CN113331097A - Artificial seedling raising method for nacre - Google Patents
Artificial seedling raising method for nacre Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000029052 metamorphosis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 41
- 241000206751 Chrysophyceae Species 0.000 claims description 23
- 210000002149 gonad Anatomy 0.000 claims description 22
- 241000196316 Tetraselmis subcordiformis Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000195649 Chlorella <Chlorellales> Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000490567 Pinctada Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000003736 gastrointestinal content Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000009027 insemination Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000199914 Dinophyceae Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001501873 Isochrysis galbana Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002224 dissection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000009108 Chlorella vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007089 Chlorella vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000208341 Hedera Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000026109 gonad development Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 241001212699 Pinctada martensii Species 0.000 abstract description 26
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000011049 pearl Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 241001490476 Pinctada maxima Species 0.000 description 7
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241001464019 Pinctada margaritifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001464055 Pteriidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial breeding method of pinctada martensii, which comprises the steps of breeding water treatment, parent shellfish selection, fertilized egg acquisition, larva breeding, larva collector throwing and the like, provides relatively stable environmental conditions for the growth and development of the larva and the young seedling by controlling the illumination intensity, the water changing frequency and the bait throwing amount, and improves the survival rate and the metamorphosis rate of the larva. The seedling raising method provided by the invention has the advantages that the seedling raising success rate is obviously improved, the production cost is low, the method is easy to popularize and apply in seawater pearl shellfish artificial seedling raising production enterprises, and the social benefit and the economic benefit are obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an artificial seedling raising method for nacre.
Background
Pinctada margaritifera (Pinctada margaritifera) also called Pinctada maxima, belongs to the phylum mollusca, class bivalves, order Heterocyliales, family Pteriidae, genus Pinctada, and is an ideal mother shell for culturing black Nanyang pearls. The black pearl cultivated by the nacre is from light gray to dark black, the luster is unique, the black basic tone is accompanied with various colorful colors, and the black pearl can be slowly rotated to see the continuously changing rainbow flash, so that people can see a mysterious visual feeling, which is called as the dream pearl. The French belongs to the Borisia is the largest base for producing the black pearls in the world, the yield value of the cultured black pearls accounts for more than 95% of the total yield value of the black pearls in the world, and the culture areas are mainly positioned in social islands, Ganbier islands and Tuamotu islands.
The domestic pearl oyster cultivation technical research begins in the 70 th 20 th century, has more than 50 years of history up to now, but still has the problems of low survival rate of cultivation in a seedling sea area, low nucleus-cultivation, nucleus-retention and pearl-formation rate of pearl-cultivating oysters. The survival rate of the nacre seedlings cultured in the sea area to the adult nacre suitable for the nucleus planting operation specification is lower than 0.1 percent, and the large-scale culture of the nacre is seriously influenced. China is a large consumption country of black south ocean pearls, but the black pearls cannot be cultured by industrially culturing nacre so far, so that the consumption of the black pearls still depends on import. In order to break through the technical bottleneck of nacre breeding as early as possible, a new nacre seedling large-scale breeding technical method is urgently needed to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides the artificial seedling raising method for the nacre, which can improve the success rate of the artificial seedling raising of the nacre, reduce the production cost and improve the economic benefit, the social benefit and the ecological benefit of the artificial seedling raising of the nacre.
Therefore, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an artificial seedling raising method for nacre comprises the following steps:
(1) treating seedling culture water: extracting natural seawater from the sand filtering well, filtering with a primary fine sand layer or a secondary fine sand layer, and then disinfecting with a chlorine-containing disinfectant;
(2) selecting parent shellfish: selecting healthy nacre with mature gonad development as parent nacre;
(3) obtaining fertilized eggs: performing artificial insemination on the parent shellfish to obtain fertilized eggs;
(4) larva breeding: controlling proper illumination intensity, water changing frequency and bait feeding amount of the nursery pond to cultivate larvae;
(5) and (3) putting the seedling picking device: and putting a seedling collector when more than 30% of larvae have pigment spots, and carrying out cultivation management on metamorphosis attached seedlings according to a conventional pearl oyster seedling cultivation method.
Preferably, the fine sand used in the primary or secondary fine sand layer in the step (1) has a particle size of less than 0.1mm and a thickness of 80-100 cm.
Preferably, the parent shell in step (2) is selected from Pinctada maxima with 2-3 ages and 10-13cm high shell, and the nacreous layer in the shell is bright iridescent color, wherein the gonad appearance of male Pinctada maxima is milky white or orange red, and the gonad appearance of female Pinctada maxima is yellow or yellowish.
Preferably, the artificial insemination method in the step (3) comprises artificially inducing the parent shellfish of the nacre to discharge sperm and lay eggs or artificially dissecting to obtain sperm and eggs and then performing insemination.
Preferably, the illumination intensity of the seedling raising pool in the step (4) is 150-300 Lx.
Preferably, the water changing frequency of the step (4) is as follows: fertilized eggs firstly develop D-shaped larvae, and water is changed once when more than 70% of the D-shaped larvae develop into shell top initial-stage larvae, wherein the water change amount is 20-30% of the total water amount; and then, water is changed once when more than 70 percent of the initial larvae on the shell top develop into creeping larvae, wherein the water change amount is 20-30 percent of the total water amount.
Preferably, the method for controlling the bait feeding amount in the step (4) comprises the following steps: 8 in the morning: 00-10: 00 one time of bait casting, wherein more than 80 percent of the stomach content of the individual accounts for more than 80 percent of the volume of the stomach when the bait casting amount is observed 2 hours after the bait casting.
Preferably, the bait comprises: the bait for the D-shaped larvae to the initial larval stage of the shell top is dinoflagellate such as Hedera glabrata or Isochrysis galbana, and active yeast is fed when the supply of the dinoflagellate is insufficient; feeding the bait from the initial larva of the shell top to the larva creeping stage by mixing with Platymonas subcordiformis, Chrysophyta and Chlorella; the bait after the larvae are attached and metamorphosed is mixed and fed by the Platymonas subcordiformis and the chlorella vulgaris.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the seedling culture method provided by the invention has the advantages that the natural seawater is extracted from the sand filter well and filtered through the secondary fine sand layer, so that the microorganisms in the water body are effectively removed. If the sea area has poor environmental conditions, the micro organisms in the water body can be killed by the conventional chlorine-containing disinfectant after being filtered by the fine sand layer, and the cleanness of the water for seedling culture is ensured by the treatment of the seawater. The times of feeding and the quantity of the fed are controlled, and the stability of the seedling quality is further kept. By controlling the illumination intensity, the growth and the propagation of the bait organisms in the seedling raising pond are controlled, and the dark light condition is kept, which is similar to the natural growth condition of the larva and the young seedling of the nacre in the sea area, and is beneficial to the growth and the development of the young seedling of the nacre.
(2) The seedling raising method provided by the invention only changes water for 2 times within 20-30 days from the fertilized egg hatching to the D-shaped larva stage to the creeping larva stage. In the invention, two stages with the highest larva death rate of the nacre are selected to change water, the first stage is a stage in which the D-shaped larva is transformed into the larva at the early stage of the shell top, about 80 percent of the larva can not be transformed normally to die, at the moment, a conventional method is adopted to change 20 to 30 percent of water body at the bottom layer of the nursery pond, the dead larva is sucked out of the nursery pond, and the environment of the nursery pond is kept clean; and the second time, the larvae at the early stage of the shell top are cultivated to the stage of creeping larvae, about 50-70% of the larvae can not be transformed and attached to become the shellfish seedlings, and at the moment, water is changed to suck the dead larvae, residual bait attached to the bottom of the pond, larva excrement and other pollutants out of the seedling pond. Compared with the traditional seedling culture method of changing water 2-3 times per day, the method greatly reduces the water change cost, simultaneously keeps the relative stability of the water environment and reduces the water consumption for seedling culture.
(3) The main cost of artificial breeding of pearl shellfish is pumping water and culturing bait organisms. Therefore, the method for artificially breeding the nacre seedlings by adopting the technology has the advantages of high seedling breeding success rate, low production cost and good popularization and application prospect.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated in detail by the following examples, which are provided only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
An artificial seedling raising method for nacre comprises the following steps:
(1) extracting natural seawater from a sand filter well according to a conventional method, and filtering the seawater through a secondary fine sand layer, wherein the particle size of fine sand is less than 0.1mm, and the thickness of the fine sand layer is 80 cm;
(2) selecting Pinctada martensii with age of 2 and shell height of 10cm, wherein the nacreous layer in the shell is bright iridescent, the Pinctada martensii with mature gonad is used as parent Pinctada martensii, the gonad appearance of male Pinctada martensii is milky white, and the gonad appearance of female Pinctada martensii is yellow;
(3) artificially inducing the parent shells of the nacre to discharge sperms and lay eggs by adopting a conventional method to obtain fertilized eggs;
(4) the seedling raising pond keeps the illumination intensity at 150 Lx;
feeding bait for the fertilized eggs until the fertilized eggs develop to the D-shaped larvae the next day, wherein the bait is fed for 3 times (8:00-9:00, 16:00-17:00, 20:00-21:00) every day, and the bait feeding amount is preferably that more than 80% of the stomach contents of the individual accounts for more than 80% of the stomach volume within 2 hours after the bait feeding; using the conventional bait for breeding the shellfish, wherein the bait for the larva D to the larva at the early stage of the shell top is golden algae, and feeding active yeast when the supply of the golden algae is insufficient; feeding the bait of the larvae from the initial stage of the shell top to the larva creeping stage by mixing with Platymonas subcordiformis, Chrysophyta and Chlorella; feeding mixed feed of Platymonas subcordiformis and Chlorella after settlement and metamorphosis of larvae;
changing water for 2 times every day after feeding of the larvae, wherein the water changing amount is 30-50%;
(5) and putting the seedling collector when 50% of larvae have pigment spots, and carrying out cultivation management on the attached abnormal seedlings according to a conventional pearl oyster seedling cultivation method.
Example 2
An artificial seedling raising method for nacre comprises the following steps:
(1) extracting natural seawater from a sand filter well according to a conventional method, and filtering the seawater through a secondary fine sand layer, wherein the particle size of fine sand is less than 0.1mm, and the thickness of the fine sand layer is 80 cm;
(2) selecting Pinctada martensii with age of 2 and shell height of 10cm, wherein the nacreous layer in the shell is bright iridescent, the Pinctada martensii with mature gonad is used as parent Pinctada martensii, the gonad appearance of male Pinctada martensii is milky white, and the gonad appearance of female Pinctada martensii is yellow;
(3) artificially inducing the parent shells of the nacre to discharge sperms and lay eggs by adopting a conventional method to obtain fertilized eggs;
(4) the seedling raising pond keeps the illumination intensity at 200 Lx;
feeding bait for the fertilized eggs until the fertilized eggs develop to the D-shaped larvae the next day, wherein the bait is fed for 3 times (8:00-9:00, 16:00-17:00, 20:00-21:00) every day, and the bait feeding amount is preferably that more than 80% of the stomach contents of the individual accounts for more than 80% of the stomach volume within 2 hours after the bait feeding; using the conventional bait for breeding the shellfish, wherein the bait for the larva D to the larva at the early stage of the shell top is golden algae, and feeding active yeast when the supply of the golden algae is insufficient; feeding the bait of the larvae from the initial stage of the shell top to the larva creeping stage by mixing with Platymonas subcordiformis, Chrysophyta and Chlorella; feeding mixed feed of Platymonas subcordiformis and Chlorella after settlement and metamorphosis of larvae;
changing water for 2 times every day after feeding of the larvae, wherein the water changing amount is 30-50%;
(5) and putting the seedling collector when 50% of larvae have pigment spots, and carrying out cultivation management on the attached abnormal seedlings according to a conventional pearl oyster seedling cultivation method.
Example 3
An artificial seedling raising method for nacre comprises the following steps:
(1) extracting natural seawater from a sand filter well according to a conventional method, and filtering the seawater through a secondary fine sand layer, wherein the particle size of fine sand is less than 0.1mm, and the thickness of the fine sand layer is 80 cm;
(2) selecting Pinctada martensii with age of 2 and shell height of 10cm, wherein the nacreous layer in the shell is bright iridescent, the Pinctada martensii with mature gonad is used as parent Pinctada martensii, the gonad appearance of male Pinctada martensii is milky white, and the gonad appearance of female Pinctada martensii is yellow;
(3) artificially inducing the parent shells of the nacre to discharge sperms and lay eggs by adopting a conventional method to obtain fertilized eggs;
(4) the seedling raising pond keeps the illumination intensity at 250 Lx;
feeding bait for the fertilized eggs until the fertilized eggs develop to the D-shaped larvae the next day, wherein the bait is fed for 3 times (8:00-9:00, 16:00-17:00, 20:00-21:00) every day, and the bait feeding amount is preferably that more than 80% of the stomach contents of the individual accounts for more than 80% of the stomach volume within 2 hours after the bait feeding; using the conventional bait for breeding the shellfish, wherein the bait for the larva D to the larva at the early stage of the shell top is golden algae, and feeding active yeast when the supply of the golden algae is insufficient; feeding the bait of the larvae from the initial stage of the shell top to the larva creeping stage by mixing with Platymonas subcordiformis, Chrysophyta and Chlorella; feeding mixed feed of Platymonas subcordiformis and Chlorella after settlement and metamorphosis of larvae;
changing water for 2 times every day after feeding of the larvae, wherein the water changing amount is 30-50%;
(5) and putting the seedling collector when 50% of larvae have pigment spots, and carrying out cultivation management on the attached abnormal seedlings according to a conventional pearl oyster seedling cultivation method.
Example 4
An artificial seedling raising method for nacre comprises the following steps:
(1) extracting natural seawater from a sand filter well according to a conventional method, and filtering the seawater through a secondary fine sand layer, wherein the particle size of fine sand is less than 0.1mm, and the thickness of the fine sand layer is 80 cm;
(2) selecting Pinctada martensii with age of 2 and shell height of 10cm, wherein the nacreous layer in the shell is bright iridescent, the Pinctada martensii with mature gonad is used as parent Pinctada martensii, the gonad appearance of male Pinctada martensii is milky white, and the gonad appearance of female Pinctada martensii is yellow;
(3) artificially inducing the parent shells of the nacre to discharge sperms and lay eggs by adopting a conventional method to obtain fertilized eggs;
(4) the seedling raising pond keeps the illumination intensity at 300 Lx;
feeding bait for the fertilized eggs until the fertilized eggs develop to the D-shaped larvae the next day, wherein the bait is fed for 3 times (8:00-9:00, 16:00-17:00, 20:00-21:00) every day, and the bait feeding amount is preferably that more than 80% of the stomach contents of the individual accounts for more than 80% of the stomach volume within 2 hours after the bait feeding; using the conventional bait for breeding the shellfish, wherein the bait for the larva D to the larva at the early stage of the shell top is golden algae, and feeding active yeast when the supply of the golden algae is insufficient; feeding the bait of the larvae from the initial stage of the shell top to the larva creeping stage by mixing with Platymonas subcordiformis, Chrysophyta and Chlorella; feeding mixed feed of Platymonas subcordiformis and Chlorella after settlement and metamorphosis of larvae;
changing water for 2 times every day after feeding of the larvae, wherein the water changing amount is 30-50%;
(5) and putting the seedling collector when 50% of larvae have pigment spots, and carrying out cultivation management on the attached abnormal seedlings according to a conventional pearl oyster seedling cultivation method.
Example 5
(1) Treating seedling culture water: extracting natural seawater from a sand filter well according to a conventional method, and filtering the seawater through a secondary fine sand layer, wherein the particle size of fine sand is less than 0.1mm, and the thickness of the fine sand layer is 100 cm;
(2) selecting parent shellfish: selecting Pinctada maxima with age of 2.5, height of 12cm, bright iridescent nacreous layer in shell, making parent Pinctada maxima with mature gonad, making male gonad orange, and female yellowish;
(3) obtaining fertilized eggs: artificial dissection is carried out by adopting a conventional method to obtain sperms and eggs for insemination so as to obtain fertilized eggs;
(4) larva breeding: the minimum value of the illumination intensity of the seedling raising pond in a cloudy day is 700Lx, and the maximum value in a sunny day is 1300 Lx;
feeding bait for the fertilized eggs until the fertilized eggs develop to the D-shaped larvae the next day, wherein the bait is fed for 3 times (8:00-9:00, 16:00-17:00, 20:00-21:00) every day, and the bait feeding amount is preferably that more than 80% of the stomach contents of the individual accounts for more than 80% of the stomach volume within 2 hours after the bait feeding; using the conventional bait for breeding the shellfish, wherein the bait for the larva D to the larva at the early stage of the shell top is golden algae, and feeding active yeast when the supply of the golden algae is insufficient; feeding the bait of the larvae from the initial stage of the shell top to the larva creeping stage by mixing with Platymonas subcordiformis, Chrysophyta and Chlorella; feeding mixed feed of Platymonas subcordiformis and Chlorella after settlement and metamorphosis of larvae;
changing water once when more than 75% of the D-shaped larvae grow to be larvae at the early stage of the shell top, wherein the water changing amount is 20%; changing water once when more than 75% of the larvae grow to creeping larvae at the initial stage of the shell top, wherein the water changing amount is 20%;
(5) and (3) putting the seedling picking device: and putting a seedling collector when 50% of larvae have pigment spots, and carrying out cultivation management on the attached abnormal seedlings according to a conventional pearl oyster seedling cultivation method.
Example 6
(1) Treating seedling culture water: extracting natural seawater from sand filter wells by conventional method, filtering with fine sand layer, and sterilizing with chlorine-containing disinfectant, wherein the fine sand particle diameter is less than 0.1mm, and the fine sand layer thickness is 85 cm;
(2) selecting parent shellfish: selecting Pinctada maxima with age of 3, height of shell of 13cm, bright iridescent nacreous layer in shell as parent shell, wherein the male gonad is milky white and female is light yellow;
(3) obtaining fertilized eggs: artificially inducing the parent shells of the nacre to discharge sperms and lay eggs by adopting a conventional method to obtain fertilized eggs;
(4) larva breeding: the minimum value of the illumination intensity of the seedling raising pond in a cloudy day is 700Lx, and the maximum value in a sunny day is 1300 Lx;
9 parts per day: 00 feeding once, wherein the feeding amount is preferably that more than 80 percent of the stomach content of the individual accounts for more than 80 percent of the stomach volume when observed for 2 hours after feeding; using the conventional bait for breeding the shellfish, wherein the bait for the larva D to the initial larva stage of the shell top is dinoflagellate such as Zhanjiang, and feeding active yeast when the supply of the dinoflagellate is insufficient; feeding the bait of the larvae from the initial stage of the shell top to the larva creeping stage by mixing with Platymonas subcordiformis, Chrysophyta and Chlorella; feeding mixed feed of Platymonas subcordiformis and Chlorella after settlement and metamorphosis of larvae;
changing water for 2 times every day after feeding of the larvae, wherein the water changing amount is 30-50%;
(5) and (3) putting the seedling picking device: and putting a seedling collector when 50% of larvae have pigment spots, and carrying out cultivation management on the attached abnormal seedlings according to a conventional pearl oyster seedling cultivation method.
Example 7
(1) Treating seedling culture water: extracting natural seawater from a sand filter well according to a conventional method, filtering the seawater by a fine sand layer for the first time, and then performing disinfection treatment by using a chlorine-containing disinfectant, wherein the particle size of the fine sand is less than 0.1mm, and the thickness of the fine sand layer is 90 cm;
(2) selecting parent shellfish: selecting healthy nacre with the age of 3, the shell height of 13cm and bright iridescent pearl layer in the shell as parent nacre, wherein the appearance of male gonad is orange red and female is faint yellow;
(3) obtaining fertilized eggs: artificial dissection is carried out by adopting a conventional method to obtain sperms and eggs for insemination so as to obtain fertilized eggs;
(4) larva breeding: the illumination intensity of the seedling raising pool is 200 Lx;
10 parts per day: 00 feeding once, wherein the feeding amount is preferably that more than 80 percent of the stomach content of the individual accounts for more than 80 percent of the stomach volume when observed for 2 hours after feeding; using conventional baits for breeding the shellfish, wherein the baits of the D-shaped larvae to the initial larvae stage of the shell top are isochrysis galbana, and feeding active yeast when the supply of the chrysophyceae is insufficient; feeding the bait of the larvae from the initial stage of the shell top to the larva creeping stage by mixing with Platymonas subcordiformis, Chrysophyta and Chlorella; feeding mixed feed of Platymonas subcordiformis and Chlorella after settlement and metamorphosis of larvae;
changing water once when more than 90% of the D-shaped larvae grow to be larvae at the early stage of the shell top, wherein the water changing amount is 20%; changing water once when more than 90% of the larvae grow to creeping larvae at the initial stage of the shell top, wherein the water changing amount is 20%;
(5) and (3) putting the seedling picking device: and putting a seedling collector when 50% of larvae have pigment spots, and carrying out cultivation management on the attached abnormal seedlings according to a conventional pearl oyster seedling cultivation method.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 2 is that the light intensity in the nursery pond was set to 350 Lx.
Comparative example 2
The method for culturing the pearl shell seedlings by adopting the traditional pearl shell artificial seedling culturing method comprises the following steps:
(1) extracting natural seawater from a sand filter well according to a conventional method, filtering the seawater by a fine sand layer for seedling production, wherein the particle size of the fine sand is less than 0.1mm, and the thickness of the fine sand layer is 100 cm;
(2) selecting Pinctada martensii with age of 3 and shell height of 13cm, wherein healthy Pinctada martensii with bright rainbow color in the shell is used as parent Pinctada martensii, the gonad appearance of male Pinctada martensii is milky white, and the gonad appearance of female Pinctada martensii is light yellow;
(3) artificially inducing parent shellfish to perform spermatozoa and lay eggs by adopting a conventional method, and then performing natural fertilization to obtain fertilized eggs;
(4) the minimum value of the illumination intensity of the seedling raising pond in a cloudy day is 700Lx, and the maximum value in a sunny day is 1300 Lx;
feeding bait for the fertilized eggs until the fertilized eggs develop to the D-shaped larvae the next day, wherein the bait is fed for 3 times (8:00-9:00, 16:00-17:00, 20:00-21:00) every day, and the bait feeding amount is preferably that more than 80% of the stomach contents of the individual accounts for more than 80% of the stomach volume within 2 hours after the bait feeding; using the conventional bait for breeding the shellfish, wherein the bait for the larva D to the larva at the early stage of the shell top is golden algae, and feeding active yeast when the supply of the golden algae is insufficient; feeding the bait of the larvae from the initial stage of the shell top to the larva creeping stage by mixing with Platymonas subcordiformis, Chrysophyta and Chlorella; feeding mixed feed of Platymonas subcordiformis and Chlorella after settlement and metamorphosis of larvae;
changing water for 2 times every day after feeding of the larvae, wherein the water changing amount is 30-50%;
(5) and putting a seedling collector when more than 30% of larvae have pigment spots, and carrying out cultivation management on the attached abnormal seedlings according to a conventional pearl oyster seedling cultivation method.
The seedling raising effects of the different seedling raising methods of the above examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were compared, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 seedling raising effect of different seedling raising methods for nacre
As can be seen from the seedling raising effects of examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 2 in Table 1, the success rate of seedling raising and the amount of emergence per unit of water can be improved by changing the light intensity, the water change frequency and the bait feeding amount, particularly, in example 7, the light intensity, the water change frequency and the bait feeding amount are controlled at the same time, the success rate of seedling raising is 100%, and the amount of emergence per unit of water is 16 ten thousand/m3. The seedling raising success rate and the amount of the seedlings emerging per unit water body are different by controlling and changing at least one of the light intensity, the water changing frequency and the bait feeding amount, wherein the light intensity has a larger influence on the seedling raising success rate, and the seedling raising success rate of examples 1-4 is higher than that of examples 5 and 6. Especially, when the illumination intensity is 200Lx, the seedling raising success rate is higher.
Therefore, compared with the traditional pearl shellfish artificial breeding method, the method for controlling the illumination intensity, the water changing frequency and the bait feeding amount to carry out pearl shellfish artificial breeding can obviously improve the success rate of pearl shellfish artificial breeding and the seedling emergence amount of a unit water body. Therefore, the seedling raising technology has good application prospect.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. An artificial seedling raising method for nacre is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) treating seedling culture water: extracting natural seawater from the sand filtering well, filtering with a primary fine sand layer or a secondary fine sand layer, and then disinfecting with a chlorine-containing disinfectant;
(2) selecting parent shellfish: selecting male and female nacre which grows healthy and has mature gonad development as parent nacre;
(3) obtaining fertilized eggs: performing artificial insemination on the parent shellfish to obtain fertilized eggs;
(4) larva breeding: controlling proper illumination intensity, water changing frequency and bait feeding amount of the nursery pond to cultivate larvae;
(5) and (3) putting the seedling picking device: and putting a seedling collector when more than 30% of larvae have pigment spots, and carrying out cultivation management on metamorphosis attached seedlings according to a conventional pearl oyster seedling cultivation method.
2. The artificial seedling raising method for nacre as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grain size of the fine sand used in the primary or secondary fine sand layer in the step (1) is less than 0.1mm, and the thickness of the fine sand layer is 80-100 cm.
3. The method for artificially culturing the seedlings of the nacre as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parent nacre in the step (2) is selected from nacre with the age of 2-3 and the height of 10-13cm, the nacre layer in the nacre layer is bright iridescent color, the gonad appearance of male nacre is milky white or orange red, and the gonad appearance of female nacre is yellow or yellowish.
4. The artificial breeding method of nacre as claimed in claim 1, wherein the artificial insemination method in step (3) comprises artificial induction of oviposition of nacre parent conch spermium or artificial dissection after obtaining sperms and eggs and then insemination.
5. The artificial seedling raising method for nacre as claimed in claim 1, wherein the illumination intensity of the seedling raising pool in the step (4) is 150-300 Lx.
6. The artificial seedling raising method for nacre as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water changing frequency in the step (4) is as follows: fertilized eggs firstly develop D-shaped larvae, and water is changed once when more than 70% of the D-shaped larvae develop into shell top initial-stage larvae, wherein the water change amount is 20-30% of the total water amount; and then, water is changed once when more than 70 percent of the initial larvae on the shell top develop into creeping larvae, wherein the water change amount is 20-30 percent of the total water amount.
7. The artificial seedling raising method for nacre as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for controlling the feeding amount in the step (4) comprises the following steps: 8 in the morning: 00-10: 00 one time of bait casting, wherein more than 80 percent of the stomach content of the individual accounts for more than 80 percent of the volume of the stomach when the bait casting amount is observed 2 hours after the bait casting.
8. The artificial seedling raising method for nacre as claimed in claim 7, wherein the bait comprises: the bait for the D-shaped larvae to the initial larval stage of the shell top is dinoflagellate such as Hedera glabrata or Isochrysis galbana, and active yeast is fed when the supply of the dinoflagellate is insufficient; feeding the bait from the initial larva of the shell top to the larva creeping stage by mixing with Platymonas subcordiformis, Chrysophyta and Chlorella; the bait after the larvae are attached and metamorphosed is mixed and fed by the Platymonas subcordiformis and the chlorella vulgaris.
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| CN114600808A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-06-10 | 广东海洋大学 | Parent nacre pond ripening cultivation method |
| CN114747519A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-07-15 | 广东海洋大学 | Method for culturing pearl in seawater pearl shell |
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