CN101861839B - Method for artificially breeding purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii - Google Patents
Method for artificially breeding purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii Download PDFInfo
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- CN101861839B CN101861839B CN2010101654368A CN201010165436A CN101861839B CN 101861839 B CN101861839 B CN 101861839B CN 2010101654368 A CN2010101654368 A CN 2010101654368A CN 201010165436 A CN201010165436 A CN 201010165436A CN 101861839 B CN101861839 B CN 101861839B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for artificially breeding purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii, which comprises the following steps of: (1) selecting parent clams, namely optimizing the cold shock method of the hyriopsis cumingii and a dental mirror in-vivo observational technique, establishing a loss-free, quick and accurate hyriopsis cumingii nacre color in-vivo identification technique, and screening the parent clams by combining hyriopsis cumingii pearl-breeding properties; (2) breeding small clams, namely hanging and inbreeding male and female parents in a water body without heterogenic sperm interference according to the inbred combination, and independently breeding from mating, seedling parasitizing, seedling growing to pearl breeding; (3) breeding pearl-breeding clams, namely sending offspring of each female clam after pearl inserting to a plurality of culturing farms and independently breeding; and (4) breeding the purple nacre hyriopsis cumingii strain, namely determining early stage of pearl inserting operation and later stage of pearl breeding as critical periods of breeding and optimizing small clams and pearl-breeding clams. The method has the advantages of visual breeding properties, accurate identification, and capability of breeding the purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii and improving the color purity and yield of pearls.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for artificially breeding of purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii, belong to technical field of aquaculture.
Background technology
The shell nacre color of hydriopsis cumingii (Hyriopsis cumingii) is mainly the most common with white and two kinds of purples.We find that aborning the hydriopsis cumingii of purple nacre strain grows faster, and the secretion nacre is more vigorous, the pearl that is brought out as small pieces freshwater mussel and pearl culturing clam also more greatly, round, color is darker.Pearl is after implanting pearl culturing clam by pearl freshwater mussel outer embrane cell small pieces, in the pearl culturing clam body, to form pearl sac, and pearl sac is secreted nacre and formed then; Proved that the nacreous shell nacre color of supplying outer embrane cell small pieces has determined the color of pearl.Therefore, shell nacre color is one of important character of pearl freshwater mussel breeding.
At present the particle diameter that mainly concentrates on the nacreous product pearl amount and the pearl that produced of the breeding work of hydriopsis cumingii carries out breeding as the main purpose proterties, and is that the work that the purpose proterties is carried out breeding does not appear in the newspapers with the pearl color.The present invention is the seed selection proterties with the purple nacre color; Purple nacre strain small pieces freshwater mussel and pearl culturing clam are carried out independent seed selection; Every seed selection generation, the purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii proportion obviously increases in the filial generation, up near pure purples nacre strain; Use this purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii grow cultured pearls purple pearl production that can increase high value significantly and the crocus pearl production that reduces low value, be of great importance for the development of following pearl sector.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the method for artificially breeding of kind of purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii, to solve the many weak points of existing in prior technology.The technical issues that need to address of the present invention provide a kind of selection of purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii; Thereby select purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii; Cultivate the purple pearl of the high value of high-quality; This invention is applicable to the large-scale breeding of purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii, obtains bigger economic benefit and social benefit.
The technical problem that will solve required for the present invention, can realize through following technical scheme:
A kind of method for artificially breeding of purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) selection of close freshwater mussel: adopt hydriopsis cumingii cold shock method; Use observational technique in the odontoscope biological living; Not damaged, Margarita matter color live body authenticate technology have fast and accurately been set up; Be used for the evaluation of purple nacre hydriopsis cumingii, combine the hydriopsis cumingii character screening parent freshwater mussel of growing cultured pearls then;
(2) little freshwater mussel breeds: the male and female parent that will choose makes up in the water body that keeps hanging on no xenogenesis sperm interference by selfing and carries out selfing, all independently cultivates to posting seedling, grow seedlings and growing cultured pearls from mating;
(3) pearl culturing clam is cultivated: the offspring of every female freshwater mussel is sent to a plurality of plants and cultivates separately after inserting pearl;
(4) purple nacre hydriopsis cumingii strain breeding: according to the pearl culturing clam characteristic of growing, confirming to insert pearl operation early stage and pearl, to form two stages of later stage be the seed selection critical period, and small pieces freshwater mussel and pearl culturing clam are carried out respectively preferably.
Wherein, hydriopsis cumingii cold shock method described in the step (1) is before the experiment hydriopsis cumingii to be placed on the ice cube 30-35 minute, makes hydriopsis cumingii get into the cold shock state, and experimental implementation slowly rises to the pond temperature with hydriopsis cumingii after finishing, and puts back to the pond.
Wherein, The live body of Margarita matter color described in the step (1) authenticate technology is that the viewed color near posterior adductor muscle outer embrane marginal membrane below nacre of employing odontoscope is a purple; The nacre color of the outer embrane marginal membrane of ventral margin medium position below still is a purple simultaneously, could select the seed selection parent of this freshwater mussel as purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii.
Further; Margarita matter color live body authenticate technology: insert gently with cracker between two shells of hydriopsis cumingii; Strut the bivalve at leisure, the about 0.8-1.0cm of openings of sizes has dialled the outer embrane marginal membrane near posterior adductor muscle with dialling the gill plate more gently; Dial 0.2-0.3cm, adopted odontoscope to observe the nacre color.Still be purple if the nacre color of observed marginal membrane below is purple and the nacre color of using identical method to observe the outer embrane marginal membrane below of hydriopsis cumingii ventral margin medium position, then select the seed selection parent of this freshwater mussel as purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii.
Wherein, Insert pearl operation early stage described in the step (4) the small pieces freshwater mussel was carried out preferably for half freshwater mussel period in age, the freshwater mussel body is about 6-8cm, and its shell appears translucent; Shell look and inner casing look (inner casing look; Be the nacre color) be consistent, directly optimize the little freshwater mussels of 10000 pieces of purples in this stage according to the shell look, the method can be more fast, more convenient and optimize the purple strain hyriopsis cumingii more accurately.Then, from the little freshwater mussel of purple that optimizes, optimize 5000 pieces of bodies again and expand, pachyhymenia, color of shell is fresh and tender glossy, and closed shell flesh is strong, and the water spray ability is strong, and the freshwater mussel of closing shell rapidly after frightened is as the small pieces freshwater mussel; The small pieces freshwater mussel that optimizes keeps a part and continues to cultivate as the seed selection parent except a part is used for inserting the pearl operation, further improves the purity of small pieces freshwater mussel quality and purple strain nacre hydriopsis cumingii.
Wherein, Pearl described in the step (4) is formed the later stage and pearl culturing clam is preferably referred to pearl that pearl culturing clam is educated is carried out color, quality and output sample investigation; Optimize 1000 freshwater mussels that the pearl color is dark, quality is high and output is high; And then optimize from these freshwater mussels that 200 individualities are big, freshwater mussel that shell broad and nacre color are darkviolet is as close freshwater mussel, proceeds seed selection, further improves the purity of pearl culturing clam quality and purple strain nacre hydriopsis cumingii.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) adopt the operation that experimentizes of cold shock method, greatly reduce each degree of injury of organizing in the hydriopsis cumingii body, avoid experimental implementation to its outer embrane nacre mechanism of secretion, growing and breeding impacts.
(2) use Margarita matter color live body authenticate technology, can more rapidly, more accurately, more directly filter out parent, reduced the seed selection cycle greatly with seed selection proterties.
(3) offspring of every female freshwater mussel improves seed selection intensity from posting seedling, growing seedlings to grow cultured pearls and all carry out independent cultivation.
(4) in order to get rid of the interference of environmental factor, the offspring of every female freshwater mussel inserted pearl after, all be sent to 3 or 3 above different breeding fields and cultivate separately.
(5) will insert pearl operation early stage and pearl and form the later stage, and small pieces freshwater mussel and pearl culturing clam carried out preferably, and small pieces freshwater mussel and pearl culturing clam are separately cultivated separately as crucial seed selection period.
Embodiment
In order to make technological means of the present invention, creation characteristic, to reach purpose and effect and be easy to understand and understand,, further set forth the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
1 parent's selection
1) is in the close freshwater mussel of 4-5 2000 pairs of freshwater mussel ages, selects body and grow up that the complete nothing of shell is incomplete in 15cm; Belly drum circle, the healthy and strong grossness of freshwater mussel body, the outer gill lamella does not have wound; Closed shell flesh is powerful; Thick and the withstand voltage brute force of shell is big, compares the freshwater mussel that obvious growth vigor is arranged with freshwater mussel of the same age, picks out 500 pairs as alternative close freshwater mussel;
2) use Margarita matter color live body authenticate technology; At first adopt the cold shock method that hydriopsis cumingii was placed on the ice cube about 30 minutes, insert gently between two shells of hydriopsis cumingii with cracker then, strut the bivalve at leisure; The about 0.8-1.0cm of openings of sizes; In order to avoid damage closed shell flesh influence closed shell flesh function, make the shell can not closure.Dialled outer embrane marginal membrane gently with dialling the gill plate, dialled 0.2-0.3cm and got final product, can not marginal membrane have been dialled from the overcoat trace, in order to avoid the damage outer embrane influences nacre mechanism of secretion and survival rate near posterior adductor muscle.Adopt odontoscope to observe the nacre color after having dialled; If being purple and the outer embrane marginal membrane nacre color of taking identical method to observe hydriopsis cumingii ventral margin medium position, observed color still is purple; Promptly select the seed selection parent of this freshwater mussel, finally pick out 50 pairs of close freshwater mussels as purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii.
The 2 male and female parents that will choose keep hanging on respectively by the selfing combination in the water body of independent, the no xenogenesis sperm interference of into draining and carry out selfing; From mating to posting seedling, grow seedlings and growing cultured pearls; The offspring of every female freshwater mussel all independently cultivates, and is sent to 3 different breeding fields behind the slotting pearl and cultivates separately.
3 during production is grown cultured pearls, and it is the seed selection critical period that slotting pearl operation early stage and pearl are formed two stages of later stage, and small pieces freshwater mussel and pearl culturing clam are carried out respectively preferably.
1) inserts pearl operation early stage: half freshwater mussel period in age; At this moment freshwater mussel body is about 6-8cm; Its shell appears translucent, and the shell look is consistent with inner casing look (being the nacre color), therefore; Directly optimize the little freshwater mussel of 10000 pieces of darkviolets according to the shell look in this stage, the method can be more fast, more convenient and optimize the purple strain hyriopsis cumingii more accurately.Then, from the little freshwater mussel of purple that optimizes, optimize 5000 pieces of bodies again and expand, pachyhymenia, color of shell is fresh and tender glossy, and closed shell flesh is strong, and the water spray ability is strong, and the freshwater mussel of closing shell rapidly after frightened is as the small pieces freshwater mussel.The small pieces freshwater mussel that optimizes keeps a part and continues to cultivate as the seed selection parent except a part is used for inserting the pearl operation, further improves the purity of small pieces freshwater mussel quality and purple strain nacre hydriopsis cumingii.
2) pearl is formed the later stage: pearl that pearl culturing clam is educated is carried out color, quality and output sample investigation; Optimize 1000 freshwater mussels that the pearl color is dark, quality is high and output is high; And then optimize from these freshwater mussels that 200 individualities are big, freshwater mussel that shell broad and nacre color are darkviolet is as close freshwater mussel; Proceed seed selection, further improve the purity of pearl culturing clam quality and purple strain nacre hydriopsis cumingii.
Innovative point of the present invention:
(1) parent's selection
A. set up hydriopsis cumingii experiment and observed the cold shock method: adopt the cold shock method that hydriopsis cumingii was placed on the ice cube about 30 minutes before the experiment, experimental implementation slowly rises to the pond temperature with hydriopsis cumingii after finishing, and puts back to the pond.
B. set up Margarita matter color live body authenticate technology: insert gently with cracker between two shells of hydriopsis cumingii; Strut the bivalve at leisure; The about 0.8-1.0cm of openings of sizes; Dialled outer embrane marginal membrane gently with dialling the gill plate again, dialled 0.2-0.3cm and got final product, adopted odontoscope to observe the nacre color after having dialled near posterior adductor muscle; Still be purple if the nacre color of observed marginal membrane below is purple and the nacre color of using identical method to observe the outer embrane marginal membrane below of hydriopsis cumingii ventral margin medium position, then select the seed selection parent of this freshwater mussel as purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii.
(2) foundation of selection
The cultivation of a. little freshwater mussel: the male and female parent that will choose makes up in the water body that keeps hanging on no xenogenesis sperm interference by selfing and carries out selfing, all independently cultivates to posting seedling, grow seedlings and growing cultured pearls from mating;
B. get rid of environmental factor and disturb, cultivate pearl culturing clam: the offspring of every female freshwater mussel all is sent to 3 different breeding fields and cultivates separately after inserting pearl.
C. the seed selection stage is definite: during production was grown cultured pearls, it was the seed selection critical period that slotting pearl operation early stage and pearl are formed two stages of later stage, and small pieces freshwater mussel and pearl culturing clam are carried out respectively preferably.
More than show and described basic principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; The present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; That describes in the foregoing description and the specification just explains principle of the present invention; The present invention also has various changes and modifications under the prerequisite that does not break away from spirit and scope of the invention, and these variations and improvement all fall in the scope of the invention that requires protection.The present invention requires protection domain to be defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (4)
1. the method for artificially breeding of a purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) selection of close freshwater mussel: adopt hydriopsis cumingii cold shock method; Use observational technique in the odontoscope biological living; Not damaged, Margarita matter color live body authenticate technology have fast and accurately been set up; Be used for the evaluation of purple nacre hydriopsis cumingii, combine the hydriopsis cumingii character screening parent freshwater mussel of growing cultured pearls then;
(2) little freshwater mussel breeds: the male and female parent that will choose makes up in the water body that keeps hanging on no xenogenesis sperm interference by selfing and carries out selfing, all independently cultivates to posting seedling, grow seedlings and growing cultured pearls from mating;
(3) pearl culturing clam is cultivated: the offspring of every female freshwater mussel is sent to a plurality of plants and cultivates separately after inserting pearl;
(4) purple nacre hydriopsis cumingii strain breeding: according to the pearl culturing clam characteristic of growing, confirming to insert pearl operation early stage and pearl, to form two stages of later stage be the seed selection critical period, and small pieces freshwater mussel and pearl culturing clam are carried out respectively preferably;
Said Margarita matter color live body authenticate technology is to insert gently between two shells of hydriopsis cumingii with cracker; Strut the bivalve at leisure; The about 0.8-1.0cm of openings of sizes has dialled the outer embrane marginal membrane near posterior adductor muscle with dialling the gill plate more gently, has dialled 0.2-0.3cm; Adopt odontoscope to observe the nacre color; Viewed color near posterior adductor muscle outer embrane marginal membrane below nacre is a purple, and the nacre color of the outer embrane marginal membrane of ventral margin medium position below still is a purple simultaneously, could select the seed selection parent of this freshwater mussel as purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii.
2. the method for artificially breeding of a kind of purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Hydriopsis cumingii cold shock method described in the step (1) is before the experiment hydriopsis cumingii to be placed on the ice cube 30-35 minute, makes hydriopsis cumingii get into the cold shock state, after experimental implementation finishes; Hydriopsis cumingii is slowly risen to the pond temperature, put back to the pond.
3. the method for artificially breeding of a kind of purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii according to claim 1 is characterized in that, inserts pearl operation early stage described in the step (4) the small pieces freshwater mussel was carried out preferably for half freshwater mussel period in age; The freshwater mussel body is about 6-8cm, and its shell appears translucent, and the shell look is consistent with the inner casing look; The little freshwater mussel that directly optimizes 10000 pieces of purples according to the shell look in this stage optimizes 5000 pieces of bodies again and expands pachyhymenia then from the little freshwater mussel of purple that optimizes; Color of shell is fresh and tender glossy; Closed shell flesh is strong, and the water spray ability is strong, and the freshwater mussel of closing shell rapidly after frightened is as the small pieces freshwater mussel; The small pieces freshwater mussel that optimizes keeps a part and continues to cultivate as the seed selection parent except a part is used for inserting the pearl operation, further improves the purity of small pieces freshwater mussel quality and purple strain nacre hydriopsis cumingii.
4. the method for artificially breeding of a kind of purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Pearl described in the step (4) is formed the later stage and pearl culturing clam is preferably referred to pearl that pearl culturing clam is educated is carried out color, quality and output sample investigation; Optimize 1000 freshwater mussels that the pearl color is dark, quality is high and output is high; And then optimize from these freshwater mussels that 200 individualities are big, freshwater mussel that shell broad and nacre color are darkviolet is as close freshwater mussel, proceeds seed selection, further improves the purity of pearl culturing clam quality and purple strain nacre hydriopsis cumingii.
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| CN103478025B (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2014-12-17 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Cultivating method of hyriopsis cumingii with golden yellow shell |
| CN103478028B (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2015-02-25 | 金华职业技术学院 | Directional cultivation method of white or purple fresh water pearl |
| CN103960189B (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2016-08-24 | 谢秉文 | The propagation method of the selected and masking freshwater mussel of hydriopsis cumingii natural color kind freshwater mussel |
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| CN100546466C (en) * | 2005-05-25 | 2009-10-07 | 上海水产大学 | A kind of hydriopsis cumingii and Chidie clam distant hybrid breeding method |
| CN101632345B (en) * | 2008-07-22 | 2011-12-14 | 上海海洋大学 | Method for establishing cultured hyriopsis cumingii families and selecting improved varieties |
| CN101438689A (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2009-05-27 | 大连水产学院 | Seed production method of two shell color lines of Mactra chinensis |
| CN101491222B (en) * | 2009-03-03 | 2011-05-04 | 湖南文理学院 | Constitution and seed selection method of fresh-water Unio douglasiae family |
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