CN103478028A - Directional cultivation method of white or purple fresh water pearl - Google Patents
Directional cultivation method of white or purple fresh water pearl Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of pearl cultivation, in particular to a directional cultivation method of a white or purple fresh water pearl. The directional cultivation method of the white or purple fresh water pearl comprises the following concrete steps of dissecting a white or purple piece preparation clam on the nacre of a shell, collecting the exteriority of a mantle of the clam, manufacturing the exteriority into square tissue flakelets, implanting the square tissue flakelets into a mantle connective tissue layer of a pearl cultivating clam, and cultivating to obtain a white or purple seedless fresh water pearl; inserting the tissue flakelets of the piece preparation clam into the mantle connective tissue layer or the viscera sac of the pearl cultivating clam, and inserting a shell nucleus into the mantle connective tissue layer or the viscera sac to obtain a white or purple seed fresh water pearl. Compared with the prior art, the directional cultivation method has the advantages that the overall technological level of the fresh water pearl industry in China is improved, the condition that sorting, bleaching and dyeing are manually carried out in a long time is improved, a great mount of labor is saved, the production cost of pearls is reduced, batch production of pure white pearls and pure purple pearls is realized, the quality of pearls is obviously improved, and upgrading of the fresh water pearl industry is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pearl culture technique field, the directed cultivation method of especially a kind of white or purple fresh water pearl.
Background technology
The most important condition that pearl forms is to generate and have to internal secretion nacreous " pearl sac " at soft tissue positions such as shellfish connective tissues, and traditional free pearl production method will be traced back to the mantle tissue patch-graft method that before more than 100 year, the Japanese sees rapids occasion equality people, this method generates the technology of pearl sac after the whole world is universal, becomes the basic technology that adopts modern artificial pearl culture so far.Due to the impact of CHINESE FRESHWATER pearl to world's pearl market, drop in pearl price one road; The operation woman worker labor cost of growing cultured pearls after 21 century improves constantly, and the breeding production risk further strengthens.Pearl culture is produced and is entered low margin age, and operation improving technique improves pearl quality, reduces the common demand that labour cost has become the pearl industry.Present stage, the pearl products of China has following features:
1, the pearl color complexity that natural cultured population pearl freshwater mussel produces
The history of China's cultured pearl only has more than 30 year, and starting the seventies to produce used is cristaria plicata
(Cristaria plicata), then use instead the better hydriopsis cumingii of quality (
hyriopsis cumingii), and use till today always.Cultivation comes from the wild population of rivers and lakes with freshwater mussel, 30 years from numerous self-fertile, fails so far artificially breeding.The hydriopsis cumingii of nature cultured population produces the fresh water pearl color the basic form and aspect such as white, red, yellow, purple, every kind of form and aspect comprise again a lot of colourity (shade), wherein the overwhelming majority is the Huang, red variegated of the different depths, and good pure white, darkviolet are seldom.
2, the existing uncontrollable pearl color of pearl production technology
With hydriopsis cumingii artificial culture fresh water pearl, need to dissect a freshwater mussel, get its outer embrane epithelial tissue and make a patch, be called and organize small pieces (Mantle Piece), be transplanted to again in the body of other freshwater mussel, make it to absorb nutrition, cell division, formation pearl sac, then secrete nacre, generate gradually pearl, the pearl formed like this is without nucleus pearl.For dissecting to produce, organize the freshwater mussel of small pieces to be called
the film-making freshwater mussel, for the freshwater mussel of accepting implanting tissue small pieces, cultivation pearl, be called inserted sheet freshwater mussel or pearl culturing clam.
Particularity due to the artificial pearl culture production technology, to the active film-making freshwater mussel of pearl color, all organize small pieces to be dropped later analysing to gather, people, when the influence factor of pearl color is discussed, generally considers pearl culturing clam or envirment factor and have ignored the impact that the film-making freshwater mussel may exist.
Even to this day the color of fresh water pearl or disorderly and unsystematic, only select color gorgeous especially pure, is made into single weight and sells, and all the other a large amount of variegated pearls or by bleaching or by the manual sorting, can make ornaments.
3, color is pure is a key factor estimating pearl quality
The bulk product of pearl is necklace, in order to make the necklace of every pearl colourity uniformity, or carries out the chemical bleaching processing, or adopts the manual sorting.But the pearl chemical bleaching is processed unavoidably can destroy the pearl surface structure, glossiness is descended, have a strong impact on the pearl quality.The discharge of chemical bleaching waste liquid also can bring problem of environmental pollution.The manual sorting of different colours pearl need to expend a large amount of young labours (visual demand is high), and selects result and also can have color error.Therefore, the Margarita color is too numerous and diverse, has badly influenced the image of China pearl, is the major reason that causes " pearl production big country; be not but that pearl produces power ", " pearl production accounts for the world 95%, and volume of trade less than 20% " this passive situation.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the directed cultivation method of a kind of white or purple fresh water pearl, to make up the wretched insufficiency of existing pearl cultivating technology---the pearl color is complicated, purity is low.
Above-mentioned technical problem of the present invention is mainly solved by following technical proposals:
The directed cultivation method of a kind of white or purple fresh water pearl, the method detailed process is as follows: the film-making freshwater mussel of dissecting shell pearl layer white or purple, gather its outer embrane exocuticle and make the square small pieces of organizing, being implanted in the outer embrane connective tissue layer of pearl culturing clam, cultivating and obtain white or purple
seedless fresh water pearl.described film-making freshwater mussel organize small pieces to be inserted into pearl culturing clam outer embrane knot to form in the group layer or in internal sac the time, and insert pearl core, cultivating white or purple has the core fresh water pearl.
The present invention adopts colony's seed selection, family selective breeding, proterties and the function of purifying film-making freshwater mussel mantle tissue emiocytosis nacre white, purple; With inbreeding, building is that method is set up white, purple hydriopsis cumingii basis breeding group; Recycle different breeding group intermolecular hybrids and carry out large-scale production white, purple hydriopsis cumingii film-making freshwater mussel seed, and gather the mantle tissue mantle piece of this film-making freshwater mussel, be inserted in the pearl culturing clam body, with this, realize the orientation production of white, purple fresh water pearl.
The inventor, utilized the seed selection offspring to be grown cultured pearls and tests and the pond hanging culture in 2009-2010 years according to method of the present invention, had successfully cultivated purple series pearl and white series pearl.
As preferably; described film-making freshwater mussel; be that hydriopsis cumingii (Hyriopsis cumingii) is wild by selecting, shell pearl layer colours white, the apparent in view individuality of purple in cultured population; take colony's seed selection, family selective breeding method; selection through at least 4 generations; through inbreeding, building is that method is set up respectively white, purple film-making freshwater mussel basis breeding population again, then utilizes respectively different methods of breeding group intermolecular hybrid, carries out the individuality of the abundance that propagation in scale obtains.
As preferably, when described film-making freshwater mussel individual lengths reaches 7-8 centimetre, for gathering described outer embrane exocuticle tissue, and cut into the blockage shape, add again physiological saline and antimicrobial (gentamicin) and maintained, to guarantee the physiologically active of small pieces cellular tissure, used in order to planting sheet.
As preferably, described pearl culturing clam is the kind that Mollusca Bivalvia Eulamellibranchia Unionidae sail freshwater mussel belongs to.
As preferably, described pearl culturing clam inserted sheet or insert core simultaneously after, hanging culture is to salinity lower than in the water bodys such as 2 ‰ freshwater, little reservoir or small lakes, pearl culturing clam remains on 25-35cm place, underwater.
As preferably, described water body water temperature is controlled between 5-30 ℃, in water body, contains: calcium 30-50mg/L, magnesium 0.5-1 mg/L, sulphur 1-2 mg/L, manganese 3-5 mg/L, iron 0.5 mg/L, zinc 0.05 mg/L.
As preferably, contain the bait of plankton as pearl culturing clam in described water body, the plankton kind be take the small-sized unicellular algas such as chrysophyceae, diatom or hidden algae as main, and water transparency is 25-40 centimetres.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has promoted the overall technology level of China's fresh water pearl industry, changes the long-term manual sorting of dependence, bleaching and dyeing processing, saves a large amount of labours, reduces the pearl production cost.Realize the batch production of pure white, pure purples pearl, obviously improved pearl quality, realized the fresh water pearl industrial upgrading.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
(1) directed production got the white film-making freshwater mussel that film is used
Hydriopsis cumingii (
hyriopsis cumingii) select the apparent in view individuality of shell pearl layer colours white in wild, cultured population, give over to breeding and use close freshwater mussel.
2. utilize above-mentioned close freshwater mussel, take colony's seed selection, family selective breeding method, through the selection at least 4 generations, be further purified the film-making freshwater mussel offspring that can secrete white pearl matter.
3. by inbreeding, building is that method is set up white film-making freshwater mussel basis breeding group, between different breeding groups, is hybridized, to prevent the degeneration of white proterties again.Filter out white film-making freshwater mussel according to said method.
(2) the outer embrane exocuticle is organized the making of small pieces:
1. when film-making freshwater mussel individual lengths reaches 7-8 centimetre, can be used for gathering and organize small pieces.
2. dissect white film-making freshwater mussel, gather its outer embrane exocuticle tissue, and cut into the small pieces of organizing of blockage shape, used in order to planting sheet.
3., after organizing small pieces to make, add physiological saline and antimicrobial (er: gentamicin) maintained, to guarantee to organize the physiologically active of small pieces cellular tissure.
(3) selection of pearl culturing clam:
For accepting above-mentioned outer embrane
exocuticlethe pearl culturing clam of organizing small pieces to carry out white pearl directive breeding, need be Mollusca, Bivalvia, Eulamellibranchia, Unionidae, the kind that the sail freshwater mussel belongs to, as hydriopsis cumingii (
hyriopsis cumingii).
(4) plant the sheet pearl culturing method:
1. the above-mentioned outer embrane exocuticle gathered is organized to small pieces from the film-making freshwater mussel, directly be inserted in the outer embrane connective tissue layer of pearl culturing clam, can cultivate white
seedless fresh water pearl;
2. above-mentioned outer embrane exocuticle is organized small pieces to be inserted into pearl culturing clam outer embrane knot and formed in the group layer or in internal sac the time, and insert pearl core, can cultivate white
the core fresh water pearl is arranged.
(5) cultivation of pearl culturing clam:
By the above-mentioned pearl culturing clam hanging culture of inserting sheet or inserting core simultaneously to salinity lower than in 2 ‰ poisons in freshwater.Pearl culturing clam remains on 25-35cm place, underwater.
2. the water body water temperature is controlled between 5-30 ℃, and calcium content is at 30-50mg/L, magnesium 0.5-1 mg/L, sulphur 1-2 mg/L, manganese 3-5 mg/L, iron 0.5 mg/L, zinc 0.05 mg/L.
3. water body requires that the bait of abundant plankton as pearl culturing clam is arranged, and the plankton kind be take the small-sized unicellular algas such as chrysophyceae, diatom, hidden algae as main.Transparency is 25-40 centimetres.
Through the cultivation of 3-5 year, carry out sorting by national standard, white seedless fresh water pearl can account for 98%; Through the cultivation of 2 years, 100% white that can obtain had the core fresh water pearl.And adopting traditional pearl culturing method, the same period to adopt pearl, the white color system pearl is only 20-30%; Pink colour is that pearl accounts for 40-60%; The purple pearl accounts for 5-15%.
The fresh water white pearl of cultivating by the method, color and luster is consistent, evenly; Having good technique is worth.
Embodiment 2
(1) directed production got the purple film-making freshwater mussel that film is used
Hydriopsis cumingii (
hyriopsis cumingii) select the apparent in view individuality of shell pearl layer color purple in wild, cultured population, give over to breeding and use close freshwater mussel.
2. utilize above-mentioned close freshwater mussel, take colony's seed selection, family selective breeding method, through the selection at least 4 generations, be further purified the film-making freshwater mussel offspring that can secrete purple nacre.
3. by inbreeding, building is that method is set up purple film-making freshwater mussel basis breeding group, between different breeding groups, is hybridized, to prevent the degeneration of Purpled traits again.Filter out purple film-making freshwater mussel according to said method.
(2) the outer embrane exocuticle is organized the making of small pieces:
1. when film-making freshwater mussel individual lengths reaches 7-8 centimetre, can be used for gathering and organize small pieces.
2. dissect purple film-making freshwater mussel, gather its outer embrane exocuticle tissue, and cut into the small pieces of organizing of blockage shape, used in order to planting sheet.
3. after organizing small pieces to make, add physiological saline and antimicrobial (gentamicin) and maintained, to guarantee to organize the physiologically active of small pieces cellular tissure.
(3) selection of pearl culturing clam:
For accepting above-mentioned outer embrane
exocuticlethe pearl culturing clam of organizing small pieces to carry out the directive breeding of purple pearl, need be Mollusca, Bivalvia, Eulamellibranchia, Unionidae, the kind that the sail freshwater mussel belongs to, as hydriopsis cumingii (
hyriopsis cumingii).
(4) plant the sheet pearl culturing method:
1. the above-mentioned outer embrane exocuticle gathered is organized to small pieces from the film-making freshwater mussel, directly be inserted in the outer embrane connective tissue layer of pearl culturing clam, can cultivate purple
seedless fresh water pearl;
2. above-mentioned outer embrane exocuticle is organized small pieces to be inserted into pearl culturing clam outer embrane knot and formed in the group layer or in internal sac the time, and insert pearl core, can cultivate purple
the core fresh water pearl is arranged.
(5) cultivation of pearl culturing clam:
By the above-mentioned pearl culturing clam hanging culture of inserting sheet or inserting core simultaneously to salinity lower than in 2 ‰ poisons in freshwater.Pearl culturing clam remains on 25-35cm place, underwater.
2. the water body water temperature is controlled between 5-30 ℃, and calcium content is at 30-50mg/L, magnesium 0.5-1 mg/L, sulphur 1-2 mg/L, manganese 3-5 mg/L, iron 0.5 mg/L, zinc 0.05 mg/L.
3. water body requires that the bait of abundant plankton as pearl culturing clam is arranged, and the plankton kind be take the small-sized unicellular algas such as chrysophyceae, diatom, hidden algae as main.Transparency is 25-40 centimetres.
Through the cultivation of 3-5 year, carry out sorting by national standard, the seedless fresh water pearl of purple can account for 98%; Through the cultivation of 2 years, 100% purple that can obtain had the core fresh water pearl.And adopting traditional pearl culturing method, the same period to adopt pearl, the white color system pearl is only 20-30%; Pink colour is that pearl accounts for 40-60%; The purple pearl accounts for 5-15%.
The fresh water purple pearl of cultivating by the method, color and luster is consistent, evenly; Having good technique is worth.
Above-described embodiment is to explanation of the present invention, is not limitation of the invention, any structure after simple transformation of the present invention, method is all belonged to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the directed cultivation method of a white or purple fresh water pearl, it is characterized in that: the film-making freshwater mussel of dissecting shell pearl layer white or purple, gather its outer embrane exocuticle and make the square small pieces of organizing, be implanted in the outer embrane connective tissue layer of pearl culturing clam, cultivate and obtain white or the seedless fresh water pearl of purple
.
2. the directed cultivation method of white according to claim 1 or purple fresh water pearl, it is characterized in that: described film-making freshwater mussel organize small pieces to be inserted into pearl culturing clam outer embrane knot to form in the group layer or in internal sac the time, and insert pearl core, cultivating white or purple has the core fresh water pearl.
3. the directed cultivation method of white according to claim 1 and 2 or purple fresh water pearl; it is characterized in that: described film-making freshwater mussel; be that hydriopsis cumingii (Hyriopsis cumingii) is wild by selecting, shell pearl layer colours white, the apparent in view individuality of purple in cultured population; take colony's seed selection, family selective breeding method; selection through at least 4 generations; through inbreeding, building is that method is set up respectively white, purple film-making freshwater mussel basis breeding population again; utilize respectively more different methods of breeding group intermolecular hybrid, carry out the individuality of the abundance that propagation in scale obtains.
4. the directed cultivation method of white according to claim 1 and 2 or purple fresh water pearl, it is characterized in that: when described film-making freshwater mussel individual lengths reaches 7-8 centimetre, for gathering described outer embrane exocuticle tissue, and cut into the blockage shape, add physiological saline again and antimicrobial is maintained, to guarantee the physiologically active of small pieces cellular tissure, used in order to planting sheet.
5. the directed cultivation method of white according to claim 1 or purple fresh water pearl is characterized in that: described pearl culturing clam is the kind that Mollusca Bivalvia Eulamellibranchia Unionidae sail freshwater mussel belongs to.
6. the directed cultivation method of white according to claim 1 and 2 or purple fresh water pearl, it is characterized in that: described pearl culturing clam inserted sheet or insert core simultaneously after, hanging culture is to salinity lower than in the water bodys such as 2 ‰ freshwater, little reservoir or small lakes, and pearl culturing clam remains on 25-35cm place, underwater.
7. the directed cultivation method of white according to claim 6 or purple fresh water pearl, it is characterized in that: described water body water temperature is controlled between 5-30 ℃, in water body, contain: calcium 30-50mg/L, magnesium 0.5-1 mg/L, sulphur 1-2 mg/L, manganese 3-5 mg/L, iron 0.5 mg/L, zinc 0.05 mg/L.
8. the directed cultivation method of white according to claim 6 or purple fresh water pearl, it is characterized in that: contain the bait of plankton as pearl culturing clam in described water body, the plankton kind be take the small-sized unicellular algas such as chrysophyceae, diatom or hidden algae as main, and water transparency is 25-40 centimetres.
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Cited By (9)
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| CN103782938A (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2014-05-14 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Method for acquiring parasitic polydora in pearl oyster shells |
| CN103858804A (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2014-06-18 | 金华职业技术学院 | Method for cultivating multi-color pearl |
| CN103960189A (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2014-08-06 | 谢秉文 | Method for selecting natural color breeding clams from hyriopsis cumingii and breeding membrane producing clams |
| CN104756915A (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-07-08 | 广东海洋大学 | Cultivation method of colorful seawater pearls |
| CN107593543A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-01-19 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of fresh water genuine pearl with pearl mantle piece treatment fluid and preparation method thereof |
| CN109845671A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-06-07 | 成冰冰 | A kind of production method of moulding pearl |
| CN111528148A (en) * | 2020-05-30 | 2020-08-14 | 抚州市水产科学研究所 | Method for rapidly cultivating high-quality nucleated pearls by using hyriopsis schlegeli |
| CN111670841A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-09-18 | 广西壮族自治区水产引育种中心 | Breeding method of new red tilapia strain |
| CN112586414A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-02 | 广东尊鼎珍珠有限公司 | Cultivation method of seedless seawater pearls |
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Cited By (13)
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| CN103782938A (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2014-05-14 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Method for acquiring parasitic polydora in pearl oyster shells |
| CN103782938B (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2015-11-18 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | A kind of method obtaining pearl shell shell endoparasitism accomplished lady worm |
| CN103858804A (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2014-06-18 | 金华职业技术学院 | Method for cultivating multi-color pearl |
| WO2015143755A1 (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2015-10-01 | 金华职业技术学院 | Method for cultivating multi-color pearl |
| CN103960189B (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2016-08-24 | 谢秉文 | The propagation method of the selected and masking freshwater mussel of hydriopsis cumingii natural color kind freshwater mussel |
| CN103960189A (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2014-08-06 | 谢秉文 | Method for selecting natural color breeding clams from hyriopsis cumingii and breeding membrane producing clams |
| CN104756915A (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-07-08 | 广东海洋大学 | Cultivation method of colorful seawater pearls |
| CN104756915B (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2018-08-10 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of breeding method of colorful sea water pearls |
| CN107593543A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-01-19 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of fresh water genuine pearl with pearl mantle piece treatment fluid and preparation method thereof |
| CN109845671A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-06-07 | 成冰冰 | A kind of production method of moulding pearl |
| CN111528148A (en) * | 2020-05-30 | 2020-08-14 | 抚州市水产科学研究所 | Method for rapidly cultivating high-quality nucleated pearls by using hyriopsis schlegeli |
| CN111670841A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-09-18 | 广西壮族自治区水产引育种中心 | Breeding method of new red tilapia strain |
| CN112586414A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-02 | 广东尊鼎珍珠有限公司 | Cultivation method of seedless seawater pearls |
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