CN102960272A - Quantitative character gene pyramiding breeding method for pinctada fucata - Google Patents
Quantitative character gene pyramiding breeding method for pinctada fucata Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quantitative character gene pyramiding breeding method for pinctada fucata. The method comprises the following steps of: collecting at least three pinctada fucata groups from different sources, constructing F1 generation diallel crossing families, evaluating every each family after cultivating for one year, computing an average breeding value, and selecting families of which the breeding values are ranked at first 50 percent for serving as candidate families for constructing a core breeding family, wherein every each combination comprises at least ten families; screening female and male individuals from the candidate families, selecting female and male individuals which are ranked at first 100 places in sizes for measuring, computing individual breeding values, and sequencing; selecting female and male individuals with highest individual breeding values from families with highest female and male breeding values for mating respectively, selecting female and male individuals of which the individual breeding values are ranked at first places from families of which the female and male breeding values are ranked at second places for mating, and so on, and constructing an F2 generation core breeding family; and constructing multiple generations of families including F3, F4, F5 and the like according to the method for breeding generation after generation to over five generations. Through breeding according to the method, the genetic improvement of every each generation can be over 10 percent, the inbreeding coefficient can be controlled at a set level, and inbreeding depression is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fishery breeding field, be specifically related to a kind of Hepu nacre Quantitative Trait Genes pyramiding breeding method.
Background technology
Hepu nacre (
Pinctada fucata) be important mariculture shellfish and the main female shellfish that produces pearl, the Hepu pearl that civilization is far and near, namely " Nan Zhu " is exactly that this shellfish produces.Hepu nacre is mainly lived in the Perenniporia martius sea area.The the researching and producing of China Hepu nacre cultured pearl starts from twentieth century mid-term, artificial pearl culture success in 1958, nineteen sixty-five artificial breeding success, indicate that Hepu nacre enters total man worker and cultivates the epoch, namely utilize the seedling of artificial propagation to cultivate, select ripe individuality after forming and carry out again artificial propagation, form the closed circulation system.Through after more than 40 years propagate artificially, because the breeding method of shortage science, system, the problems such as individual miniaturization, cultivation hydraulic performance decline, lethality height and pearl quality be poor have appearred, it is very urgent therefore to cultivate the good Hepu nacre new varieties of productivity.
The cultivation work of China's improved seeds was since 1974, done by South Sea aquatic products research institute and Haikang County drift sand pearl occasion, utilize Hepu nacre (female parent) and large nacre (male parent) to hybridize, be intended to cultivate individual large, growth is fast, survival rate is high, and premunition is strong, and is suitable for inserting the new varieties of macronucleus.Jiang Weiguo etc. (1983) also once carried out Hepu nacre, Pinctada chemnitzi (
Pinctada chemnitzi) and large nacre (
Pinctada maxima) interspecific cross test and cultivated F2, but be not real hybrid to the filial generation that studies show that of offspring's chromosome, isozymogram and proterties.Afterwards, Jiang Weiguo equals to rise in 1987 the work of beginning pteria martensii polyploid breeding.Under the support of " 95 " 863 major projects, nacre triploid seedling production and grow cultured pearls and reach the pilot scale level is grown cultured pearls with the nacre triploid, bead yield rate improves 25%, large pearl and middle pearl ratio obviously improve, and the pearl average weight improves 14.3%, demonstrates the good proterties of growing cultured pearls.But triploid operation in the production of hybrid seeds is loaded down with trivial details and inductivity is unstable, has limited its large-scale application on producing.
" 15 " and the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period China carried out Hepu nacre and selected breeding research, utilize respectively the hybridization of India's Hepu nacre and Japanese Hepu nacre and Sanya Hepu nacre and Daya Gulf Hepu nacre, made up geographical hybrid Population strain, some units have also made up family.Wherein the applicant has reported the genetic analysis result who utilizes Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan Hepu nacre to make up the diallel cross family, and Quantitative Trait Genes pyramiding breeding technology is carried out hereditary and selection, the research of cultivating improved seeds there is not yet report but adopt on the basis of diallel cross family.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for a kind of method that improves the Hepu nacre quantitative character, cultivates new varieties is provided.The method is to realize a kind of breeding technique of good Quantitative Trait Genes rapid polymerization on the basis of diallel cross family by excellent-excellent combination, and key step is as follows:
(1) basic family makes up: collect the Hepu nacre colony of at least 3 separate sources, make up F1 for the diallel cross family, each makes up at least 10 familys, and the condition of growing seedlings with cultivating of each family is identical;
(2) the family evaluation with select and remain: cultivating 1 anniversary or per generation estimated each family when the identical culture-cycle, each family random measurement is individual more than 500, calculate average breeding value, then carry out the family ordering according to breeding value, at least 30 familys before the breeding value of the selecting and remain row are as the candidate's family that makes up second generation family;
(3) individual evaluation and parent's selection: the screening male and female are individual in candidate's family, select the male and female individuality of large float front 100 to measure, calculate individual breeding value, ordering;
(4) structure of second generation family: from the family of male and female breeding value maximum, select respectively the male and female stud mating of individual breeding value maximum, the male and female stud mating of from the family that the male and female breeding value ranked second, selecting individual breeding value ranked first, by that analogy, carry out strong combination, avoid simultaneously the interior mating of family and inbreeding coefficient to surpass mating between the individuality of threshold value, make up F2 for core breeding family;
(5) repeating step (1)～(4) make up that F3, F4, F5 etc. are many to carry out more than for many generations seed selection to 5 generation for family.At this moment, generally no longer eliminate family, the need that really need to eliminate in time replenish new family, and family quantity is remained on more than 30.
Step (1) is to make up F1 for the diallel cross family in male and female 1:1 ratio.
The concrete operations of step (2) are: carry out the family evaluation during in the identical culture-cycle in cultivation 1 anniversary or per generation, each family random sampling is measured more than 500, measure that characteristic index comprises that shell is long, shell is high, shell is wide and body weight etc., then utilize ASReml software to calculate the breeding value of each family based on the linear mixed model of BLUP, then carry out the family ordering according to breeding value, and number by size, according to the quantity of the basic family family quantity of determining to select and remain, can select and remain 50% or 60%, the family of selecting and remain is remained on more than 30.
The concrete operations of step (3) are: before mating season, in the situation that male and female are differentiated easily the family of selecting and remain is selected respectively 100 maximum individualities by male and female and carry out proterties measurement, the calculating of individual breeding value and ordering; The next unification of situation that is difficult to accurately to differentiate in male and female selects that 100 maximum individualities are measured, the family breeding value is calculated and ordering; Under the sex known case, the male and female individuals of breeding value maximum is the candidate parent in each family, and same sex candidate parent sorts between family; Next No. 1 is the candidate parent by the ordering of individual breeding value size in the sex unknown situation, determine sex after, next number first opposite sex appears and then be the candidate parent of another sex.
The concrete operations of step (4) are: under the sex known case, according to candidate parent breeding value ranking results, No. 1 male parent and No. 1 female parent's pairing, No. 2 male parents and No. 2 female parent's pairings, the rest may be inferred, but avoid male and female pairing in the same family, avoid inbreeding coefficient to surpass parent's pairing of threshold value; In the situation of sex the unknown, select first No. 1 candidate parent of No. 1 family, dissect and determine sex, then seek No. 1 pairing of opposite sex and No. 1 family since No. 1 individuality of No. 2 familys, then seek in order the most front opposite sex pairing of another sex and No. 3 family ranks in No. 1 family, finish all in twos mating by same procedure, but will avoid positive and negative mating between two familys, avoid simultaneously inbreeding coefficient to surpass mating between the individuality of threshold value.
The invention has the advantages that:
Because Some Economic Traits all is quantitative character absolutely mostly, quantitative character is usually by a lot of gene controls, different genes effect size is variant, adopt this method that outstanding gene is aggregated on the same individuality with the fastest speed, but Effective Raise Breeding Efficiency, cultivate colory new varieties, enriched the variety source of China shellfish; In addition, inbreeding will produce inbreeding depression, be the key factor of breeding failure, adopt this method effectively to control inbreeding level, prevent inbreeding depression.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment, but be not limited to this.
Embodiment
A kind of Hepu nacre Quantitative Trait Genes pyramiding breeding method comprises the steps:
(1) from the Sanya, marine site or the plant in 3 areas such as North Sea, Xuwen collect respectively the Hepu nacre parent more than 200, select proper, complete, a disease-free individuality of body profile, measure that shell is long, shell is high, shell is wide and the index such as body weight, utilize the diallel cross mode to make up F1 for basic family in male and female 1:1 ratio.Each combination makes up 10 above familys, and total family is at 90.The seedling breeding condition of all familys as far as possible control is carried out under the same conditions, moves on to the sea area and cultivates with cylinder mould when seedling reaches to emerge about 1mm, and the conditions such as breeding density are identical.Other aquaculture management measures are identical with conventional production.
(2) the family evaluation is carried out in cultivation during 1 anniversary, to 500 individualities of each family random measurement, measure that characteristic index comprises that shell is long, shell is high, shell is wide and body weight etc., then utilize ASReml software to calculate genetic parameters and the family breeding value of each family based on the linear mixed model of BLUP, then by the ordering of breeding value size, and numbering by size, about 45 of front 50% the familys of from 90 diallel cross familys, selecting and remain.
(3) before mating season, in the situation that male and female are differentiated easily, the family of selecting and remain is selected respectively 100 maximum individualities by male and female and carry out proterties measurement, the calculating of individual breeding value and ordering; The male and female individuals of breeding value maximum is the candidate parent in each family, and same sex candidate parent sorts between family.
(4) the F1 that selects and remain for family in, the male and female individuality of selecting individual breeding value ranked first from the family that the average breeding value of male and female ranked first respectively carries out mating by male and female 1:1, and according to the inbreeding level of pedigree Inbreeding Coefficient Calculation hand breeding.If the family that the average breeding value of male and female ranked first is identical, or inbreeding coefficient surpasses threshold value, then respectively with the family mating that ranked second, make up F2 for core families, family quantity equates with the family quantity of selecting and remain.It is the same with breeding way to grow seedlings.
(5) make up as stated above F3, F4, F5 etc., more than for many generations seed selection to 5 generation.
The genetic parameters in each generation is carried out data to be calculated:
In F2 generation, is long than the shell in F1 generation, shell is high, shell is wide and 4 proterties such as body weight improve respectively 4.54mm, 4.56mm, and 3.14mm and 1.38g, growth rate is respectively 15.38%, 15.70%, 33.62% and 31.59%, and the proterties average growth rate is 24.07%.
In F3 generation, is long than the shell in F2 generation, shell is high, shell is wide and 4 proterties such as body weight improve respectively 1.94 mm, 2.47mm, and 1.81mm and 1.58g, growth rate is respectively 6.56%, 8.52%, 19.40% and 36.22%, and the proterties average growth rate is 17.67%.
In F4 generation, is long than the shell in F3 generation, shell is high, shell is wide and 4 proterties such as body weight improve respectively 1.76 mm, 2.12mm, and 1.66mm and 1.32g, growth rate is respectively 5.97%, 7.40%, 17.80% and 30.22%, and the proterties average growth rate is 15.35%.
In F5 generation, is long than the shell in F4 generation, shell is high, shell is wide and 4 proterties such as body weight improve respectively 1.52 mm, 2.01mm, and 1.42mm and 1.16g, growth rate is respectively 5.15%, 6.93%, 15.22% and 26.55%, and the proterties average growth rate is 13.47%.
Above result shows, by this method seed selection, per generation genetic progress can reach more than 10%, inbreeding coefficient can be controlled in the setting level, to avoid inbreeding depression.
Only for introducing preferred case of the present invention, to those skilled in the art, any apparent changes and improvements of carrying out in the scope that does not deviate from spirit of the present invention all should be regarded as a part of the present invention to above embodiment.
Claims (5)
1. a Hepu nacre Quantitative Trait Genes pyramiding breeding method comprises the steps:
(1) basic family makes up: collect the Hepu nacre colony of at least 3 separate sources, make up F1 for the diallel cross family, each makes up at least 10 familys, and the condition of growing seedlings with cultivating of each family is identical;
(2) the family evaluation with select and remain: cultivating 1 anniversary or per generation estimated each family when the identical culture-cycle, each family random measurement is individual more than 500, calculate average breeding value, then carry out the family ordering according to breeding value, at least 30 familys before the breeding value of the selecting and remain row are as the candidate's family that makes up second generation family;
(3) individual evaluation and parent's selection: the screening male and female are individual in candidate's family, select the male and female individuality of large float front 100 to measure, calculate individual breeding value, ordering;
(4) structure of second generation family: from the family of male and female breeding value maximum, select respectively the male and female stud mating of individual breeding value maximum, the male and female stud mating of from the family that the male and female breeding value ranked second, selecting individual breeding value ranked first, by that analogy, carry out strong combination, avoid simultaneously the interior mating of family and inbreeding coefficient to surpass mating between the individuality of threshold value, make up F2 for core breeding family;
(5) repeating step (1)～(4) make up that F3, F4, F5 etc. are many to carry out more than for many generations seed selection to 5 generation for family.
2. Hepu nacre Quantitative Trait Genes pyramiding breeding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, step 1) is to make up F1 for the diallel cross family in male and female 1:1 ratio.
3. Hepu nacre Quantitative Trait Genes pyramiding breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the concrete operations of step (2) are: carry out the family evaluation during in the identical culture-cycle in cultivation 1 anniversary or per generation, each family random sampling is measured more than 500, measure that characteristic index comprises that shell is long, shell is high, shell is wide and body weight etc., then utilize ASReml software to calculate the breeding value of each family based on the linear mixed model of BLUP, then carry out the family ordering according to breeding value, and number by size at least 30 familys before the breeding value of the selecting and remain row.
4. Hepu nacre Quantitative Trait Genes pyramiding breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the concrete operations of step (3) are: before mating season, in the situation that male and female are differentiated easily the family of selecting and remain is selected respectively 100 maximum individualities by male and female and carry out proterties measurement, the calculating of individual breeding value and ordering; The next unification of situation that is difficult to accurately to differentiate in male and female selects that 100 maximum individualities are measured, the family breeding value is calculated and ordering; Under the sex known case, the male and female individuals of breeding value maximum is the candidate parent in each family, and same sex candidate parent sorts between family; Next No. 1 is the candidate parent by the ordering of individual breeding value size in the sex unknown situation, determine sex after, next number first opposite sex appears and then be the candidate parent of another sex.
5. Hepu nacre Quantitative Trait Genes pyramiding breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the concrete operations of step (4) are: under the sex known case, according to candidate parent breeding value ranking results, No. 1 male parent and No. 1 female parent's pairing, No. 2 male parents and No. 2 female parent's pairings, the rest may be inferred, but avoid male and female pairing in the same family, avoid inbreeding coefficient to surpass parent's pairing of threshold value; In the situation of sex the unknown, select first No. 1 candidate parent of No. 1 family, dissect and determine sex, then seek No. 1 pairing of opposite sex and No. 1 family since No. 1 individuality of No. 2 familys, then seek in order the most front opposite sex pairing of another sex and No. 3 family ranks in No. 1 family, finish all in twos mating by same procedure, but will avoid positive and negative mating between two familys, avoid simultaneously inbreeding coefficient to surpass mating between the individuality of threshold value.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN105145418A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-12-16 | 海南大学 | Breeding method for excellent pteria penguin |
| CN111972331A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-24 | 北部湾大学 | Method for cultivating bead-breeding receptor pinctada fucata martensii |
| CN111972332A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-24 | 北部湾大学 | Method for breeding small-sized new variety of pinctada fucata |
| CN114342847A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-04-15 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Seed production method for improving growth of pinctada martensii with golden yellow shell color |
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| CN114342847A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-04-15 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Seed production method for improving growth of pinctada martensii with golden yellow shell color |
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