CN112715437B - High-temperature-resistant pearl oyster fry hatching and cultivating method - Google Patents
High-temperature-resistant pearl oyster fry hatching and cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112715437B CN112715437B CN202011635765.4A CN202011635765A CN112715437B CN 112715437 B CN112715437 B CN 112715437B CN 202011635765 A CN202011635765 A CN 202011635765A CN 112715437 B CN112715437 B CN 112715437B
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- 241000490567 Pinctada Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000003203 everyday Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 210000002149 Gonads Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 210000000582 Semen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009027 insemination Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000001124 Body Fluids Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000195649 Chlorella <Chlorellales> Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003205 Muscles Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001488 breeding Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004602 germ cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000029052 metamorphosis Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002285 radioactive Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001519 tissues Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003313 weakening Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011049 pearl Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000004083 survival Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000003044 adaptive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000023298 conjugation with cellular fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000021037 unidirectional conjugation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000004681 Ovum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001835 Viscera Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004059 degradation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
- A01K61/56—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels for pearl production
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature-resistant pearl oyster fry hatching and cultivating method, which comprises the steps of firstly selecting a batch of pearl oysters and cultivating the pearl oysters in an indoor seawater pond with the water temperature of 20 +/-1 ℃ for 7-10 days; then increasing the temperature of the culture water by 1 ℃ every day until the temperature of the water reaches 25 +/-1 ℃ and continuing to culture for 5-7 days; raising the water temperature again, increasing the temperature by 0.5 ℃ every day until the water temperature reaches 28 +/-1 ℃, and maintaining the water temperature to continue culturing for 15-20 days; removing dead shellfish and then continuing culturing, wherein the water temperature decreases by 1 ℃ every two days until the water temperature reaches 20 +/-1 ℃, and continuously culturing until the pearl shellfish is mature by a conventional method; selecting male shellfish and female shellfish with mature healthy gonads as seed shellfish, and further inseminating, hatching and culturing to obtain stable high temperature resistant pearl shellfish seedling. According to the invention, the high-temperature-resistant shell seeds are cultured and selected in a mode of continuously heating culture water, and then more high-temperature-resistant pearl shell seedlings are bred by the shell seeds.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pearl shell breeding, and particularly relates to a high-temperature-resistant pearl shell fry hatching and cultivating method.
Background
Pearls are precious jewelry that is biomineralized in molluscs and generally classified into seawater pearls and freshwater pearls. Compared with fresh water pearls, most seawater pearls have high roundness, strong luster and more delicate hand feeling, and have more appreciation and medicinal values.
The pearl oyster as a producer of seawater pearls influences the production of pearls by the quality and the vitality of the pearl oyster, the traditional pearl oyster seedling incubation and cultivation are all natural incubation, no technical measures are adopted, so that the seedling cultured by the long-term natural incubation can generate the phenomenon of variety degradation, and the pearl oyster is small in size, poor in disease resistance and incapable of resisting high temperature. Along with the global warming, the temperature changes very often, and in summer, the water temperature on the sea surface seriously threatens the survival of the pearl shells, and the pearl shells cultured in the open air are more prone to death due to high temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate a new high-temperature-resistant pearl shell variety to adapt to high-temperature environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-temperature-resistant pearl oyster fry hatching and cultivating method, which can select high-temperature-resistant shells and further utilize the shells to inseminate and hatch to cultivate high-temperature-resistant pearl oyster fries.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a high-temperature-resistant pearl oyster fry hatching and cultivating method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: s1, selecting a batch of pearl oysters containing male and female shells, culturing the pearl oysters in an indoor seawater pond with the culture water temperature of 20 +/-1 ℃ for 7-10 days by using a conventional suspension cage, and removing dead shells; s2, continuously culturing the remaining live shellfish, increasing the culture water temperature by 1 ℃ every day until the water temperature reaches 25 +/-1 ℃, and maintaining the water temperature for continuously culturing for 5-7 days; removing dead shellfish; s3, continuing culturing the remaining live shellfish, starting a wave-making pump to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the culture water is 6-10 mg/L, increasing the culture water temperature by 0.5 ℃ every day until the water temperature reaches 28 +/-1 ℃, and continuing culturing for 15-20 days while maintaining the water temperature; the dead shellfish is removed every two days in the step; s4, continuing culturing the remaining live shellfish in the step S3, decreasing the culture water temperature by 1 ℃ every two days until the water temperature reaches 20 +/-1 ℃, and maintaining the water temperature to continue culturing according to a conventional method; s5, selecting male and female shells with mature healthy gonads from the pearl shells obtained in the step S4 as parent shells; s6, placing the male shellfish and the female shellfish into a mating box, obtaining fertilized eggs in an artificial insemination mode, transferring the fertilized eggs to a seedling pool for incubation and cultivation, and finally obtaining the stable high-temperature-resistant pearl shellfish seedlings.
Further, the flow of artificial insemination is as follows: and (3) selecting the pearl oyster with obvious radioactive rays, vigorous growth, no diseases and plump gonads as parent oysters in advance, wherein the number of the male and female oysters is 4: 1, selecting the proportion; then, cutting off the adductor muscle by using a shellfish opener, removing the right shell, and cutting off the byssus and the mantle fiber; then wiping off body fluid with sterilized absorbent cotton, sucking the germ cells of male shellfish and female shellfish with a suction tube, and placing sperm and ovum in a container filled with filtered seawater respectively; adding filtered seawater into a plastic basin before fertilization, pouring eggs into the plastic basin, then pouring semen, fully stirring to mix the eggs and the semen, and carrying out fertilization for 10-20 minutes; the fertilized eggs are settled into the bottom layer, and the seawater on the upper layer is poured out.
Further, in the artificial fertilization process, when egg liquid and semen are poured, tissue blocks are removed by filtering with 300-mesh silk, and the water temperature during fertilization is controlled at 27-30 ℃.
Further, the post-incubation flow in step S6 is as follows:
(a) after 3-4 days of incubation, feeding, wherein the bait is active yeast, and is smashed by a stirring and smashing machine and then uniformly fed into a seedling pool for feeding;
(b) after 8 days of larva incubation, feeding chlorella;
(c) incubating the larvae for 30 days, observing eye spots of the larvae through a microscope, and putting in the attaching plates, wherein the putting amount of the attaching plates is 100-150 pieces per cubic meter of water, and the attaching plates are put in batches within 2-3 days, so that the metamorphosis and attachment of the larvae are facilitated by weakening light, and the larvae are properly shaded in the seedling stage;
(d) after 31 days of larva incubation, feeding pond algae;
(e) and after the larvae are incubated for 50 days, taking the seedlings out of the pond and transferring the seedlings to a sea area for cultivation when the specification of the seedlings reaches 2-3 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: by adopting the cultivation method, the cultivation water is continuously heated to enable the pearl shells to grow adaptively, the pearl shells capable of surviving at high temperature are retained, then the adaptive cooling adaptive cultivation is carried out, the high-temperature resistant healthy and viable seed shells are selected, and then more high-temperature resistant pearl shell seedlings are bred through the seed shells.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples in order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The invention relates to a high-temperature-resistant pearl oyster fry hatching and cultivating method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a batch of pearl oysters containing male and female shells, and culturing the pearl oysters in an indoor seawater pond with culture water temperature of 20 +/-1 ℃ by using a conventional suspension cage to enable the pearl oysters to adapt to the growth of the water temperature. Taking out after 7-10 days, and removing the dead shellfish if any.
S2, continuously culturing the remaining live shellfish, increasing the culture water temperature by 1 ℃ every day until the water temperature reaches 25 +/-1 ℃, and maintaining the water temperature for continuously culturing for 5-7 days; and removing dead shellfish.
S3, continuing culturing the remaining live shellfish, starting a wave-making pump to simulate sea surface waves, enabling the dissolved oxygen in the culture water to be 6-10 mg/L, increasing the culture water temperature by 0.5 ℃ every day until the water temperature reaches 28 +/-1 ℃, and continuing culturing for 15-20 days while maintaining the water temperature; according to the step, the death rate of the shells is high, and dead shells are removed every two days.
S4, continuing culturing the remaining live shellfish in the step S3, decreasing the culture water temperature by 1 ℃ every two days until the water temperature reaches 20 +/-1 ℃, and maintaining the water temperature to continue culturing according to a conventional method. The pearl shells surviving in the high-temperature state are slowly restored to adapt to the proper cultivation water temperature in a slow cooling mode.
S5, selecting male and female shellfish with mature healthy gonads from the pearl shellfish obtained in the step S4 as seed shellfish.
S6, placing the male shellfish and the female shellfish into a mating box, obtaining fertilized eggs in an artificial insemination mode, transferring the fertilized eggs to a seedling pool for incubation and cultivation, and finally obtaining the stable high-temperature-resistant pearl shellfish seedlings.
Specifically, the artificial insemination process comprises the following steps: and (3) selecting the pearl oyster with obvious radioactive rays, vigorous growth, no diseases and plump gonads as parent oysters in advance, wherein the number of the male and female oysters is 4: 1, selecting the proportion; then, the adductor muscle is cut off by a sheller knife, the right shell (the viscera ball cannot be injured) is removed, and the byssus and the mantle are cut off; then wiping off body fluid with sterilized absorbent cotton, sucking the germ cells of male shellfish and female shellfish with a suction pipe, and placing the sperm and egg in a container filled with filtered seawater respectively; adding filtered seawater into a plastic basin before fertilization, pouring eggs into the plastic basin, then pouring semen, fully stirring to mix the eggs and the semen, and carrying out fertilization for 10-20 minutes; the fertilized eggs are settled into the bottom layer, and the seawater on the upper layer is poured out. Wherein, in the fertilization process, when egg liquid and semen are poured in, 300-mesh bolting silk is used for filtering, tissue blocks can be removed, and the water temperature in the fertilization process is controlled between 27 ℃ and 30 ℃.
The post-incubation process in step S6 includes: (a) after the larva is incubated for 3-4 days, feeding is started, the bait is active yeast, and the bait is smashed by a stirring and smashing machine and then uniformly fed into a seedling pool for the larva to eat.
(b) After 8 days of hatching, the young is fed with chlorella; the amount of the bait can be properly and gradually increased along with the growth and development.
(c) And (3) incubating the larvae for 30 days, observing eye spots of the larvae through a microscope, and putting 100-150 attaching plates in each cubic meter of water, wherein the attaching plates are put in batches within 2-3 days, so that the metamorphosis and the attachment of the larvae are facilitated by weakening light, and the larvae are properly shielded from light in the seedling stage.
(d) After 31 days of larva incubation, feeding pond algae; the amount of the bait can be properly and gradually increased along with the growth and development.
(e) And after the larvae are incubated for 50 days, taking the seedlings out of the pond and transferring the seedlings to a sea area for cultivation when the specification of the seedlings reaches 2-3 mm.
The results of the breeding contrast test of 100 high temperature resistant pearl oyster seedlings (test group) cultured by the invention and 100 common pearl oyster seedlings (control group) are as follows.
1. The conventional culture water temperature is as follows: the test group survives 98 and dies 2 after being suspended and cultured in a seawater pond with the water temperature of 20-22 ℃ for 30 days, and the survival rate is 98%; the control group survived 98 and died 2, with a survival rate of 98%. The survival rate of the test group is consistent with that of the control group at the conventional culture temperature.
2. High temperature: the test group survived 80 and died 20 in the seawater pond with the water temperature of 28-31 ℃ for 30 days, and the survival rate was 80%. The control group survived 6 and died 94, with a survival rate of 6%.
The above tests show that: the survival rate of the test group is consistent with that of the control group at the conventional culture temperature. Under the condition of high-temperature culture, the survival rate of the test group is greatly higher than that of the control group, which shows that the high-temperature resistant seedlings cultured by the invention still have high survival rate under the condition of high culture water temperature and have high popularization value.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents and equivalents thereof, which are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A high-temperature-resistant pearl oyster fry hatching and cultivating method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: s1, selecting a batch of pearl oysters containing male and female shells, culturing for 7-10 days in an indoor seawater pond with culture water temperature of 20 +/-1 ℃ by using a conventional suspension cage, and removing dead shells;
s2, continuously culturing the remaining live shellfish, increasing the culture water temperature by 1 ℃ every day until the water temperature reaches 25 +/-1 ℃, and maintaining the water temperature for continuously culturing for 5-7 days; removing dead shellfish;
s3, continuing culturing the remaining live shellfish, starting a wave-making pump to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the culture water is 6-10 mg/L, increasing the culture water temperature by 0.5 ℃ every day until the water temperature reaches 28 +/-1 ℃, and continuing culturing for 15-20 days while maintaining the water temperature; the dead shellfish is removed every two days in the step;
s4, continuing culturing the remaining live shellfish in the step S3, decreasing the culture water temperature by 1 ℃ every two days until the water temperature reaches 20 +/-1 ℃, and maintaining the water temperature to continue culturing according to a conventional method;
s5, selecting male and female shells with mature healthy gonads from the pearl shells obtained in the step S4 as parent shells;
s6, placing male and female shellfish into a breeding box, obtaining fertilized eggs in an artificial insemination mode, transferring the fertilized eggs to a seedling pool for incubation and cultivation, and finally obtaining stable high-temperature-resistant pearl shellfish seedlings;
the artificial insemination process comprises the following steps: and (3) selecting the pearl oyster with obvious radioactive rays, vigorous growth, no diseases and plump gonads as parent oysters in advance, wherein the number of the male and female oysters is 4: 1, selecting the proportion; then, cutting off the adductor muscle by using a shellfish opener, removing the right shell, and cutting off the byssus and the mantle fiber; then wiping off body fluid with sterilized absorbent cotton, sucking the germ cells of male shellfish and female shellfish with a suction pipe, and placing the sperm and egg in a container filled with filtered seawater respectively; adding filtered seawater into a plastic basin before fertilization, pouring eggs into the plastic basin, then pouring semen, fully stirring to mix the eggs and the semen, and carrying out fertilization for 10-20 minutes; the fertilized eggs are settled into the bottom layer, and the seawater on the upper layer is poured out;
the process of incubation and cultivation in step S6 is as follows: (a) feeding bait after 3-4 days of incubation, wherein the bait is active yeast, and is smashed by a stirring and smashing machine and then uniformly fed into a seedling pool for feeding;
(b) after 8 days of hatching, the young is fed with chlorella;
(c) the larvae incubate at day 30, observe the eyespot of the larvae through a microscope, begin to put in the attachment plates, the putting amount of the attachment plates is 100-150 pieces per cubic meter of water, the batch putting is completed within 2-3 days, the metamorphosis attachment of the larvae is facilitated by weakening light, and the seedling adhering stage is properly shielded from light;
(d) after 31 days of larva incubation, feeding pond algae;
(e) and after the larvae are incubated for 50 days, taking the seedlings out of the pond and transferring the seedlings to a sea area for cultivation when the specification of the seedlings reaches 2-3 mm.
2. The incubation and cultivation method of high-temperature resistant pearl oyster fries according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: when the egg liquid and the semen are poured in, the tissue blocks are removed by filtering with 300-mesh tiffany, and the water temperature is controlled between 27 ℃ and 30 ℃ during fertilization.
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| CN108782376A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-11-13 | 王刚 | Patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed cultivation method |
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