CN114342847B - Seed production method for improving growth of pinctada martensii with golden yellow shell color - Google Patents
Seed production method for improving growth of pinctada martensii with golden yellow shell color Download PDFInfo
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- CN114342847B CN114342847B CN202210066738.2A CN202210066738A CN114342847B CN 114342847 B CN114342847 B CN 114342847B CN 202210066738 A CN202210066738 A CN 202210066738A CN 114342847 B CN114342847 B CN 114342847B
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- FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C2=C1 FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 241001212699 Pinctada martensii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 210000002149 gonad Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 241001441955 Argopecten irradians Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000143510 Haliotis discus hannai Species 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000490567 Pinctada Species 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- LGZXYFMMLRYXLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury(2+);sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Hg+2] LGZXYFMMLRYXLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000548230 Crassostrea angulata Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001489139 Haliotis discus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237536 Mytilus edulis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237509 Patinopecten sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008672 Persea borbonia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000189 Persea borbonia Species 0.000 description 1
- 108700005079 Recessive Genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000054765 polymorphisms of proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020637 scallop Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003248 secreting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001052 yellow pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a seed production method for improving the growth of pinctada martensii with golden yellow shell color. (1) Selecting a female individual from a pinctada martensii population with a rapid growth characteristic as a female parent, carrying out artificial hybridization by taking a pinctada martensii male individual as a male parent, and then expanding the population number through self-reproduction in the population; (2) And (2) selecting a female individual with mature gonad from the expanded propagation population obtained in the step (1) as a female parent, selecting a male individual with yellow shell color from the pinctada martensii golden-brown strain as a male parent, and carrying out artificial fertilization, cultivation and breeding to obtain the improved pinctada martensii golden-brown. The method can improve size of yellow shell, and ensure shell color purity, and is convenient for production and application.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the field of aquatic animal genetic breeding technology and aquaculture, and particularly relates to a seed production method for improving the growth of pinctada martensii.
Background art:
research shows that the color of the shell is selected by an individual in the growth process and has certain correlation with the growth environment (including the temperature, salinity and the like of a water area), the geographic position and physiological factors. According to the research reports on some shellfish, the shell color polymorphism is simple Mendelian inheritance, but the selection of the shell color has no definite conclusion about whether the growth trait, the physiological trait and some economic traits have certain connection.
Pinctada martensii Dunker belongs to bivalvia, pinctada martensii and Pinctada genus, is an important seawater pearl culture shellfish, and has brown shell surface and often several dark brown radiation lines. Other shell surface colors are less visible.
The shell colors of Pinctadfuca martensii, japan, include red, brown, yellow and brown, and Wada K.T. et al (1983, 1990, 1994, 1996) found that white shells are very rare in wild and cultivated populations, and white individuals have been found in some inbred populations. The white shell color is probably controlled by recessive genes, and the produced beads do not contain yellow pigment, white individuals are taken as small-piece shells, which is favorable for culturing excellent beads, but the total weight and survival rate of white shell inbred lines are far lower than those of white shell/brown shell hybrid lines. The shell color of Argopecten irradians Lamarck can be stably inherited, and is less influenced by environmental factors (Kraeuter J.et al,1984, elek J.A.et al,1985,1990, adamkewicz L.et al, 1988), and new varieties of Argopecten irradians with different shell colors can be theoretically cultivated by directional breeding. Gary et al (1980) have crossed different shell color populations of Mytilus edulis and have found that there is a considerable frequency of differences in shell color polymorphisms between the two populations and that brown individuals are 10% to 20% smaller than blue individuals between the different populations. However, john et al (2004) have found that the average individual weight, survival rate and growth rate of crassostrea gigas have no correlation with the shell pigment and the pallium pigment.
In the aspect of shellfish shell color research, china carries out oriented breeding on the quantity and the characters of Argopecten irradians and Haliotis discus hannai according to the growth conditions of different shell color groups, and obtains a new strain with definite phenotype and excellent characters. Zhang et al (2003, 2005) mark the shell color, have already cultivated pure orange, pure black, pure purple, pure white, etc. different color bay scallop at present, have established the breeding mode of bay scallop "shell color-quantitative character composite selection and selfing-directional breeding-small colony balance", cultivated "Zhongke red bay scallop" new variety, more than 95% filial generation individuals are orange shell color, the survival rate is improved 15% -20%, the growth rate is improved 10% -15%, the meat yield is increased more than 10%, the shell thickness is increased obviously. In the growing stage, white family individuals are obviously larger than orange individuals and purple individuals among different shell colors of the same age in days; the survival rate of the white family is the highest in 7 and 8 months of high temperature (because the white shell absorbs less heat than the orange purple individual and is more easily adapted to the environment of high temperature and strong light), and it is found that there is no main connection between the growth character and survival rate of the bay scallop individual and the shell color in the larval stage, probably because the individuals have the same genetic basis in the larval stage and are transparent and have no function of secreting pigment into the shell. Liu Xiao et al (2003) adopt a cross breeding mode to breed the Chinese red haliotis discus hannaiThe strain and the shell color gene are homozygous, 12 Chinese red sibling or half sibling families are established and are bred in a large scale, and a good development direction is provided for the aquaculture industry of the Haliotis discus hannai. Wangqing Heng (2008) establishes brown, red, yellow and white shell color breeding lines of pinctada martensii, and confirms 4 shell color breeding lines F 1 The growth characters in the larval stage are different, and the white breeding line is lower than other breeding lines. Yangshao et al (2012) compared 4 shell color lines of pinctada martensii as nucleus insertion shells, and found brown shell color line F 3 The breeding effect is better. Four shell color breeding lines F of pinctada martensii are carried out in the morning and in the evening (2012) 5 The results of the growth and genetic diversity analysis of the strain show that the growth traits of the four shell color breeding lines and the control group are obviously different. In the breeding process of the golden yellow shell color of the pinctada martensii, a family internal self-reproduction method is adopted, through the breeding of 4 generations, the purity of the yellow shell color reaches over 90 percent, but the group grows slowly and the individual is small. The ash content of the soft part of the golden yellow shell strain is 22.8 percent lower than that of the variety No. 1 of the south China family, the sum of hydrolyzed amino acids is 9.2 percent higher than that of the variety No. 1 of the south China family, and the sum of free amino acids is 21.3 percent higher than that of the variety No. 1 of the south China family, which indicates that the golden yellow shell strain has higher organic matter composition, and the iron content is 1.5 times that of the variety No. 1 of the south China family. Has better nutritive value, which indicates that the shellfish food has the potential of being developed into edible shellfish.
In breeding, the growth can be improved by adopting a hybridization method, but the shell color character can be separated, so that the growth performance can not be improved under the condition of ensuring that the shell color purity is not reduced.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a seed production method for improving the growth of pinctada martensii with improved golden yellow shell strain and capable of ensuring the shell color purity.
The invention discloses a seed production method for improving growth of pinctada martensii with golden yellow shells, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) Selecting a female individual from a pinctada martensii population with a rapid growth characteristic as a female parent, carrying out artificial hybridization by taking a pinctada martensii male individual as a male parent, and then expanding the population number through self-reproduction in the population;
(2) And (2) selecting a female individual with mature gonad from the expanded propagation population obtained in the step (1) as a female parent, selecting a male individual with yellow shell color from the pinctada martensii golden-brown strain as a male parent, and carrying out artificial fertilization, cultivation and breeding to obtain the improved pinctada martensii golden-brown.
Preferably, the artificial hybridization in step (1) has fertilization conditions as follows: the temperature of the seawater is 26-29 ℃, and the concentration of the ammonia seawater is 0.009-0.012%.
Preferably, the artificial hybridization in step (1) has fertilization conditions as follows: the volume fraction of the ammonia seawater concentration is 0.009 percent at 26 ℃.
Preferably, the golden yellow shell color line in the step (2) is a golden yellow shell line bred in the 4 th generation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a binary hybridization method, which can remarkably improve the growth and the individual size of the pinctada martensii with golden yellow shell color, can ensure that the shell color purity is not reduced, is favorable for seed production and is applied to production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a population of golden yellow shells.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
The embodiment is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: in 2019, in 5 months, 3 female individuals with full gonads are selected from the No. 50 pinctada martensii population (the population is large and is from the first-generation breeding population of the Zhanjiang breeding population, the shell height is about 5 cm), 3 male individuals are selected from the caught pinctada martensii (from the North sea in Guangxi, the shell height is about 7 cm), eggs and sperms are respectively dissected and stored in a beaker filled with filtered seawater, and the collected sperms and the eggs are filtered by a silk screen to remove impurities and tissue fragments. And eggs were quickly added to a flat bottom glass container containing ammonia water in 0.006%, 0.009%, and 0.012% by volume, respectively, and left for 10 minutes, after which an appropriate amount of sperm was added and mixed well to allow fertilization. The temperature of fertilization development water is set with three gradients (23 ℃, 26 ℃ and 29 ℃). The water was changed twice to wash off excess sperm. The fertilization rate (percentage of fertilized eggs to the total number of eggs) was calculated by sampling 2 hours after fertilization. The two groups with the highest fertilization rate comprise water temperature of 26 ℃, ammonia seawater concentration of 0.009% (volume fraction, the same below), and water temperature of 29 ℃ and ammonia seawater concentration of 0.012%, the fertilization rates are respectively 28.50 +/-2.45% and 28.47 +/-5.05%, and the fertilization rates of other groups are all lower than 20%. As the high-concentration ammonia seawater can cause high death rate of later larvae, the water temperature of 29 ℃ is usually increased. For convenient operation, the temperature of 26 ℃ and the ammonia seawater concentration of 0.009 percent are the more suitable fertilization conditions.
Collecting larvae after fertilized eggs are hatched, and culturing the larvae, seedlings and marine culture (pearl oyster seedling biology, editions such as Jinzhuang, and the like, ocean publishing agency, 1992) according to a conventional mode, wherein the culture number of the breeding material is L. Meanwhile, a golden yellow shell group (number O, as shown in figure 1, as shown in application number 201611128447.2, the invention name: a golden yellow shell group obtained by the method for producing seeds of pinctada martensii) and a growth breeding group (number 50) are cultured according to a conventional method to form a self-reproduction group (self-breeding). The shell length, height, width, weight were measured at 12 months of age for the L, O and No. 50 populations, each of which was randomly measured for 50 individuals.
Step two: and 5, in 2020, taking the first generation L obtained in the step one as a parent, selecting male and female individuals to perform self-propagation in a population, and enlarging the population scale. The artificial fertilization (mother-of-pearl biology, editions such as Jinzai, oceanic publishing agency, 1992), cultivation and cultivation are carried out according to the conventional method of Pinctada martensii. No. 50 colonies were also grown contemporaneously. The shell length, height, width, and body weight were measured at 10 months of age for population L and 50, with 50 individuals measured at random for each population, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Shell length/mm | Shell height/mm | Width of shell/mm | Body weight/g | |
| 50 (2019 Miao, 12 months old shell) | 59.70±5.28 | 56.91±5.02 | 20.37±2.13 | 24.23±5.41 |
| L (2019 Miao, 12-month-old shell) | 64.17±5.20 | 61.17±5.79 | 21.97±1.47 | 31.32±5.79 |
| O (2019 Miao, 12-month-old shell) | 46.32±6.17 | 45.62±5.42 | 16.86±1.82 | 13.04±3.29 |
| L (2020 Miao, 10 months old shell) | 56.86±8.57 | 56.66±8.76 | 19.56±2.35 | 23.85±8.44 |
| 50 (2020 Miao, 10 months old shell) | 47.19±4.96 | 45.99±4.91 | 16.35±1.71 | 13.63±3.46 |
Compared with the population 50 in the same period (shown in table 1), the first generation (seedling 2019, 12-month-old shellfish) and the second generation (2020-year-old shellfish) of the L obtained in the first step and the second step are obviously greater than the population 50 in the same period, and the characteristics of 4 shell height, shell length, shell width and body weight are shown to be a rapid growth population. Whereas the golden yellow hull population O was significantly smaller than the contemporary L and 50.
Step three: and 4, in 2021, female individuals with mature gonads are selected from the population (number L) obtained in the second step, and male individuals with golden shell color (number O of the golden shell line, shell color purity of 90.14%) are selected from the golden shell lines (number O) bred in the 4 th generation. Then artificial fertilization and larva cultivation are carried out, the juvenile mollusks are raised out of the sea in 6 months, and the number of the filial generation is G. The combination of simultaneous hybridizations further comprises: hybridizing by taking the breeding population No. 50 as a female parent and taking O as a male parent, and numbering the filial generation as 48; the self-propagating combination is L,50 and O. Growth measurements and shell color purity statistics were performed at 10 months 2021 and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Shell height/mm | Shell length/mm | Shell width/mm | Body weight/g | Ratio of golden yellow shell | |
| 50 (2021 Miao, 4 months old shell) | 34.82±5.61 | 37.16±5.76 | 12.78±2.45 | 6.93±2.90 | 0 |
| L (2021 Miao, 4 months old shell) | 37.36±7.09 | 38.83±6.49 | 13.93±2.49 | 8.57±3.56 | 0 |
| O (2021 Miao, 4 months old shell) | 23.62±5.49 | 24.74±5.47 | 8.58±2.02 | 2.56±1.61 | 96％ |
| G (2021 Miao, 4 months old shell) | 32.78±4.66 | 34.38±4.20 | 11.84±1.69 | 5.93±2.81 | 98.33％ |
| 48 (2021 Miao, 4 months old shell) | 36.87±4.91 | 34.99±5.70 | 12.54±1.97 | 7.06±2.54 | 34.83％ |
The results of step three (table 2) show that:
1. the individuals of the golden yellow shell strain (O) in the three self-propagating groups were the smallest, L the largest; individuals of filial generation G and 48 are all larger than O of one of the parents, the shell height, the shell length, the shell width and the body weight of the target variety G are respectively increased by 38.78%, 38.97%, 38% and 131.64% compared with O, which shows that the size of the golden yellow shell strain can be obviously improved through hybridization.
2. From the proportion of golden yellow shells, the proportion of golden yellow shells of O is 96%, the proportion of golden yellow shells of a target variety G is 98.33%, the proportion of No. 48 is 34.83%, and golden yellow shell individuals are not found in the groups L and 50, namely, filial generations (numbered G) of L and O ensure the purity of the golden yellow shells and the shell colors are not separated; although the individual of the filial generation (No. 48) of No. 50 and the group O is larger than G, the golden yellow shell color purity is obviously lower than that of G and the golden yellow shell parent O, which indicates that the shell color is separated.
That is, to improve the growth of the yellow hull line and to ensure the shell color purity, the hybridization of L and O is an optimal seed production strategy.
Comparative example:
the invention can obviously improve the size of the golden yellow shell strain by hybridizing the golden yellow shell strain (O) with the Nanke No. 1 variety, and has obvious average hybridization advantages. The proportion of the golden yellow shell color of the golden yellow shell line is 90.14 percent, but the proportion of the golden yellow shell of the filial generation is 73.6 percent and is lower than that of the golden yellow shell parent. The individual size of golden yellow shell can be improved by hybridization, but the shell color purity cannot be guaranteed.
Claims (4)
1. A seed production method for improving the growth of pinctada martensii with golden yellow shell color is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Selecting a female individual from a pinctada martensii population with a rapid growth characteristic as a female parent, carrying out artificial hybridization by taking a pinctada martensii male individual as a male parent, and then expanding the population number through self-reproduction in the population;
(2) And (2) selecting a female individual with mature gonad from the expanded propagation population obtained in the step (1) as a female parent, selecting a male individual with yellow shell color from the pinctada martensii golden-brown strain as a male parent, and carrying out artificial fertilization, cultivation and breeding to obtain the improved pinctada martensii golden-brown.
2. The method for producing seed according to claim 1, wherein the artificial hybridization in step (1) is carried out under fertilization conditions of: the seawater temperature is 26-29 ℃, and the ammonia seawater concentration is 0.009-0.012 percent by volume fraction.
3. The method for producing seed according to claim 2, wherein the artificial hybridization in step (1) is carried out under fertilization conditions of: the seawater temperature is 26 ℃, and the ammonia seawater concentration is 0.009% by volume fraction.
4. The method for producing seeds according to claim 1, wherein the golden yellow shell strain in step (2) is a 4 th generation bred golden yellow shell strain.
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| CN102960272A (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2013-03-13 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Quantitative character gene pyramiding breeding method for pinctada fucata |
| CN102960271A (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2013-03-13 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Rotational mating breeding method for pinctada fucata groups |
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| CN101341862B (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-12-15 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Fry production method for Chlamys nobilis with yellow shell |
| CN101720691A (en) * | 2009-11-24 | 2010-06-09 | 广东海洋大学 | Seed production method for breeding pinctada martensii |
| CN106577411A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-04-26 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Method for producing seeds of golden shell colored pinctada martensii |
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| CN102960272A (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2013-03-13 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Quantitative character gene pyramiding breeding method for pinctada fucata |
| CN102960271A (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2013-03-13 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Rotational mating breeding method for pinctada fucata groups |
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| 合浦珠母贝、长耳珠母贝和大珠母贝种间人工杂交的研究;魏贻尧等;《热带海洋》;19831130;第309-316页 * |
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