CN112931329A - Method for cultivating golden yellow free nucleated pearls - Google Patents
Method for cultivating golden yellow free nucleated pearls Download PDFInfo
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- CN112931329A CN112931329A CN202110201094.9A CN202110201094A CN112931329A CN 112931329 A CN112931329 A CN 112931329A CN 202110201094 A CN202110201094 A CN 202110201094A CN 112931329 A CN112931329 A CN 112931329A
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- 239000011049 pearl Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C2=C1 FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241001490476 Pinctada maxima Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009278 visceral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 9
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000490567 Pinctada Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241001212699 Pinctada martensii Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000879903 Pteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000692870 Inachis io Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000255969 Pieris brassicae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010984 cultured pearl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002149 gonad Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SWGJCIMEBVHMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;6-oxido-4-sulfo-5-[(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C1=CC=C2C(N=NC3=C4C(=CC(=CC4=CC=C3O)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C2=C1 SWGJCIMEBVHMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
- A01K61/56—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels for pearl production
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating golden yellow free nucleated pearls, which belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and comprises the steps of selecting healthy large nacre golden-lip pearls as small pearls and healthy nacre as receptor pearls, and then sequentially carrying out the operation processes of nucleus planting operation, pearl cultivating resting and pearl cultivating and the like, wherein the pearl cultivating time of the pearl cultivating and the like is 18-24 months in a sea area, so that golden yellow free nucleated pearls are obtained; the method utilizes the pinctada maxima and the pinctada maxima to carry out nucleus planting and pearl culturing to culture golden yellow free nucleated pearls, has high survival rate of the pearl culturing pearls, high nacre secretion speed and high pearl layer thickness, is suitable for artificial nucleus planting and pearl culturing production of the pinctada maxima, is easy to popularize and apply in seawater pearl production enterprises and farmers, and has remarkable social benefit and economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for cultivating golden yellow free nucleated pearls.
Background
Most pearls in the world jewelry market are artificially cultured pearls, and most of the pearls with nuclei are cultured. The cultivation of nucleated pearls requires that a pearl nucleus is implanted into the visceral sac (gonad) of a receptor shell (also called an operation shell), meanwhile, a small mantle piece from a small shell is implanted, the transplanted small mantle piece is proliferated to form a pearl sac to wrap the pearl nucleus, and then pearl sac cells secrete nacres to deposit nacres on the surface of the pearl nucleus to form pearls.
The big nacre and the nacre belong to the genus nacre. Pinctada maxima is also called white butterfly oyster and is used for cultivating golden and silvery white large south American pearls. The pearl color of the big nacre pearl shell which is golden yellow on the edge of the pearl layer on the inner surface of the shell is called golden lip shell (Gold lip pearl oyster), the Silver lip shell which is silvery white on the edge of the pearl layer is called Silver lip oyster (Silver lip pearl oyster), the pearl color cultivated by the big nacre pearl oyster is mostly golden yellow, the pearl color cultivated by the Silver lip oyster is mostly silvery white, and the golden pearl cultivated by the big nacre pearl oyster is the south American pearl which is sold with the highest price at present. The large pearl shells naturally distributed in the sea area in China are mostly silver lip shells with silvery white pearl layer edges and a small amount of golden lip shells with golden yellow pearl layer edges. The pearl cultured by the nacre is a black pearl, the color of the pearl is from light gray to dark black, the luster is unique, the black base is accompanied with various colorful colors, and the pearl is called as a fantasy pearl. The nacre has a wide color series and a large number of varieties from white, gray, red to dark black, and the like, but most of the cultivated black pearls are light black series pearls such as silver gray, gray black, gray white, purple red, and the like, and the high-quality high-value black pearls are dark black, dark green, peacock green, and strong luster. Due to the limitation of shellfish sources and pearl culture technologies, the quantity of pearls cultured by nacre and big nacre in China is rare, and the quality of the pearls is poorer than that of imported south ocean pearls. Therefore, the consumption of large south ocean pearls in China still depends on import. In order to revitalize the seawater pearl industry and promote the continuous and healthy development of the pearl industry, the pearl culture technology must be innovated and a new pearl product is developed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a method for culturing golden yellow free nucleated pearls, which can obtain the high-quality golden yellow free nucleated pearls by using large nacre golden-lipped shells as small-piece shells and using nacre as a receptor shell for nucleus implantation operation, and has good application prospect and popularization value.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method of breeding golden yellow free nucleated pearls, the method comprising:
selecting healthy pinctada maxima and pinctada maxima as small-piece shells, selecting healthy pinctada maxima as receptor shells, and sequentially performing nucleus planting operation, pearl culturing shell rest culture and pearl culturing shell sea area culture to obtain golden yellow free nucleated pearls.
Furthermore, the age of the pinctada maxima and the golden labiate is 10-15 months, and the shell height is 7-11 cm.
Furthermore, the age of the nacre is 18-24 months, and the shell height is 9-12 cm.
Furthermore, one nucleus is implanted into the visceral sac of each receptor shellfish in the nucleus implanting operation, the nucleus implanting position is a left bag, and the diameter of the nucleus is 6.0-6.3 mm.
Further, the method for recuperating the pearl culturing shell comprises the following steps: a plastic basket is used as a resting cage, small holes are distributed around the plastic basket, the plastic basket is covered, the operated pearl-breeding shellfishes are densely arranged in the basket from the abdomen to the top, the number of the shellfishes is suitable for the shellfishes to be freely opened, and the resting period is 30-35 days.
Furthermore, the pearl culturing is carried out according to a conventional method, and the culturing time of the pearl culturing is 18-24 months.
Research shows that the color of the pearl layer of the small shell determines the color of the cultivated pearl. Therefore, the large nacre, golden-lip pearl shell with golden pearl layer edge is selected as a small-piece pearl shell, the nacre with strong pearl layer luster is selected as a receptor pearl shell, and the nucleus is planted and the pearl is cultured to cultivate golden yellow free nucleated pearl.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the big nacre and the nacre belong to the nacre, the relative relationship is close, the rejection effect of the receptor nacre on the transplanted small pieces after the nuclear planting operation is small, the survival rate of the cultured nacre is high, the pearl forming rate is high, and the thickness of the pearl layer is high;
(2) the method utilizes a small amount of large nacre golden-lipped shellfish and the existing large amount of large nacre in the sea area to carry out nucleus implanting operation to produce golden yellow free pearls, so as to meet the large demand of consumers on golden yellow pearls, increase the species of pearl culture, change the traditional thinking that the nacre (black pteria) can only produce black pearls and the large nacre (white pteria) can only produce golden and silvery pearls, change the current situation that the variety of seawater pearl culture in China is single, and improve the pearl culture benefit.
Detailed Description
The following further describes a specific embodiment of the present invention with specific examples, which are intended to describe the technical solution in detail, but not to limit the technical solution. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The invention provides a method for cultivating golden yellow free nucleated pearls, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting small shellfish: selecting large nacre, golden-lip shell with a smooth shell surface, golden yellow edge and strong luster of the pearl layer on the inner surface of the shell, the age of the shell being 10 months, and the height of the shell being 7cm as a small shell;
(2) selecting a receptor shell: selecting Pinctada martensii with a regular shell shape, a strong luster of the nacreous layer on the inner surface of the shell, age of the shell of 18 months and shell height of 9cm as a receptor shell;
(3) and (3) nuclear implantation operation: performing a nucleus implanting operation according to a conventional method, wherein each receptor shell is implanted with one nucleus, the nucleus implanting position is a left bag, and the diameter of the nucleus is 6.0 mm;
(4) recuperating the pearl culturing shells: the resting cage is a plastic basket with the length of 350mm, the width of 350mm and the height of 130mm, the plastic basket is covered, small holes are distributed around the plastic basket, the abdomen of the pearl-breeding shellfish after operation is densely arranged in the basket upwards, 24 shellfish are filled in each basket, and the resting period is 30 days;
(5) culturing pearl shells: after the resting period is finished, moving the pearl-breeding shellfishes into a piece cage for breeding, wherein the width of the piece cage is 55cm, the length of the piece cage is 72cm, the piece cage is divided into 3 partitions, 5 shells are packed every other, 15 shells are packed in each cage, breeding of the pearl-breeding shellfishes is carried out according to a conventional method, and the breeding time of the pearl-breeding shellfishes in the sea area is 18 months.
Example 2
The invention provides a method for cultivating golden yellow free nucleated pearls, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting small shellfish: selecting large nacre, golden-lip shell with a smooth shell surface, golden yellow edge and strong luster of the pearl layer on the inner surface of the shell, 12 months old and 8cm high shell as small pieces of shell;
(2) selecting a receptor shell: selecting nacre with regular shell shape, strong luster of nacre layer on inner surface of shell, 20 months old, and 10cm high shell as receptor shell;
(3) and (3) nuclear implantation operation: performing a nucleus implanting operation according to a conventional method, wherein each receptor shell is implanted with one nucleus, the nucleus implanting position is a left bag, and the diameter of the nucleus is 6.1 mm;
(4) recuperating the pearl culturing shells: the resting cage is a plastic basket with the length of 400mm, the width of 400mm and the height of 140mm, the plastic basket is covered, small holes are distributed around the plastic basket, the abdomen of the pearl-breeding shellfish after operation is densely arranged in the basket upwards, 24 shellfish are contained in each basket, and the resting period is 32 days;
(5) culturing pearl shells: after the resting period is finished, moving the pearl-breeding shellfishes into a piece cage for breeding, wherein the width of the piece cage is 55cm, the length of the piece cage is 72cm, the piece cage is divided into 3 partitions, 5 shells are packed every other, 15 shells are packed in each cage, breeding of the pearl-breeding shellfishes is carried out according to a conventional method, and the breeding time of the pearl-breeding shellfishes in the sea area is 20 months.
Example 3
The invention provides a method for cultivating golden yellow free nucleated pearls, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting small shellfish: selecting large nacre and golden-lip shell with smooth shell surface, bright golden yellow pearl layer edge on the inner surface of the shell, 14 months old shell and 9cm high shell as small pieces of shell;
(2) selecting a receptor shell: selecting nacre with regular shell shape, strong luster of nacre layer on inner surface of shell, age of 22 months, and shell height of 11cm as receptor shell;
(3) and (3) nuclear implantation operation: performing a nucleus implanting operation according to a conventional method, wherein each receptor shell is implanted with one nucleus, the nucleus implanting position is a left bag, and the diameter of the nucleus is 6.2 mm;
(4) recuperating the pearl culturing shells: the resting cage is a plastic basket with the length of 450mm, the width of 450mm and the height of 150mm, the plastic basket is covered, small holes are distributed around the plastic basket, the abdomen of the pearl-breeding shellfish after operation is densely arranged in the basket upwards, 21 shellfish are contained in each basket, and the resting period is 33 days;
(5) culturing pearl shells: after the resting period is finished, moving the pearl-breeding shellfishes into a piece cage for breeding, wherein the width of the piece cage is 55cm, the length of the piece cage is 72cm, the piece cage is divided into 3 partitions, 4 shells are packed every other, 12 shells are packed in each cage, breeding of the pearl-breeding shellfishes is carried out according to a conventional method, and the breeding time of the pearl-breeding shellfishes in the sea area is 22 months.
Example 4
The invention provides a method for cultivating golden yellow free nucleated pearls, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting small shellfish: selecting large nacre and golden-lip shell with smooth shell surface, bright golden yellow pearl layer edge on the inner surface of the shell, 15 months old and 11cm high shell as small pieces of shell;
(2) selecting a receptor shell: selecting nacre with regular shell shape, strong luster of nacre layer on the inner surface of the shell, 24 months old, and 12cm high shell as receptor shell;
(3) and (3) nuclear implantation operation: performing a nucleus implanting operation according to a conventional method, wherein each receptor shell is implanted with one nucleus, the nucleus implanting position is a left bag, and the diameter of the nucleus is 6.3 mm;
(4) recuperating the pearl culturing shells: the resting cage is a plastic basket with the length of 450mm, the width of 450mm and the height of 150mm, the plastic basket is covered, small holes are distributed around the plastic basket, the abdomen of the pearl-breeding shellfish after operation is densely arranged in the basket upwards, 21 shellfish are contained in each basket, and the resting period is 35 days;
(5) culturing pearl shells: after the resting period is finished, moving the pearl-breeding shellfishes into a piece cage for breeding, wherein the width of the piece cage is 55cm, the length of the piece cage is 72cm, the piece cage is divided into 3 partitions, 4 shells are packed every other, 12 shells are packed in each cage, breeding of the pearl-breeding shellfishes is carried out according to a conventional method, and the breeding time of the pearl-breeding shellfishes in the sea area is 24 months.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that both the small shell and the recipient shell are changed to 18-month old Pinctada martensii.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that both the small shell and the recipient shell are changed to Pinctada martensii which is 24 months old.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 2 is that both the small shell and the recipient shell are changed to nacre of 20 months old.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 4 is that both the small shell and the recipient shell are changed to a pinctada with a age of 24 months.
The pearl-growing effects of the pearls cultured in the above examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were compared, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Pearl cultivation results for different mother shellfish
As can be seen from the table 1, the large nacre perny is selected to be used as a small-piece shell, and the nacre is selected to be used as a receptor shell to carry out nucleus planting and pearl culturing, compared with the nucleus planting and pearl culturing effects of the nacre, the survival rate, the pearl forming rate and the thickness of a pearl layer of the pearl culturing shell are obviously improved, and compared with the nucleus planting and pearl culturing effects of the traditional Pinctada martensii, the survival rate and the thickness of the pearl layer of the pearl culturing shell are also obviously improved. Therefore, the large nacre, the golden-lipped pearl and the nacre serving as receptor pearls are selected to be planted to cultivate golden yellow free nucleated pearls, pearls with better quality can be obtained, and the application prospect is very good.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A method of breeding golden yellow free nucleated pearls, the method comprising:
selecting healthy pinctada maxima and pinctada maxima as small-piece shells, selecting healthy pinctada maxima as receptor shells, and sequentially performing nucleus planting operation, pearl culturing shell rest culture and pearl culturing shell sea area culture to obtain golden yellow free nucleated pearls.
2. The method for cultivating golden yellow free nucleated pearls according to the claim 1, wherein the age of the pinctada maxima pinctada is 10-15 months, and the shell height is 7-11 cm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the nacres have a age of 18-24 months and a shell height of 9-12 cm.
4. The method for culturing golden yellow free nucleated pearls according to the claim 1, wherein the nucleus implanting operation is to implant one nucleus into the visceral sac of each recipient pearl, the nucleus implanting position is a left bag, and the diameter of the nucleus is 6.0-6.3 mm.
5. The method for cultivating golden yellow free nucleated pearls according to the claim 1, wherein the method for recuperating the pearl culture shells is as follows: a plastic basket is used as a resting cage, small holes are distributed around the plastic basket, the plastic basket is covered, the operated pearl-breeding shellfishes are densely arranged in the basket from the abdomen to the top, the number of the shellfishes is suitable for the shellfishes to be freely opened, and the resting period is 30-35 days.
6. The method for cultivating golden yellow free nucleated pearls according to the claim 1, wherein the pearl culturing cultivation is carried out according to a conventional method, and the cultivation time of the pearl culturing pearls is 18-24 months.
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| CN202110201094.9A CN112931329A (en) | 2021-02-23 | 2021-02-23 | Method for cultivating golden yellow free nucleated pearls |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114747519A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-07-15 | 广东海洋大学 | Method for culturing pearl in seawater pearl shell |
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