CN113229182A - Artificial hybrid weever and breeding method thereof - Google Patents

Artificial hybrid weever and breeding method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113229182A
CN113229182A CN202110638158.1A CN202110638158A CN113229182A CN 113229182 A CN113229182 A CN 113229182A CN 202110638158 A CN202110638158 A CN 202110638158A CN 113229182 A CN113229182 A CN 113229182A
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parent
breeding
weever
male
female
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杨天毅
熊阳
梅洁
韩庆庆
王帅
钱心瑜
齐飘飘
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Zhejiang Zhengda Livestock And Poultry Aquatic Products Co ltd
Huazhong Agricultural University
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Zhejiang Zhengda Livestock And Poultry Aquatic Products Co ltd
Huazhong Agricultural University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an artificial hybrid weever and a breeding method thereof. The breeding method comprises the steps of first parent selection, parent cultivation and artificial hybridization; the first parent selection comprises selection of a first female parent and selection of a first male parent; the parent cultivation is to respectively cultivate the first female parent and the first male parent to obtain a second female parent and a second male parent; the artificial hybridization is to carry out artificial hybridization on the second female parent and the second male parent; selecting female Taiwan weever as a first female parent; the method adopts colony breeding, and takes the weight as a main breeding target to carry out second generation breeding and screening to obtain male micropterus salmoides as a first male parent. The artificial hybrid weever is obtained by hybridizing the female Taiwan weever and the male YouPerch for the first time, and after one month of industrial cultivation, the hybrid weever has the advantages of fast growth, high survival rate and easy domestication, and can be used as a novel high-quality variety in the California weever industry.

Description

Artificial hybrid weever and breeding method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hybrid weever, in particular to an artificial hybrid weever and a breeding method thereof.
Background
Lateolabrax japonicus (Micropterus salmoides), also known as Micropterus salmoides, belongs to the family Sunridae of Perciformes and is a large carnivorous fish native to North American fresh water lakes and rivers. At present, the micropterus salmoides have new varieties such as 'micropterus salmoides No. 1' and 'micropterus salmoides No. 3', but the new varieties have the problems of germplasm resource mixed pollution, unobvious growth advantages and the like in the process of culturing for many years. Moreover, although the yield of the micropterus salmoides water bloom is increased year by year, the survival rate of the micropterus salmoides after being placed in a pond is reduced year by year. The key factor influencing the survival rate of the micropterus salmoides is low domestication rate.
At present, the breeding technology of the micropterus salmoides mainly has the defects of incapability of artificial induced spawning and seedling emergence in the same batch, low survival rate in the water bloom domestication process and uneven growth speed due to large difference of eating individuals. The key for improving the survival rate of the micropterus salmoides is to breed the micropterus salmoides fry which is easy to domesticate and eat.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the embodiments of the present invention find, through long-term aquaculture experience, that the taiwanese perch has the characteristics of high growth speed, high survival rate, and the like, and when the taiwanese perch is hybridized with the micropterus salmoides, the filial generation thereof shows a certain hybridization advantage in terms of feeding habit, survival rate, growth and adaptability.
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a breeding method for artificially hybridizing weever, which comprises the steps of first parent selection, parent cultivation and artificial hybridization; the first parental selection comprises selection of a first female parent and selection of a first male parent; the parent cultivation is to cultivate the first female parent and the first male parent respectively to obtain a second female parent and a second male parent; the artificial hybridization is to perform artificial hybridization on the second female parent and the second male parent; wherein, a female Taiwan weever is selected as the first female parent, and a male California weever is selected as the first male parent.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the selection conditions of the first parent are as follows: female Taiwan weever with standard body type and weight of 0.4-0.5 kg; the selection conditions of the first male parent are as follows: the male micropterus salmoides are obtained by adopting colony breeding and carrying out second-generation breeding and screening by taking the body weight as a breeding target.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the breeding site conditions for parent breeding include: selecting an outdoor soil pond with 1-2 mu outdoors as a cultivation place, wherein the water depth of the outdoor soil pond is 1.5-2.0 m, the bottom of the outdoor soil pond is flat, and the thickness of sludge is 0.1-0.2 m; the water body condition for parent cultivation is as follows: the water quality is fresh, the content of dissolved oxygen is not less than 4mg/L, pH and is 6.0-9.0, the content of nitrate nitrogen is less than 0.2mg/L, the content of nitrite nitrogen is less than 0.01mg/L, and the transparency of the pond is kept at 35-40 cm.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the conditions for breeding the parents further comprise: separately breeding the first male parent and the first female parent in different outdoor soil ponds at a quantitative ratio of 1:1 to obtain a second male parent and a second female parent respectively; the first male parent and the first female parent are both per 667m2And breeding 3000-4000 fish fries of 50 fish fries/jin in the outdoor soil pond.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the conditions for breeding the parents further comprise: each 667m of each pool2Preparing 1kw oxygenation equipment; feeding iced fresh fish serving as bait according to 2-4% of the weight of the fish every day, feeding twice in the morning and at night, and mixing vitamin C and vitamin E into the bait.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, silver carp and bighead carp are mixedly cultured simultaneously in the process of breeding the parents.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the step of artificial hybridization comprises in particular the steps of selection, oviposition and hatching of the second parent; wherein, the oviposition step specifically comprises: connecting the second parent and the second parentThe male-female ratio is 1:1, in terms of per 667m2Stocking 400-450 tails, and naturally laying eggs; the incubation step specifically comprises: and collecting the eggs, and putting the eggs into a hatching pond for hatching.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the conditions of said incubation step comprise: hatching is carried out by adopting a micropore oxygenation mode, and the hatching density is 20-30 pieces/m2The hatching water temperature is 22-28 ℃, and the hatching water is purified water filtered by a 120-mesh dense net.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the indexes of the purified water are: the dissolved oxygen is not less than 5mg/L, pH and is 7.0-8.0, the nitrate nitrogen is less than 0.2mg/L, and the nitrite nitrogen is less than 0.01 mg/L.
The embodiment of the invention also provides the artificial hybrid weever obtained by the breeding method.
Has the advantages that:
the embodiment of the invention firstly hybridizes female Taiwan weever and male Youbei to obtain the artificial hybrid weever, and after one month of industrial cultivation, the growth rate of the hybrid weever is 18% higher than that of the existing Youbei variety, and the hybrid weever has the advantages of fast growth, high survival rate and easy domestication, and can be used as a novel high-quality variety in the California weever industry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid bass and parents provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an artificially cultured female ovary of Lateolabrax japonicus and male testis HE of Yoteolabrax japonicus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a fish fry after spawning according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of a hatched artificial hybrid weever according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a comparison graph of industrial culture growth of the excellent bass and the hybrid artificial bass provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a comparison chart of the emergence rates of standard seedlings of an artificial hybrid weever and a Youtian weever provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a breeding method for artificially hybridizing weever, which comprises the steps of first parent selection, parent cultivation and artificial hybridization; the first parental selection comprises selection of a first female parent and selection of a first male parent; the parent cultivation is to cultivate the first female parent and the first male parent respectively to obtain a second female parent and a second male parent; the artificial hybridization is to perform artificial hybridization on the second female parent and the second male parent; wherein, a female Taiwan weever is selected as the first female parent, and a male California weever is selected as the first male parent.
According to the invention, long-term aquaculture experience shows that the Taiwan weever has the characteristics of high growth speed, high survival rate and the like, and the Taiwan weever and the Micropterus salmoides are hybridized, and the filial generation of the Taiwan weever shows the hybridization advantages in food taming, survival rate, growth and adaptability. The specific selection conditions of the first female parent are as follows: female Taiwan weever with standard body type and weight of 0.4-0.5 kg. The specific selection conditions of the first male parent are as follows: the male micropterus salmoides are obtained by adopting colony breeding and carrying out second-generation breeding and screening by taking the body weight as a breeding target.
Specifically, the conditions for breeding the parents comprise: selecting an outdoor soil pond with 1-2 mu outdoors as a cultivation place; an outdoor soil pond with 1-2 mu is selected as a cultivation place, the depth of the outdoor soil pond is preferably 1.5-2.0 m, the bottom of the outdoor soil pond is flat, and the thickness of sludge is 0.1-0.2 m. For the selection of the outdoor soil pond, the water body conditions are key and are as follows: 6.0-9.0 dissolved oxygen of more than or equal to 4mg/L, pH, less than 0.2mg/L nitrate nitrogen and less than 0.01mg/L nitrite nitrogen, and the transparency of the pond is kept at 35-40 cm. The water is changed by a water pump regularly, and the water for the aquatic seedling breeding production meets the national freshwater aquaculture water quality standard.
Further, the conditions for parent breeding also comprise: separately breeding the first male parent and the first female parent in a number ratio of 1:1 in different outdoor soil ponds for cultivation respectivelyObtaining the second male parent and the second female parent; the first male parent and the first female parent are both per 667m2And breeding 3000-4000 fish fries of 50 fish fries/jin in the outdoor soil pond. Further, each 667m per pool2Preparing 1kw oxygenation equipment; and feeding iced fresh fish as bait according to 2-4% of the weight of the fish every day, feeding twice in the morning and at night, and mixing vitamin C and vitamin E into the bait. Wherein, oxygenation and vitamins for the water body can also promote the gonad development of the fry and enhance the immunity of the body. In this example, female ovaries of Taiwan weever developed well, and most of oocytes were in stage IV (FIG. 2).
In addition, in a further embodiment, the conditions for breeding the parents further comprise: and meanwhile, cultivating silver carps and bighead carps in a mixed mode in the parent seedling cultivation process. The silver carp and bighead carp in mixed culture can compete with weever, prevent the weever from escaping, reduce the disease of the weever, and enhance the ability of preventing harmful organisms, thereby increasing the viability of the weever.
Specifically, the step of artificial hybridization specifically comprises the steps of selection, oviposition and hatching of a second parent; the selection of the second parent comprises the selection of the second male parent and the selection of the second female parent, and the second male parent and the second female parent are obtained through the parent breeding steps in the embodiment. Specifically, 0.4-0.5 kg of Taiwan female weever cultured in the current year is selected as a second female parent, and male Yokow weever is selected as a second male parent. More specific traits, such as female parent: the belly is soft and expanded, the cloaca hole is ruddy in the oviposition period, and yellow liquid flows out when the cloaca hole is squeezed by hands; the mature eggs are uniform in size, full in particle, strong in luster and easy to disperse when being observed by digging eggs. Male parent: the body is thin and long, the body color is dark, the abdomen is not large in the breeding period, and the urogenital papilla is sunken; the testis is milk white, irregularly bent and highly branched when being observed in an anatomical way. A small amount of milky semen flows out when the abdomen is lightly pressed, and the milky semen is scattered in water.
Specifically, the oviposition step comprises: and (3) mixing the second parent and the second female parent according to the male-female ratio of 1:1, in terms of per 667m2Stocking 400-450 tails for natural spawning. According to the embodiment, the rear-end collision effect in the pond is better (figure 3),the egg laying amount is large, the fertilization rate can reach 96 percent, and the hatching rate is 83 percent (figure 4); over 150 thousands of hybrid seedlings are cultivated in 2020.
The specific incubation steps include: and collecting the eggs, and hatching in a hatching pond.
The conditions of the specific incubation step include: hatching is carried out by adopting a micropore oxygenation mode, and the hatching density is 20-30 pieces/m2The hatching water temperature is 22-28 ℃, and the hatching water is purified water filtered by a 120-mesh dense net. Wherein the indexes of the purified water are as follows: the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 5mg/L, pH and is 7.0-8.0, and nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are not contained. Wherein, hatching density, hatching water temperature and hatching water are the key, all exert an influence on the play of membrane. In addition, the prevention and control of saprolegnia need to be paid attention to in the hatching process, and the amount of the saprolegnia can be 20-40 mg/m3Formalin is used for sprinkling and disinfecting water. And (3) slowly adjusting the water temperature after membrane emergence, and generally controlling the water temperature of the hatching pool to be within 2 ℃ of the temperature difference with the water temperature of the standard seedling culture pool within 2-3 d.
The embodiment of the invention also compares the artificial hybrid weever cultured by the method of the embodiment with industrially cultured excellent weever, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of cultivation pond
The cultivation pool is a square pool with 8m multiplied by 1.5m, the pool bottom is provided with a groove, the pool wall is smooth, and the periphery is uniformly distributed with nano oxygen increasing tubes. Before seedling placement, the pond is cleaned and disinfected, whether cracks exist or not and water leakage is checked, and if water leakage is found, timely repair is needed. And the circuit, the water pipe and the air pipe are checked to ensure normal use.
2. Spraying into pool
Injecting water into the pool by about 30cm, splashing detoxification and anti-stress products into the whole pool before seedling placing, and placing water bloom in a cement pool for 15-30 minutes to balance the water temperature. The water blossoming density of the artificial hybrid weever and excellent weever provided by the invention is 50 ten thousand pieces/pool, the anti-stress product is sprayed once again about 6 hours after the larval, and then a small amount of new water is injected every day and gradually increased to 50-70 cm. And then, sewage discharge and water change are carried out, the water change amount is about 20cm every day, and anti-stress products are required to be sprayed after the water change. Adding fresh water for 1 time every day (10-15 cm each time) 7 days before the water bloom is discharged into the pool, and water changing and sewage discharging are not needed. After 7 days, the bottom of the pond becomes dirty, the feeding amount gradually increases, the sewage is sucked and the water is changed for 1 time every day, and the water changing amount is 15-20 cm every time. The added fresh water needs to be disinfected and fully aerated, then no residual chlorine and other residues are detected, and after the water is added, detoxification and anti-stress products need to be sprayed in the whole pool.
3. Food taming
Artemia zooplankton stage (water bloom-3 cm): after the water bloom is discharged from the pool, live zooplankton or artemia can be fed uniformly in the whole pool, the live zooplankton or artemia are fed for 5-6 times every day, after the live zooplankton or artemia is fed for 0.5-1 hour, a sample is taken to observe the belly of the fry, and if the belly is flat and clustered to move along the side of the pool, bait organisms are required to be added if the belly is not full; if the abdomen is enlarged and dispersed in the pond and the residual bait organisms exist in the water, the situation that the bait organisms need to be reduced when the feeding is excessive is shown.
The powder material crushing feed period (3cm-5 cm): fixing 1 feeding point, feeding for 4-5 times per day, and feeding powder and dead plankton frozen blocks; after 7 days of continuous feeding, feeding broken materials, powder materials and dead plankton frozen blocks after the fishes are clustered at the feeding points. The proportion of granules is then gradually increased and after approximately 7 days it can be completely converted to crushed material.
Pellet puffing feed period (5cm-8 cm): at this stage, the digestion capacity of fry is gradually enhanced, the diameter of fry is increased, the clustering effect is good, the pellet puffed feed can be gradually fed, the feed is fed for 2-3 times every day, the liver change of the fish body is observed in due time, and the Chinese patent medicines for protecting liver and gallbladder can be properly mixed in the feed
4. Separating screen
Weever is carnivorous fish, the mutual cannibalism is serious when the sizes of the fries in the same batch are different, and especially, the survival rate of the fries is directly influenced if the scales of the fries are not screened in time after being grown completely; the fish fry is caught by a net and screened at proper time, and large, medium and small three-stage fish fry are separated for pond-separated feeding, so that the survival rate of the fish fry is improved. Sieving once every 7 days according to the growth condition of fry, separating the fish species with larger size and specification difference, and intensively feeding the fish species with similar specification, and timely sterilizing the water body after sieving to prevent bruise infection. And putting the fish seeds into an outer pond to breed commercial fish when the fish seed specification reaches 8cm-10 cm.
And (4) analyzing results:
in the stage of water bloom cultivation, the length of the hybrid weever is smaller than that of the Youtian weever, the length of the hybrid weever is 0.61cm, and the length of the Youtian weever is 0.77cm (figure 5). The feeding rate of the hybrid weever is high, the feed is easy to domesticate, the growth tracking of the hybrid weever in 30 days after the opening finds that the speed of the hybrid weever is higher than that of the excellent weever, the hybrid weever can grow to 4.62cm in 30 days after the opening feeding, and the growth of the excellent weever is 3.91 cm.
As shown in FIG. 6, for the standard fry (1 jin 100-150), the emergence rate of the hybrid weever can reach 64.85% and about 97 ten thousand standard fries, while the death rate of the excellent weever is high, and the emergence rate is only 31.76% and about 47.64 ten thousand standard fries.
The above results show that: the hybrid weever has the advantages of easy domestication, high growth speed, high survival rate and the like, and adds a high-quality variety for the micropterus salmoides industry.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A breeding method of artificial hybrid weever is characterized by comprising the steps of first parent selection, parent cultivation and artificial hybridization;
the first parental selection comprises selection of a first female parent and selection of a first male parent;
the parent cultivation is to cultivate the first female parent and the first male parent respectively to obtain a second female parent and a second male parent;
the artificial hybridization is to perform artificial hybridization on the second female parent and the second male parent;
wherein, a female Taiwan weever is selected as the first female parent, and a male California weever is selected as the first male parent.
2. A breeding method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the first female parent is selected under the conditions: female Taiwan weever with standard body type and weight of 0.4-0.5 kg; the selection conditions of the first male parent are as follows: the male micropterus salmoides are obtained by adopting colony breeding and carrying out second-generation breeding and screening by taking the body weight as a breeding target.
3. A breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that the breeding site conditions for parent breeding include: selecting an outdoor soil pond with 1-2 mu outdoors as a cultivation place, wherein the water depth of the outdoor soil pond is 1.5-2.0 m, the bottom of the outdoor soil pond is flat, and the thickness of sludge is 0.1-0.2 m;
the water body condition for parent cultivation is as follows: the water quality is fresh, the content of dissolved oxygen is not less than 4mg/L, pH and is 6.0-9.0, the content of nitrate nitrogen is less than 0.2mg/L, the content of nitrite nitrogen is less than 0.01mg/L, and the transparency of the pond is kept at 35-40 cm.
4. A breeding method according to claim 3, characterized in that the conditions of parent breeding further comprise: separately breeding the first male parent and the first female parent in different outdoor soil ponds at a quantitative ratio of 1:1 to obtain a second male parent and a second female parent respectively; the first male parent and the first female parent are both per 667m2And breeding 3000-4000 fish fries of 50 fish fries/jin in the outdoor soil pond.
5. A breeding method according to claim 4, characterized in that the conditions of parent breeding further comprise: each 667m of each pool2Preparing 1kw oxygenation equipment; feeding iced fresh fish serving as bait according to 2-4% of the weight of the fish every day, feeding twice in the morning and at night, and mixing vitamin C and vitamin E into the bait.
6. A breeding method as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that silver carp and bighead carp species are co-cultivated during the cultivation of said parents.
7. A breeding method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said step of artificial crossing comprises in particular the steps of selection, spawning and hatching of the second parent;
wherein, the oviposition step specifically comprises:
and (3) mixing the second female parent and the second male parent according to a male-female ratio of 1:1, in terms of per 667m2Stocking 400-450 tails, and naturally laying eggs;
the incubation step specifically comprises: and collecting the eggs, and putting the eggs into a hatching pond for hatching.
8. A breeding method as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the conditions of the hatching step include: hatching is carried out by adopting a micropore oxygenation mode, and the hatching density is 20-30 pieces/m2The hatching water temperature is 22-28 ℃, and the hatching water is purified water filtered by a 120-mesh dense net.
9. A breeding method as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the indexes of purified water are: the dissolved oxygen is not less than 5mg/L, pH and is 7.0-8.0, the nitrate nitrogen is less than 0.2mg/L, and the nitrite nitrogen is less than 0.01 mg/L.
10. The artificial hybrid weever obtained by the breeding method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202110638158.1A 2021-06-08 2021-06-08 Artificial hybrid weever and breeding method thereof Pending CN113229182A (en)

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