CN103960189B - The propagation method of the selected and masking freshwater mussel of hydriopsis cumingii natural color kind freshwater mussel - Google Patents
The propagation method of the selected and masking freshwater mussel of hydriopsis cumingii natural color kind freshwater mussel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the propagation method of the selected and masking freshwater mussel of a kind of hydriopsis cumingii natural color kind freshwater mussel, including step be: the selected rare single outstanding kind of shell color is kind of a freshwater mussel from numerous hydriopsis cumingiis；Planting freshwater mussel takes a point pond isolation to support temporarily by different color and lusters, is strictly on guard against that the most homochromy kind of freshwater mussel property hybridizes；Choosing seeds early spring then freshwater mussel, late spring parasitism is collected seedling, is brought up then, and the autumn can obtain the masking freshwater mussel for colored pearl cultivation then；Current each pure color freshwater mussel is rare, needs how to choose, but hydriopsis cumingii reproductive capacity is extremely strong, often selects 100 to become freshwater mussel can breed more than 1,000,000 little freshwater mussels, therefore enough large-scale production application.In order to produce in batches, excellent color is seedless and nucleated pearl provides condition in this invention.The present invention is for adapting to international market colored pearl demand, improves China mussel pearl and is worth, and for protection hydriopsis cumingii excellent color single variety, will not become extinct because natural colour mixture freshwater mussel sexual intercourse is joined.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fresh water colored pearl cultural technique field, particularly relate to the propagation method of the selected and masking freshwater mussel of a kind of hydriopsis cumingii natural color kind freshwater mussel.
Background technology
The method grown cultured pearls is need to be with the big freshwater mussel of cultured pearls and take the little freshwater mussel of film, the marginal membrane small pieces taking the little freshwater mussel of film are stripped, it is inoculated in cultured pearls big freshwater mussel outer embrane connective tissue and can be bred as without nucleus pearl, as with the mantle piece inoculation of marginal membrane exocuticle patch shell position, being bred as and the Margarita of this shell position identical color and luster of shell color.China currently produces the hydriopsis cumingii used by mussel pearl, and in its shell, table color and luster has purple, gold, Huang, silvery white, the multiple color and luster such as pure white, produces in natural environment neutrality copulation and mixes shell color freshwater mussel, and existing single color freshwater mussel is rare.In colour mixture freshwater mussel is a freshwater mussel mesochite, table leading edge color is shallow to trailing edge gradually color depth, and color and luster is the most dramatically different.
Colored pearl commercially occupies critical role, different opinion is still had at present about the fresh water colored pearl origin cause of formation, have water quality contain different metal formed says, long quality is said when cultivate, a freshwater mussel difference shell color position takes film incubation colors Margarita and says etc., for the cultivation of colored pearl, there is a small amount of report with in preliminary examination the most in theory.To colored pearl cultivation practice, only have and produce purple Margarita and the report of a freshwater mussel all golden pearl material object specimen that 100% depth is slightly different, have no concrete operation method explanation, this report be initially select from many ground cultured pearls freshwater mussel purple pearl many for kind of a freshwater mussel, colored freshwater mussel kind is selected again from Poyang Lake, the natural hydriopsis cumingii of Dongting Lake, it is bred as above-mentioned Margarita through 10 years breeding sides of three generations from year to year, has no batch production colored pearl report, also take long.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that present invention mainly solves is to provide the propagation method of the selected and masking freshwater mussel of a kind of hydriopsis cumingii natural color kind freshwater mussel, and the method is that the colored pearl of the applicable international market of batch production creates conditions, and breeds its little freshwater mussel for the colored freshwater mussel kind of cultivation.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical scheme that the present invention uses is: provides the propagation method of the selected and masking freshwater mussel of a kind of hydriopsis cumingii natural color kind freshwater mussel, including step is:
(1) freshwater mussel of selected single shell color freshwater mussel is become to be kind of a freshwater mussel from numerous hydriopsis cumingiis；
(2) described kind of freshwater mussel takes a point pond isolation to support temporarily by the most homochromy, prevents the most homochromy kind of freshwater mussel property hybridization；
(3) choosing seeds early spring then freshwater mussel, described kind of freshwater mussel parasitism is collected seedling, is brought up by late spring then, and the autumn can obtain the masking freshwater mussel for colored pearl cultivation then.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described in step (1), refining process is for open described hydriopsis cumingii faucal, the described width opened is less than or equal to 1 centimetre, then concha Anodonta seu Cristaria marginal membrane is dialled shrinking away from theshell edge, and in selection shell, table color and luster is that the freshwater mussel of required shell color is for planting a freshwater mussel.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described hydriopsis cumingii is cultured pearls freshwater mussel, standby freshwater mussel or natural freshwater mussel.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (1), when the shell color needing freshwater mussel is darkviolet freshwater mussel, choosing shell color is the most dark purple or that leading edge color is shallow freshwater mussel, and shell color is that the freshwater mussel that first half edge white, later half is pale purple is abandoned；When the shell color needing freshwater mussel is proof gold color freshwater mussel, choosing shell color is micro-red flavous freshwater mussel, and shell color is that flaxen freshwater mussel is abandoned；When the shell color needing freshwater mussel is silvery white freshwater mussel, choosing shell color is that comprehensive silvery white has the freshwater mussel of photoreaction, trailing edge pale purple or the freshwater mussel of light red person, and shell color is to be mixed with freshwater mussel red, yellow, rediance to abandon；When the shell color needing freshwater mussel is salmon pink freshwater mussel, choosing shell color is comprehensive salmon pink, or the freshwater mussel that leading edge is light red, trailing edge is purplish red, and shell color is that the freshwater mussel of front rim half white is abandoned；When the shell color needing freshwater mussel is pink freshwater mussel, selecting shell color is the most pink or leading edge rose pink, and shell color is that the freshwater mussel of first half white is abandoned；Choose shell color when being micro-rose-red white freshwater mussel, choose in silvery white freshwater mussel.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the propagation method of the selected and masking freshwater mussel of the hydriopsis cumingii natural color kind freshwater mussel of the present invention, need to inoculate, with colored masking freshwater mussel mantle piece, the principle that can be bred as according to producing colored pearl, produce high-quality masking freshwater mussel and need to have excellent color triangle sail freshwater mussel kind freshwater mussel breeding, first have to mix the rare single color freshwater mussel of middle searching from natural color freshwater mussel color and luster set about, the colored pearl kind of selected applicable international market needs, make small pieces inoculation with its colored masking freshwater mussel of breeding to grow cultured pearls and succeed, now can be bred as approximating the dark purple pearl color of Polynesia black Hai Zhu, can be with Indonesia, the fresh water proof gold color pearl color that Australia marine products gold pearl matches in excellence or beauty, micro-rose-red white that the marine products that can match in excellence or beauty are rare and the distinctive graceful salmon pink of fresh water, rediance and silvery white etc. Margarita.
Detailed description of the invention
Technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, all other embodiments that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under not making creative work premise, broadly fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
The propagation method of the selected and masking freshwater mussel of a kind of hydriopsis cumingii natural color kind freshwater mussel is provided:
1, instrument: gag, faucal plug, group lamina membranacea sheet.
2, candidate freshwater mussel: require 3 ages more than, more than 14 centimetres, hull shape width and circle drum, do not select the thin and original species of shape length.
3, operational approach
(1) primary election: take film and select freshwater mussel, left hand holds concha Anodonta seu Cristaria ventral margin upwards, the right hand holds gag Zhang Houduan faucal about 1 centimetre (must not exceed), faucal is to sunlight, change left hand and hold gag, the right hand is held and is dialled lamina membranacea sheet and dial a trailing edge and be allowed to disengage shell edge, checks at this, in shell, whether table color and luster is required shell color immediately, and has and then choose as selected standby freshwater mussel compared with high light reaction.
(2) selected: qualified for primary election freshwater mussel ventral margin to be upwards placed on inoculation operation bracket, open faucal 0.8 centimetre with gag and fix with shell plug, dial one marginal membrane of shell with group lamina membranacea sheet and be allowed to edge and dial shrinking away from theshell edge comprehensively and check table color and luster in shell immediately.
Specific requirement is: a darkviolet freshwater mussel: require the most dark purple, and slightly color is shallow also can be selected for for leading edge, but meets first half white, and later half edge pale purple person abandon；B: proof gold color freshwater mussel: require micro-red golden yellow person, meets faint yellow person and abandons；C: silvery white freshwater mussel: require that comprehensive silvery white has photoreaction person, trailing edge is pale purple or light red person also can be selected for, but is mixed with abandoning of red, yellow, rediance；D: salmon pink freshwater mussel；Requiring comprehensive salmon pink, but leading edge is light red, trailing edge is purplish red also can be used, and before meeting, rim half white abandons；E: pink freshwater mussel: requires the most pink but leading edge slightly weaker pink still can with but white the abandoning of first half；F: micro-rose-red white freshwater mussel: because extremely rareness the most carefully can be selected in choosing silvery white freshwater mussel.In the most selected shell, table color and luster answers front and rear edge close, and person as dramatically different in color and luster disables.
All marginal membranes being reversed from shell edge can paste back in situ next day the most automatically, and not damaged can just grow life.Freshwater mussel survival rate 100% after the most selected, selected qualified freshwater mussel, by shell color is different and the time-division supports in backwater stand-by, often selects 100 big shapes male and female freshwater mussel (by 9 to 1) can breed little freshwater mussel more than million, it is desirable to the most selected, is strictly on guard against that defective freshwater mussel is mixed into.
(3) requirement is supported temporarily
All middle seed selection freshwater mussels should divide little Chi isolation to support temporarily by different color and lusters, and little Chi is 1-2 mu size, the depth of water about 1 meter, and each storage pond, holding pond is at a distance of slightly far also can be selected for.Homochromy male and female are raised together with hanging culture and are hung underwater 30 centimeters, storage pond, holding pond not water flowing mutually, must not flow into by river, early, vitality is extremely strong, can survive a few hours in water for freshwater mussel spermioteleosis, the most homochromy freshwater mussel sperm enters pond, and the breeding work of pure color freshwater mussel can be made the most unsuccessfully should to handle with great care.Each storage pond, holding pond not water flowing mutually in described isolation temporary rearing process, river must not flow into.
(4) propagation method summary
Breeding pond structural element: a: Phyllostachys pubescens Mazei ex H.de Lebaie built, asphalt felt cloth paulin, breeding pond is built without cement with red room brick and is surrounded 1.2 square metres of some little Chi of subquadrate, the high 3 pieces of bricks of pool side, with thick polyethylene thick film comprehensive cloth lid (intaking into the little freshwater mussel of breeding the most simply with pond), every two row little Chi longitudinally set thick polyethylene membrane tube (flattening specification wide 18 centimetres), water aperture is discharged into sharpening bamboo chopsticks to passing two by every 2 centimetres after one ligation water inlet, spirt is relative to two ponds respectively, require that every pond can have far and near water spray to make water uniformly exchange and not stay dead angle, pond base fabric sets the 2 little silts of cm thick, and (little silt can soil pick-up, without damage children freshwater mussel of feeling out every day during breeding management).
B: breeding pond number every paulin 50-100 is advisable, foundation requirement is relatively flat, go up most, ground, lowermost position is high to be less than 20 centimetres and need to be higher than lower water level and less than upper water level 30 centimetres, should there be several mu of big cisterns breeding upstream, pond, abundant water, water cleaning, use upper water must be continued, forbid to use overfertilization water, draining at the bottom of river course downstream water or reservoir dam is (even if several kilometers of outer reservoir drainages are the most unavailable, in case reproductive failure) straight-through breeding pond water inlet sets 40-50 square metre of secondary cistern again, require that height pond, the end shallow (can separately dig and build) sunlight directly shines raising water temperature and laggard paulin makes breeding water heat children's freshwater mussel Fast Growth.All little Chi should keep away direct sunlight in case pond bottom growth moss causes a large amount of children freshwater mussel dead.
Management main points after hook Jie's parasitized larvae and de-Seedling:
Plant the primary ripe bosom feritilization of ovum of freshwater mussel becoming hook Jie larva need to parasitize parasitic fish is that host can develop into freshwater mussel Seedling, the young freshwater mussel of one-tenth at the bottom of pond under disengaging host.But it was fish molds before May, cotton mould parasitism is done evil season, now buy the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco for parasitic hook Jie larva the most infected, front major part is not used to die of illness, therefore initial stage bosom ovum as without autotrophy without hinder Pelteobagrus fulvidraco should abandon be allowed to head into fish and criticize the miscarriage of female freshwater mussel, mould stopped can entering when parasitism is done evil fish to fish molds in June is cotton and post Seedling and operate.Ghost operation should divide basin to carry out by the most homochromy freshwater mussel, point pond nursery, and branch mailbox is brought up, it is to avoid it is time-consuming that the most homochromy little freshwater mussel mixes sorting, the washed Carnis Anodonta seu crislaria of chopping of the feeding before and after Pelteobagrus fulvidraco parasitism hook Jie larva, it is to avoid use live chickens Ovum Anas domestica.Because Pelteobagrus fulvidraco gill raker is closely-spaced greatly, pollute of waste causes little freshwater mussel survival rate low at the bottom of pond more, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco must rinse gill leaf mucus by clean water before facing parasitism and dirt otherwise affects and posts Seedling rate, every fish can drop Seedling fish 20 tail in the parasitic every pond of 5-6000 hook Jie larva, the breeding little freshwater mussel of 2-3 ten thousand is advisable, cross poor growth at most, children freshwater mussel becomes shell appearance up to 1 centimetre time substantially to occur that shell color is wherein mixed with about 1% variegated or light color freshwater mussel, should reject need not, it is more difficult that little freshwater mussel length to shell face cutin when 2 centimetres thickens the gradually dark color separation of shell color, the special net cage of polyethylene putting into case low laying pond bed mud by every 200 when should only reach after the sorting of little freshwater mussel keeps hanging, to length in late fall to 5-7 centimetre, i.e. can be used for colour to grow cultured pearls the little freshwater mussel of masking sheet.Undesirable little freshwater mussel as numerous in the spring is not enough, and same methods carries out Qiu Fan, but female freshwater mussel in autumn bosom ovum is only about 30%.
Though the present invention has the possibility that close relative's sexual intercourse is joined, but is the most definitely to have inbrde possibility in 2nd generation copulation, significantly occur population deterioration, the bodily form diminish, weak and sickly etc. the peculiar bad physiological phenomenon of inbred., that reason is probably hydriopsis cumingii happiness is gregarious, is bad to walk about, only in the range of ten several square metres, dwell life in the end in life, and in natural environment, close relative's essence ovum copulation pregnancy chance is many, belongs to adaptability ecology normal phenomenon, such as Monopterus albus (Zuiew) male and female body change shifting etc..Hydriopsis cumingii belongs to rudimentary Mollusca, original more than vertebrate immune mechanism, and growing cultured pearls operation belongs to variant cell tissue transplantation, and close relative arranges commutation as slightly more than distant relative, therefore it is normal to grow cultured pearls.
Method selection-breeding success rate in the present invention is high, and required time is short, freshwater mussel of choosing seeds early spring then, late spring parasitism is collected seedling and is brought up little freshwater mussel then, and the autumn can be formed each pure color in batches and be taken the little freshwater mussel of film then, can be used for colored pearl inoculation cultivation etc. then, method is simple, consistent, can bring out multiple color bead.
The value of Margarita color is that Margarita colour is liked acquiredhelpless feeling by people for hundreds of years, the Margarita color that the current valency that people like in the world is high, there are micro-rose-red Flos persicae white, micro-white, black containing various in riotous profusion colors, the silvery white of glittering light, proof gold color etc., be all nature growth color and luster Margarita, thus artificial cultivation Margarita colour all can not depart from and need to be along the color and luster that centuries people like.Any innovation color and luster Margarita is bright the reddest, grass green, Dracocephalum moldabium, pitch-dark etc., can be considered as all that by welcome, valency is not low for dyeing, irradiation or false pearl.Even if manually innovating the special color of grace formed really, still can not liked.As being intended to be liked getting the nod by people, be necessary for through several years or many decades advertising induce one like and approve, because of can not force people like specify pearl color Margarita.
Although hydriopsis cumingii single color freshwater mussel is rare, in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, the ground preliminary surveys such as Anhui obtain darkviolet freshwater mussel and account for the 0-2% of total quantity, proof gold color freshwater mussel accounts for the 0-1% of total quantity, silvery white freshwater mussel accounts for the 0-3% of total quantity, salmon pink freshwater mussel accounts for the 0-2% of total quantity, pink freshwater mussel accounts for the 0-3% of total quantity, the white freshwater mussel of micro-rose-red accounts for the 0-0.1% of total quantity, but hydriopsis cumingii reproductive capacity is extremely strong, 100 are often selected to become freshwater mussel can breed more than 1,000,000 little freshwater mussels, therefore a large amount of colored little freshwater mussel of masking can be produced, for producing in batches graceful colored seedless and core pearl can be had to create conditions.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every equivalent structure utilizing description of the invention content to be made or equivalence flow process conversion; or directly or indirectly it is used in other relevant technical field, the most in like manner it is included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. the propagation method of the selected and masking freshwater mussel of a hydriopsis cumingii natural color kind freshwater mussel, it is characterised in that include that step is
:
(1) becoming the freshwater mussel of selected single shell color freshwater mussel to be kind of a freshwater mussel from numerous hydriopsis cumingiis, when the shell color needing freshwater mussel is darkviolet freshwater mussel, choosing shell color is the most dark purple or that leading edge color is shallow freshwater mussel, and shell color is that the freshwater mussel that first half edge white, later half is pale purple is abandoned；When the shell color needing freshwater mussel is proof gold color freshwater mussel, choosing shell color is micro-red flavous freshwater mussel, and shell color is that flaxen freshwater mussel is abandoned；When the shell color needing freshwater mussel is silvery white freshwater mussel, choosing shell color is that comprehensive silvery white has the freshwater mussel of photoreaction, trailing edge pale purple or the freshwater mussel of light red person, and shell color is to be mixed with freshwater mussel red, yellow, rediance to abandon；When the shell color needing freshwater mussel is salmon pink freshwater mussel, choosing shell color is comprehensive salmon pink, or the freshwater mussel that leading edge is light red, trailing edge is purplish red, and shell color is that the freshwater mussel of front rim half white is abandoned；When the shell color needing freshwater mussel is pink freshwater mussel, selecting shell color is the most pink or leading edge rose pink, and shell color is that the freshwater mussel of first half white is abandoned；Choose shell color when being micro-rose-red white freshwater mussel, choose in silvery white freshwater mussel；
Described refining process for described hydriopsis cumingii faucal is opened, described in the width that opens for less than or equal to 1 centimetre, then concha Anodonta seu Cristaria marginal membrane is dialled shrinking away from theshell edge, the freshwater mussel selecting table color and luster in shell to be required shell color is kind of a freshwater mussel；
(2) described kind of freshwater mussel takes a point pond isolation to support temporarily by the most homochromy, prevents the most homochromy kind of freshwater mussel property hybridization；
(3) choosing seeds early spring then freshwater mussel, described kind of freshwater mussel parasitism is collected seedling, is brought up by late spring then, and the autumn can obtain the masking freshwater mussel for colored pearl cultivation then.
The propagation method of the selected and masking freshwater mussel of hydriopsis cumingii natural color kind freshwater mussel the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described hydriopsis cumingii becomes freshwater mussel to be cultured pearls freshwater mussel, standby freshwater mussel or natural freshwater mussel.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101861839A (en) * | 2010-04-29 | 2010-10-20 | 上海海洋大学 | Method for artificially breeding purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii |
| CN103210860A (en) * | 2013-04-08 | 2013-07-24 | 诸暨博师珍珠业生产力促进中心有限公司 | Method for culturing fresh water colored pearls |
| CN103478028A (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2014-01-01 | 金华职业技术学院 | Directional cultivation method of white or purple fresh water pearl |
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| KR970058541U (en) * | 1996-04-17 | 1997-11-10 | 장영재 | Sink drain trap |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101861839A (en) * | 2010-04-29 | 2010-10-20 | 上海海洋大学 | Method for artificially breeding purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii |
| CN103210860A (en) * | 2013-04-08 | 2013-07-24 | 诸暨博师珍珠业生产力促进中心有限公司 | Method for culturing fresh water colored pearls |
| CN103478028A (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2014-01-01 | 金华职业技术学院 | Directional cultivation method of white or purple fresh water pearl |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 三角帆蚌外套膜无核珍珠颜色形成机制的育珠实验;张根芳 等;《中国动物学会·中国海洋湖沼学会贝类学分会第九次会员代表大会暨第十五次学术讨论会会议摘要集 》;20111231;第152-153页 * |
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