CN101861839A - Method for artificially breeding purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii - Google Patents

Method for artificially breeding purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101861839A
CN101861839A CN201010165436A CN201010165436A CN101861839A CN 101861839 A CN101861839 A CN 101861839A CN 201010165436 A CN201010165436 A CN 201010165436A CN 201010165436 A CN201010165436 A CN 201010165436A CN 101861839 A CN101861839 A CN 101861839A
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nacre
pearl
purple
breeding
freshwater mussel
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CN101861839B (en
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朱文彬
李家乐
白志毅
张根芳
金武
付龙龙
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Shanghai Maritime University
Shanghai Ocean University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for artificially breeding purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii, which comprises the following steps of: (1) selecting parent clams, namely optimizing the cold shock method of the hyriopsis cumingii and a dental mirror in-vivo observational technique, establishing a loss-free, quick and accurate hyriopsis cumingii nacre color in-vivo identification technique, and screening the parent clams by combining hyriopsis cumingii pearl-breeding properties; (2) breeding small clams, namely hanging and inbreeding male and female parents in a water body without heterogenic sperm interference according to the inbred combination, and independently breeding from mating, seedling parasitizing, seedling growing to pearl breeding; (3) breeding pearl-breeding clams, namely sending offspring of each female clam after pearl inserting to a plurality of culturing farms and independently breeding; and (4) breeding the purple nacre hyriopsis cumingii strain, namely determining early stage of pearl inserting operation and later stage of pearl breeding as critical periods of breeding and optimizing small clams and pearl-breeding clams. The method has the advantages of visual breeding properties, accurate identification, and capability of breeding the purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii and improving the color purity and yield of pearls.

Description

A kind of method for artificially breeding of purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for artificially breeding of purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii, belong to technical field of aquaculture.
Background technology
The shell nacre color of hydriopsis cumingii (Hyriopsis cumingii) is mainly the most common with white and two kinds of purples.We find that aborning the hydriopsis cumingii of purple nacre strain grows faster, and the secretion nacre is more vigorous, and the pearl that is brought out as small pieces freshwater mussel and pearl culturing clam is also bigger, round, color is darker.Pearl is after implanting pearl culturing clam by pearl freshwater mussel outer embrane cell small pieces, to form pearl sac in the pearl culturing clam body, and pearl sac is secreted nacre and formed then; Proved that the nacreous shell nacre color of supplying outer embrane cell small pieces has determined the color of pearl.Therefore, shell nacre color is one of important character of pearl freshwater mussel breeding.
At present the particle diameter that mainly concentrates on the nacreous product pearl amount and the pearl that produced of the breeding work of hydriopsis cumingii carries out breeding as the main purpose proterties, and is that the work that the purpose proterties is carried out breeding does not appear in the newspapers with the pearl color.The present invention is the seed selection proterties with the purple nacre color, purple nacre strain small pieces freshwater mussel and pearl culturing clam are carried out independent seed selection, every seed selection generation, the purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii proportion obviously increases in the filial generation, up near pure purples nacre strain, use this purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii grow cultured pearls purple pearl production that can increase high value significantly and the crocus pearl production that reduces low value, be of great importance for the development of following pearl sector.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the method for artificially breeding of kind of purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii, to solve the many weak points of existing in prior technology.The technical issues that need to address of the present invention provide a kind of selection of purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii; thereby select purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii; cultivate the purple pearl of the high value of high-quality; this invention is applicable to the large-scale breeding of purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii, obtains bigger economic benefit and social benefit.
The technical problem that will solve required for the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of method for artificially breeding of purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) selection of close freshwater mussel: adopt hydriopsis cumingii cold shock method, use observational technique in the odontoscope biological living, not damaged, Margarita matter color live body authenticate technology have fast and accurately been set up, be used for the evaluation of purple nacre hydriopsis cumingii, then in conjunction with the hydriopsis cumingii character screening parent freshwater mussel of growing cultured pearls;
(2) little freshwater mussel breeds: the female male parent that will choose makes up in the water body that keeps hanging on no xenogenesis sperm interference by selfing and carries out selfing, all independently cultivates to posting seedling, grow seedlings and growing cultured pearls from mating;
(3) pearl culturing clam is cultivated: the offspring of every female freshwater mussel is sent to a plurality of plants and cultivates separately after inserting pearl;
(4) purple nacre hydriopsis cumingii strain breeding: according to the pearl culturing clam feature of growing, determining to insert pearl operation early stage and pearl, to form two stages of later stage be the seed selection critical period, and small pieces freshwater mussel and pearl culturing clam are carried out respectively preferably.
Wherein, hydriopsis cumingii cold shock method described in the step (1) is before the experiment hydriopsis cumingii to be placed on the ice cube 30-35 minute, makes hydriopsis cumingii enter the cold shock state, and experimental implementation slowly rises to the pond temperature with hydriopsis cumingii after finishing, and puts back to the pond.
Wherein, the live body of Margarita matter color described in the step (1) authenticate technology is that the viewed color near posterior adductor muscle outer embrane marginal membrane below nacre of employing odontoscope is a purple, the nacre color of the outer embrane marginal membrane of ventral margin medium position below still is a purple simultaneously, could select the seed selection parent of this freshwater mussel as purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii.
Further, Margarita matter color live body authenticate technology: insert gently with cracker between two shells of hydriopsis cumingii, strut the bivalve at leisure, the about 0.8-1.0cm of openings of sizes, dialled the outer embrane marginal membrane of close posterior adductor muscle gently with dialling the gill plate again, dial 0.2-0.3cm, adopted odontoscope to observe the nacre color.Still be purple if the nacre color of observed marginal membrane below is the nacre color below purple and the outer embrane marginal membrane of observing hydriopsis cumingii ventral margin medium position with identical method, then select the seed selection parent of this freshwater mussel as purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii.
Wherein, insert pearl operation early stage described in the step (4) the small pieces freshwater mussel was carried out preferably for half freshwater mussel period in age, the freshwater mussel body is about 6-8cm, its shell presents translucent, shell look and inner casing look (inner casing look, be the nacre color) be consistent, directly optimize the little freshwater mussels of 10000 pieces of purples in this stage according to the shell look, the method can optimize the purple strain hyriopsis cumingii quicker, more convenient and more accurately.Then, from the little freshwater mussel of purple that optimizes, optimize 5000 pieces of bodies again and expand, pachyhymenia, color of shell is fresh and tender glossy, and closed shell flesh is strong, and the water spray ability is strong, closes the freshwater mussel of shell rapidly as the small pieces freshwater mussel after frightened; The small pieces freshwater mussel that optimizes keeps a part and continues to cultivate as the seed selection parent except a part is used for inserting the pearl operation, further improves the purity of small pieces freshwater mussel quality and purple strain nacre hydriopsis cumingii.
Wherein, pearl described in the step (4) is formed the later stage and pearl culturing clam is preferably referred to pearl that pearl culturing clam is educated is carried out color, quality and output sample investigation, optimize 1000 freshwater mussels that the pearl color is dark, quality is high and output is high, and then optimize from these freshwater mussels that 200 individualities are big, freshwater mussel that shell broad and nacre color are darkviolet is as close freshwater mussel, proceed seed selection, further improve the purity of pearl culturing clam quality and purple strain nacre hydriopsis cumingii.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) adopt the operation that experimentizes of cold shock method, greatly reduce each degree of injury of organizing in the hydriopsis cumingii body, avoid experimental implementation to its outer embrane nacre mechanism of secretion, growing and breeding impacts.
(2) use Margarita matter color live body authenticate technology, can rapider, more accurate, more directly filter out parent, reduced the seed selection cycle greatly with seed selection proterties.
(3) offspring of every female freshwater mussel improves seed selection intensity from posting seedling, growing seedlings to grow cultured pearls and all carry out independent cultivation.
(4) in order to get rid of the interference of environmental factor, the offspring of every female freshwater mussel inserted pearl after, all be sent to 3 or 3 above different breeding fields and cultivate separately.
(5) will insert pearl operation early stage and pearl and form the later stage, and small pieces freshwater mussel and pearl culturing clam be carried out preferably, and small pieces freshwater mussel and pearl culturing clam are separately cultivated separately as crucial seed selection period.
Embodiment
In order to make technological means of the present invention, creation characteristic, to reach purpose and effect is easy to understand,, further set forth the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
1 parent's selection
1) be in the close freshwater mussel of 4-5 2000 pairs of freshwater mussel ages, selecting body grows up in 15cm, the complete nothing of shell is incomplete, belly drum circle, the healthy and strong grossness of freshwater mussel body, the outer gill lamella does not have wound, closed shell flesh is powerful, thick and the withstand voltage brute force of shell is big, compares the freshwater mussel that obvious growth vigor is arranged with freshwater mussel of the same age, picks out 500 pairs as alternative close freshwater mussel;
2) use Margarita matter color live body authenticate technology, at first adopt the cold shock method that hydriopsis cumingii was placed on the ice cube about 30 minutes, insert gently between two shells of hydriopsis cumingii with cracker then, strut the bivalve at leisure, the about 0.8-1.0cm of openings of sizes, in order to avoid damage closed shell flesh influence closed shell flesh function, make the shell can not closure.Dialled the outer embrane marginal membrane of close posterior adductor muscle gently with dialling the gill plate, dialled 0.2-0.3cm and got final product, marginal membrane can not have been dialled from the overcoat trace, in order to avoid the damage outer embrane influences nacre mechanism of secretion and survival rate.Adopt odontoscope to observe the nacre color after having dialled, if being purple and the outer embrane marginal membrane nacre color of taking identical method to observe hydriopsis cumingii ventral margin medium position, observed color still is purple, promptly select the seed selection parent of this freshwater mussel, finally pick out 50 pairs of close freshwater mussels as purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii.
The 2 female male parents that will choose make up in the water body that keeps hanging on independent, the no xenogenesis sperm interference of into draining respectively by selfing and carry out selfing, from mating to posting seedling, grow seedlings and growing cultured pearls, the offspring of every female freshwater mussel all independently cultivates, and is sent to 3 different breeding fields behind the slotting pearl and cultivates separately.
3 during production is grown cultured pearls, and it is the seed selection critical period that slotting pearl operation early stage and pearl are formed two stages of later stage, and small pieces freshwater mussel and pearl culturing clam are carried out respectively preferably.
1) inserts pearl operation early stage: half freshwater mussel period in age, at this moment freshwater mussel body is about 6-8cm, its shell presents translucent, the shell look is consistent with inner casing look (being the nacre color), therefore, directly optimize the little freshwater mussel of 10000 pieces of darkviolets according to the shell look in this stage, the method can optimize the purple strain hyriopsis cumingii quicker, more convenient and more accurately.Then, from the little freshwater mussel of purple that optimizes, optimize 5000 pieces of bodies again and expand, pachyhymenia, color of shell is fresh and tender glossy, and closed shell flesh is strong, and the water spray ability is strong, closes the freshwater mussel of shell rapidly as the small pieces freshwater mussel after frightened.The small pieces freshwater mussel that optimizes keeps a part and continues to cultivate as the seed selection parent except a part is used for inserting the pearl operation, further improves the purity of small pieces freshwater mussel quality and purple strain nacre hydriopsis cumingii.
2) pearl is formed the later stage: pearl that pearl culturing clam is educated is carried out color, quality and output sample investigation, optimize 1000 freshwater mussels that the pearl color is dark, quality is high and output is high, and then optimize from these freshwater mussels that 200 individualities are big, freshwater mussel that shell broad and nacre color are darkviolet is as close freshwater mussel, proceed seed selection, further improve the purity of pearl culturing clam quality and purple strain nacre hydriopsis cumingii.
Innovative point of the present invention:
(1) parent's selection
A. set up hydriopsis cumingii experiment and observed the cold shock method: adopt the cold shock method that hydriopsis cumingii was placed on the ice cube about 30 minutes before the experiment, experimental implementation slowly rises to the pond temperature with hydriopsis cumingii after finishing, and puts back to the pond.
B. set up Margarita matter color live body authenticate technology: insert gently with cracker between two shells of hydriopsis cumingii, strut the bivalve at leisure, the about 0.8-1.0cm of openings of sizes, dialled the outer embrane marginal membrane of close posterior adductor muscle gently with dialling the gill plate again, having dialled 0.2-0.3cm gets final product, adopt odontoscope to observe the nacre color after having dialled, still be purple if the nacre color of observed marginal membrane below is the nacre color below purple and the outer embrane marginal membrane of observing hydriopsis cumingii ventral margin medium position with identical method, then select the seed selection parent of this freshwater mussel as purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii.
(2) foundation of selection
The cultivation of a. little freshwater mussel: the female male parent that will choose makes up in the water body that keeps hanging on no xenogenesis sperm interference by selfing and carries out selfing, all independently cultivates to posting seedling, grow seedlings and growing cultured pearls from mating;
B. get rid of environmental factor and disturb, cultivate pearl culturing clam: the offspring of every female freshwater mussel all is sent to 3 different breeding fields and cultivates separately after inserting pearl.
C. the seed selection stage is definite: during production was grown cultured pearls, it was the seed selection critical period that slotting pearl operation early stage and pearl are formed two stages of later stage, and small pieces freshwater mussel and pearl culturing clam are carried out respectively preferably.
More than show and described basic principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that describes in the foregoing description and the specification just illustrates principle of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.

Claims (6)

1. the method for artificially breeding of a purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) selection of close freshwater mussel: adopt hydriopsis cumingii cold shock method, use observational technique in the odontoscope biological living, not damaged, Margarita matter color live body authenticate technology have fast and accurately been set up, be used for the evaluation of purple nacre hydriopsis cumingii, then in conjunction with the hydriopsis cumingii character screening parent freshwater mussel of growing cultured pearls;
(2) little freshwater mussel breeds: the female male parent that will choose makes up in the water body that keeps hanging on no xenogenesis sperm interference by selfing and carries out selfing, all independently cultivates to posting seedling, grow seedlings and growing cultured pearls from mating;
(3) pearl culturing clam is cultivated: the offspring of every female freshwater mussel is sent to a plurality of plants and cultivates separately after inserting pearl;
(4) purple nacre hydriopsis cumingii strain breeding: according to the pearl culturing clam feature of growing, determining to insert pearl operation early stage and pearl, to form two stages of later stage be the seed selection critical period, and small pieces freshwater mussel and pearl culturing clam are carried out respectively preferably.
2. the method for artificially breeding of a kind of purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, hydriopsis cumingii cold shock method described in the step (1) is before the experiment hydriopsis cumingii to be placed on the ice cube 30-35 minute, make hydriopsis cumingii enter the cold shock state, after experimental implementation finishes, hydriopsis cumingii is slowly risen to the pond temperature, put back to the pond.
3. the method for artificially breeding of a kind of purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the live body of Margarita matter color described in the step (1) authenticate technology is that the viewed color near posterior adductor muscle outer embrane marginal membrane below nacre of employing odontoscope is a purple, the nacre color of the outer embrane marginal membrane of ventral margin medium position below still is a purple simultaneously, could select the seed selection parent of this freshwater mussel as purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii.
4. the method for artificially breeding of a kind of purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, Margarita matter color live body authenticate technology: insert gently with cracker between two shells of hydriopsis cumingii, strut the bivalve at leisure, the about 0.8-1.0cm of openings of sizes, dial the outer embrane marginal membrane of close posterior adductor muscle gently with dialling the gill plate again, dialled 0.2-0.3cm, adopted odontoscope to observe the nacre color.
5. the method for artificially breeding of a kind of purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, insert pearl operation early stage described in the step (4) the small pieces freshwater mussel was carried out preferably for half freshwater mussel period in age, the freshwater mussel body is about 6-8cm, its shell presents translucent, the shell look is consistent with the inner casing look, the little freshwater mussel that directly optimizes 10000 pieces of purples according to the shell look in this stage then, optimizing 5000 pieces of bodies again from the little freshwater mussel of purple that optimizes expands, pachyhymenia, color of shell is fresh and tender glossy, and closed shell flesh is strong, the water spray ability is strong, closes the freshwater mussel of shell rapidly as the small pieces freshwater mussel after frightened; The small pieces freshwater mussel that optimizes keeps a part and continues to cultivate as the seed selection parent except a part is used for inserting the pearl operation, further improves the purity of small pieces freshwater mussel quality and purple strain nacre hydriopsis cumingii.
6. the method for artificially breeding of a kind of purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, pearl described in the step (4) is formed the later stage and pearl culturing clam is preferably referred to pearl that pearl culturing clam is educated is carried out color, quality and output sample investigation, it is dark to optimize 1000 pearl colors, the freshwater mussel that quality height and output are high, and then it is big to optimize 200 individualities from these freshwater mussels, shell broad and nacre color are that the freshwater mussel of darkviolet is as close freshwater mussel, proceed seed selection, further improve the purity of pearl culturing clam quality and purple strain nacre hydriopsis cumingii.
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CN103478028A (en) * 2013-09-03 2014-01-01 金华职业技术学院 Directional cultivation method of white or purple fresh water pearl
CN103478025A (en) * 2013-08-23 2014-01-01 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 Cultivating method of hyriopsis cumingii with golden yellow shell
CN103960189A (en) * 2014-05-21 2014-08-06 谢秉文 Method for selecting natural color breeding clams from hyriopsis cumingii and breeding membrane producing clams

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CN103478028B (en) * 2013-09-03 2015-02-25 金华职业技术学院 Directional cultivation method of white or purple fresh water pearl
CN103960189A (en) * 2014-05-21 2014-08-06 谢秉文 Method for selecting natural color breeding clams from hyriopsis cumingii and breeding membrane producing clams
CN103960189B (en) * 2014-05-21 2016-08-24 谢秉文 The propagation method of the selected and masking freshwater mussel of hydriopsis cumingii natural color kind freshwater mussel

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