CN113287552B - Method for synchronously preserving wild pinctada martensii - Google Patents
Method for synchronously preserving wild pinctada martensii Download PDFInfo
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- CN113287552B CN113287552B CN202110728890.8A CN202110728890A CN113287552B CN 113287552 B CN113287552 B CN 113287552B CN 202110728890 A CN202110728890 A CN 202110728890A CN 113287552 B CN113287552 B CN 113287552B
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- wild
- pinctada martensii
- individuals
- pinctada
- martensii
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- 241001212699 Pinctada martensii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004114 suspension culture Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004602 germ cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000026109 gonad development Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002710 gonadal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009399 inbreeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011049 pearl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000512005 Alstonia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000227752 Chaetoceros Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196317 Platymonas Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003653 coastal water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009364 mariculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032696 parturition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for synchronously preserving wild pinctada martensii, which mainly comprises the following specific technical steps: individual selection: selecting 1.5-2.5-year-old wild pinctada martensii individuals 3-5 months per year, wherein the shell height is less than or equal to 65 mm; temporary culture and spawning induction: all wild pinctada martensii individuals are collected in a basket cage for temporary culture and continuous spawning induction, and the density of temporarily cultured seawater is more than 1.016; stage cultivation: the wild pinctada martensii individuals after the hastening are hung and cultured in a deepwater sea area, the individuals with obvious new shells are selected to promote the fertility for 30 days in 9-10 months in autumn, and then the wild pinctada martensii individuals are put into the deepwater sea area to hang and culture for overwintering, so that the synchronous seed conservation of the wild pinctada martensii can be realized. The invention realizes that the survival rate of the wild individual seed retention and selection is more than 61.1 percent, the synchronous fattening rate reaches 94.2 percent, and the utilization efficiency of the wild pinctada martensii is greatly improved. Although the operation process lasts for a long time, the method is convenient to operate, simple in conditions, easy to popularize, suitable for original seed protection, scientific research and industrial breeding application of pinctada martensii, and remarkable in effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for synchronously protecting wild pinctada martensii dunker, and belongs to the technical field of mariculture.
Background
Pinctada martensii (Pinctada martensii) is a main shellfish for producing seawater pearl-south pearl in China. In more than ten years, the quality of seawater pearls in China is poor and the yield is obviously reduced due to pollution of the culture environment, hybrid seed resources of pinctada martensii and lagging culture technology. The wild pinctada martensii population in the non-breeding area has better resource attributes, so that protection and development of germplasm resources of different populations can be considered. However, the currently collected individuals are low in general fertility, and even if the individuals are fattened, the individuals are not developed synchronously, so that most of bred offspring are inherited from a small amount of parent resources due to the asynchronous development, and inbreeding is formed. In order to realize the large-scale utilization and development of the wild pinctada martensii, the synchronous seed conservation of the wild pinctada martensii is realized through individual selection and staged cultivation, and the method has important significance for the resource development and utilization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a synchronous wild pinctada martensii breeding method, which is used for synchronously fattening and breeding wild pinctada martensii groups and solving the problems of asynchronous development and inbreeding caused by direct breeding due to lack of a synchronous breeding step in the conventional breeding mode.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for synchronously preserving wild pinctada martensii seeds mainly comprises the following specific technical steps:
(1) individual selection: selecting 1.5-2.5-year-old wild pinctada martensii individuals in 3-5 months per year, wherein the shell height is less than or equal to 65 mm;
(2) temporary culture and spawning induction: all wild pinctada martensii individuals are collected in a basket cage for temporary culture and continuous spawning induction, and the density of temporarily cultured seawater is more than 1.016;
(3) stage cultivation: the wild pinctada martensii individuals after the hastening are hung and cultured in a deepwater sea area, the individuals with obvious new shells are selected to promote the fertility for 30 days in 9-10 months in autumn, and then the wild pinctada martensii individuals are put into the deepwater sea area to hang and culture for overwintering, so that the synchronous seed conservation of the wild pinctada martensii can be realized.
The continuous induced spawning refers to stimulating the wild pinctada martensii individual for multiple times in a shade drying mode, wherein the stimulation times are more than 3 times, and the discharge of germ cells is promoted;
the suspension culture refers to suspension culture of pinctada martensii by using piles, rafts, cages and the like;
the deep sea area is a sea area with the average water depth of more than 5m and stable environment;
the new shell refers to a new shell part grown by an individual at the time of relative selection;
the fattening refers to feeding and fattening the disease-free shrimp pond with water, keeping the density of the shrimp pond water microalgae to be more than 5000/ml, and promoting the density of the seawater to be fattened to be more than 1.016.
At present, wild pinctada martensii far away from a culture area is extremely asynchronous in development due to the difference of factors such as growth water depth, distribution area and growth age, namely extremely difficult to synchronously fatten under the condition of artificial fertilizer promotion, and is not suitable for large-scale germplasm resource development. The invention realizes that the survival rate of the wild individual seed retention and selection is more than 61.1 percent, the synchronous fattening rate reaches 94.2 percent, and the utilization efficiency of the wild pinctada martensii is greatly improved. Although the operation process is long, the method is convenient to operate, simple in conditions, easy to popularize, suitable for original seed protection, scientific research and industrialized breeding application of pinctada martensii, and obvious in effect.
Detailed Description
Example one
(1) In 3 months, collecting wild pinctada martensii in an ocean with the depth of 3-10 m in the coastal water of northern gulf, and observing that 11.3 percent of wild pinctada martensii have certain gonadal development through an opener, and the rest are poor in development. Selecting 1.5-2.5-age individuals from all wild Pinctada martensii, wherein the shell height standard of the selected individuals is as follows: the shell height is more than 48mm and less than or equal to 65mm, impurities on the body surface are removed, and individuals without obvious invasion of the mollusk and the talent female are selected and observed.
(2) Placing the selected individuals in a plastic basket with a density of 200 pieces/m 2 The plastic basket is placed in a cement pond for temporary culture, the density of seawater is 1.019-1.020, within 10 days, continuous induced spawning is carried out for 3 times by a negative and dry method, 2-3 days are separated every time, no sperm egg is discharged after 3 times of induced spawning, chaetoceros, Platymonas and Alstonia are fed for temporary culture, and water is changed by 100% every day.
(3) Temporarily culturing for 5 days after induction, putting the temporarily cultured individuals into a conical cage to be cultured in a deep-water sea area, wherein the water depth of the sea area is more than 5m, selecting the sea area with the depth to resist the influence of surface wind waves and temperature mutation on wild pinctada martensii individuals, observing that the gonad development of the wild pinctada martensii individuals with unobvious new shells is slow during the period, selecting the wild pinctada martensii individuals with obvious new shells as breeding shells for promoting the fertilization in 9 months, putting the selected wild pinctada martensii into a temporary culture pond, wherein the water depth is 1.2m, feeding shrimp pond water bait daily, the density of microalgae in the shrimp pond water bait is more than 5000/ml, combining the feeding bait with constant-flow water changing, the daily sea water changing amount is about 300%, the seawater density is more than 1.016, culturing for 30 days, observing, the gonad development degree is less than 80%, putting the sea area with the water depth of more than 5m into the deep-water, and culturing for 3 months after overwintering, observing the fullness, and selecting the individuals with better fullness for hastening parturition.
1346 wild captured pinctada martensii individuals are used at this time, 823 individuals are left to be selected and survived, and 775 individuals with better fullness are obtained by 3 months in the next year, so that the requirements of large-scale breeding production are met.
Example two
(1) In 5 months, wild pinctada martensii collected along the coast of northern gulf, and 6.2 percent of the wild pinctada martensii have certain gonadal development and the rest have very poor development through an opener. The specific operation is the same as the first embodiment;
(2) the specific operation is the same as the first embodiment, and the difference is as follows: the density of the seawater is 1.016-1.018;
(3) the specific operation is the same as the first embodiment, and the difference is as follows: the temporary culture time is 10 months, the individuals after the temporary culture are packaged into sheet cages and cultured in a deep sea area through floating ball longlines, wherein the sea area is an island bay, and the water depth is more than 10 m;
434 individuals of pinctada martensii caught in the wild deepwater area are used at this time, 304 individuals are left to be selected and survived, 291 individuals with better fertility are obtained, and the requirements of large-scale breeding production are met.
Claims (1)
1. A method for synchronously preserving wild pinctada martensii, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method mainly comprises the following specific technical steps:
(1) individual selection: selecting 1.5-2.5-year-old wild pinctada martensii individuals 3-5 months per year, wherein the shell height is less than or equal to 65 mm;
(2) temporary culture and spawning induction: all wild pinctada martensii individuals are collected in a basket cage for temporary culture and continuous spawning induction, and the density of temporarily cultured seawater is more than 1.016;
(3) stage cultivation: hoisting and breeding the wild pinctada martensii individuals in the deepwater sea area after the hastening, selecting the individuals with obvious new shells to promote the fertility for 30 days in 9-10 months in autumn, and then putting the individuals in the deepwater sea area to hoist and breed for overwintering, so that the synchronous seed conservation of the wild pinctada martensii can be realized;
the continuous spawning induction is to stimulate the wild pinctada martensii individual for multiple times in a shade drying mode, wherein the stimulation times are more than 3 times, and the discharge of germ cells is promoted;
the suspension culture refers to suspension culture of pinctada martensii by using piles, rafts and cages;
the deep sea area is a sea area with average water depth of more than 5m and stable environment;
the new shell refers to a new shell part grown by an individual at the time of relative selection;
the fattening refers to feeding and fattening the disease-free shrimp pond water, keeping the density of the shrimp pond water microalgae to be more than 5000/ml, and the fattening seawater density to be more than 1.016.
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| CN202110728890.8A CN113287552B (en) | 2021-06-29 | 2021-06-29 | Method for synchronously preserving wild pinctada martensii |
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| CN202110728890.8A CN113287552B (en) | 2021-06-29 | 2021-06-29 | Method for synchronously preserving wild pinctada martensii |
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| CN113287552B true CN113287552B (en) | 2022-09-09 |
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101288387A (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2008-10-22 | 大连水产学院 | Seed production method of Philippines little clam breeding lines |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20070181072A1 (en) * | 2006-02-03 | 2007-08-09 | Davis Russell P | Integrated system of shellfish production and utilization #2 |
| CN101720691A (en) * | 2009-11-24 | 2010-06-09 | 广东海洋大学 | Seed production method for breeding pinctada martensii |
| CN101933475B (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2013-06-05 | 广东海洋大学 | Stage-by-stage pinctada martensii colony selective breeding method |
| CN104605171B (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2017-11-03 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | A kind of method that manually alternative bait carries out bay scallop incubation |
| CN104885978B (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2017-04-19 | 大连海洋大学 | Method for breeding by aid of one-year-old patinopecten yesoensis |
| CN106508759A (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2017-03-22 | 中国水产科学研究院长岛增殖实验站 | Method for synchronous development control of scapharca broughtonii in different geographical populations |
| CN108849657A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-23 | 北海市秀派珠宝有限责任公司 | A kind of pteria martensii incubation breeding method |
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| CN101288387A (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2008-10-22 | 大连水产学院 | Seed production method of Philippines little clam breeding lines |
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