CN102960271A - Rotational mating breeding method for pinctada fucata groups - Google Patents
Rotational mating breeding method for pinctada fucata groups Download PDFInfo
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- CN102960271A CN102960271A CN2012104464025A CN201210446402A CN102960271A CN 102960271 A CN102960271 A CN 102960271A CN 2012104464025 A CN2012104464025 A CN 2012104464025A CN 201210446402 A CN201210446402 A CN 201210446402A CN 102960271 A CN102960271 A CN 102960271A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a rotational mating breeding method for pinctada fucata groups. The method comprises the following steps of: collecting at least three pinctada fucata groups from different sources, and constructing an F1 generation diallel crossing group; before a breeding season, randomly sampling over 1,000 individuals from every each group for performing character measurement, computing a breeding character average value or a multi-character comprehensive selection index, sequencing according to sizes, and at least selecting five groups serving as cone breeding groups by adopting a last-one-out system; selecting largest female and male individuals from every each selected group, mating male individuals of a No.1 group with female individuals of a No.2 group, mating male individuals of a No.2 group with female individuals of a No.3 group, and so on, and rotationally mating, wherein the ratio of female individuals to male individuals is 2:1, and at least four male individuals are selected; and breeding generation after generation to over five generations. Due to the adoption of the method, high selection strength is realized, genetic gain is increased, and the genetic improvement of every each generation of the bred pinctada fucata can be over 15 percent.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of breeding technique, be specifically related to a kind of Hepu nacre group rotation mating breeding method.
Background technology
Hepu nacre (
Pinctada fucata) be important mariculture shellfish and the main female shellfish that produces pearl, the Hepu pearl that civilization is far and near, namely " Nan Zhu " is exactly that this shellfish produces.Hepu nacre is mainly lived in the Perenniporia martius sea area.The the researching and producing of China Hepu nacre cultured pearl starts from twentieth century mid-term, artificial pearl culture success in 1958, nineteen sixty-five artificial breeding success, indicate that Hepu nacre enters total man worker and cultivates the epoch, namely utilize the seedling of artificial propagation to cultivate, select ripe individuality after forming and carry out again artificial propagation, form the closed circulation system.Through after more than 40 years propagate artificially, because the breeding method of shortage science, system, the problems such as individual miniaturization, cultivation hydraulic performance decline, lethality height and pearl quality be poor have appearred, it is very urgent therefore to cultivate the good Hepu nacre new varieties of productivity.
The cultivation work of China's improved seeds was since 1974, done by South Sea aquatic products research institute and Haikang County drift sand pearl occasion, utilize Hepu nacre (female parent) and large nacre (male parent) to hybridize, be intended to cultivate individual large, growth is fast, survival rate is high, and premunition is strong, and is suitable for inserting the new varieties of macronucleus.Jiang Weiguo etc. (1983) also once carried out Hepu nacre, Pinctada chemnitzi (
Pinctada chemnitzi) and large nacre (
Pinctada maxima) interspecific cross test and cultivated F2, but be not real hybrid to the filial generation that studies show that of offspring's chromosome, isozymogram and proterties.Afterwards, Jiang Weiguo equals to rise in 1987 the work of beginning pteria martensii polyploid breeding.Under the support of " 95 " 863 major projects, nacre triploid seedling production and grow cultured pearls and reach the pilot scale level is grown cultured pearls with the nacre triploid, bead yield rate improves 25%, large pearl and middle pearl ratio obviously improve, and the pearl average weight improves 14.3%, demonstrates the good proterties of growing cultured pearls.But triploid operation in the production of hybrid seeds is loaded down with trivial details and inductivity is unstable, has limited its large-scale application on producing.
" 15 " and the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period China carried out Hepu nacre and selected breeding research, utilize respectively India's Hepu nacre and Japanese Hepu nacre and Sanya Hepu nacre and Daya Gulf Hepu nacre to hybridize, made up geographical hybrid Population strain.But these researchs all are to make up single-population, then from this single-population, select individuality to make up again colony of future generation, or utilize two breeding populations to hybridize, providing cross hybrid seedling to raise on a household basis to cultivation grows, and utilize the diallel cross method to make up a plurality of colonies, then adopt rotation mating technology (rotational mating) to select this method of breeding to there is not yet report.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Hepu nacre group rotation mating breeding method, the method is to utilize rotation mating technology, higher selection intensity to realize excellent-excellent combination, avoid inbred a kind of breeding technique on the basis of diallel cross colony, and key step is as follows:
A kind of Hepu nacre group rotation mating breeding method comprises the steps:
(1) collect at least 3 separate sources Hepu nacre colonies, make up F1 for diallel cross colony, the condition of growing seedlings with cultivating of each colony is identical;
(2) before mating season, to each colony's random sampling more than 1000 individuality carry out proterties and measure, calculate Breeding Traits mean value or multiple characters multiple selection index, and sort by size, carry out last-one-out system, 5 colonies of selecting and remain at least are as core breeding group;
(3) from each colony of selecting and remain, select individual maximum male and female individual, female-male proportion is 2:1, at least 4 of males, the male of No. 1 colony that then will ranked first and the female mating of No. 2 colonies, the female mating of male and No. 3 colonies of No. 2 colonies, the rest may be inferred, by ordering, mating is namely rotated in a male mobile female mating with next bit colony of each colony;
(4) carried out more than for many generations seed selection to 5 generation repeating step (1)～(3).
The concrete operations of step (1) are: collect at least the Hepu nacre colony of 3 separate sources, select complete, the healthy individuality of outward appearance to make up diallel cross colony in the ratio of male and female 2:1, parent's quantity of each colony is controlled at more than 10.Breed, grow seedlings, cultivate with the production conventional method, but will make the condition of culture of each colony identical as far as possible, to eliminate the impact of environment.
The concrete operations of step (2) are:
1) before mating season to each colony's random sampling more than 1000 individuality carry out proterties (shell is long, shell is high, shell is wide, body weight) and measure, the mean value that calculates proterties go forward side by side line ordering and numbering; If multiple characters is selected to need to calculate multiple selection index I: to each proterties (X
i) give a weight coefficient (C
i), the weight coefficient summation is 1, gives different coefficients according to the importance of proterties, then calculates multiple selection index I according to following formula:
I=C
1X
1+C
2X
2+…C
iX
i+…+C
nX
n
Carry out colony's ordering, numbering according to I value size;
2) carry out elimination of the last one according to proterties mean value or I value size, according to Population and the definite quantity of eliminating colony of difference degree, 5 colonies of selecting and remain at least.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) because the individual amount of each colony is large, and the individual amount of selecting and remain is relatively less, so selection intensity is large, is conducive to improve heredity obtain;
(2) inbreeding depression that can effectively avoid inbreeding common in the seed selection of traditional colony and produce therefrom is conducive to the excellent genes polymerization, improves the quality of seedling.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment, but be not limited to this.
Embodiment
A kind of Hepu nacre group rotation mating breeding method comprises the steps:
1, collects the Hepu nacre population material of 3 separate sources such as Sanya, the North Sea, Xuwen, 18 males are selected by each colony, make up 9 of complete diallel cross colonies in the ratio of male and female 2:1, grow seedlings in the usual way and cultivate, but that the condition of each colony keeps is identical.
2, before mating season, 1000 individualities of each colony's random sampling are carried out proterties and measure, the mean value that calculates proterties go forward side by side line ordering and numbering; If multiple characters is selected to need to calculate multiple selection index I: to each proterties (X
i) give a weight coefficient (C
i), the weight coefficient summation is 1, gives different coefficients according to the importance of proterties, then calculates multiple selection index I according to following formula:
I=C
1X
1+C
2X
2+…C
iX
i+…+C
nX
n
Carry out from big to small colony's ordering, numbering according to the I value.
Carry out elimination of the last one according to proterties mean value or I value size, according to Population and the definite quantity of eliminating colony of difference degree.
This test is long to shell, shell is high, shell is wide and 4 proterties such as body weight are measured, and according to breeding objective different shapes is arranged different weight coefficients.At last according to the I value six clusters of selecting and remain from big to small.
3, then from each colony of selecting and remain, select individual maximum male and female individual, female-male proportion is 2:1, at least 4 of males, the male of No. 1 colony that then will ranked first and the female mating of No. 2 colonies, the female mating of male and No. 3 colonies of No. 2 colonies, the rest may be inferred, by ordering, mating is namely rotated in a male mobile female mating with next bit colony of each colony.
4, fully carried out more than for many generations seed selection to 5 generation step 1～3.
The genetic parameters in each generation is carried out data to be calculated:
In F2 generation, is long than the shell in F1 generation, shell is high, shell is wide and 4 proterties such as body weight improve respectively 4.48mm, 4.75mm, and 1.20mm and 1.88g, growth rate is respectively 15.16%, 16.62%, 12.10% and 44.58%, and the proterties average growth rate is 22.12%.
In F3 generation, is long than the shell in F2 generation, shell is high, shell is wide and 4 proterties such as body weight improve respectively 4.22mm, 4.31mm, and 1.02mm and 1.64g, growth rate is respectively 14.28%, 15.08%, 10.28% and 38.86%, and the proterties average growth rate is 19.63%.
In F4 generation, is long than the shell in F3 generation, shell is high, shell is wide and 4 proterties such as body weight improve respectively 4.09mm, 4.20mm, and 0.98mm and 1.50g, growth rate is respectively 13.84%, 14.70%, 9.88% and 35.55%, and the proterties average growth rate is 18.49%.
In F5 generation, is long than the shell in F4 generation, shell is high, shell is wide and 4 proterties such as body weight improve respectively 3.82mm, 3.96mm, and 0.80mm and 1.36g, growth rate is respectively 12.93%, 13.86%, 8.06% and 32.23%, and the proterties average growth rate is 16.77%.
Experimental result shows, adopts the Hepu nacre of this method seed selection, per generation genetic progress can reach more than 15%.
Only for introducing preferred case of the present invention, to those skilled in the art, any apparent changes and improvements of carrying out in the scope that does not deviate from spirit of the present invention all should be regarded as a part of the present invention to above embodiment.
Claims (4)
1. a Hepu nacre group rotation mating breeding method comprises the steps:
(1) collect at least 3 separate sources Hepu nacre colonies, make up F1 for diallel cross colony, the condition of growing seedlings with cultivating of each colony is identical;
(2) before mating season, to each colony's random sampling more than 1000 individuality carry out proterties and measure, calculate Breeding Traits mean value or multiple characters multiple selection index, and sort by size, carry out last-one-out system, 5 colonies of selecting and remain at least are as core breeding group;
(3) from each colony of selecting and remain, select individual maximum male and female individual, female-male proportion is 2:1, at least 4 of males, the male of No. 1 colony that then will ranked first and the female mating of No. 2 colonies, the female mating of male and No. 3 colonies of No. 2 colonies, the rest may be inferred, by ordering, mating is namely rotated in a male mobile female mating with next bit colony of each colony;
(4) carried out more than for many generations seed selection to 5 generation repeating step (1)～(3).
2. Hepu nacre according to claim 1 group rotation mating breeding method, it is characterized in that, the concrete operations of step (1) are: the Hepu nacre colony of collecting at least 3 separate sources, select complete, the healthy individuality of outward appearance to make up diallel cross colony in the ratio of male and female 2:1, parent's quantity of each colony is controlled at more than 10.
3. Hepu nacre according to claim 1 group rotation mating breeding method is characterized in that the concrete operations of step (2) are:
1) before mating season to each colony's random sampling more than 1000 individuality carry out proterties and measure, the mean value that calculates proterties go forward side by side line ordering and numbering; If multiple characters is selected to need to calculate multiple selection index I: to each proterties (X
i) give a weight coefficient (C
i), the weight coefficient summation is 1, gives different coefficients according to the importance of proterties, then calculates multiple selection index I according to following formula:
I=C
1X
1+C
2X
2+…C
iX
i+…+C
nX
n
Carry out colony's ordering, numbering according to I value size;
2) carry out elimination of the last one according to proterties mean value or I value size, according to Population and the definite quantity of eliminating colony of difference degree, 5 colonies of selecting and remain at least.
4. according to claim 1 or 3 described Hepu nacre groups rotation mating breeding method, it is characterized in that measured proterties comprises that shell is long, shell is high, shell is wide and body weight in the step (2).
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Cited By (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103798165A (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2014-05-21 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Good nacre cultivating method for pinctada martensii |
| CN103975883A (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2014-08-13 | 广东海洋大学 | Breeding method of pinctada martensi black-shell strain for sea pearl cultivation |
| CN111972332A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-24 | 北部湾大学 | Method for breeding small-sized new variety of pinctada fucata |
| CN111972331A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-24 | 北部湾大学 | Method for cultivating bead-breeding receptor pinctada fucata martensii |
| CN114342847A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-04-15 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Seed production method for improving growth of pinctada martensii with golden yellow shell color |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103798165A (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2014-05-21 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Good nacre cultivating method for pinctada martensii |
| CN103798165B (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2016-02-10 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | A kind of breeding method of pteria martensii excellent pinctada |
| CN103975883A (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2014-08-13 | 广东海洋大学 | Breeding method of pinctada martensi black-shell strain for sea pearl cultivation |
| CN111972332A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-24 | 北部湾大学 | Method for breeding small-sized new variety of pinctada fucata |
| CN111972331A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-24 | 北部湾大学 | Method for cultivating bead-breeding receptor pinctada fucata martensii |
| CN114342847A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-04-15 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Seed production method for improving growth of pinctada martensii with golden yellow shell color |
| CN114342847B (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2023-03-10 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Seed production method for improving growth of pinctada martensii with golden yellow shell color |
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