CN104839068A - Selective breeding method for breeding piece shell families of gold pearl layers of pinctada martensi of seawater pearls - Google Patents
Selective breeding method for breeding piece shell families of gold pearl layers of pinctada martensi of seawater pearls Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to a selective breeding method for breeding piece shell families of gold pearl layers of pinctada martensi of seawater pearls, and belongs to the field of selective breeding technologies for pearls. The selective breeding method includes selecting excellent individuals meeting selective breeding targets for seed reservation from base populations with different color types of pearl layers by the aid of inter-family selection and within-family selection processes; creating a plurality of families and reproducing descendents; gradually eliminating inferior families between the families; eliminating inferior individuals in the families generation by generation; selectively reserving excellent families which surpass the base populations and meet original selection indexes; judging strength and weakness of the families by the aid of breeding values and comprehensive evaluation values; selectively breeding novel piece shell strains with high growth speeds and pure-gold edges of pearl layers in shells. The selective breeding base populations are a generation F6 of black shell novel strains of the pinctada martensi, populations of six successive generations are selectively bred to obtain the generation F6 of the novel black shell strains, shell surfaces of the novel black shell strains are provided with pure black radial ribs, and the novel black shell strains are high in growth speed. The selective breeding method has the advantages that the selective breeding method is feasible in principle, simple in step and low in production cost, piece shells of the 'gold lip strains' of the pinctada martensi can be obtained, variety combinations can be provided for producing 'gold pearls', and sustainable development of seawater pearl culture industries in China can be promoted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of selection of animal new varieties, being specifically related to a kind of selection of the pteria martensii gold pearl layer piece shell family for cultivating sea water pearls, belonging to pearl breeding technique field.
Background technology
Pteria martensii (Pinctada martensii), also known as Hepu nacre (P. fucada), be under the jurisdiction of Mollusca, lamellibranchiata, Pteriidae, Pteria, mainly be distributed in Japan, India, the marine sites, the west and south, the Pacific Ocean such as Indonesia, in main branch of China in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan coastal, it is one of main female shellfish of sea water pearls cultivation in the world, its pearl produced is called as " Nan Zhu ", generally acknowledge that the southern pearl quality that China produces is leading in the world in the world, the nineties " Nan Zhu " output leaps to the first in the world, but in recent years, along with pteria martensii kind matter is degenerated and breeding environment deterioration, pearl quality and output decline year by year, pearl sector benefit obviously comes down.And gold pearl is the high-end pearl kind that International Jewelry circle is generally acknowledged, carry out the fashion trend that gold pearl production is current international pearl industry, its key problem in technology finds or a kind of piece shell kind secreting gold pearl matter of seed selection, gold pearl could be realized produce, this selection obtains successfully, produce for China's gold pearl and laid kind basis, the cultivation of gold " Nan Zhu " can be promoted, greatly can improve the value of pearl, to development " Nan Zhu " industry, there is important economy and social effect.
In the breeding of Pinctada martensii pearl breeding shellfish, application number 200610003813.1, the patent that denomination of invention is " a kind of breeding method of cultivating the excellent pearly shellfish of sea water pearls ", in adopting warp how to select for colony, domestic wild pteria martensii and India population are as parent, set up 2 breed system, with in domestic wild female pteria martensii for female parent, India's population stallion martensii is male parent, carry out line cross, the hybrid generation obtained is excellent pearly shellfish; Application number 201410229444.2, the patent that denomination of invention is " selection of the black shell strain of a kind of pteria martensii for cultivating sea water pearls ", with two geographical populations such as Chinese pteria martensii Hainan Lingshui wild population and Leizhou, North Sea cultured populations for breeding underlying group, the individuality of high-quality is selected to carry out reciprocal cross and the selfing of Different population as parent, selected growth vigor the most significantly to combine-" Leizhou ♀ × Lingshui ♂ " offspring is as black shell look new lines; Above two patents are all starting point with pearly shellfish, obtained the pearly shellfish of proterties excellence, do not relate to piece shell by hybridization.Application number 201010582106.9, the patent that denomination of invention is " a kind of with the method for black lip shell mantle piece in conjunction with Pinctada martensii pearl breeding ", disclose the method using black lip shell to cultivate the excellent pearl of black as piece shell in pteria martensii, do not relate to the seed selection of piece shell, to the utilization of piece shell, there is certain limitation.
The seed selection of the present invention to gold pearl layer piece shell family is different from aforementioned, go through the swarm robotic system seed selection of 6 generations, shell table has pure black radial rib, the black shell new lines F6 of pteria martensii of fast growth is on behalf of seed selection basic population, adopt the method selected between family and select in family, from the underlying group being mixed with different nacre color type, select the defect individual meeting breeding goal reserve seed for planting, set up some familys and raise up seed, progressively family inferior is eliminated between family, worst individual is eliminated by generation in family, select and remain and surmount basic population, meet the superior families of original selective goal, and then with breeding value and comprehensive evaluation, quality judge is carried out to family, seed selection fast growth, in shell, nacre edge color is the piece shell new lines of proof gold look, carry out nucleus insertion and pearl test, control group is the pteria martensii ordinary group of local cultivation, the on-the-spot test organizing expert to carry out by Administration of Ocean and Fisheries of Guangdong Province, has selected and has had the productivity of cultivating the golden sea water pearls of high yield and high quality and the piece shell family with good promotion prospect.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of breeding technique of pteria martensii gold pearl layer piece shell family, adopt the excellent black shell new lines of economic characters as seed selection basic population, seed selection work can be made to be based upon in high starting point, thus shorten the seed selection cycle; Family selective breeding is a kind of inbred mode, has fast purifying gold pearl layer gene, eliminates the effect of gene inferior, breeding goal is easily achieved in a short time." golden lip " the piece shell family selected by this technology, randomness and blindness that in existing pteria martensii pearl cultivating process, piece shell is selected can be overcome, cultured output and the quality of southern pearl gold pearl can be improved, promote the sustainable health development of south-pearl industry; Simultaneously, because golden piece shell family has definite gold pearl cytoplasmic inheritance mark and merit Absorbable organic halogens is hereditary, carry out that colony between family is mixed hands over, also can continuous multi-generation heredity utilization, other seedling field can autonomous production, is very beneficial for marketing.
For realizing the object of foregoing invention, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows:
1. determine breeding objective and scheme;
2. gold pearl layer character inheritance basic law;
3. gold pearl layer piece shell Juvenile stage;
4. gold pearl layer piece shell family full-sibs is set up;
5. each gold pearl layer piece shell family (being called for short " golden lip " family) F1 generation Analysis on Economic Traits;
6. " golden lip " family F1 generation breeding value and comprehensive evaluation calculate;
7. " golden lip " family F1 generation individual choice of reserving seed for planting in family;
8. the Analysis on Economic Traits in " golden lip " family F2 generation and breeding value and comprehensive evaluation calculate;
9. the incubation of " golden lip " family piece shell;
(1) for cultivating a selection for the gold pearl layer pteria martensii " golden lip strain " of sea water pearls, in technique scheme, step 1 is:
Breeding objective: with fast growth, shell inward flange nacre gold for breeding goal, cultivation morphological feature is obvious, economic characters are excellent, heritability is stablized, can be used for the pteria martensii piece shell new lines (being called for short " golden lip strain ") of cultivating golden sea water pearls, and the production for " gold pearl " provides kind supporting.
Breeding system: with Chinese invention " selection of the black shell strain of a kind of pteria martensii for cultivating sea water pearls ", what application number 201410229444.2 was cultivated goes through the swarm robotic system seed selection of 6 generations, shell table has pure black radial rib, pteria martensii black shell new lines (the F6 generation of fast growth, see that specification annex dependence test is reported) be seed selection basic population, adopt the method selected between family and select in family, from the underlying group being mixed with different nacre color type, select the defect individual meeting breeding goal reserve seed for planting, set up some familys and raise up seed, progressively family inferior is eliminated between family, worst individual is eliminated by generation in family, select and remain and surmount basic population, meet the superior families of original selective goal, and then with breeding value and comprehensive evaluation, quality judge is carried out to family, seed selection fast growth, in shell, nacre edge color is the piece shell new lines of proof gold look, adopt the excellent black shell new lines of economic characters as seed selection basic population, seed selection work can be made to be based upon in high starting point, thus shorten the seed selection cycle, family selective breeding is a kind of inbred mode, has fast purifying gold pearl layer gene, eliminates the effect of gene inferior, breeding goal is easily achieved in a short time, according to pteria martensii growth and 1 year i.e. sexual maturity feature, the generation interval of setting seed selection is 1.5 years, and seed selection, process of the test and popularization place from now on are all positioned at pearl breedinmg marine site, the Lezhou Peninsula, the North Sea.
(2) for cultivating a selection for the gold pearl layer pteria martensii " golden lip strain " of sea water pearls, the basic law of step 2 gold pearl layer character inheritance in technique scheme:
At the black shell new lines F6 of non-golden seed selection in colony, the individuality with pure gold pearl layer only occupies about 12%, also has the gold of some individuals more light in addition, does not list pure gold pearl layer scope in, golden from shallow to deeply presenting gradual change; In addition, in each family through the seed selection of generation gold pearl layer, golden phenotypic ratio is increased to about 45%; Can think from above-mentioned two performances, the golden proterties of nacre is a heritable quantitative character, and it is effective for carrying out seed selection to it.
(3) for cultivating a selection for the gold pearl layer pteria martensii " golden lip strain " of sea water pearls, step 3 gold pearl layer piece shell Juvenile stage in technique scheme:
From the cultivation pteria martensii of 16 months black shell new lines (F6) colony, by 10% rate of reserving seed for planting choose shell high arrange front 10% individuality, stay in these individualities again and select gonad maturity individual, dissect, check nacre color, selecting nacre edge in shell is the female, male individual of pure gold, forms 12 pairs of familys, carry out gold pearl layer family (being called for short " golden lip family ") seed selection, to cultivating the mantle piece providing secretion gold pearl layer for " gold pearl ".
(4) for cultivating a selection for the gold pearl layer pteria martensii " golden lip strain " of sea water pearls, in technique scheme, step 4 gold pearl layer piece shell family full-sibs is established as:
According to the method for the single pairing of male and female, set up 12 family full-sibses, during insemination, sperm, ovum are put into respectively the Plastic Drum of 10L, control smart ovum ratio, have around general 1 ovum 2-4 sperm just can, fertilized egg is moved into 0.4m through 75 μm of aperture strainer filterings after half an hour by inflation
3in the nursery bucket of water body, larval density is as the criterion by minimum one group, adjusts each group and cultivates density to unified; Seeling industry is undertaken by shellfish hatchery conventional method, ensures that each family breeding condition is consistent.
(5) for cultivating a selection for the gold pearl layer pteria martensii " golden lip strain " of sea water pearls, in technique scheme, step 5 each gold pearl layer piece shell family (being called for short " golden lip " family) F1 generation Analysis on Economic Traits is:
Middle training and forming is undertaken by pteria martensii conventional cultivation method, but must ensure the uniformity of each family in cultivation density, cultivation instrument, mariculture area, cultivation water layer, operational administrative; Through the cultivation of about 16 months, determine the cultivation survival rate (referring to that each family is individual from the high survival rate of supporting to Finished product processThe of average 1.5cm shell) of each family; Therefrom randomly draw 30 individualities, its shell long (SL), shell high (SH), shell wide (SW) and body weight (TW) are measured; Morphological characters is with electronic cursor kind of calliper, and accuracy is ± 0.01mm; Weight proterties is measured with electronic balance, and accuracy is ± 0.01g; Randomly draw 100 individualities respectively from each family, observe nacre color after opening shell, the number of statistics proof gold look nacre, calculates the phenotypic ratio of proof gold look nacre, computing formula:
Proof gold look nacre phenotypic ratio=N1/N0 × 100%
Wherein, N1 has the individual number identical with the proof gold look nacre of parent in F1, and N0 is for observing sum.
(6) for cultivating a selection for the gold pearl layer pteria martensii " golden lip strain " of sea water pearls, in technique scheme, step 6 " golden lip " family F1 generation breeding value and comprehensive evaluation are calculated as:
The proterties that each family participates in assessment comprises: shell is high, shell is wide, body weight, survival rate, gold pearl layer phenotypic ratio; Use Kung breeding value and comprehensive evaluation (
p i ) each family is evaluated, with each family comprehensive evaluation (
p i ) mean value as starting point of reserving seed for planting, eliminate each family under mean value, realize breeding goal between family, to strengthen the genetic progress of family.
(7) for cultivating a selection for the gold pearl layer pteria martensii " golden lip strain " of sea water pearls, the individual choice that in technique scheme, step 7 " golden lip " family F1 generation is reserved seed for planting in family is:
In family, the objective trait of individual choice is still shell height and nacre color; The method selected is the individuality of before first choosing in each family that shell is high and arranging 20%, dissect choosing individuality, check nacre color, the individuality with pure gold pearl layer is reserved seed for planting, dark not, the non-gold of superseded gold or mix the individuality of other color, each 60 of each family of quantity of reserving seed for planting; Finally, family F2 generation is bred with individuality of reserving seed for planting by preceding method.
(8) for cultivating a selection for the gold pearl layer pteria martensii " golden lip strain " of sea water pearls, in technique scheme, the Analysis on Economic Traits in step 8 " golden lip " family F2 generation and breeding value and comprehensive evaluation are calculated as:
Same step (5) and (6);
(9) for cultivating a selection for the gold pearl layer pteria martensii " golden lip strain " of sea water pearls, in technique scheme, the incubation of step 8 gold pearl layer family piece shell is:
The purposes of gold pearl layer piece shell is to cultivate the golden sea water pearls of high yield and high quality, in order to test the effect of growing cultured pearls of " golden lip " piece shell family, carry out nucleus insertion and pearl test, control group is the pteria martensii ordinary group of local cultivation, the on-the-spot test organizing expert to carry out by Administration of Ocean and Fisheries of Guangdong Province, simultaneously to the Analysis on Economic Traits in " golden lip " family F2 generation, reach seed selection requirement, selected and there is the productivity of cultivating the golden sea water pearls of high yield and high quality and " golden lip " the piece shell family with good promotion prospect.
The present invention relative to the beneficial effect of prior art is:
1, character pair ratio after " golden lip family " each F1 generation cultivates 16 months with common piece shell
Character pair ratio after table 2. " golden lip family " each F1 generation cultivates 16 months with common piece shell
Remarks: above-mentioned data are mean+SD; Same column upper right corner letter be the result of multiple comparisons (
p<0.05); Lower same.
As seen from Table 2, from the cultivation pteria martensii of 16 months black shell new lines (F6) colony, high 12 familys arranging the individuality structure of front 10% of shell are chosen by 10% rate of reserving seed for planting, each F1 generation cultivates proterties after 16 months all outstanding performance, the proterties such as shell high, shell wide, body weight, phenotypic ratio long at shell is all significantly greater than control group (
p<0.05).In survival rate, FG1-4, FG1-9, FG1-11 are significantly lower than control group FG01(
p<0.05), FG1-1, FG1-2, FG1-7, FG1-12 and control group there was no significant difference (
p>0.05), FG1-3, FG1-5, FG1-6, FG1-8, FG1-10 all significantly (
p<0.05) control group is greater than, wherein the highest with FG1-10, secondly FG1-6, again FG1-8.On proof gold look nacre phenotypic ratio, the ratio of breeding the black shell new lines (F6) of basic population is 13%, the ratio in the control group FG01 generation of being bred by its colony (G0) is 12%, illustrate that proof gold look nacre phenotypic ratio can not produce genetic progress when non-seed selection, and through 12 familys of seed selection, golden phenotypic ratio on average reaches 44.08%, illustrates that this proterties obtains genetic progress, proves that gold pearl layer proterties can heredity thus.
Table 7. " golden lip family " each F1 generation each proterties the results of analysis of variance after cultivating 16 months
| Index | Soruces of variation | Sum of squares | df | All square | F | Significance |
| Shell is long | Between group | 230.765 | 12 | 19.230 | 105.692 | .000 |
| Shell is high | Between group | 311.880 | 12 | 25.990 | 123.208 | .000 |
| Shell is wide | Between group | 30.886 | 12 | 2.574 | 44.857 | .000 |
| Full weight | Between group | 232.854 | 12 | 19.404 | 31.131 | .000 |
| Survival rate | Between group | 493.704 | 12 | 41.142 | 41.286 | .000 |
| Phenotypic ratio | Between group | 3160.308 | 12 | 163.359 | 68.128 | .000 |
2, each " golden lip family " F1 generation breeding value and comprehensive evaluation
The Kung breeding value of table 3. " golden lip family " F1 generation and comprehensive evaluation
Tab.3 The Kung values and the overall values of the F2 golden pearl layer family
As seen from Table 3,12 family F1 generations cultivate each proterties breeding value after 16 months all outstanding performance., the proterties such as shell high, shell wide, body weight, phenotypic ratio long at shell is all significantly greater than control group.In survival rate, FG1-4, FG1-9, FG1-11 are significantly lower than control group, FG01, FG1-1, FG1-2, FG1-7, FG1-12 and control group there was no significant difference, FG1-3, FG1-5, FG1-6, FG1-8, FG1-10 are all significantly greater than control group, wherein the highest with FG1-10, secondly FG1-6, again FG1-8.
In comprehensive evaluation, if compared with control group, then each family all can be reserved seed for planting, and wherein family FG1-2, FG1-6, FG1-8, FG1-10 are fitst water; If with family mean value 1.18 for starting point is considered to reserve seed for planting, then FG1-1, FG1-2, FG1-3, FG1-6, FG1-7, FG1-8, FG1-9, FG1-10 all can reserve seed for planting, and all the other 4 familys are eliminated, and realize breeding goal between family.A kind of after this method adopts, to strengthen the genetic progress of family.
3, " golden lip family " each F2 generation cultivate 16 months with common piece shell after character pair ratio
Table 4. " golden lip family " each F2 generation cultivate 16 months with common piece shell after character pair ratio
Remarks: above-mentioned data are mean+SD; Same column upper right corner letter be the result of multiple comparisons (
p<0.05).
" golden lip family " each F2 generation cultivation after 16 months proterties in table 4, as seen from Table 4, except each family population mean of survival rate and control group difference are not remarkable, the shell of all familys is long, shell is high, shell is wide, full weight, golden phenotypic ratio are all significantly greater than control group FG02(
p<0.05), illustrate that the advantage of " golden lip family " F1 generation of respectively reserving seed for planting obtains heredity.The more important thing is, the main target of seed selection " the golden proterties of nacre " phenotypic ratio from the average 47%(of F1 generation in F1 generation of reserving seed for planting) rise to 85%, in 12 family F2 generation, reaches " golden lip family " F2 when reaching more than 80% for the golden purifying rate of nacre, can meet the breeding objective of need of production.
Table 8. " golden lip family " each F2 generation cultivation each proterties the results of analysis of variance after 16 months
| Index | Soruces of variation | Sum of squares | df | All square | F | Significance |
| Shell is long | Between group | 308.201 | 8 | 38.525 | 30.472 | .000 |
| Shell is high | Between group | 402.456 | 8 | 50.307 | 31.270 | .000 |
| Shell is wide | Between group | 40.467 | 8 | 5.058 | 7.564 | .000 |
| Full weight | Between group | 322.974 | 8 | 40.372 | 34.661 | .000 |
| Survival rate | Between group | 174.149 | 8 | 21.769 | 18.005 | .000 |
| Phenotypic ratio | Between group | 14465.325 | 8 | 1808.166 | 766.053 | .000 |
4, each " golden lip family " F2 is for breeding value and comprehensive evaluation
The Kung breeding value in table 5. gold pearl layer family F2 generation and comprehensive evaluation
Tab.5 The Kung values and the overall values of the F2 golden pearl layer family
As seen from Table 5,8 each proterties breeding values of F2 family, except survival rate average compared with control group difference not quite except, other each index is all significantly greater than control group, especially golden phenotypic ratio, control group is 11.85%, and the mean value in each family F2 generation then reaches 84.9%, and family F1 generation also only has 43.49%.Illustrate that to carry out the effect of seed selection to the golden proterties of nacre fairly obvious, and namely seed selection makes it through two generations.
In addition, from comprehensive evaluation, 8 F2 are 2.55 for the mean value of family, and the F1 generation family mean that 8 are reserved seed for planting also only has 1.27, and control group is only 0.00, illustrate to carry out seed selection by this research method to the golden proterties of nacre, can obtain genetic progress fast.
5, " golden lip family " F1 generation and common piece shell are grown cultured pearls Contrast on effect
Table 6. " golden lip family " F1 generation is grown cultured pearls Contrast on effect
From table 6, the argenteous pearl of pearl that silver-colored lip family is cultivated accounts for 88.8%, and the pearl of the pearl gold that golden lip family is cultivated accounts for 89.9%, but not the pearl color that the common piece shell of seed selection is cultivated is variegated.Prove pearl color and piece shell (shellfish secreting nacre mantle piece is provided) shell inward flange nacre color closely related.Therefore, the seed selection of " golden lip family " is absolutely necessary to cultivation gold pearl.
Embodiment
Be described in further details the present invention below by example, these examples are only used for the present invention is described, do not limit the scope of the invention, the specific embodiment of the invention is implemented by Synthesis and applications two aspect.
Embodiment 1
1, breeding objective and scheme is determined
Breeding objective: with fast growth, shell inward flange nacre gold for breeding goal, cultivation morphological feature is obvious, economic characters are excellent, heritability is stablized, can be used for the pteria martensii piece shell new lines (being called for short " golden lip strain ") of cultivating golden sea water pearls, and the production for " gold pearl " provides kind supporting;
Breeding system: to go through the swarm robotic system seed selection of 6 generations, shell table has pure black radial rib, pteria martensii black shell new lines (the F6 generation of fast growth, see dependence test report and Patent data) be seed selection basic population, on January 15th, 2012 starts to adopt the method selected between family, from the underlying group being mixed with different nacre color type, select the defect individual meeting breeding goal reserve seed for planting, set up some familys and raise up seed (F1 generation), cultivated through 55 days, on March 25th, 2012, each family seedling shell enters the middle training of natural waters up to namely terminating nursery to 1 ~ 2mm and forms, on June 25th, 2013, through the cultivation of about 16 months, each family individuality reached trimmed size, by calculating breeding value and comprehensive evaluation progressively superseded family inferior, start the breeding process in family F2 generation on June 30th, 2013, adopt the method for individual choice in family, worst individual is eliminated by generation in family, to select and remain the superior families surmounting basic population, meet original selective goal, each family larva was cultivated through 55 days, to on August 25th, 2013, grow up to shell up to the seedling to 1-2mm, namely seedling is transferred to natural waters carry out middle training and form, and then with breeding value and comprehensive evaluation, quality judge being carried out to family, in seed selection fast growth, shell, nacre edge color is the piece shell new lines of proof gold look, according to pteria martensii growth and 1 year i.e. sexual maturity feature, the generation interval of setting seed selection is 1.5 years, and seed selection, process of the test and popularization place from now on are all positioned at pearl breedinmg marine site, the Lezhou Peninsula, the North Sea.
2, the basic law of gold pearl layer character inheritance
According to investigation and research, at the black shell new lines F6 of non-golden seed selection in colony, the individuality with pure gold pearl layer only occupies about 12%, also has the gold of some individuals more light in addition, do not list pure gold pearl layer scope in, golden from shallow to deeply presenting gradual change; In addition, in each family through the seed selection of generation gold pearl layer, golden phenotypic ratio is increased to about 45%; Can think from above-mentioned two performances, the golden proterties of nacre is a heritable quantitative character, and it is effective for carrying out seed selection to it.
3, gold pearl layer piece shell Juvenile stage
On January 15th, 2012 is from the cultivation pteria martensii of 16 months black shell new lines (F6) colony, by 10% rate of reserving seed for planting choose shell high arrange front 10% individuality, stay in these individualities again and select gonad maturity individual, dissect, check nacre color, selecting nacre edge in shell is the female, male individual of pure gold, forms 12 pairs of familys, carry out gold pearl layer family (being called for short " golden lip family ") seed selection, to cultivating the mantle piece providing secretion gold pearl layer for " gold pearl "; 12 each character value statistics of family are as following table 1.
Table 1. is for cultivating 12 couples of parents and the control group proterties of " golden lip family " F1 generation
Tab. 1 Characters of the parents for the F1 golden pearl layer lines of
Pinctada martensii
4, gold pearl layer piece shell family full-sibs is set up
On January 15th, 2012 method according to the single pairing of male and female, set up 12 family full-sibses, be numbered FG1-1 ~ FG1-12, during insemination, sperm, ovum are put into respectively the Plastic Drum of 10L, control smart ovum ratio, have around general 1 ovum 2-4 sperm just can, fertilized egg is moved into 0.4m through 75 μm of aperture strainer filterings after half an hour by inflation
3in the nursery bucket of water body, larval density is as the criterion by minimum one group, adjusts each group and cultivates density to unified; Seeling industry is undertaken by shellfish hatchery conventional method, ensures that each family breeding condition is consistent;
5, each gold pearl layer piece shell family (being called for short " golden lip " family) F1 generation Analysis on Economic Traits
On March 25th, 2012 starts carry out middle training and form, and is undertaken by pteria martensii conventional cultivation method, but must ensure the uniformity of each family in cultivation density, cultivation instrument, mariculture area, cultivation water layer, operational administrative; Through the cultivation of about 16 months, on June 25th, 2013 carried out the mensuration of each economic characters, the cultivation survival rate (referring to that each family is individual from the high survival rate of supporting to Finished product processThe of average 1.5cm shell) of each family; Therefrom randomly draw 30 individualities, its shell long (SL), shell high (SH), shell wide (SW) and body weight (TW) are measured; Morphological characters is with electronic cursor kind of calliper, and accuracy is ± 0.01mm; Weight proterties is measured with electronic balance, and accuracy is ± 0.01g; Randomly draw 100 individualities respectively from each family, observe nacre color after opening shell, the number of statistics proof gold look nacre, calculates the phenotypic ratio of proof gold look nacre.Computing formula: proof gold look nacre phenotypic ratio=N1/N0 × 100%, wherein, N1 has the individual number identical with the proof gold look nacre of parent in F1, and N0 is for observing sum;
Character pair ratio after table 2. " golden lip family " each F1 generation cultivates 16 months with common piece shell
Remarks: above-mentioned data are mean+SD; Same column upper right corner letter be the result of multiple comparisons (
p<0.05); Lower same.
As seen from Table 2, from the cultivation pteria martensii of 16 months black shell new lines (F6) colony, high 12 familys arranging the individuality structure of front 10% of shell are chosen by 10% rate of reserving seed for planting, each F1 generation cultivates proterties after 16 months all outstanding performance, the proterties such as shell high, shell wide, body weight, phenotypic ratio long at shell is all significantly greater than control group (
p<0.05).In survival rate, FG1-4, FG1-9, FG1-11 are significantly lower than control group FG01(
p<0.05), FG1-1, FG1-2, FG1-7, FG1-12 and control group there was no significant difference (
p>0.05), FG1-3, FG1-5, FG1-6, FG1-8, FG1-10 all significantly (
p<0.05) control group is greater than, wherein the highest with FG1-10, secondly FG1-6, again FG1-8.On proof gold look nacre phenotypic ratio, the ratio of breeding the black shell new lines (F6) of basic population is 13%, the ratio in the control group FG01 generation of being bred by its colony (G0) is 12%, illustrate that proof gold look nacre phenotypic ratio can not produce genetic progress when non-seed selection, and through 12 familys of seed selection, golden phenotypic ratio on average reaches 44.08%, illustrates that this proterties obtains genetic progress, proves that gold pearl layer proterties can heredity thus.
6, " golden lip " family F1 generation breeding value and comprehensive evaluation calculate
The proterties that each family participates in assessment comprises: shell is high, shell is wide, body weight, survival rate, gold pearl layer phenotypic ratio; Use Kung breeding value and comprehensive evaluation (
pi) each family is evaluated, with each family comprehensive evaluation (
pi) mean value as starting point of reserving seed for planting, eliminate each family under mean value, realize breeding goal between family, to strengthen the genetic progress of family;
The Kung breeding value of table 3. " golden lip family " F1 generation and comprehensive evaluation
Tab.3 The Kung values and the overall values of the F2 golden pearl layer family
As seen from Table 3,12 family F1 generations cultivate each proterties breeding value after 16 months all outstanding performance., the proterties such as shell high, shell wide, body weight, phenotypic ratio long at shell is all significantly greater than control group.In survival rate, FG1-4, FG1-9, FG1-11 are significantly lower than control group, FG01, FG1-1, FG1-2, FG1-7, FG1-12 and control group there was no significant difference, FG1-3, FG1-5, FG1-6, FG1-8, FG1-10 are all significantly greater than control group, wherein the highest with FG1-10, secondly FG1-6, again FG1-8.
In comprehensive evaluation, if compared with control group, then each family all can be reserved seed for planting, and wherein family FG1-2, FG1-6, FG1-8, FG1-10 are fitst water; If with family mean value 1.18 for starting point is considered to reserve seed for planting, then FG1-1, FG1-2, FG1-3, FG1-6, FG1-7, FG1-8, FG1-9, FG1-10 all can reserve seed for planting, and all the other 4 familys are eliminated, and realize breeding goal between family.A kind of after this method adopts, to strengthen the genetic progress of family.
7, " golden lip " family F1 generation is reserved seed for planting individual choice in family
In family, the objective trait of individual choice is still shell height and nacre color; The method selected is the individuality of before first choosing in each family that shell is high and arranging 20%, dissect choosing individuality, check nacre color, the individuality with pure gold pearl layer is reserved seed for planting, dark not, the non-gold of superseded gold or mix the individuality of other color, each 60 of each family of quantity of reserving seed for planting; Finally, family F2 generation is bred with individuality of reserving seed for planting by preceding method;
8, the Analysis on Economic Traits in " golden lip " family F2 generation and breeding value and comprehensive evaluation calculate
With step 5 and 6;
Table 4. " golden lip family " each F2 generation cultivate 16 months with common piece shell after character pair ratio
Remarks: above-mentioned data are mean+SD; Same column upper right corner letter be the result of multiple comparisons (
p<0.05).
" golden lip family " each F2 generation cultivation after 16 months proterties in table 4, as seen from Table 4, except each family population mean of survival rate and control group difference are not remarkable, the shell of all familys is long, shell is high, shell is wide, full weight, golden phenotypic ratio are all significantly greater than control group FG02(
p<0.05), illustrate that the advantage of " golden lip family " F1 generation of respectively reserving seed for planting obtains heredity.The more important thing is, the main target of seed selection " the golden proterties of nacre " phenotypic ratio from the average 47%(of F1 generation in F1 generation of reserving seed for planting) rise to 85%, in 12 family F2 generation, reaches " golden lip family " F2 when reaching more than 80% for the golden purifying rate of nacre, can meet the breeding objective of need of production.
The Kung breeding value in table 5. gold pearl layer family F2 generation and comprehensive evaluation
Tab.5 The Kung values and the overall values of the F2 golden pearl layer family
As seen from Table 5,8 each proterties breeding values of F2 family, except survival rate average compared with control group difference not quite except, other each index is all significantly greater than control group, especially golden phenotypic ratio, control group is 11.85%, and the mean value in each family F2 generation then reaches 84.9%, and family F1 generation also only has 43.49%.Illustrate that to carry out the effect of seed selection to the golden proterties of nacre fairly obvious, and namely seed selection makes it through two generations.
In addition, from comprehensive evaluation, 8 F2 are 2.55 for the mean value of family, and the F1 generation family mean that 8 are reserved seed for planting also only has 1.27, and control group is only 0.00, illustrate to carry out seed selection by this research method to the golden proterties of nacre, can obtain genetic progress fast.
9, the incubation of gold pearl layer family piece shell
The purposes of gold pearl layer piece shell is to cultivate the golden sea water pearls of high yield and high quality, in order to test the effect of growing cultured pearls of " golden lip " piece shell family, nucleus insertion and pearl experiment is carried out during March 28 to April 10 in 2014, after " golden lip family " F1 generation cultivates 12 months, therefrom choose the individuality that nacre is pure gold and secretory cell small pieces are provided, cultivate pearl, investigate gold pearl formation rate, and contrast with " the silver-colored lip family " of seminar's seed selection and the ordinary group of non-seed selection; Experiment is grown cultured pearls about 9 months cycle, and end of day experiment December 30 in 2014, organizes expert to carry out on-the-spot test by Administration of Ocean and Fisheries of Guangdong Province and to grow cultured pearls effect; Simultaneously by the Analysis on Economic Traits to " golden lip " family F2 generation, reach seed selection requirement; Comprehensive above two results, have selected and have had the productivity of cultivating the golden sea water pearls of high yield and high quality and " golden lip " the piece shell family with good promotion prospect.
Table 6. " golden lip family " F1 generation is grown cultured pearls Contrast on effect
From table 6, the argenteous pearl of pearl that silver-colored lip family is cultivated accounts for 88.8%, and the pearl of the pearl gold that golden lip family is cultivated accounts for 89.9%, but not the pearl color that the common piece shell of seed selection is cultivated is variegated.Prove pearl color and piece shell (shellfish secreting nacre mantle piece is provided) shell inward flange nacre color closely related.Therefore, the seed selection of " golden lip family " is absolutely necessary to cultivation gold pearl.
specification annex
Test report 1:
Test report 1 black shell strain (F6) and the common cultured population performance comparison of non-seed selection (cultivating 18 months)
| Proterties | Black shell chromaticity system | Ordinary group | Increase rate (%) |
| Shell is high | 69.85 a±4.11 | 59.67 b±3.82 | 17.1 |
| Shell is wide | 29.13 a±1.52 | 23.65 b±1.76 | 23.2 |
| Full weight | 48.48 a±4.47 | 34.54 b±3.32 | 40.4 |
| Survival rate (%) | 62.54 a±1.17 | 48.23 b±1.03 | 29.7 |
| Shell colour purity rate (%) | 100(black) | Variegated | / |
From test report 1, the aspects such as black shell product tie up to that shell is high, shell is wide, full weight and survival rate all significantly (
p<0.05) ordinary group is better than; This strain black shell colour purity rate reaches 100%, and ordinary group is then in variegated state, and therefore black shell look can be used as the morphological genetic markers of this strain.
Test report 2
The purposes of black shell strain is to cultivate high yield and high quality sea water pearls.In order to test the effect of growing cultured pearls of black shell strain, during year January in April, 2012 to 2013, carried out nucleus insertion and pearl test, control group is the non-seed selection ordinary group of pteria martensii of local cultivation.On January 30th, 2013, the following test report 2 of the fieldtesting results organizing expert to carry out by Administration of Ocean and Fisheries of Guangdong Province:
Test report 2. black shell strain (F6) and non-seed selection ordinary group are grown cultured pearls effectiveness comparison (2012.4-2013.1)
| Economic indicator | Black shell strain | Ordinary group | Black shell strain increase rate (%) |
| Insert the maternal quantity (only) of core | 100000 | 50000 | / |
| Survival rate (%) | 67.9 | 60.6 | 12.0 |
| Insert ten thousand shellfishes results commodity pearl quality (kg) | 2.61 | 2.20 | 18.6 |
| Excellent pearl rate (%) | 42.4 | 31.3 | 35.5 |
| Secondary pearl rate (%) | 10.9 | 13.5 | -19.3 |
From test report 2, black shell strain 4 desired values of growing cultured pearls all significantly are better than ordinary group, and phase survival rate of wherein growing cultured pearls improves 12.0%, and pearl production improves 18.6%, and excellent pearl rate improves 35.5%, and secondary (bad) pearl rate decreases 19.3%.Prove thus, the black shell strain that the present invention cultivates has the performance of cultivating high yield and high quality sea water pearls, is a strain with good popularizing application prospect.
Claims (1)
1., for cultivating a selection for the pteria martensii gold pearl layer piece shell family of sea water pearls, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1) breeding objective: with fast growth, shell inward flange nacre gold for breeding goal, cultivation morphological feature is obvious, economic characters are excellent, heritability is stablized, for cultivating the pteria martensii piece shell new lines of golden sea water pearls, be called for short " golden lip strain ", the production for " gold pearl " provides kind supporting;
(2) breeding system: to go through the swarm robotic system seed selection of 6 generations, shell table has pure black radial rib, the black shell new lines F6 of pteria martensii of fast growth is on behalf of seed selection basic population, adopt the method selected between family and select in family, from the underlying group being mixed with different nacre color type, select the defect individual meeting breeding goal reserve seed for planting, set up some familys and raise up seed, progressively family inferior is eliminated between family, worst individual is eliminated by generation in family, select and remain and surmount basic population, meet the superior families of original selective goal, and then with breeding value and comprehensive evaluation, quality judge is carried out to family, seed selection fast growth, in shell, nacre edge color is the piece shell new lines of proof gold look, the generation interval of setting seed selection is 1.5 years,
(3) basic law of gold pearl layer character inheritance is:
At the black shell new lines F6 of non-golden seed selection in colony, the individuality with pure gold pearl layer only occupies about 12%, also has the gold of some individuals more light in addition, does not list pure gold pearl layer scope in, golden from shallow to deeply presenting gradual change; In addition, in each family through the seed selection of generation gold pearl layer, golden phenotypic ratio is increased to about 45%; Can think from above-mentioned two performances, the golden proterties of nacre is a heritable quantitative character, and it is effective for carrying out seed selection to it;
(4) being chosen as of gold pearl layer piece shell parent:
From the cultivation pteria martensii of 16 months black shell new lines F6 colony, by 10% rate of reserving seed for planting choose shell high arrange front 10% individuality, stay in these individualities again and select gonad maturity individual, dissect, check nacre color, selecting nacre edge in shell is the female, male individual of pure gold, form 12 pairs of familys, carry out gold pearl layer family, be called for short " golden lip family " seed selection, for " gold pearl " cultivates the mantle piece providing secretion gold pearl layer;
(5) being established as of gold pearl layer piece shell family full-sibs:
According to the method for the single pairing of male and female, set up 12 family full-sibses, during insemination, sperm, ovum are put into respectively the Plastic Drum of 10L, control smart ovum ratio, have 2 ~ 4 sperms around general 1 ovum, fertilized egg is moved into 0.4m through 75 μm of aperture strainer filterings after half an hour by inflation
3in the nursery bucket of water body, larval density is as the criterion by minimum one group, adjusts each group and cultivates density to unified; Seeling industry is undertaken by shellfish hatchery conventional method, ensures that each family breeding condition is consistent;
(6) each gold pearl layer piece shell family, being called for short " golden lip " family F1 generation Analysis on Economic Traits is:
Middle training and forming is undertaken by pteria martensii conventional cultivation method, ensures the uniformity of each family in cultivation density, cultivation instrument, mariculture area, cultivation water layer, operational administrative; Through the cultivation of 16 months, determine the cultivation survival rate of each family, namely refer to that each family is individual from the high survival rate of supporting to Finished product processThe of average 1.5cm shell; Therefrom randomly draw 30 individualities, the long SL of its shell, shell height SH, shell wide SW and body weight TW are measured; Morphological characters is with electronic cursor kind of calliper, and accuracy is ± 0.01mm; Weight proterties is measured with electronic balance, and accuracy is ± 0.01g; Randomly draw 100 individualities respectively from each family, observe nacre color after opening shell, the number of statistics proof gold look nacre, calculates the phenotypic ratio of proof gold look nacre; Computing formula:
Proof gold look nacre phenotypic ratio=N1/N0 × 100%
Wherein, N1 has the individual number identical with the proof gold look nacre of parent in F1, and N0 is for observing sum;
(7) being calculated as of " golden lip " family F1 generation breeding value and comprehensive evaluation:
The proterties that each family participates in assessment comprises: shell is high, shell is wide, body weight, survival rate, gold pearl layer phenotypic ratio; Use Kung breeding value and comprehensive evaluation
p i each family is evaluated, with each family comprehensive evaluation
p i mean value as starting point of reserving seed for planting, eliminate each family under mean value, realize breeding goal between family, to strengthen the genetic progress of family;
(8) individual choice that " golden lip " family F1 generation is reserved seed for planting in family is:
In family, the objective trait of individual choice is still shell height and nacre color, the method selected is the individuality of before first choosing in each family that shell is high and arranging 20%, dissect choosing individuality, check nacre color, the individuality with pure gold pearl layer is reserved seed for planting, dark not, the non-gold of superseded gold or mix the individuality of other color, each 60 of each family of quantity of reserving seed for planting; Finally, family F2 generation is bred with individuality of reserving seed for planting by preceding method;
(9) Analysis on Economic Traits in " golden lip " family F2 generation and breeding value and comprehensive evaluation are calculated as:
Same step (6) and (7).
(10) incubation of gold pearl layer family piece shell is:
The purposes of gold pearl layer piece shell is to cultivate the golden sea water pearls of high yield and high quality, in order to test the effect of growing cultured pearls of " golden lip " piece shell family, carry out nucleus insertion and pearl test, control group is the pteria martensii ordinary group of local cultivation, the on-the-spot test organizing expert to carry out by Administration of Ocean and Fisheries of Guangdong Province, simultaneously to the Analysis on Economic Traits in " golden lip " family F2 generation, reach seed selection requirement, selected and there is the productivity of cultivating the golden sea water pearls of high yield and high quality and " golden lip " the piece shell family with good promotion prospect.
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| CN111972331A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-24 | 北部湾大学 | Method for cultivating bead-breeding receptor pinctada fucata martensii |
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