CN103476911A - 润滑脂组合物、及用该润滑脂组合物进行润滑的运动引导装置 - Google Patents
润滑脂组合物、及用该润滑脂组合物进行润滑的运动引导装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103476911A CN103476911A CN2012800183660A CN201280018366A CN103476911A CN 103476911 A CN103476911 A CN 103476911A CN 2012800183660 A CN2012800183660 A CN 2012800183660A CN 201280018366 A CN201280018366 A CN 201280018366A CN 103476911 A CN103476911 A CN 103476911A
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- grease composition
- base oil
- clean environment
- quality
- oil
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Abstract
本发明的课题在于提供一种润滑脂组合物,其具有足以在洁净室等洁净环境中使用的低发尘性、且具有足以对组装至大型化洁净室用机器人上的运动引导装置进行润滑的耐负荷性。本发明人等利用如下洁净环境用润滑脂组合物解决了上述课题,所述洁净环境用润滑脂组合物含有基础油、增稠剂和极压剂,上述基础油在40℃的运动粘度为100~300mm2/s,该润滑脂组合物包含锂复合皂作为上述增稠剂,上述增稠剂的含量相对于上述组合物总量为10~40质量%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及洁净环境用润滑脂组合物、及用该洁净环境用润滑脂组合物进行润滑的运动引导装置。
背景技术
通常,半导体制造装置、液晶制造装置、电子计算机、印刷电路板制造装置等在洁净室等洁净环境中进行制造。在组装至用于这样的环境的装置上的运动引导装置(直线导轨、滚珠丝杠、滚动轴承、使用了交叉滚柱轴环交叉滚柱轴环(cross roller ring)的工作台装置等)中,优选使用使处于润滑部分的油飞散得以减少、即发尘量得以降低的润滑脂作为以润滑剂形式被封入的润滑脂。
另一方面,伴随着玻璃基板等利用洁净室用机器人(clean robot)运输的精密机器原材料的大型化,用于运输这样的精密机器原材料的洁净室用机器人也趋于大型化。对于用于将组装至大型化洁净室用机器人上的运动引导装置进行润滑的润滑脂,除了上述低发尘性外,还要求高耐负荷性。在使用耐负荷性低的润滑脂对组装至大型化洁净室用机器人上的运动引导装置进行润滑时,在洁净室用机器人的Z轴和关节部的构件处大多会发生所谓的疲劳剥落(Flaking)。
作为低发尘性优异的润滑脂,一直以来已知的是氟系润滑脂。通常市售有使用全氟聚醚(PFPE)作为基础油、并使用具有特定粒径的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)作为增稠剂的润滑脂。使用PFPE作为基础油的润滑脂从发尘性的观点出发确实优异,但作为基础油使用的PFPE价格昂贵,当在润滑脂的制造中使用PFPE时,存在制造成本变高的问题。进而,这样的氟系润滑脂在耐负荷性方面存在问题。
此外,作为低发尘性优异的润滑脂,专利文献1中提出一种润滑脂,其配合矿物油或聚-α-烯烃作为基础油、且配合硬脂酸锂及12-羟基硬脂酸锂作为增稠剂。此外,专利文献2中提出一种润滑脂,其配合合成烃油或醚油作为基础油、且配合脲化合物作为增稠剂,并且金属元素的含量及混合后稠度在特定范围内。进而,专利文献3中提出一种润滑脂组合物,其使用酯系油和聚-α-烯烃作为基础油、且使用脂肪族双脲作为增稠剂。
但是,这些低发尘润滑脂有时也会在耐负荷性方面存在问题。
通常已知有为了提高润滑脂组合物的耐负荷性而添加极压剂作为添加剂的技术。但是,当将极压剂添加于润滑脂组合物时,发尘性有时会变差,难以制造满足低发尘性和耐负荷性这两种要求的润滑脂组合物。
在这样的背景下,也在进行具有良好的低发尘性和耐负荷性的润滑脂组合物的研究开发。在专利文献4中除了考虑低发尘性以外也考虑了耐负荷性,提出了使用在40℃的运动粘度为60~320mm2/s的聚-α-烯烃作为基础油、且使用不具有羟基的碳原子数10~22的脂肪酸锂盐作为增稠剂的润滑脂组合物,但该润滑脂组合物也在耐负荷性方面存在进一步改善的余地。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开平6-330070号公报
专利文献2:日本特开平11-166191号公报
专利文献3:日本特开2005-272764号公报
专利文献4:日本特开2009-256401号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
对于用于将组装至在洁净环境中使用的大型化洁净室用机器上的运动引导装置进行润滑的润滑脂组合物,如上所述除了要求低发尘性外还要求高耐负荷性。在现有技术中存在仅能从使用低发尘性优异但不具有能够耐受在大型化洁净室用机器人中使用的程度的耐负荷性的润滑脂组合物、或者使用通过牺牲少许有关发尘的性能而提高耐负荷性的润滑脂组合物中择一选择的问题。
为解决上述之类的问题,本发明提供一种润滑脂组合物,其具有足以在洁净室等洁净环境中使用的低发尘性、且具有足以对组装至大型化洁净室用机器人上的运动引导装置进行润滑的耐负荷性。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明人等为了解决上述课题反复进行了深入研究,发现:在含有基础油、增稠剂和极压剂的洁净环境用的润滑脂组合物中,使上述基础油在40℃的运动粘度为100~300mm2/s、该润滑脂组合物包含锂复合皂作为上述增稠剂、且按照使上述增稠剂的含量相对于上述组合物总量达到10~40质量%的方式进行配合,从而可以解决上述课题。
本发明涉及以下所示的润滑脂组合物。
一种洁净环境用润滑脂组合物,其含有基础油、增稠剂和极压剂,上述基础油在40℃的运动粘度为100~300mm2/s,该润滑脂组合物包含锂复合皂作为上述增稠剂,上述增稠剂的含量相对于上述组合物总量为10~40质量%。
发明效果
根据本发明,能够提供一种润滑脂组合物,当其在进行特别严格的空调管理的生产现场中用于大型化产业用机器人等负载高负荷的装置的润滑时发挥出优异的低发尘性和高耐负荷性。
附图说明
图1-1是表示发尘量测定1中实施例1的润滑脂组合物的发尘量的结果的图。(a)表示转速为1200min-1时的结果,(b)表示转速为3600min-1时的结果。
图1-2为表示发尘量测定1中比较例1的润滑脂组合物的发尘量的结果的图。(a)表示转速为1200min-1时的结果,(b)表示转速为3600min-1时的结果。
图2为表示可以应用本发明的洁净环境用润滑脂的运动引导装置的第一方式的图。
图3为表示可以应用本发明的洁净环境用润滑脂的运动引导装置的第二方式的图。
图4为表示可以应用本发明的洁净环境用润滑脂的交叉滚柱轴环交叉滚柱轴环的一个实施方式的图。
图5为表示可以应用本发明的洁净环境用润滑脂的运动引导装置的一个实施方式的图,(a)为部分截断正视图,(b)为部分截断侧视图。
具体实施方式
以下具体说明本发明的实施方式,但本发明不受其限定。
<基础油>
在本实施方式的洁净环境用润滑脂组合物(以下也称为本实施方式的润滑脂组合物或者简称为润滑脂组合物)中,所含有的基础油在40℃的运动粘度为100~300mm2/s(cSt)。当基础油在40℃的运动粘度小于100mm2/s时,有时会使耐负荷性降低、并且无法充分发挥低发尘性。另一方面,当基础油在40℃的运动粘度超过300mm2/s时,可能会使微往复条件下的耐摩性降低、使微振磨损变大。此外,通过使润滑脂组合物中的基础油在40℃的运动粘度在这样的范围内,从而可以获得低发尘性和高耐负荷性。
基础油在40℃的运动粘度更优选为115~290mm2/s,特别优选为150~260mm2/s。
另一方面,从不仅使耐负荷性良好、而且还确保耐摩性及低发尘性的观点出发,还优选使本实施方式的洁净环境用润滑脂组合物中含有的基础油在100℃的运动粘度为13~41mm2/s。基础油在100℃的运动粘度更优选为15~39mm2/s,特别优选为18~35mm2/s。
本发明的润滑脂组合物中含有的基础油可以按照使在40℃及100℃的运动粘度在上述范围内的方式组合使用多种后述基础油。
予以说明,基础油在40℃及100℃的运动粘度可以利用JIS K 2283中规定的方法求出。
作为本实施方式的洁净环境用润滑脂组合物中含有的基础油,只要是在40℃的运动粘度可以被调整至100~300mm2/s的基础油就可以没有特别限制地使用。
这样的基础油的含量优选相对于润滑脂组合物总量为40~95质量%,从将锂复合皂的含量调整至本发明规定的特定范围的观点出发,优选为60~90质量%。
作为基础油,可以列举例如:聚丁烯、1-辛烯低聚物、1-癸烯低聚物、1-十二碳烯低聚物等聚-α-烯烃(PAO)或它们的氢化物(包括α-烯烃共聚物)、以及1-癸烯和乙烯的共低聚物之类的烃系合成油。
聚-α-烯烃由于发尘少且使相对于温度变化而言的组合物的粘度变化小、特性在较宽的温度范围内不易变化,故而优选作为基础油。
本实施方式的洁净环境用润滑脂组合物中,优选含有相对于基础油的总量为50质量%以上的上述烃系合成油,更优选配合55质量%以上,特别优选配合60质量%以上。
作为本实施方式的洁净环境用润滑脂组合物中含有的基础油,只要不损害本发明的效果,则也可以进一步配合其它合成油、矿物油、动植物油。作为其它合成油,可以使用以往公知的各种合成油,例如可以使用酯、磷酸酯、聚醚、烷基二苯基醚、烷基聚苯基醚、二苯基醚、烷基苯、烷基萘、聚氧亚烷基二醇、新戊二醇、硅油。
作为上述酯系油,可以列举:癸二酸二丁酯、癸二酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、己二酸二辛酯、己二酸二异癸酯、己二酸二(十三烷基)酯、戊二酸二(十三烷基)酯、乙酰蓖麻酸甲酯(methyl acetyl ricinoleate)等二酯油,或者偏苯三酸三辛酯、偏苯三酸三癸酯、均苯四酸四辛酯等芳香族酯油;以及三羟甲基丙烷辛酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷壬酸酯、季戊四醇-2-乙基己酸酯、季戊四醇壬酸酯等多元醇酯油;以及作为多元醇与二元酸/一元酸的混合脂肪酸的低聚酯的复合酯油等。
上述聚醚中包含聚乙二醇、聚氧亚烷基二醇、聚苯基醚以及烷基二苯基醚、二烷基二苯基醚、四烷基二苯基醚等烷基苯基醚,其中,优选使用烷基苯基醚。
此外,作为矿物油,可以使用以往公知的各种矿物油,可以列举例如:石蜡系矿物油、中间基系矿物油、环烷烃系矿物油等。其中,优选使用含有80质量%以上的石蜡成分的石蜡系矿物油。
作为动物油,可以列举:鲸油、角鲨烷等。
作为植物油,可以使用以往的各种植物油,可以列举例如:菜籽油、玉米油、葵花籽油、蓖麻油等。
从更好地发挥本发明的效果、确保润滑性的观点出发,在上述基础油中,优选选自石蜡成分为80质量%以上的矿物油、烃系合成油、酯油及烷基苯基醚中的1种以上物质。
从在本实施方式的润滑脂组合物中高效混合增稠剂、适当调整润滑脂组合物中的基础油的运动粘度的观点出发,对于本实施方式中的润滑脂组合物的基础油而言,优选将40℃的运动粘度为350~1600mm2/s的高粘度的基础油按照相对于基础油总量占25质量%以上的量进行配合。这样的高粘度的基础油在40℃的运动粘度更优选为360~1600mm2/s,特别优选为370~1400mm2/s。
本实施方式的润滑脂组合物中,当基础油使用例如高粘度基础油和低粘度基础油这两种时,可以列举以下形态:含有相对于基础油总量为25~80质量%、优选35~75质量%、特别优选60~75质量%的在40℃的运动粘度为350~1600mm2/s的高粘度基础油,剩余部分为在40℃的运动粘度小于350mm2/s、更优选10~200mm2/s、特别优选25~100mm2/s的低粘度基础油。
这样,通过采取使本实施方式的润滑脂组合物中的基础油尤其由在40℃的运动粘度为350~1600mm2/s的高粘度的基础油和在40℃的运动粘度小于350mm2/s的低粘度的基础油混合而获得、且全部基础油的25质量%以上为高粘度的基础油的形态,从而不仅能够将本实施方式的润滑脂组合物的混合后稠度控制在后述的优选范围,而且能够在此种混合后稠度范围内提高锂复合皂的含量,而以往在此种混合后稠度范围内很难以高含量含有锂复合皂。
<增稠剂>
本实施方式的洁净环境用润滑脂组合物包含锂复合皂作为增稠剂。
锂复合皂通过(1)脂肪酸及(2)复合化剂与氢氧化锂的反应而获得。
作为构成本实施方式中的锂复合皂的脂肪酸,可以列举羟基羧酸、一元羧酸。本实施方式的润滑脂组合物中,优选使构成锂复合皂的脂肪酸的50质量%以上为羟基羧酸。通过使构成锂复合皂的脂肪酸的50质量%以上为羟基羧酸,从而使发尘性和耐负荷性变得更良好。
上述构成锂复合皂的脂肪酸中的羟基羧酸的含量更优选为80质量%以上,特别优选为100质量%。
作为上述羟基羧酸,可以列举碳原子数为12~22的单羟基羧酸。作为上述一元羧酸,可以列举碳原子数为12~22的一元羧酸。
另一方面,复合化剂优选为选自碳原子数6~16的脂肪族二羧酸、芳香族羧酸及水杨酸中的物质。通过这样组合使用,从而有助于本实施方式的润滑脂组合物的低发尘性和高耐负荷性。
作为上述一元羧酸,可以列举例如月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生酸、山嵛酸等;作为上述单羟基羧酸,可以列举12-羟基硬脂酸等;作为上述脂肪族二羧酸,可以列举十二烷二酸、壬二酸、己二酸、癸二酸等;作为上述芳香族羧酸,可以列举邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸等。
这些物质可以单独使用,也可以将2种以上组合使用。
其中,在发挥本发明的效果的方面,特别优选:使用12-羟基硬脂酸作为构成上述锂复合皂的脂肪酸,且使用碳原子数为6~10的脂肪族二羧酸作为复合化剂。
当选择选自碳原子数为12~22的单羟基羧酸中的羧酸作为被用作复合化剂的羧酸时,该羧酸以相对于不用作复合化剂的羧酸的重量比计优选0.1~5.0、更优选0.2~2.5的量来使用。
本发明中,还可以在不损害本发明的效果的范围内包含锂复合皂以外的皂系增稠剂、氟树脂系增稠剂、无机系增稠剂、炭系增稠剂等。本实施方式的润滑脂组合物中,优选含有相对于增稠剂总量为80质量%以上的锂复合皂,进一步优选含有90质量%以上的锂复合皂,特别优选含有100质量%的锂复合皂。
作为上述的锂复合皂以外的皂系增稠剂,可以列举:通过羧酸(包括甘油酯(glyceride))和金属氢氧化物的反应而获得的钙皂、铝皂、钠皂、锂皂、镁皂、锌皂等金属皂系增稠剂;钙复合皂、铝复合皂、钠复合皂等复合型皂系增稠剂。
当选择复合皂时,被用作复合化剂的羧酸以相对于不用作复合化剂的羧酸(脂肪酸)的重量比计优选为0.1~5.0、进一步优选为0.2~2.5的量来使用。
本实施方式的润滑脂组合物中的上述增稠剂的含量相对于润滑脂组合物总量为10~40质量%的范围。若上述增稠剂的含量为该范围,则可以确保低发尘性且容易获得大多被用作润滑脂的混合后稠度,可以使润滑脂的扭矩、滑动阻力更适宜。此外,从进一步提高低发尘性的观点出发,上述增稠剂的含量更优选为15~35质量%,特别优选为17~27质量%。
予以说明,本实施方式的润滑脂组合物中含有锂复合皂作为增稠剂,计算出构成该锂复合皂的脂肪酸成分和复合化剂的总量,将其视为作为增稠剂的锂复合皂的含量。含有其它皂系的增稠剂时也以同样的方式计算含量。
此外,本实施方式的润滑脂组合物含有极压剂。作为极压剂,可以列举例如:磷酸酯、酸式磷酸酯、亚磷酸酯、酸式亚磷酸酯及它们的胺盐等磷系极压剂;硫化油脂、噻二唑系化合物、二烷基二硫化物、亚甲基双(二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯)等硫系极压剂;二硫代氨基甲酸钼、二硫代磷酸钼、二硫代氨基甲酸锌、二硫代磷酸锌、二硫代氨基甲酸镍等由有机金属化合物形成的极压剂。
其中,优选使用由有机金属化合物形成的极压剂,从获得减磨效果和防磨损效果的观点出发,更优选将选自二硫代氨基甲酸钼、二硫代磷酸钼、二硫代氨基甲酸锌及二硫代磷酸锌中的1种以物质上组合使用。
从保持低发尘性的观点出发,极压剂的含量相对于润滑脂组合物总量优选为10.0质量%以下,更优选为6.0质量%以下。另一方面,从发挥作为极压剂的效果的观点出发,极压剂的含量优选为0.1质量%以上,更优选为0.5质量%以上。
本实施方式的润滑脂组合物还可以进一步含有润滑脂组合物中惯用的添加剂。
作为这样的添加剂,可以例示例如:抗氧化剂(例如p,p’-二辛基二苯基胺之类的烷基化二苯胺、苯基-α-萘胺、烷基化-α-萘胺等胺系抗氧化剂,2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、4,4’-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚)等酚系抗氧化剂等)、防锈剂(例如磺酸钙之类的磺酸金属盐、羊毛脂系衍生物、亚硝酸钠、琥珀酸酯、脂肪酸锌、胺类、山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯)、结构稳定剂、金属减活剂(metal deactivator)(例如苯并三唑)、减摩剂(例如磷酸酯、二硫代氨基甲酸酯)、及固体润滑剂(例如聚酰亚胺、PTFE、石墨、金属氧化物、氮化硼、氰尿酸三聚氰胺(melamine cyanurate)、二硫化钼)。
添加剂既可以单独使用,也可以以2种以上的混合物的形式使用。本发明的润滑脂组合物含有极压剂以外的添加剂时,其含量优选为0.3质量%~10.0质量%。
<本实施方式的润滑脂组合物的制造方法>
本实施方式的润滑脂组合物可以使用该技术领域中通常使用的方法来制造,为了以高含量含有作为增稠剂的锂复合皂,例如可以列举包含以下工序的方法。
例如可以列举包含以下工序的方法:(1)将基础油和脂肪酸混合,使其与氢氧化锂水溶液反应的第一反应工序;(2)在(1)中获得的反应产物中加入复合化剂并混合,使其与氢氧化锂水溶液反应的第二反应工序;(3)将(2)中获得的反应产物加热搅拌后,加入剩余的基础油并冷却的工序;以及将获得的润滑脂用辊磨机、胶体磨进行均质化的精加工工序。
作为其它方法,可以列举包含以下工序的方法:(1)将基础油的一部分与脂肪酸及复合化剂混合,使该混合物和氢氧化锂水溶液一次性反应的工序;(2)将(1)中获得的反应产物加热搅拌后,加入剩余的基础油并冷却的工序;以及(3)将获得的润滑脂用辊磨机、胶体磨均质化的精加工工序。
予以说明,在生成锂复合皂时,为了将锂复合皂的含量调整至本申请发明中规定的特定范围,优选将使脂肪酸及复合化剂与氢氧化锂反应时所使用的基础油在40℃的运动粘度调整至250mm2/s以上。予以说明,此时的基础油在40℃的运动粘度更优选为300mm2/s以上,特别优选为350mm2/s以上。
如上所述,本实施方式的润滑脂组合物中含有锂复合皂作为增稠剂,但在使该润滑脂组合物含有锂复合皂的工序中优选包含以下工序:在40℃的运动粘度为250~1600mm2/s的基础油中进行羧酸(脂肪酸及复合化剂)与氢氧化锂的反应的工序。通过包含这样的工序,从而能够使锂复合皂之类的增稠剂以高含量包含在润滑脂组合物中,而此类增稠剂以往难以以高含量包含在润滑脂组合物中。
<本实施方式的润滑脂组合物>
从抑制油飞散的观点出发,本实施方式的润滑脂组合物在25℃的稠度(混合后稠度)优选为200~400,更优选为220~350,特别优选为250~340。在该混合后稠度过大时,油飞散变多,另一方面,在该混合后稠度过小时,因扭矩、滑动阻力变大而无法发挥润滑脂原有的功能。
该稠度可以通过使用JIS K2220中规定的方法来测定。
润滑脂组合物的稠度可以通过调节上述说明的增稠剂的含量来进行调整,其含量可以通过如上述那样并用高粘度的基础油和低粘度的基础油作为在利用反应生成作为增稠剂而含有的锂复合皂时所使用的基础油来进行调整。
此外,为了在高速、高加速的条件下不易发生润滑脂的飞散,本实施方式的润滑脂组合物的滴点优选为200℃以上,更优选为220℃以上,特别优选为240℃以上。另一方面,润滑脂组合物的滴点优选为1000℃以下。
润滑脂组合物的滴点可以依据JIS K2220:2003来进行测定。
<洁净环境>
本发明中所述的洁净环境是指在按照IS014644-1所定义的洁净室中洁净度的等级为3级以上(等级数值越小则洁净度越高)的环境。作为这样的洁净环境,可以列举例如:在半导体、电子仪器、精密仪器等的制造中使用的、浮游于空气中的尘埃等物质受到控制的工业洁净室。本实施方式的润滑脂组合物在这样的洁净环境中使用。
以下,利用实施例更具体地说明本发明,但本发明不受这些实施例的任何限定。
<润滑脂组合物的制造>
(实施例1)
(1)将表1所示的量的高粘度基础油(PAO-A)、12-羟基硬脂酸、壬二酸及防锈剂在反应釜中边搅拌边加热至95℃。
(2)然后,将表1所示的量的氢氧化锂(水合物)溶解于其5倍量(质量比)的水中。将该水溶液配合到(1)的溶液中,进行加热混合。在混合物的温度达到195℃后保持5分钟。
(3)接下来,配合低粘度基础油(PAO-B),然后以50℃/小时的速度冷却至60℃,添加表1、2所示的量的抗氧化剂、极压剂并进行混合。
(4)进而,自然放冷至室温后,使用3辊式装置进行精加工处理,获得实施例1的润滑脂组合物。
改变了润滑脂组合物中含有的基础油的运动粘度或增稠剂的含量,以与实施例1同样的方式制造了实施例2~7的润滑脂组合物。另一方面,按照以下步骤制造了比较例1~3的润滑脂组合物,此外,改变了润滑脂组合物中含有的基础油的运动粘度或增稠剂的含量,以与实施例1同样的方式制造了比较例4~7的的润滑脂组合物。
<比较例1>
(1)将表1所示的量的PAO-C、12-羟基硬脂酸、硬脂酸及防锈剂加入反应釜中,在95℃下加热熔解。
(2)将表1所示的量的氢氧化锂(一水合物)溶解于其5倍量(质量比)的水中。将该水溶液配合到(1)的溶液中,进行加热混合。在混合物的温度达到205℃后保持5分钟。
(3)接下来,配合矿物油-A,然后以50℃/小时的速度冷却至60℃,添加表1所示的量的抗氧化剂并进行混合。
(4)进而,自然放冷至室温后,使用3辊式装置进行精加工处理,获得比较例1的润滑脂组合物。
<比较例2>
(1)将50质量%的矿物油-B、11质量%的12-羟基硬脂酸及防锈剂加入反应釜中,在95℃下加热熔解。
(2)将表1所示的量的氢氧化锂(一水合物)溶解于氢氧化锂的5倍量(质量比)的水中。将该水溶液添加到(1)的溶液中使其反应,进行加热混合。在混合物的温度达到205℃后保持5分钟。
(3)接下来,添加剩余量(21.3质量%)的矿物油-B及矿物油-C后,以50℃/小时的速度冷却至60℃,添加抗氧化剂并进行混合。
(4)进而,自然放冷至室温后,使用3辊式装置进行精加工处理,获得比较例2的润滑脂组合物。
<比较例3>
(1)将表1所示的量的矿物油-B、12-羟基硬脂酸及防锈剂加入反应釜中,在95℃下加热熔解。
(2)将表1所示的量的氢氧化锂(一水合物)溶解于氢氧化锂的5倍量(质量比)的水中。将该水溶液配合到(1)的溶液中,进行加热混合。在混合物的温度达到205℃后保持5分钟。
(3)接下来,配合矿物油-C,然后以50℃/小时的速度冷却至60℃,添加表1所示的量的抗氧化剂及极压剂并进行混合。
(4)进而,自然放冷至室温后,使用3辊式装置进行精加工处理,获得比较例3的润滑脂组合物。
<实验1>(发尘量测定1)
发尘试验使用设置有具备滚珠丝杠的直线导轨(THK公司制)的发尘试验装置来进行。使用的是滚珠丝杠的轴径为25mm、导程径为5mm、精度为C0的装置。润滑脂组合物的封入量设为6cc/螺母。在发尘量测定中供给了实施例1的润滑脂组合物和比较例1的润滑脂组合物。结果如图1-1及图1-2所示。这些结果显示:实施例1的润滑脂组合物为后述的级别2、比较例1的润滑脂组合物为级别4。
发尘试验装置:使用了具有作为测定仪器的微粒计数器(KC-01D;RION Co.,Ltd制)和记录器(GL-200;日本图技株式会社制)的下流式发尘试验装置。
通过下流方式对上述发尘试验装置内供给洁净空气(温度23±1℃、洁净度:JIS等级2)。
予以说明,开口部的流速设为0.25m/s,取样空气量设为0.5L/min。
<发尘试验装置的运转条件>
使洁净空气边卷带由于滚珠丝杠而飞散的油分等(发尘)边以0.25mL/s的流速流入上述微粒计数器中。此时的滚珠丝杠的运作条件设为:速度(1)100mm/s(1200min-1)或(2)300mm/s(3600min-1)、加速度2.94m/s2(0.3G)、行程(stroke)200mm。关于运作模式,在速度(1)100mm/s的情况下,设为往返3行程后停止3分钟的重复运作;在(2)300mm/s的情况下,设为驱动15秒、停止180秒的重复运作。
<微粒的测定条件>
将取样时间设为75秒、吸引量设为1L、停止120秒的操作重复进行,并进行24小时或75小时的测定。
<实验2>(四球式耐负荷试验、四球式耐摩试验、微振磨损试验)
按照ASTM D2596规定的方法,对实施例1、比较例1~3的各润滑脂组合物进行四球式耐负荷试验,测定最大无卡咬负荷(LNL,LastNonseizure Load)、烧结负荷(WL,Weld Load)及负荷磨损指数(LWI,Load Wear Index)。结果示于表1。
按照ASTM D2266同样对实施例1、比较例1~3的各润滑脂组合物进行四球式耐摩试验,按照ASTM D4170进行微振磨损试验。结果分别示于表1。
[表1]
对于通过与实施例1同样的方法制造的、在40℃的运动粘度以及增稠剂的含量不同的实施例1~7和比较例4~7的润滑脂,进行上述试验中的、测定发尘量的试验和测定烧结负荷的试验。结果示于以下的表2及表3。
[表2]
表2中,比较例4(基础油的运动粘度为70mm2/s的例子)中,由于基础油的运动粘度过低、流动性提高,因此基础油以液滴形式飞散,发尘量极多。此外,比较例5(基础油的运动粘度为400mm2/s的例子)中,因基础油的运动粘度过高而使在高速区域内扭矩、滑动阻力增大,发尘量极多。
[表3]
表3中,比较例6(增稠剂的含量为8质量%的例子)中,因混合后稠度过大而使增稠能力(油保持能力)变差、油容易飞散(发尘)、发尘量极多。此外,比较例7(增稠剂的含量为42质量%的例子)中,因混合后稠度过小(润滑脂变得过硬)而使扭矩、滑动阻力增大,无法发挥润滑脂原有的功能,不适合供于试验。
表2及3中的发尘量的测定结果是使用由THK株式会社制定的级别1~4的评价基准对上述实验1的发尘量的测定结果进行评价而得到的。予以说明,级别1~4的评价如下。
级别1:相当于JIS等级3
级别2:相当于JIS等级4
级别3:相当于JIS等级5
级别4:洁净环境中无法使用的级别
由以上试验结果可知,本实施方式的润滑脂组合物具有能够充分耐受在洁净环境中使用的低发尘性、和能够耐受高负荷的充分的耐负荷性。
本实施方式的润滑脂组合物的用途没有特别限制,例如在运动引导装置中为了赋予润滑性而使用。具体而言,使用于例如直线导轨、滚珠丝杠、滚珠花键等运动引导装置,这些运动引导装置具有:滚动体(滚珠或辊);具有使滚动体滚行的滚行面的轨道轴(轨道导轨)、驱动轴(丝杠轴等);具有与上述滚行面对置的滚动体的负载滚动体滚行面,介由上述滚动体而设置在上述轨道轴、驱动轴且沿着该轴相对地往复移动的移动构件(移动块、螺母构件等)。
并且,在使用本实施方式的润滑脂组合物时,对运动引导装置的轨道轴的滚行面和移动构件的负载滚行面进行润滑。对于使用本实施方式的润滑脂组合物对运动引导装置进行润滑的方法及手段,没有特别限制。
例如,以作为运动引导装置的直线导轨为例说明如下。
即,如图2所示,直线导轨具备:作为轨道轴而设置的轨道导轨(1);介由设置在轨道导轨中的多个作为滚动体的滚珠(3)而往复运动自如地安装的作为移动构件的移动块(2)。
轨道导轨的与其长度方向垂直的截面为大致矩形形状,从上表面至下表面设置有用于以螺栓安装在底座上的螺栓孔。此外,在由上表面和两侧面形成的拐角部附近,夹持拐角部地在轨道导轨的整个长度方向形成两条滚动体滚行槽(1a、1b),总计形成4条。
另一方面,移动块由以金属材料构成的移动块主体和设置在移动块主体部的移动方向的两端面的以树脂材料形成的一对盖体(5)构成。
移动块主体中,在与轨道导轨的滚动体滚行槽分别对应的位置设置有负载滚动体滚行槽(2a、2b、4a、4b)。由轨道导轨的滚动体滚行槽和形成于移动块主体部的负载滚动体滚行槽来形成负载滚动体滚行路,该通路中导入的多个滚珠边承受负载边滚行。此外,移动块主体部具备与负载滚动体滚行槽平行地延伸的无负载滚动体滚行路。进而,一对盖体中分别设有连接各无负载滚动体滚行路和各负载滚动体滚行路的方向转换路。通过将1个负载滚动体滚行路、无负载滚动体滚行路以及连接两者的一对方向转换路组合而构成1个无限循环路。
并且,通过多个滚珠设置成能够在由负载滚动体滚行路、无负载滚动体滚行路以及一对方向转换路构成的无限循环路中无限循环,能够使移动块相对于轨道导轨进行相对往复运动。
任意一个盖体(5)中设置有用于对方向转换路供给润滑脂组合物的润滑脂喷嘴(9)。
润滑脂组合物向该直线导轨的供给例如通过在润滑脂罐中装填该润滑脂组合物,并从直线导轨的润滑脂喷嘴(9)填充至方向转换路来进行。
本实施方式的润滑脂组合物还可以应用于例如国际公开第2009/034804A1号小册子及国际公开第2009/020075A1号小册子等中记载的带有防尘机构的直线运动执行元件。另一方面,图3的直线运动执行元件(100)具备:滚珠丝杠;具有与上述滚珠丝杠螺合且设置有润滑脂喷嘴的滚珠丝杠螺母,随着上述滚珠丝杠的旋转运动而沿着该滚珠丝杠的轴向往复直线运动自如的移动台(10);至少覆盖上述滚珠丝杠地设置的壳构件(11);沿着上述移动台的移动轨迹而形成在上述壳构件上的开口部(12、13);以及为了封闭上述开口部而配置在上述壳构件的内侧的防尘带(14、15),为了边维持上述防尘带对上述开口部的封闭边实现上述移动台的沿着上述开口部的移动,而在上述移动台设置迂回机构,该迂回机构用于使处于与上述移动台重叠位置的上述防尘带迂回,可以通过在该直线运动执行元件的拆除了带的直线导轨、滚珠丝杠(未图示)中使用润滑脂罐等来封入本实施方式的润滑脂组合物。
在将本实施方式的润滑脂组合物应用于在国际公开第2009/020075A1号小册子中记载的上述带有防尘机构的直线运动执行元件中进一步设置有吸引口的直线运动执行元件时,能够边维持与以往同样的洁净度边消减以往的吸引量。
上述运动引导装置中包括具备以下说明的交叉滚柱轴环的运动引导装置。
作为用本实施方式的润滑脂组合物进行润滑的交叉滚柱轴环,可以列举出例如日本特开平11-245128号公报中记载的装置。具体而言,可以列举图4中记载的形态,该形态具备:外圈(21);相对于外圈能够相对旋转的内圈(20);以及多个辊(22),所述辊(22)以辊的旋转轴交叉的方式收容在形成于上述外圈的外圈侧辊滚行部、及形成于上述内圈的内圈侧辊滚行部之间的辊循环路中。
在这样的交叉滚柱轴环中,可以列举如下形态:上述外圈侧辊滚行部和内圈侧辊滚行部分别为具有大致90°的V字形状的槽,邻接的辊间夹装有保持器(23)。该形态由于能够在1个环上负载径向负荷、轴向负荷及力矩负荷等所有方向的负荷,因此可以优选用于承受高负载的大型化装置。
在用润滑脂对交叉滚柱轴环进行润滑时,例如,当在交叉滚柱轴环的外圈设置润滑剂储存槽等时,可以长期保持有润滑脂,即使不进行供油也能够长期保持润滑状态,有助于所谓的免除维护。
本实施方式的润滑脂组合物向交叉滚柱轴环的赋予既可以利用使用润滑脂罐等的方法,也可以使用在保持器自身中浸渍本实施方式的润滑脂组合物的方法。
作为具备用本实施方式的润滑脂组合物进行润滑的上述交叉滚柱轴环的运动引导装置,可以列举例如精密工作台装置。
作为精密工作台装置,可以例示日本特开平11-245128号公报所述的两轴平行且一轴旋转工作台装置。该两轴平行且一轴旋转工作台装置具备运动引导机构,如图5所示,所述运动引导机构具有:两轴平行运动引导部(26),其用于将工作台(25)支承为相对于基台(24)能够以同一姿势沿着彼此交叉的两轴方向相对地平行运动;以及回旋运动引导部(27),其安装在两轴平行运动引导部(26)中与基台(24)相反一侧,将工作台(25)支承为能够旋转。从获得高刚性的观点出发,该运动引导机构中可以例示如下形态:使用上述直线导轨作为双轴平行运动引导部,在回旋运动引导部(27)中装入上述交叉滚柱轴环。
此外,本实施方式的润滑脂组合物还能够应用于装入有上述交叉滚柱轴环的工业用机器人的关节部、回旋部所使用的旋转驱动装置、机械加工中心、机械手及半导体制造装置等。
作为旋转驱动装置,可以例示例如在日本特开2010-84842号公报中记载的装置。
本发明的润滑脂组合物在进行特别严格的空调管理的生产现场中用于大型化工业用机器人等负载高负荷的装置的润滑时能够发挥优异的低发尘性和高耐负荷性。尤其能够防止在用于洁净环境中的工业用机器人等的Z轴、关节部的构件等处发生疲劳剥落。
符号说明
1 轨道导轨、1a、1b 滚动体滚行槽、2 移动块、2a、2b 负载滚动体滚行槽、3 滚珠、4a、4b 负载滚动体滚行槽、5 盖体、6 端部密封件、7内部密封件、8 侧部密封件、9 润滑脂喷嘴、10 移动台、11 壳构件、12、13 开口部、14、15 防尘带、20 内圈、21 外圈、22 辊、23 保持器、24基台、25 工作台、26 两轴平行运动引导部、27 回旋运动引导部 100 直线运动执行元件
Claims (10)
1.一种洁净环境用润滑脂组合物,其含有基础油、增稠剂和极压剂,
所述基础油在40℃的运动粘度为100~300mm2/s,
该润滑脂组合物包含锂复合皂作为所述增稠剂,
所述增稠剂的含量相对于所述组合物总量为10~40质量%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的洁净环境用润滑脂组合物,其中,构成所述锂复合皂的脂肪酸成分的50质量%以上为羟基羧酸。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的洁净环境用润滑脂组合物,其中,所述润滑脂的混合后稠度为200~400。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的洁净环境用润滑脂组合物,其中,所述基础油包含选自石蜡成分为80质量%以上的矿物油、烃系合成油、烷基苯基醚及酯中的1种以上物质。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的洁净环境用润滑脂组合物,其特征在于,其含有相对于所述基础油的总量为50质量%以上的烃系合成油。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的洁净环境用润滑脂组合物,其中,所述增稠剂的含量相对于所述组合物总量为15~35质量%。
7.根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的洁净环境用润滑脂组合物,其中,所述极压剂包含选自二硫代氨基甲酸钼、二硫代磷酸钼及二硫代磷酸锌、二硫代氨基甲酸锌中的1种以上物质。
8.根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的洁净环境用润滑脂组合物,其中,所述基础油是在40℃的运动粘度为350~1600mm2/s的高粘度的基础油与在40℃的运动粘度小于350mm2/s的低粘度的基础油的混合物,全部基础油的25质量%以上为所述高粘度的基础油。
9.根据权利要求1~8中任一项所述的洁净环境用润滑脂组合物,其中,所述锂复合皂通过在其生成时在将40℃的运动粘度调整至250mm2/s以上的基础油中进行脂肪酸及复合化剂与氢氧化锂的反应来获得。
10.一种运动引导装置,其用权利要求1~9中任一项所述的洁净环境用润滑脂组合物进行润滑。
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WO2012141222A1 (ja) | 2012-10-18 |
TW201249981A (en) | 2012-12-16 |
EP2698420B1 (en) | 2019-08-07 |
TWI545186B (zh) | 2016-08-11 |
KR20140035901A (ko) | 2014-03-24 |
JPWO2012141222A1 (ja) | 2014-07-28 |
US9090848B2 (en) | 2015-07-28 |
JP5841129B2 (ja) | 2016-01-13 |
CN103476911B (zh) | 2016-06-22 |
KR101814236B1 (ko) | 2018-01-02 |
EP2698420A4 (en) | 2014-10-22 |
US20140045733A1 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
EP2698420A1 (en) | 2014-02-19 |
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