CN114600808A - Parent nacre pond ripening cultivation method - Google Patents
Parent nacre pond ripening cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114600808A CN114600808A CN202210424611.3A CN202210424611A CN114600808A CN 114600808 A CN114600808 A CN 114600808A CN 202210424611 A CN202210424611 A CN 202210424611A CN 114600808 A CN114600808 A CN 114600808A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/40—Culture of aquatic animals of annelids, e.g. lugworms or Eunice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for accelerating maturity of parent nacre in a pond, which comprises the steps of culture pond selection, pond disinfection and water fertilization, culture raft erection, accelerating maturity of parent nacre and the like, wherein penaeus monodon, sandworm and striped flounder are cultured in the culture pond, so that the planktonic algae phase of the culture pond and the environment of the pond are regulated and kept relatively stable, sufficient nutrition supply is provided for gonad development of the parent nacre, and ulva is cultured on the raft surface where the parent nacre is cultured, so that a dim light environment and an environment for increasing dissolved oxygen are provided for gonad development of the parent nacre; the method for artificially promoting the maturity of the parent pearl oyster of the pearl oyster is adopted for artificial breeding of the parent pearl oyster, the gonad development speed of the parent pearl oyster is high, the maturity is high, the larva used for artificial breeding and incubation has high growth speed, high survival rate and high metamorphosis rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a pinctada maxima parent shellfish pond ripening acceleration cultivation method.
Background
The research of the Chinese nacre breeding technology begins in the 70 th 20 th century and has been for more than 50 years so far, but the problem of low breeding survival rate of young seedling in sea areas still exists. The survival rate of the nacre seedlings cultured in the sea area to the adult nacre suitable for the nucleus planting operation specification is lower than 5%, and the industrial culture of the nacre is seriously influenced.
The success or failure of the shellfish artificial breeding is mainly determined by the factors of suitable parent shellfish, bait, water quality, larva breeding technology and the like, wherein the suitable parent shellfish has the greatest influence on the artificial breeding, and the breeding work can not be carried out without the mature parent shellfish. At present, the large-scale breeding of nacre does not exist in China, and parent nacre is mostly collected from natural sea areas. The parent nacre collected from the sea area usually has only a few gonads, and the parent nacre can grow mature only after being hung in the sea area for a long time, and the parent nacre can not grow mature or even die when the environment of the sea area is poor, so that the normal operation of seedling culture is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a peripond ripening cultivation method for parent nacre of nacre, aiming at the problems that the gonad development maturity of the nacre collected in a sea area is low and the seedling can not be planned, and the method can promote the gonad development maturity of the parent nacre of nacre quickly and improve the utilization rate of the parent nacre and the success rate of seedling.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for accelerating the maturation of parent nacre in a pond comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) selecting a culture pond: selecting an enclosed pond with water inlet and outlet facilities as a culture place;
(2) disinfecting the enclosed pond and fertilizing water: sterilizing and fertilizing water in a culture pond, then putting flatfish fries with striped lines, putting sandworms after 3-5 days, putting penaeus monodon fries after 2-3 days, not feeding artificial feed within 20-25 days after the penaeus monodon fries are put, allowing the penaeus monodon fries to ingest rotifers, daphnia, copepods and cladocera in a water body, and feeding artificial feed by half of the feeding amount of the flatfish fries with striped lines and the penaeus monodon 20-25 days;
(3) erecting the cultivation raft: erecting a casuarina equisetifolia wood row in the middle of the enclosed pond;
(4) and (3) mature-promoting cultivation of nacre: selecting healthy nacre with strong luster on the inner surface of the shell as parent nacre, washing, transferring to the raft erected in the step (3) for hanging culture, and adjusting the feed amount of the flounder and the penaeus monodon or changing water to adjust the content of the unicellular algae in the culture pond to be within a set range.
Preferably, the size of the culture pond in the step (1) is 100-200 mu, and the depth is 4.0-5.0 m.
Preferably, the length of the fry of the striped flounder put in the step (2) is 5-8cm, and the putting amount is 200 and 300 fries per mu; the sandworms have the weight of 5-8 g per strip and 8-12 sandworms are thrown per square meter; the length of the penaeus monodon seedlings is 1.2-1.5cm, and the putting amount is 2000-3000 leaves per mu.
Preferably, the cultivation raft in the step (3) consists of casuarina equisetifolia wood piles with the length of 7-9 meters and battens stretching between the wood piles, the pile distance is 4-5 meters, the row distance is 1.2-1.5 meters, ulva is cultivated on the water surface below the raft, the ulva can shield strong direct solar light in the daytime, oxygen is released through photosynthesis, water body nutrient salt is consumed, and a good cultivation environment is provided for the gonad development of parent shells of the nacre.
Preferably, the color of the pearl layer on the inner surface of the shell of the parent shell of the healthy nacre in the step (4) is any one of peacock green, green and dark black, the culture density of the parent shell in the culture pond is 700-.
Preferably, the concentration of said unicellular algae is set to 2.5-3.5 ten thousand cells/mL.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the main technical measures for the parent shellfish artificial ripening cultivation of the pearl shellfish are feeding high-quality single-cell bait and increasing the cultivation water temperature. However, the mass culture of high-quality unicellular algae bait needs special bait culture facilities and technical personnel, and needs large cost investment, and the technical and equipment requirements of mass culture of unicellular algae are difficult to meet in a common seedling raising field. The method forms a relatively stable ecological environment by breeding the flounder moseri, the sandworm and the penaeus monodon in the pond in a matching way. The method is characterized in that the phytophagous character of the flounder moseri is utilized to eat macroalgae and attached algae in the water body, the adhesive diatom at the bottom layer of the water body is eaten by sandworms, and the feeding character of shrimp larvae zooplankton is utilized to eat zooplankton such as rotifer, daphnia, copepods and cladocera in the water body, so that the concentration of the plankton algae in the culture pond is kept relatively stable. Abundant planktonic algae in the pond are high-quality food of the nacre, the gonad development and maturity of the parent nacre of the nacre can be promoted, planned seedling and planned cultivation are achieved, the favorable conditions in the sea area are fully utilized, and the growth and development of the nacre seedlings are promoted. Under normal conditions, the parent nacre can be cultivated by properly changing water, and the operation is simple and easy.
(2) The nacre is attached to the rock or coral reef as byssus to live, perches in 10-40 m deep water, and ingests planktonic diatom and other micro organisms. The nacre lives in a weak environment illumination, low water temperature and low biological abundance of the bait, so that the gonads usually develop slowly or even cannot mature. According to the invention, the ulva is cultured on the water surface below the raft cultured by the parent shell of the pinctada martensii, the ulva can shield strong direct solar light in the daytime, and the illumination of the vast space around the raft is strong, so that the mass propagation of floating algae can be promoted; and secondly, the ulva lactuca releases oxygen through photosynthesis, consumes nutrient salts in a water body, and provides a good cultivation environment for the gonad development of the parent shells of the nacre.
(3) Parent shellfish is hung on the cultivation raft, thereby avoiding the sea area floating raft and the extension rope cultivation in the prior art from fluctuating with tide and shaking caused by sea wave impact. Moreover, the seawater specific gravity, temperature and bait biological abundance of the culture pond are stable, attached organisms are few, the shell cleaning is not needed, and the mechanical damage and the harmful influence on the parent shell cleaning of the nacre caused by the shell cleaning operation are reduced.
(4) The invention selects the nacre with the color of peacock green, green and dark black on the inner surface of the shell as the parent shell, the cultured seedling is cultured into the big shell for nucleus planting and pearl culture, and the cultured black pearl is mostly peacock green, green and dark black and is the black pearl with the highest price at present.
Therefore, the method can provide an environment with weak illumination, high dissolved oxygen content and rich bait for the gonad development of the nacre, the parent nacre can grow mature after the sexual gland is cultured for 7-15 days, the parent nacre can be hung and cultured in a pond when the seedling is needed, and the parent nacre after spermiation and oviposition can be matured again for artificial seedling culture after the maturing culture is carried out for 7-10 days, so that the utilization rate of the parent nacre is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated in detail by the following examples, which are provided only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A parent nacre shellfish pond ripening method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a culture pond: selecting a culture pond with water inlet and drainage facilities, an area of 100 mu and a water depth of 5 m;
(2) disinfecting the enclosed pond and fertilizing water: performing pond disinfection and fertilizer water treatment according to a conventional method, putting 300 tail of 5 cm-length striped flounder fry (3 ten thousand in total) per mu, putting 12 sandworms with the weight of 5 g per square meter after 3 days, putting 3000 tail of 1.2 cm-length penaeus monodon fry (30 ten thousand in total) per mu of water after 2 days, not feeding artificial feed for the penaeus monodon fry within 20 days, feeding the penaeus monodon fry to rotifer, daphnia, copepods and cladocera in the water, and feeding the artificial feed for 20 days according to half of the bait feeding amount of the striped flounder and the penaeus monodon;
(3) erecting the cultivation raft: erecting a wood raft consisting of casuarina equisetifolia wood piles with the length of 9 meters and wood bars crossing between the wood piles in the middle of the pond, wherein the pile spacing is 5 meters, and the row spacing is 1.5 meters; ulva is cultured on the water surface below the raft, the ulva can shield strong direct solar light in the daytime, oxygen is released through ulva photosynthesis, and water body nutrient salt is consumed;
(4) and (3) mature-promoting cultivation of nacre: selecting healthy nacre with strong luster of the nacre layer on the inner surface of the shell and green peacock as parent shell, washing cleanly, moving to the raft hanging culture erected in the step (3), wherein the culture density of the parent shell is 1000 shells/mu, and the hanging culture water depth is 3.5 m; the concentration of the unicellular algae is 3.7 ten thousand cells/mL, the water is changed by 60cm, and the concentration of the unicellular algae is reduced to 2.8 ten thousand cells/mL.
Example 2
A method for accelerating the maturation of parent nacre in a pond comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a culture pond: selecting a culture pond with water inlet and drainage facilities, 150 mu of area and 4.5 m of water depth;
(2) disinfecting the enclosed pond and fertilizing water: performing pond disinfection fertilizer water treatment according to a conventional method, throwing 250 fish (total 3.75 ten thousand) of striped flounder fries with the body length of 6cm per mu, throwing 10 sandworms with the body weight of 6 g per square meter after 4 days, and throwing 2500 fish (total 37.5 ten thousand) of penaeus monodon fries with the body length of 1.3cm per mu after 3 days; feeding artificial feed to the penaeus monodon seedlings within 23 days after feeding, feeding the penaeus monodon seedlings to eat rotifers, daphnia, copepods and cladocerans in a water body, and feeding the artificial feed to the penaeus monodon seedlings in an amount which is half of the feeding amount of the flounder and the penaeus monodon after 23 days;
(3) erecting the cultivation raft: erecting a wood raft consisting of 8 m long casuarina equisetifolia wood piles and battens crossing between the wood piles in the middle of the pond, wherein the pile spacing is 4.5 m, and the row spacing is 1.4 m; the ulva is cultured on the water surface below the raft, the ulva can shield strong direct solar light in the daytime, oxygen is released through photosynthesis, and water body nutrient salt is consumed;
(4) and (3) accelerating maturity and cultivating of nacre: selecting healthy nacre shells with strong luster and green color on the inner surfaces of the shells as parent shells, washing the parent shells cleanly, transferring the parent shells to the raft hanging culture erected in the step (3), wherein the culture density of the parent shells is 800 per mu, and the hanging culture water depth is 3.3 m; the concentration of unicellular algae is 3.2 ten thousand cells/mL.
Example 3
A method for accelerating the maturation of parent nacre in a pond comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) selecting a culture pond: selecting a culture pond with water inlet and drainage facilities, 200 mu of area and 4 m of water depth;
(2) disinfecting the enclosed pond and fertilizing water: performing pond disinfection fertilizer water treatment according to a conventional method, throwing 200 fish fries of striped flounder with the body length of 8cm per mu (total 4 ten thousand), throwing 8 sandworms with the body weight of 8 g per square meter after 5 days, and throwing 2000 fish fries of penaeus monodon with the body length of 1.5cm per mu of water body after 3 days (total 40 ten thousand); feeding no artificial feed 25 days after the young penaeus monodon seedlings are fed, feeding the young penaeus monodon seedlings to eat rotifers, water fleas, copepods and cladocerans in the water body, and feeding the artificial feed 25 days later according to half of the feeding amount of the flatfish and the penaeus monodon;
(3) erecting the cultivation raft: erecting a raft consisting of 7 m long casuarina equisetifolia wooden piles and battens crossing between the wooden piles in the middle of the pond, wherein the pile spacing is 4 m, and the row spacing is 1.2 m; the ulva is cultured on the water surface below the raft, the ulva can shield strong direct solar light in the daytime, oxygen is released through photosynthesis, and water body nutrient salt is consumed;
(4) and (3) mature-promoting cultivation of nacre: selecting healthy nacre with strong luster and dark black color on the inner surface of the shell as parent shell, washing cleanly, moving to the raft hanging culture erected in the step (3), wherein the culture density of the parent shell is 700 per mu, and the hanging culture water depth is 3.0 m; the concentration of the single-cell algae is 2.3 ten thousand cells/mL, the feeding amount of the flatfish and the penaeus monodon is changed from half to full, and the concentration of the single-cell algae is 2.7 ten thousand cells/mL after 4 days.
Comparative example 1
Cleaning the parent pearl shells of the selected pearl shells, then placing the parent pearl shells into a cage, moving the parent pearl shells to a superior pearl shell culture sea area with small wind and wave, smooth water flow and rich bait organisms, namely, the foreign sea of the Sterculia subulosa county, Zhanjiang city, and carrying out hanging culture with the water depth of 3 m, and carrying out culture management according to a conventional pearl shell culture method.
The parent shellfish ripening-promoting effects of the above-described nacre of examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 were compared, and the results are shown in table 1.
As can be seen from the table 1, the maturation speed, maturation rate and spawning induction rate of the pond-accelerating culture of the parent bivalves of the nacre are all obviously higher than those of the sea-area maturation-accelerating culture, the larva development speed of the parent bivalves of the pond-accelerating culture is high, and the larva floating time is obviously shorter than that of the parent bivalves of the sea-area culture.
TABLE 1 parent nacre ripening effect of nacre
| Group of | Ripening method | Maturation time/day | Maturation Rate/% | Catalytic rate/% | Planktonic time/day of larva |
| Example 1 | Pond | 7 | 84.6 | 86.0 | 21 |
| Example 2 | Pond | 8 | 88.2 | 85.5 | 23 |
| Example 3 | Pond | 6 | 86.5 | 88.2 | 20 |
| Comparative example 1 | Sea area | 12-24 | 54.5-58.0 | 58.5-72.0 | 26-35 |
In conclusion, the parent nacre mature-promoting cultivation method can rapidly promote the gonad development and maturation of the parent nacre, plan seedling cultivation is achieved, the seedlings are cultivated in the sea according to plan, the time suitable for seedling cultivation in the sea area is fully utilized, seedling growth is promoted, and sufficient seedlings are provided for breaking through the technical bottleneck of low survival rate of the nacre sea area cultivation. And secondly, the invention can also carry out ripening cultivation on the parent scallops after the spermiation and the oviposition, and then the parent scallops are used for seedling production, so that the utilization rate of the parent scallops can be improved, and the mature parent scallops can be quickly obtained after the seedling failure for the seedling production again.
The method of the invention fully utilizes precious and scarce nacre parent shell resources, can provide qualified mature parent shells for nacre seedling production, provides sufficient seedlings for artificial breeding and proliferation and releasing of nacre, and has very good application and popularization values.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A parent nacre shellfish pond ripening method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting an enclosed pond with water inlet and outlet facilities as a culture place;
(2) disinfecting and fertilizing water treatment are carried out on the culture pond, then flatfish fries with striped lines are thrown in, sandworms are thrown in 3-5 days later, penaeus monodon fries are thrown in 2-3 days later, and artificial feed is thrown in 20-25 days later according to half of the conventional feed throwing amount of the striped flounders and the penaeus monodon;
(3) erecting a casuarina equisetifolia wood row in the middle of the enclosed pond;
(4) selecting healthy nacre with strong luster on the inner surface of the shell as parent nacre, washing, transferring to the raft erected in the step (3) for hanging culture, and adjusting the feeding amount of the striped flounder and the penaeus monodon and/or changing water to adjust the content of the unicellular algae in the culture pond to be within a set range.
2. The method for accelerating the maturity of the parent nacre of nacre in the pond of claim 1, wherein the area of the culture pond in the step (1) is 100-200 mu, and the depth is 4.0-5.0 m.
3. The parent nacre cage ripening cultivation method of nacre as claimed in claim 1, wherein the length of the fry of striped flounder put in step (2) is 5-8cm, and the amount of put in is 200-300 fries per mu; the sandworms have the weight of 5-8 g per strip and 8-12 sandworms are thrown per square meter; the length of the penaeus monodon seedlings is 1.2-1.5cm, and the putting amount is 2000-3000 leaves per mu.
4. The method for accelerating maturity of pinctada martensii parent shellfish in the pond according to claim 1, wherein the raft in the step (3) is composed of 7-9 m long casuarina equisetifolia pegs and battens spanning between the casuarina equisetifolia pegs, the peg pitch is 4-5 m, the row pitch is 1.2-1.5 m, and ulva lactuca is cultured on the water surface below the raft.
5. The method for accelerating the maturity of the parent nacre of the nacre in the pond according to claim 1, wherein the color of the nacre layer on the inner surface of the shell of the healthy nacre in the step (4) is any one of peacock green, green and dark black, the breeding density of the parent nacre in the breeding pond is 700-.
6. The method for accelerating the maturation of the parent nacre through the pond according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of unicellular algae in the step (4) is set to be 2.5-3.5 ten thousand cells/mL.
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