CN1826880A - Method for making seed of Pinctada martensii of red shell strain - Google Patents
Method for making seed of Pinctada martensii of red shell strain Download PDFInfo
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- CN1826880A CN1826880A CNA2006100349573A CN200610034957A CN1826880A CN 1826880 A CN1826880 A CN 1826880A CN A2006100349573 A CNA2006100349573 A CN A2006100349573A CN 200610034957 A CN200610034957 A CN 200610034957A CN 1826880 A CN1826880 A CN 1826880A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for producing Malpighian mother-of-pearl in red shell color, comprising the following steps: (1) seed preparing: choosing out one female and one male shell with apparent red shell color from bred family with high purity of shell color or from wild or breeding group, single mating and culturing with every single mating group; (2) expanding breeding: breeding for several generations with methods mentioned above, expanding breeding after the red shell proportion is over 90%, matching every single mated group for group mating or mating the female plant of single mated group with male plant from wild or breeding group. The seed of expanded breeding is used as cell shell and pearl-breeding shell for red shell pearl cultivation. The invention can prepare pearl of red shell color with relatively simple process, the purity of red shell is increased to 96% in maximum, and there is no need of external gene through trans-gene and other complicate technique, for which the product is safe for biology and environment.
Description
Technical field
The producing method for seed that to the present invention relates to a kind of red shell chromaticity be pteria martensii
Background technology
Studies show that individual all have certain correlation to the selection of shell color and its growing environment (comprising the temperature, salinity in waters etc.), geographical position and physiologic factor in process of growth.According to the research report to some shellfishes, shell look polymorphism is simple Mendelian inheritance, but whether the selection of shell look and growth traits, physiological trait and some economic characters have necessary relation, all do not have clear conclusions.
Pteria martensii (Pinctada martensii Dunker) is under the jurisdiction of Bivalvia, Pteriidae, Pinctada, is a kind of important sea water pearls cultivated shellfish, and its shell table is faint yellow, and several pitchy radiation lines are often arranged.Other shell table color is more rare.In the genetic breeding research process of pteria martensii, we find that a family shows than big-difference on the shell look, and shell table color is red, have significantly red radiation line, and the nacre outer rim takes on a red color, and this proterties can heredity.
The shell look of Japan pteria martensii Pinctada fucata martensii comprises redness, brown, yellow and brown, Wada K.T. etc. (1983,1990,1994,1996) find that white shellfish is very rare in wild and cultured population, once in some inbreeding populations, found albino.White shell look proterties might be controlled by recessive gene, and the pearl of its generation does not contain uranidin, as piece shell, is favourable for cultivating excellent pearl with albino, but the individual gross weight of white shell inbred line and survival rate are hybridized the individual gross weight and the survival rate of system far below white shell/brown shell.The shell look of bay scallop (Argopecten irradians Lamarck) can be stable heredity, be subjected to such environmental effects less (Kraeuter J.et al, 1984; Elek J.A.et al, 1985,1990; Adamkewicz L.et al, 1988), can cultivate the bay scallop new varieties of different shell looks in theory by directive breeding.Gary etc. (1980) are hybridized the different shell colo(u)r group of mussel Mytilus edulis body, in the research of the separation family that forms, find that there is the difference of suitable frequency in shell look polymorphism between two colonies, and brown individual between different groups than blue individual little 10-20%.But John etc. (2004) discover that to Pacific oyster its average individual weight, survival rate and growth rate proterties all do not have correlation with shell pigment and outer embrane edge pigment.
China according to the upgrowth situation of different shell colo(u)r group bodies, carries out directive breeding to bay scallop and haliotis discus hannai Ino quantitative character aspect the research of shellfish shell look, obtained the new lines that phenotype is clear and definite, proterties is good.Zhang etc. (2003,2005) be mark with the shell look, cultivated at present the bay scallop of different colours such as pure Chinese red, ater, pure purples, pure white, set up the breeding pattern of bay scallop " the compound selection of shell look-quantitative character and selfing-directive breeding-microcommunity balance ", cultivate " gulf, middle section Red sea scallop " new varieties, offspring individual more than 95% is orange shell look, survival rate improves 15%-20%, growth rate improves 10%-15%, dressing percentage increases more than 10%, and shell is thick also obviously to be increased.At forming stage, between the different shell looks of identical age in days, white family individuality is significantly greater than orange and purple individuality; High temperature 7, August, the survival rate of white family is the highest (because white shell absorbs photo-thermal lacking than the bulk absorption of orange purple, the environment of easier adaptation high temperature high light), concurrent present larval stage, do not exist mainly between the growth traits of bay scallop individuality and survival rate and the shell look and get in touch, may be because all have identical hereditary basis, but also be transparent do not possess the function of secretion pigment to shell at the larval stage individuality.Liu Xiao etc. (2003) adopt the mode of crossbreeding bred haliotis discus hannai Ino " Chinese red;; strain; the shell color base isozygotys because of reaching; set up 12 " Chinese red " compatriot or family half sibs; and carried out scale breeding, for the aquaculture industry of haliotis discus hannai Ino provides a good developing direction.At present, as yet not show shell chromaticity be the report of pteria martensii producing method for seed.
The content of invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide that a kind of obvious phenotypic character that has---red shell chromaticity is the producing method for seed of pteria martensii, this strain Becquerel is as cell piece shell or pearly shellfish, be different from common white or yellow pearl color to cultivate, make the diversification of pearl color, improve the purity of red shell look, reach as high as 96%, do not need to import foreign gene, so this product is to biological and not influence of Environmental security by complex technologys such as transgenosiss.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved in that the producing method for seed that a kind of red shell chromaticity is a pteria martensii, it comprises the following steps: (1) production of hybrid seeds successively: cultivate the kind shellfish with red shell look by single cross, promptly from the family (or in wild or cultured population) of the red shell look of the high-purity of having cultivated select the tangible male and female shellfish of red shell color characteristic each 1, carry out single cross, each single cross group is cultivated respectively; (2) expand numerous: cultivate several generations in the above described manner, its red shell ratio reaches 90% when above, begins to expand numerous production seedling: each single cross assembly is to carrying out mass mating, or the male flock-mate in female and the wild or cultured population of single cross group.
The seedling that expands numerous production is as cell piece shell or pearly shellfish, to cultivate red shell look pearl.
The production of hybrid seeds in described (1) comprises the following steps: successively
A. close shellfish is cultivated
From a red shell look family (in wild or cultured population), select red shell feature obviously, the fuller individuality of sexual gland, shellfish 1.5-2 in age age; Stored up 3-5 days in indoor, when water temperature is low, be warming up to 25 ℃ of cultivations, when water temperature reaches more than 25 ℃, carry out normal temperature and cultivate; During storing up, change water every day once, and the sufficient bait of throwing something and feeding, the physiological ripening state that further develops into of promotion sexual gland;
B. cut open to follow the example of and collect smart ovum and insemination
Single cross is adopted in insemination, draw smart ovum respectively in the beaker that fills filtering sea, the smart ovum of collecting is through silk cover filtering, remove impurity and fragment of tissue, and rapidly ovum is added in the flat glass container of the ammonia seawater that fills 0.005-0.007%, stopped 10 minutes, and add an amount of sperm then, and mixing was fertilized by it; Insemination is grown water temperature between 20 ℃-28 ℃; Change twice in water with the unnecessary sperm of flush away;
C. larva collects and cultivates
After treating a large amount of come-ups of larva, collect nursery pond with the siphonage larva that will float; The quantity of larva is controlled at 2～8/ml in the water body; First three day adopted the method that adds water, changes water with the core pulling and filling system that is with certain mesh size bolting silk later on, and quantity of exchanged water is the 1/3-1/2 of the total water body of nursery pond, and change water at least once every day; Each bait throwing in morning and afternoon once, the early stage larva chrysophyceae of throwing something and feeding; Enter the shell top initial stage, add the throwing flat algae; After metamorphosis was adhered to, bait was based on flat algae; Continuous charge during cultivation suspends inflation when changing water;
D. collect seedling
When pigment point appears in the larva that has 20～30% with microscopic examination, throw in sheet collector or netted collector; Collector is attached with a large amount of larvas and when also having a large amount of larvas to float in the nursery pond water body, the collector that adheres to seedling is transferred to another nursery pond cultivate, and carries out collecting seedling the second time and throw in collector in original nursery pond; After all larvas adhere to, (need tens days approximately), remove the bolting silk on the core pulling and filling system when changing water;
E. receive seedling, mariculture
When the individual length of seedling arrived 1.5-2.0mm, the seedling on the sheet collector cleaned with sponge or hand lightly, then an amount of seedling is put into one-level cage (about 60 orders), goes out the pond and plunges into the commercial sea; And netted collector is directly adorned cage to go to sea; Mariculture is carried out routinely, needs and the time-division cage, checks the shell excitation.
Expand the seedling of numerous production and grow cultured pearls as cell piece shell or pearly shellfish, growing cultured pearls refers to come nucleus insertion and pearl with this shellfish of cultivating for the cell piece shell.Its art pre-treatment, slotting nuclear technique, recuperation and pearl are formed identical with conventional method.Basic skills is:
1, the art pre-treatment of female shellfish
Adopt intensive low method of hanging, suppress gonadal growth and reduce its physiological function
2, make mantle piece
Generally select for use the well-grown shellfish about 1 age to make piece shell, take out pallial below, left and right sides free fraction, be placed on the glass plate, and the shape that dices.
3, insert nuclear
Sufficient base portion female shellfish is opened a kerf with the opening cutter on epidermis, pearl nuclear and small pieces are sent into notch, and the outer epithelium of small pieces is examined to pearl.
4, recuperation
Postoperative female shellfish hangs to be supported in the recuperation field, and the time is about one month.
5, grow cultured pearls and receive pearl
After the recuperation phase, pearly shellfish changed over to culture the sea area and carry out conventional pipe and support, generally need to culture and open shellfish after 12-18 month and receive pearl.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect are:
Can cultivate the strain of red shell look more simply by the present invention, and improve the purity of red shell look, reach as high as 96%, not need to import foreign gene, so this product is to biological and not influence of Environmental security by complex technologys such as transgenosiss.
Concrete embodiment
Further illustrate the present invention by embodiment, but be not construed as limiting the invention.
Embodiment 1.
(1) production of hybrid seeds
A. close shellfish is cultivated
From a family (cultured population) with red shell look, select red shell feature obviously, the fuller individuality of sexual gland, shellfish 2 ages of age; Stored up 5 days in indoor, water temperature reaches more than 25 ℃, carries out normal temperature and cultivates.During storing up, change water every day once, and the sufficient bait of throwing something and feeding, the physiological ripening state that further develops into of promotion sexual gland.
Smart ovum collecting and insemination
The collection of smart ovum is adopted to cut open and is followed the example of.Single cross is adopted in insemination, draws smart ovum respectively in the beaker that fills filtering sea, and the smart ovum of collection is removed impurity and fragment of tissue through silk cover filtering.And rapidly ovum is added in the flat glass container that fills 0.005% ammonia seawater, stopped 10 minutes, add an amount of sperm then, and mixing is fertilized by it.Insemination is grown water temperature at 26 ℃.Change twice in water with the unnecessary sperm of flush away.
Larva collects and cultivates
After treating a large amount of come-ups of larva, collect nursery pond with the siphonage larva that will float.The quantity of larva is controlled at 5-6/ml in the water body.First three day adopted the method that adds water, changes water with the core pulling and filling system that is with certain mesh size bolting silk later on, and quantity of exchanged water is 1/3 of the total water body of nursery pond, and change water at least once every day.Each bait throwing in morning and afternoon once, the early stage larva chrysophyceae of mainly throwing something and feeding; Enter the shell top initial stage, add the throwing flat algae; After metamorphosis was adhered to, bait was based on flat algae.Continuous charge when larva is cultivated suspends inflation when changing water.In incubation, should get some larvas every day the ingesting and growing state of test under microscope larva, with the feeding volume of timely grasp bait.
Collect seedling
When pigment point appears in the larva as 25% (by microscopic examination), throw in the sheet collector.(collector mainly contains two kinds, and a kind of is the sheet collector, promptly conspires to create with plastic sheet, and two kinds of redness and black are arranged, and black is better; Another kind is netted collector, is glue silk netting, light net, old fishnet of all size etc.)
After collector is thrown in, at any time observing larva adheres to dynamically, collector is attached with a large amount of larvas and the collector that adheres to seedling is transferred to another nursery pond when also having a large amount of larvas to float in the nursery pond water body and cultivate, and the input collector carries out collecting seedling the second time in original nursery pond.All larvas adhere to back (needing tens days approximately), remove the bolting silk on the core pulling and filling system when changing water.
Receive seedling, mariculture
Seedling is individual long to about 1.5-2.0mm, goes out the pond and plunges into the commercial sea.Seedling on the sheet collector cleans with sponge or hand lightly, then an amount of seedling is put into one-level cage (about 60 orders).(when adopting netted collector, general direct dress cage goes to sea.) mariculture carries out routinely, needs and the time-division cage, checks the shell excitation.
Embodiment 2.
Place: Shenzhen Daya Gulf, time: in October, 2004, cultivate several generations in embodiment 1 mode, its red shell ratio reaches 90% when above, and begin to expand numerous production seedling: each single cross assembly is to carrying out mass mating, get and have 4 of the female shellfishes of red shell, 4 of male shellfishes are cutd open to follow the example of and collect smart ovum, the ammonia Seawater Treatment ovum with 0.006% 10 minutes, add sperm then in 23 ℃ of inseminations down of water temperature, then change water twice with filtering sea.Conventional cultivation, the red shell ratio 80% of result.
Embodiment 3.
Place: Shenzhen Daya Gulf, time: in April, 2005, similar to Example 2, get and have 1 of the female shellfish of red shell, 1 of male shellfish is cutd open to follow the example of and collects smart ovum, ammonia Seawater Treatment ovum with 0.006% 10 minutes adds sperm then in 24 ℃ of inseminations down of water temperature, then changes water twice with filtering sea.Conventional cultivation, the red shell ratio 96% of result.
Embodiment 4
Place: Shenzhen Daya Gulf, time: in April, 2005, similar to Example 2, get and have 1 of the female shellfish of red shell, 1 of male shellfish is cutd open to follow the example of and collects smart ovum, ammonia Seawater Treatment ovum with 0.006% 10 minutes adds sperm then in 24 ℃ of inseminations down of water temperature, then changes water twice with filtering sea.Conventional cultivation, the red shell ratio 76% of result.
Embodiment 5.
Place: Shenzhen Daya Gulf, time: in April, 2005, get and have 1 of the female shellfish of red shell, male 1 of shellfish (non-red shell look) is cutd open to follow the example of and collects smart ovum, the ammonia Seawater Treatment ovum with 0.006% 10 minutes, add sperm then in 24 ℃ of inseminations down of water temperature, then change water twice with filtering sea.Conventional cultivation, the red shell ratio 89% of result.
Claims (2)
1. producing method for seed that red shell chromaticity is a pteria martensii, it comprises the following steps: (1) production of hybrid seeds successively: cultivate the kind shellfish with red shell look by single cross, promptly from the family of the red shell look of the high-purity of having cultivated select the tangible male and female shellfish of red shell color characteristic each 1, carry out single cross, each single cross group is cultivated respectively; (2) expand numerous: cultivate several generations in the above described manner, its red shell ratio reaches 90% when above, begins to expand numerous production seedling: each single cross assembly is to carrying out mass mating, or the male flock-mate in female and the wild or cultured population of single cross group.
2. the producing method for seed that is pteria martensii according to a kind of red shell chromaticity in (1) described in the claim 1 is characterized in that step (1) production of hybrid seeds comprises the following steps: successively
A. close shellfish is cultivated
From a family with red shell look select red shell feature obviously, the fuller individuality of sexual gland, shellfish 1.5-2 in age age; Stored up 3-5 days in indoor, when water temperature is low, be warming up to 25 ℃ of cultivations, when water temperature reaches more than 25 ℃, carry out normal temperature and cultivate; During storing up, change water every day once, and the sufficient bait of throwing something and feeding, the physiological ripening state that further develops into of promotion sexual gland;
B. cut open to follow the example of and collect smart ovum and insemination
Single cross is adopted in insemination, draw smart ovum respectively in the beaker that fills filtering sea, the smart ovum of collecting is through silk cover filtering, remove impurity and fragment of tissue, and rapidly ovum is added in the flat glass container of the ammonia seawater that fills 0.005-0.007%, stopped 10 minutes, and add an amount of sperm then, and mixing was fertilized by it; Insemination is grown water temperature between 20 ℃-28 ℃; Change twice in water with the unnecessary sperm of flush away;
C. larva collects and cultivates
After treating a large amount of come-ups of larva, collect nursery pond with the siphonage larva that will float; The quantity of larva is controlled at 2～8/ml in the water body; First three day adopted the method that adds water, changes water with the core pulling and filling system that is with certain mesh size bolting silk later on, and quantity of exchanged water is the 1/3-1/2 of the total water body of nursery pond, and change water at least once every day; Each bait throwing in morning and afternoon once, the early stage larva chrysophyceae of throwing something and feeding; Enter the shell top initial stage, add the throwing flat algae; After metamorphosis was adhered to, bait was based on flat algae; Continuous charge during cultivation suspends inflation when changing water;
D. collect seedling
When pigment point appears in the larva that has 20～30% with microscopic examination, throw in sheet collector or netted collector; Collector is attached with a large amount of larvas and when also having a large amount of larvas to float in the nursery pond water body, the collector that adheres to seedling is transferred to another nursery pond cultivate, and carries out collecting seedling the second time and throw in collector in original nursery pond; After all larvas adhere to, remove the bolting silk on the core pulling and filling system when changing water;
E. receive seedling, mariculture
When the individual length of seedling arrived 1.5-2.0mm, the seedling on the sheet collector cleaned with sponge or hand lightly, then an amount of seedling is put into the one-level cage, goes out the pond and plunges into the commercial sea; And netted collector is directly adorned cage to go to sea; Mariculture is carried out routinely, needs and the time-division cage, checks the shell excitation.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101341862B (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-12-15 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Fry production method for Chlamys nobilis with yellow shell |
| CN102090359A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2011-06-15 | 山东海益宝水产股份有限公司 | Artificial breeding production method of gomphina veneriformis |
| CN102499151A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2012-06-20 | 大连獐子岛渔业集团股份有限公司 | Breeding method of new high-yield stress-resistant red shell color scallop line |
| CN102948383A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-03-06 | 江苏省海洋水产研究所 | Method for purifying red shell color clam line |
| CN104957067A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-10-07 | 海南大学 | Young pinctada maxima breeding method and device |
| CN109362618A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2019-02-22 | 广西精工海洋科技有限公司 | A kind of pearl high quality seedling mating system |
| CN112586413A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-02 | 广东尊鼎珍珠有限公司 | Golden yellow seawater pearl cultivation method |
| CN113331097A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-03 | 广东海洋大学 | Artificial seedling raising method for nacre |
Family Cites Families (4)
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| FR2743075B1 (en) * | 1995-12-28 | 1998-03-27 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCES FROM NACRE, PRODUCTS OBTAINED, USEFUL IN PARTICULAR AS MEDICAMENTS |
| US5807554A (en) * | 1997-04-11 | 1998-09-15 | Yng-Wong; Quing Non | Herbal formulations with nacre |
| CN1181733C (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2004-12-29 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Artificially cultured triploid Hepu nacre and its pearl culturing method |
| US7062940B2 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2006-06-20 | Chi Huynh | Carved pearl |
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- 2006-04-12 CN CNB2006100349573A patent/CN100362912C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN101341862B (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-12-15 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Fry production method for Chlamys nobilis with yellow shell |
| CN102090359A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2011-06-15 | 山东海益宝水产股份有限公司 | Artificial breeding production method of gomphina veneriformis |
| CN102499151A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2012-06-20 | 大连獐子岛渔业集团股份有限公司 | Breeding method of new high-yield stress-resistant red shell color scallop line |
| CN102499151B (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2015-06-17 | 獐子岛集团股份有限公司 | Breeding method of new high-yield stress-resistant red shell color scallop line |
| CN102948383A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-03-06 | 江苏省海洋水产研究所 | Method for purifying red shell color clam line |
| CN104957067A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-10-07 | 海南大学 | Young pinctada maxima breeding method and device |
| CN109362618A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2019-02-22 | 广西精工海洋科技有限公司 | A kind of pearl high quality seedling mating system |
| CN112586413A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-02 | 广东尊鼎珍珠有限公司 | Golden yellow seawater pearl cultivation method |
| CN113331097A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-03 | 广东海洋大学 | Artificial seedling raising method for nacre |
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