CN1957687A - Artificial method for producing beauty clams with dorsal tubercles - Google Patents

Abstract

An artificial reproduction method for Beiliuli clam includes such steps as choosing excellent parent clams, culturing them in pool in hanging mode, taking ova, putting the host fish in the water in a tub, attaching the glochidiums onto host fish, culturing the host fish in culture pool until the young clams is separated from the host fish, culturing the young clams in water surface in hanging mode, and culturing in square crate in shallow water.

Description

Artificial method for producing beauty clams with dorsal tubercles

Technical field

The present invention relates to the artificial production method of bivalves, refer in particular to a kind of artificial method for producing beauty clams with dorsal tubercles.

Background technology

The fresh water pearl that China cultures usually is commonly no nucleus pearl, and nucleated pearl production is few, and the raw material of nucleated pearl mainly are the shells of freshwater mussel, because it is with former material with pearl, it is good to be formed with the nucleus pearl quality.Usually is thick, the hard beautiful freshwater mussel of shell as the freshwater mussel of nuclear is arranged, as Lamprotula leai, three huge Liuli clams, many Liuli clams, oval beautiful freshwater mussel etc., these freshwater mussels distribute wide and yield poorly in China, do not satisfy the market demand, lean on import in the recent period.Lamprotula leai has another name called iron freshwater mussel, numb skin freshwater mussel, hoof freshwater mussel, and its individuality is bigger, ovalize, front portion are extremely short, back minister and flat, chitin is very thick, hard, shell face crineous or lead, back part are covered with the warty tubercle, shell inner face milky, in the lake of being born in the more clear river of water quality and communicating, growth conditions has certain requirement, and wild breeding is subjected to condition influence, survives very low.The artificial propagation of Lamprotula leai is more special, fully-developed hook Jie larva must colonize on the gill and fin ray of fish, the young freshwater mussel of abnormal one-tenth depends on for existence, owing to most of hook Jie larva chance is died young less than the intermediate host, so by natural increase Lamprotula leai resource is very limited, can not satisfy the demand of nucleated pearl development.Be different breeding period of various freshwater mussels, begin maturation in Dongting Lake Area hydriopsis cumingii annual late April, twice of cristaria plicata breeding in a year, the 3-4 month and the 10-11 month are respectively once, Lamprotula leai 6 is to the sexual maturity in July, early June to early July is a spawning period, and the water temperature of laying eggs is about 25 ℃-35 ℃.The Lamprotula leai breeding has its unique distinction, and mating season, female freshwater mussel did not excrete ovum, and arranged in mantle cavity, male freshwater mussel row is skillful in the water, sperm enters female freshwater mussel outer embrane and ovum fertilization with breathing current, hatches in the gill phyllocyst of female freshwater mussel by fertilization, so gill phyllocyst has the title of " child-bearing capsule " again.Lamprotula leai is different with other bivalves hatching, and four gill leaves of Lamprotula leai are hatched all.Hook Jie larva hatches a period in vivo, break away from the parent parasitism to the fish body that is fit to hook Jie larvae development, hook Jie larva colonizes in the time on the fish body, determine according to water temperature is different, generally do not wait at 4 to 18 days, total during this period organ excessively forms gradually and leaves the fish body, develops into young freshwater mussel, young freshwater mussel, becomes freshwater mussel.The Lamprotula leai fish brood amount is very high, female freshwater mussel about a body weight 400 restrains is once arranged ten thousand of 20-30, sick and weak and old female freshwater mussel breeding quantity reduces, though the Lamprotula leai fish brood amount is very high, but because the frustration in the development by metamorphosis process, survive the young freshwater mussel of natural world in fact have only 100,000/several, the overwhelming majority has been died young.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to be improved, innovate, a kind of artificial method for producing beauty clams with dorsal tubercles is provided at the shortcoming and defect in the background technology.

Production method of the present invention is as follows:

1) male and female that selection 4-6 is individual greatly, chitin is thick and hard, branchial plate does not have wound are as close freshwater mussel;

2) area 1-2 mu is set, depth of water 1-1.5 rice, transparency is in 30 centimetres pond, close freshwater mussel hung support in the pond, and every mu is hung and only supports 800-1000;

3) treat that female freshwater mussel to mature period, opens the shell inspection, female freshwater mussel of maturation is taken out lay eggs voluntarily or kill the clam to take the ovum;

4) whether observation hook Jie larva is ripe, prepares artificial seeding;

5) the female freshwater mussel after will laying eggs is taken out, and the parasitic host fish is put into basin, allows hook Jie larva adhere on the host fish;

6) young freshwater mussel is set and cultivates the pond, cultivate the pond and be made up of storage cistern, sedimentation basin, cultivation pond, storage cistern is higher than cultivates the pond, and sedimentation basin is lower than cultivates the pond, and the water in three ponds is constantly circulated;

7) the parasitic host fish after collecting seedling is transferred to and cultivates in the pond, and young freshwater mussel comes off after 5-12 days, and the parasitic host fish is taken out;

8) after flowing water growth in 3-4 month, young freshwater mussel becomes young freshwater mussel, can enter the big water surface and hang foster;

9) square crate is set, every basket is only thrown in young freshwater mussel 60-100, carries out shallow water and cultures;

10) after culturing in 1 year, carry out the branch basket and culture, every basket is only thrown in into freshwater mussel 10-15, and every mu of water surface hangs only forms freshwater mussel 2000-3000.

Advantage of the present invention and effect:

The invention solves the extremely low big problem of the beautiful freshwater mussel reproduction rate of natural world, and manually production also is blank at present, and the distribution of beautiful freshwater mussel is wide, but yields poorly, the natural propagation rate only 100,000/, and the present invention adopts artificial production method, gets involved the breeding of freshwater mussel with the artificial technology, has improved reproduction rate greatly, a female freshwater mussel can lay eggs 200,000, but ten thousand of the young freshwater mussel 3-5 of output the invention solves the low difficult problem of beautiful freshwater mussel natural propagation survival rate, and the unique channel that satisfies market is provided.

Embodiment

One, selection of close freshwater mussel and cultivation

1, close freshwater mussel selection criteria

The Lamprotula leai kind that is used for artificial propagation is called close freshwater mussel, as the saying goes " good kind has gone out seedling ", and the quality of close freshwater mussel directly influences the descendants, and this is genic reason.The beautiful freshwater mussel kind of China is a lot, and the fine quality fast, that individuality is big, chitin is thick, hard of should selecting to grow so just has to culture to be worth as the close freshwater mussel of breeding, the parent freshwater mussel will be selected youth, and about general 4-6, shell is perfect, freshwater mussel body stalwartness is plentiful, and branchial plate does not have the male and female freshwater mussel of wound.

2, the cultivation of close freshwater mussel

From salvaging the select close freshwater mussel of wild Lamprotula leai, to hang and support in close freshwater mussel pond, male and female are reasonably combined, improve fertilization rate.The water surface that the parent freshwater mussel is cultured is unsuitable big, general area is at 1-2 mu, depth of water 1-1.5 rice, every mu hang support 800-1000 only about, the waters in parent freshwater mussel pond requires water quality fertile refreshing, for well, transparency will be strengthened management about 30 centimetres with yellow green, regularly fertilising, often water filling, guaranteeing has sufficient bait and oxygen branch, makes sexual gland and the embryo's normal development of close freshwater mussel.

Two, the collection of hook Jie larva

Artificial collection hook Jie larva is according to the parasitic characteristic to the fish body of the hook Jie larva in the beautiful freshwater mussel embryo development procedure, use the intermediate host of fish artificially as it, allow hook Jie larva parasitism grow the abnormal young freshwater mussel that becomes on the gill of fish body and the fin ray, the quality of hook Jie larva collection effect, be directly connected to the artificial propagation success or not, so take seriously careful operation.

1, the selection of host fish

Host fish cans be compared to " bridge " in beautiful freshwater mussel reproductive process, can not be completed the overall process of embryonic development without host fish, do not reach the purpose that raises up seed, and the host fish suitability, then influence adhesion effect, so select good host fish, make hook Jie larva successfully finish development by metamorphosis, obtain more young freshwater mussel.The selection of host fish should will be adopted yellow cartfish, bighead with sweet-tempered fish as host fish, and is wherein best with about 5-6 cun yellow cartfish.

2, the inspection of hook Jie larval maturity

Must reach maturity as hook Jie larva of collecting seedling, fully-developed hook Jie larva has broken away from egg membrane, from the gill cavity of close freshwater mussel, discharge, if hook Jie larva prematurity of discharging also in egg membrane, just can not be attached on the fish body, do not reach the purpose of artificial seeding.The immature female freshwater mussel of Lamprotula leai, the easiest miscarriage, the factor that shadow plays miscarriage is a lot, as dehydration, temperature jump, opens shell inspection etc., and after being upset, immature hook Jie larva also can all be miscarried in the gill cavity.

3, the method for hook Jie larva collection

Gather hook Jie larva, check female freshwater mussel with cracker, female freshwater mussel of maturation is picked, put into the basin of laying eggs and allow it lay eggs voluntarily in close freshwater mussel pond, but also kill the clam to take the ovum, output come or the ovum that takes out ripe, so just can carry out artificial seeding.

4, hook Jie larval maturity is checked

1) visual inspection is chosen hook Jie larva and is placed on the glass slide and observe, and as microscler and be sticked together, illustrates that ovum is ripe, and ovum is free state, and prematurity still is described, immature ovum is white in color, and ripe ovum presents yellow or buff.

2) microexamination, carrying hook Jie larva on glass with choosing, be placed on microscopically and observe, the most of or whole rupture of membranes of the hook Jie larva in the visual field, two shells open activity, illustrate that this ovum is most of or all reach maturity, can collect seedling, if the hook Jie larva tunicle suitcase in the visual field inertia, illustrate that this ovum does not have maturation, can not reach the effect of collecting seedling.

Three, artificial seeding

Be exactly that hook Jie larva collects on the body of fish and is called artificial seeding, the flowing water of having collected seedling is collected seedling and hydrostatic is collected seedling, and generally all takes the hydrostatic method of collecting seedling.Hydrostatic is collected seedling, and with the naked eye checks the branchial plate of host fish, as being covered with small particles on the branchial plate, illustrate that hook Jie larva has colonized on one's body the host fish, host fish can be changed in Tu Chi or the cultivation pond that the time length of collecting seedling is relevant with temperature, the low time of water temperature is a little longer, and the high time of water temperature is short slightly.Throw in the quantity of host fish when collecting seedling, should be according to quantity that how much reaches ovulation and flexible grasp of freshwater mussel, in ordinary circumstance, about every female freshwater mussel needs host fish 500-1000 to restrain.

Four, collection of young freshwater mussel and cultivation

Young freshwater mussel gathers and cultivates, this is last ring of artificial propagation, create suitable growing environment in order to give young freshwater mussel this period, must strengthen management, and makes its normal growth, young freshwater mussel to survive environment such as growth and substrate, current, water quality, water temperature closely related, and that these factors are not arcs is upright, is interactional, if one of them factor is incompatible or lack, will influence young freshwater mussel and grow, even can not survive.

1, cultivating the pond builds

Cultivate the construction in pond, suit measures to local conditions, promptly will meet the generation of host fish, adapt to the ecological requirement that young freshwater mussel grows again, the most Lamprotula leai of natural world is grown in the hardground clayed soil waters, builds cultivation Chi Yeyao and meets its ecology.

The flowing water pond is made up of storage cistern, sedimentation basin, three parts in cultivation pond, cultivate the size in pond, suitable according to being convenient to be operating as, the wide 80-100 in pond centimetre, but can not surpass 100 centimetres, the pond is about 100-1000 centimetre and does not wait, the dark 20-30 in pond centimetre, by some ponds gang, all will there be into water and drainage system in each pond, lays a small amount of clayed soil at the bottom of the pond.Storage cistern should exceed cultivates pond 80-100 centimetre, and the about 2-4 mu of area, sedimentation basin should be lower than cultivates pond 80-100 centimetre, with pump the water of sedimentation basin is taken out toward storage cistern and is constantly circulated.

Cultivate the construction in pond: the leveling of ground type, promptly build up the pond type, spread plastic film above, also can scrape out the pond type, spread film then and make the cultivation pond, preferably select for use tabia to make and cultivate the pond in the place with common brick.

2, the raising of host fish and young freshwater mussel are gathered

Host fish after collecting seedling should change immediately supports in little Tu Chi or the cultivation pond, and each square thrown in host fish 1000-2000 gram, and hook Jie larva colonizes in the time that fish metamorphosis on one's body becomes young freshwater mussel, decide according to temperature, the high parasitic time of water temperature is short, and the low parasitic time of water temperature is long, generally speaking, water temperature 25-28 ℃, the parasitic time is 8-12 days, water temperature 28-30 ℃, the parasitic time is 6-8 days, water temperature 30-33 ℃, and parasitic time 5-7 days, grasp young freshwater mussel in good time and come off the time, in time pull host fish out.

3, young freshwater mussel cultivating and managing

Young freshwater mussel tax falls behind, and strengthen management, and remains continual current, and streamflow accomplishes that the slow later stage in early stage is fast, keep water quality fresh, the dissolved oxygen abundance, nutritious, make young freshwater mussel that good development growth environment be arranged, and in time get rid of mud at the bottom of the pond, in order to avoid smelly, young freshwater mussel suffocates.The method of getting rid of mud is to stir water body gently with hand or plank, and mud is risen, and takes away with water.Cultivate the pond and avoid solar radiation, in case blue or green platform prevents that harmful organisms from entering the cultivation pond and gulping down the young freshwater mussel of evil.

4, become freshwater mussel to culture

Lamprotula leai is after cultivating the flowing water growth in 3-4 month of pond process, body reaches 1.5-3 centimetre and cries young freshwater mussel, can enter the big water surface becomes freshwater mussel to culture, young freshwater mussel is cultured the initial stage, select a little bit smaller small-size water surface of stormy waves to culture, prevent that stormy waves from blowing away young freshwater mussel from basket, young freshwater mussel hangs breeding method and makes basket with bamboo or wood, and the basket size should be convenient to operation, square crate (15 centimetres of 40 cm x, 40 cm x), beneath shop one deck plastic foil, use the rare net sheet of second all around, mesh is 3.5-4 centimetre, and mesh is crossed net plankton and seen dead mesh and influence the water body exchange, mesh can not be rare excessively, the young freshwater mussel that prevents to wander away hangs to support and has drawn two with rope, hangs on float and basket, the degree of depth is 20-30 centimetre, carries out shallow water and cultures.Because layer plankton waterborne is abundant, illumination is better, the dissolved oxygen abundance, can quicken young freshwater mussel growth, every basket only can be thrown in young freshwater mussel 60-100, and young freshwater mussel can reach 4-6 centimetre after culturing through 1 year, should reach the time-division basket and be carried out to breed, it is the same with young freshwater mussel to hang breeding method, and every basket is only thrown in into freshwater mussel 10-15, becomes the freshwater mussel pond to take the fish freshwater mussel to raise together with mostly.Every mu of water surface hangs to be formed about freshwater mussel 2000-3000, strengthen management, the waters of the culturing Lamprotula leai new water of will often annotating, the rational application of fertilizer, fertilizer should be based on fertilizer, transparency is answered 20-30 centimetre, dial and spill quicklime one to secondary in order to be in harmonious proportion the annual full pond of water quality, every mu of consumption 40-50 kilogram is wanted frequent removal of impurities, is removed wild freshwater mussel, pasture and water, prevent harmful animal, impel Lamprotula leai tachyauxesis.

Claims (1)

1. artificial method for producing beauty clams with dorsal tubercles is characterized in that:

1) male and female that selection 4-6 is individual greatly, chitin is thick and hard, branchial plate does not have wound are as close freshwater mussel;

2) area 1-2 mu is set, depth of water 1-1.5 rice, transparency is in 30 centimetres pond, close freshwater mussel hung support in the pond, and every mu is hung and only supports 800-1000;

3) treat that female freshwater mussel to mature period, opens the shell inspection, female freshwater mussel of maturation is taken out lay eggs voluntarily or kill the clam to take the ovum;

4) whether observation hook Jie larva is ripe, prepares artificial seeding;

5) the female freshwater mussel after will laying eggs is taken out, and the parasitic host fish is put into basin, allows hook Jie larva adhere on the host fish;

6) young freshwater mussel is set and cultivates the pond, cultivate the pond and be made up of storage cistern, sedimentation basin, cultivation pond, storage cistern is higher than cultivates the pond, and sedimentation basin is lower than cultivates the pond, and the water in three ponds is constantly circulated;

7) the parasitic host fish after collecting seedling is transferred to and cultivates in the pond, and young freshwater mussel comes off after 5-12 days, and the parasitic host fish is taken out;

8) after flowing water growth in 3-4 month, young freshwater mussel becomes young freshwater mussel, can enter the big water surface and hang foster;

9) square crate is set, every basket is only thrown in young freshwater mussel 60-100, carries out shallow water and cultures;

10) after culturing in 1 year, carry out the branch basket and culture, every basket is only thrown in into freshwater mussel 10-15, and every mu of water surface hangs only forms freshwater mussel 2000-3000.