CN1034365A - 杀真菌剂 - Google Patents

杀真菌剂 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1034365A
CN1034365A CN88108433A CN88108433A CN1034365A CN 1034365 A CN1034365 A CN 1034365A CN 88108433 A CN88108433 A CN 88108433A CN 88108433 A CN88108433 A CN 88108433A CN 1034365 A CN1034365 A CN 1034365A
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CN1038678C (zh
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约翰·马丁·克拉夫
克里斯托弗-理查德·艾尔斯·戈弗雷
斯蒂芬·保罗·希尼
肯尼斯·安德顿
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Syngenta Ltd
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及杀真菌剂的丙烯酸衍生物、其制备方 法、含其的杀真菌剂及使用其防治真菌特别是植物真 菌感染的方法。本发明化合物及其立体异构体为下 式(I),其中A,B,E,K,N,X和Z的定义如说明书 所述。

Description

本发明涉及杀真菌剂的丙烯酸衍生物、其制备方法、含其的杀真菌剂及使用其防治真菌特别是植物真菌感染的方法。
本发明提供了式(Ⅰ)的化合物及其立体异构体:
Figure 881084336_IMG23
其中K是氧或硫;Z是任意取代的芳基或任意取代的杂芳基;X是0,
S(O)n,NR4,CR1R2,CHR5,CO,CR1(OR2),C=CR1R2,CHR1CHR2,CR1=CR2,CHR1CR2=CH,C≡C,OCHR1,CHR1O,OCHR1O,S(O)nCHR1,S(O)nCHR1O,CHR1S(O)n,CHR1OSO2,NR4CHR1,CHR1NR4,CO2,O2C,SO2O,OSO2,CO.CO,COCHR1,COCHR1O,CHR1CO,CHOH.CHR1,CHR1.CHOH,
Figure 881084336_IMG24
CONR4,OCONR4,NR4CO,CSNR4,OCS.NR4,SCO.NR4,NR4CO2,NR4CS,NR4CSO,NR4COS,NR4CONR4,S(O)nNR4,NR4S(O)n,CS2,S2C,CO.S,SCO,N=N,N=CR1,CR1=N,CHR1CHR2CH(OH),CHR1OCO,CHR1SCO,CHR1NR4CO,CHR1NR4COR4,CHR1CHR2CO,O.N=CR1,CHR1O.N=CR2,CO.OCR1R2,CHR1CHR2CHR3,OCHR1CHR2,(CH2mO,CHR1OCHR2,CHR1CHR2O,OCHR1CHR2O,S(O)nCHR1CHR2,CHR1S(O)nCHR2,CHR1CHR2S(O)n,CR1=NNR4,NR4N=CR1,CHR1CONR2,CHR1OCO.NR2,CH=CHCH2O,COCHR1CHR2O,或(R52P+CHR2Q-;A,B
E可以相同也可以不相同,它们是H,羟基,卤素,C1-4烷基,C1-4烷氧基,C1-4卤代烷基,C1-4卤代烷氧基,C1-4烷羰基,C1-4烷氧羰基,苯氧基,硝基或氰基;R1、R2和R3可以相同也可以不同,它们是H,C1-4烷基或苯基;R4是H,C1-4烷基或COR1;R5是任意取代的苯基;Q-是一种卤代物阴离子;n是0、1或2和m是3、4或5。
特别有意义的是其中X为0,OCH2,CH2O及SO2O的那些化合物。
本发明的化合物至少含一个碳-碳双键,并且有时是以几何异构体的混合物形式得到。但是这些混合物可以被分离成单个的异构体,本发明包括了这样的异构体及其各种比例的混合物,包括了主要是由(Z)一异构体组成的混合物及主要是由(E)一异构体组成的混合物。
由不对称取代的丙烯酸酯基团的双键所形成的单个的异构体是以通常使用的术语“E”和“Z”来定义的。这些术语是按照Cahn-Ingold-Prelog体系定义的,这个体系在文献中已作了充分说明(见例如J.March的“Advanced    OrganicChemistry”第三版,Wiley-Interscience,第109页及其以下等)。
通常,一种异构体较另一种异构体有更强的抗菌活性,抗菌性较强的异构体通常是其中基团-CO2CH3和-OCH3位于丙烯酸酯基团的烯键的对边〔(“E”)-异构体〕。这些(E)-异构体构成本发明的优选的实施例。
化合物(Ⅰ)中的取代基Z是任意取代的芳基或任意取代的杂芳基。只要价键允许,每个任意取代的芳基或杂芳基都可以有直到5个取代基。术语“芳基”包括尤其是苯基和萘基。术语“杂芳基”包括含有杂原子O、S和N(优选S或N)中的一个或多个原子的5及6元的杂环基,稠苯及杂芳环体系,及每种情况下相应的N-氧化物。杂芳基Z的例子是吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、1,2,3-,1,2,4-及1,3,5-三嗪基、1,2,4,5-四嗪基、1,2,3-和1,2,4-三唑基、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、噻唑基、噁二唑基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、喹喔啉基、苯并噻吩基、苯并噁唑基及苯并噻唑基,并且只要合适,还包括相应的N-氧化物。存在于任意取代的芳基及杂芳基部分的取代基包括一个或多个如下基团:卤素、羟基、巯基,C1-4烷基(特别是甲基和乙基)、C2-4链烯基(特别是烯丙基)、C2-4炔基(特别是炔丙基)、C1-4烷氧基(特别是甲氧基)、C2-4链烯氧基(特别是烯丙氧基)、C2-4炔氧基(特别是炔丙氧基)、卤代(C1-4)烷基(特别是三氟甲基)、卤代(C1-4)烷氧基(特别是三氟甲氧基)、C1-4烷硫基(特别是甲硫基),羟(C1-4)烷基、C1-4烷氧基(C1-4)烷基,C3-6环烷基、C3-6环烷基(C1-4)烷基,任意取代的芳基(特别是任意取代的苯基),任意取代的杂芳基(特别是任意取代的吡啶基或嘧啶基),任意取代的芳氧基(特别是任意取代的苯氧基),任意取代的杂芳氧基(特别是任意取代的吡啶氧基或嘧啶氧基),任意取代的芳基(C1-4)烷基(特别是任意取代的苄基,任意取代的苯乙基及任意取代的苯基正丙基)(其中的烷基部分是任意的被羟基取代),任意取代的杂芳基(C1-4)烷基(特别是任意取代的吡啶基-或嘧啶基-(C1-4)烷基),任意取代的芳基(C2-4)链烯基(特别是任意取代的苯乙烯基),任意取代的杂芳基(C2-4)链烯基(特别是任意取代的吡啶乙烯基或嘧啶乙烯基),任意取代的芳基(C1-4)烷氧基(特别是任意取代的苄氧基),任意取代的杂芳基(C1-4)烷氧基(特别是任意取代的吡啶基-或嘧啶基(C1-4)烷氧基),任意取代的芳氧基(C1-4)烷基(特别是苯氧甲基),任意取代的杂芳氧基(C1-4)烷基(特别是任意取代的吡啶氧-或嘧啶氧(C1-4)烷基,酰氧基,包括C1-4烷酰氧基(特别是乙酰氧基)和苯甲酰氧基),氰基、氰硫基、硝基、-NR′R″、-NHCOR′、-NHCONR′R″、-CONR′R″、-COOR′、-OSO2R′、-SO2R′、-COR′、-CR′=NR″、或-N=CR′R″,其中R′和R″分别是H,C1-4烷基,C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷硫基,C3-6环烷基、C3-6环烷基(C1-4)烷基、苯基或苄基,该苯基和苄基任意被卤素、C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基取代。
可存在于上述任何取代基上的芳基或杂芳基环上的及R5的苯环上的取代基包括一个或多个如下基团:卤素,羟基,巯基,C1-4烷基,C2-4链烯基,C2-4炔基,C1-4烷氧基,C2-4链烯氧基,C2-4炔氧基,卤代(C1-4)烷基,卤代(C1-4)烷氧基,C1-4烷硫基,羟基(C1-4)烷基,C1-4烷氧基(C1-4)烷基,C3-6环烷基,C3-6环烷基(C1-4)烷基,烷酰氧基,苯甲酰氧基,氰基,氰硫基,硝基,-NR′R″,-NHCOR′,-NHCONR′R″,-CONR′R″,-COOR′,-OSO2R′,-SO2R′,-COR′,-CR′=NR″或-N=CR′R″,其中的R′及R″如上述。
当取代基A,B和E械娜我桓鍪荂1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基时,其烷基部分可以是直链或者支链的形式。即该部分可以是甲基,乙基,正一或异一丙基,或正一,仲一,异一,叔一丁基。本文其他处的C1-4烷基和C1-4烷氧基具有同样含意。C2-4链烯基可以是直链的或者支链的,并且只要合适,可以是(E)-或者是(Z)-构型。这类基团的例子是乙烯基,烯丙基,-C(CH3)=CH2,及(E)-和(Z)-丁烯基。
取代基A和B最好是位于苯环的4-和5-位,取代基E最好是一种小基团或如氢或卤素那样的单个原子,通常,E及A和B中的一者或两者是氢。
一方面,本发明包括具有式(Ia)的化合物:
其中X=O,S(O)n,(其中n是0,1或2),NH,NCH3,NCH2CH3,NCOCH3,NCH(CH32,CH2,CH(CH3),C(CH32,CO,C=CH2,C=C(CH32,CH2CH2,CH(CH3)CH2,CH2CH(CH3),(E)-CH=CH,(Z)-CH=CH,(E)-C(CH3)=C(CH3),C≡C,OCH2,OCH(CH3),(CH2pO,其中P是整数1~5,
CH(CH3)O,SCH2,SCH(CH3),S(O)CH2,S(O)CH(CH3),S(O)2CH2,S(O)2CH(CH3),CH2S,CH(CH3)S,CH2S(O),CH(CH3)S(O),CH2S(O)2,CH(CH3)S(O)2,NHCH2,N(CH3)CH2,N(COCH3)CH2,NHCH(CH3),N(CH3)CH(CH3),N(COCH3)CH(CH3),CH2NH,CH2N(CH3),CH2N(COCH3),CH(CH3)NH,CH(CH3)N(CH3),CH(CH3)N(COCH3),CO2,O2C,SO2O,OSO2,CO.CO,COCH2,COCH(CH3),CH2CO,CH(CH3)CO,CH(OH)CH2,CH(OH)CH(CH3),CH2CH(OH),CH(CH3)CH(OH),CONH,CON(CH3),CON(CH2CH2CH3),CON(CHO),CON(COCH3),NHCO,N(CH3)CO,N(CH2CH3)CO,N(CHO)CO,N(COCH3)CO,CSN(CH3),CSNH,NHCS,N(CH3)CS,SO2NH,SO2N(CH3),NHSO2,N(CH3)SO2,N(CH2CH3)SO2,CS2,S2C,COS,SCO,(E)-N=N,(E)-N=CH,(E)-N=C(CH3),(E)-CH2=N,(E)-C(CH3)=N,CH2CH2CH2,CH(CH3)CH2CH2,CH2CH(CH3)CH2,CH2CH2CH(CH3),OCH2CH2,CH2OCH2,SCH2CH2,S(O)CH2CH2,S(O)2CH2CH2,CH2SCH2,CH2S(O)CH2,CH2S(O)2CH2,CH2CH2S,CH2CH2S(O),CH2CH2S(O)2,(E)-CH=NNH,(E)-C(CH3)=NNH,(E)-CH=NN(CH3),(E)-NHN=CH,(E)-NHN=C(CH3),(E)-N(CH3)N=CH,CH2CONH,CH(CH3)CON(CH3),CH(CH3)CON(CH3),(E)-CH=CHCH2O,COCH2CH2O,
Figure 881084336_IMG26
CH(C6H5),COCH2O,CH(OH),CO2CH2,(C6H52P+CH2Br-,CH2OCO,CH2NHCO,CH2SCO,OCH2O,OCH2CH2O,S(O)CH2O,COCH(CH3)O,(E)-CH2ON=CH,(Z)-CH2ON=CH,CH2CH2CH(OH),(E)-CH2CH=CH,C(CH3)(OH),CH2OSO2,CH2NHCO.NH,OCO.NH,NHCO.NH或CH2OCO.NH;A是H,羟基,卤素,C1-4烷基,C1-4烷氧基,三氟甲基,硝基,氰基,乙酰基或苯氧基;B和E是H或卤素;D是H,羟基,卤素,C1-4烷基,C1-4烷氧基,硝基,氰基,卤代(C1-4)烷基(特别是三氟甲基),卤代(C1-4)烷氧基(特别是三氟甲氧基),苯基,苯氧基,NHCOR6,NHSO2R6,NR7R8,CO2R7,其中的R6是C1-4烷基(特别是甲基)或者苯基;R7和R8分别是H或C1-4烷基或CH3O2C·C=CH·OCH3;G是H,卤素,C1-4烷基,C1-4烷氧基或硝基;或者当D和G毗邻时形成苯环或吡啶环。
更具体地说,本发明包括如下述的式(Ia)的化合物,其中X是O,OCH2,CH2O,CH(OH)或SO2O;A是H,羟基,卤素,C1-4烷基,C1-4烷氧基,三氟甲基,硝基,氰基,乙酰基或苯氧基;B和E是H或卤素;D是H,羟基,卤素,C1-4烷基,C1-4烷氧基,硝基,氰基,卤代(C1-4)烷基(特别是三氟甲基),卤代(C1-4)烷氧基(特别是三氟甲氧基),苯基,苯氧基,NHCOR6,NHSO2R6,NR7R8或CO2R7,其中R6是C1-4烷基(特别是甲基)或苯基,R7和R8分别是H或C1-4烷基,G是H,卤素,C1-4烷基,C1-4烷氧基或硝基。特别有意义的是式(Ia)的化合物其中的X是O,OCH2,CH2O或SO2O;D是H,卤素,C1-4烷基,C1-4烷氧基,硝基,氰基或氨基及A、B、E和G全是H。
另一方面,本发明包括式(Ib)的化合物:
Figure 881084336_IMG27
其中Z是吡啶基,嘧啶基,三嗪基,吡嗪基,哒嗪基,喹啉基,苯并噁唑基,苯并噻唑基,噻吩基,喹喔啉基,噻唑基,异喹啉基,喹唑啉基,嘌呤基,噁唑基,噻二唑基,噁二唑基,呋喃基,吡咯基或噻吩并嘧啶基,以及它们的N-氧化物,这些基每一个都可任意被如下基团取代:卤素,C1-4烷基,C1-4烷氧基,C1-4烷硫基,卤代(C1-4)烷基(特别是三氟甲基),氰基,硝基,SO2R6,COOR7,苯基,苯氧基,C1-4烷酰基及CONR7R8,其中的R6是C1-4烷基,R7和R8分别是H或C1-4烷基;X是0,S,NH,N(CH3),SO2O,CH2,CH2CH2,OCH2,CH2O,CH(OH),CONH或CO;A和B分别是H,卤素,C1-4烷基,C1-4烷氧基,氰基,硝基,卤代(C1-4)烷基(特别是三氟甲基),或卤代(C1-4)烷氧基(特别是三氟甲氧基);E是H或卤素。
更具体地说,本发明包括如下述的式(Ib)的化合物:其中X是O,OCH2,CH2O,CH(OH),或SO2O;Z是吡啶基,嘧啶基或噻唑基及它们的N-氧化物,这些基的每一个可以任意被如下基团取代:卤素,C1-4烷基,C1-4烷氧基,C1-4烷硫基,卤代(C1-4)烷基(特别是三氟甲基),氰基,硝基,SO2R6,COOR7,苯基,苯氧基,C1-4烷酰基及CONR7R8,其中R6是C1-4烷基,R7和R8分别是H或C1-4烷基;A和B分别是H,卤素,C1-4烷基,C1-4烷氧基,氰基,硝基,卤代(C1-4)烷基(特别是三氟甲基)或卤代(C1-4)烷氧基(特别是三氟甲氧基);E是H或卤素。
特别有意义的是式(Ib)的化合物,其中的X是0或OCH2;Z是吡啶-2-基,嘧啶-2-基,嘧啶-4-基或噻唑-2-基,其每一个基可以任意被卤素,氰基,硝基或SO2R6取代(R6是C1-4烷基);A,B和E全是H。
还有另一种情况是本发明包括式(Ic)的化合物:
Figure 881084336_IMG28
其中X,A,B,D,E和G与化合物(Ia)所给的含意相同。
本发明还包括式(Id)的化合物:
其中Z,X,A,B和E与化合物(Ib)所给的含意相同。
本发明用下述的表Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ和Ⅳ中所列的化合物来说明,在表Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ和Ⅳ中3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯基团为(E)构型。
表Ⅰ(续)
Figure 881084336_IMG31
表Ⅰ(续)
Figure 881084336_IMG32
表Ⅰ(续)
Figure 881084336_IMG33
表Ⅰ(续)
表Ⅰ(续)
Figure 881084336_IMG35
表Ⅰ(续)
Figure 881084336_IMG36
表Ⅰ(续)
Figure 881084336_IMG37
表Ⅰ(续)
Figure 881084336_IMG38
表Ⅰ(续)
Figure 881084336_IMG39
表Ⅰ(续)
表Ⅰ(续)
表Ⅰ(续)
Figure 881084336_IMG42
表Ⅰ(续)
Figure 881084336_IMG43
表Ⅰ(续)
Figure 881084336_IMG44
表Ⅰ(续)
Figure 881084336_IMG45
表Ⅰ(续)
Figure 881084336_IMG46
表Ⅰ(续)
Figure 881084336_IMG47
表Ⅰ-脚注:
+    β-甲氧基丙烯酸酯基团上烯属质子产生的单峰化学位移(以四甲基硅烷为基准,用P、P、m计)
溶剂:除非另有说明,均为CDcl3
Figure 881084336_IMG48
取代基D和G结合为一个稠环。
这样,编号为168,169,247,248,332和333的化合物即:
Figure 881084336_IMG49
X    化合物编号
O    168
CH2O 247
SO2O 332
X    化合物编号
O    169
CH2O 248
SO2O 333
及编号424的化合物为:
Figure 881084336_IMG52
Figure 881084336_IMG54
Figure 881084336_IMG55
Figure 881084336_IMG56
Figure 881084336_IMG59
Figure 881084336_IMG60
Figure 881084336_IMG61
Figure 881084336_IMG62
Figure 881084336_IMG63
Figure 881084336_IMG64
Figure 881084336_IMG65
Figure 881084336_IMG66
Figure 881084336_IMG67
Figure 881084336_IMG68
Figure 881084336_IMG70
Figure 881084336_IMG73
表Ⅲ
Figure 881084336_IMG74
表Ⅲ包括具有上面通式结构的447个化合物,其中Z,X,A,B和E的含意全列于表Ⅰ中,即,除了在表Ⅰ中K是氧,在表Ⅲ中K是硫以外,表Ⅲ中的1-447号化合物和表Ⅰ中的化合物是相同的。
表Ⅳ
表Ⅳ包括具有上面通式结构的322个化合物,其中Z,X,A,B和E的含意全列于表II中,即,除了在表Ⅱ中K是氧,在表Ⅳ中K是硫以外,表Ⅳ中的1-322号化合物和表Ⅱ中的化合物是相同的。
表Ⅴ:选择出的质子NMR数据
表Ⅴ列出了表Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ和Ⅳ中所述的某些化合物的选择出的质子核磁共振(n.m.r)数据。化学位移是以四甲基硅烷为基准,以P.P.m表示测定的,全用氘代氯仿作溶剂,标头栏的“频率”是指核磁共振仪的操作频率,使用下列缩写词:
br=宽峰
S=单峰
d=双峰
t=三重峰
q=四重峰
m=多重峰
Figure 881084336_IMG76
Figure 881084336_IMG77
本发明氖剑á瘢┑幕衔锟梢杂酶髦址椒ㄖ票福承┓椒ㄔ诜桨涪竦舰糁胁鳌T谌糠桨钢校跤颣,Z,X,A,B,E,R1,R2,R3,R4和R5如上述定义,R6是H或金属(如钠或钾),R是烷基,L是离去基团如卤化物(氯化物,溴化物或碘化物),CH3SO- 4阴离子或磺酰氧基阴离子。在方案Ⅰ-Ⅵ中所描述的每一步转化均在适当的温度下,在适当的溶剂中或在不存在溶剂的情况下进行。
方案Ⅰ说明从具有三个芳环骨架的母体,在制备本发明的化合物的最后阶段可构成β-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯基团的方法。另外,(β-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯基团可以在制备早期阶段构成,在这种情况下,最后一步或最后几步包括完善本发明的化合物的其他部分以形成三个芳环的骨架。这类过程的例子表示在方案Ⅲ-Ⅵ中。
无论按照那种顺序的步骤制备本发明的化合物,对本发明的所有化合物所共有的醚键均能用方案Ⅱ中所示的一种偶联反应来制备,对于乌尔门(Ullman)醚合成的综述请见A.A.Moroz和M.S.Shrartsberg,Russian Cherm Reviews,1974,43,679。这些偶联反应通常是在由过渡金属或其盐或其化合物,例如铜或铜盐或铜的化合物或其混合物组成的催化剂存在下完成的。在方案Ⅱ中,W代表基团Z-X-(其中Z和X定义如上)或代表能用在化学文献中所述的标准方法转化成基团Z-X-的基团。例如,W可以是OH,SH或-NHR4,Y代表本发明化合物的α-键合的β-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯基团,或者代表用在化学文献中和/或方案Ⅰ及下文中所描述的标准方法可转化或这样的基团的基团。例如,Y可以是-CH2CO2H,-CH2CO2Me或-CHO。在方案Ⅱ的情况下,L是卤素较好。因此,在已述的乌尔门反应的条件下,式(Ⅺ)的化合物和式(Ⅻ)的化合物反应得到式(Ⅷ)的中间体。作为方案Ⅱ中所示的偶联反应的一个例子,取代的3-苯氧基苯酚(以其盐的形式)和2-溴或2-氯-3-氰基吡啶进行偶联得到取代的2-(3-苯氧基苯氧基)-3-氰基吡啶。
另一个具体情况是,本发明包括制备式(Ⅰ)的化合物的方法,即将通式(Ⅻa)的化合物:
Figure 881084336_IMG78
其中Y′是卤素或其他好的离去基团(例如C1-4烷基磺酰基,任意取代的芳基(合适的苯基)磺酰基和硝基),在碱存在下和通式(Ⅺa)的酚或苯硫酚反应,或者最好是在催化剂存在下和酚或苯硫酚(Ⅺa)的盐反应,催化剂包含适当的过渡金属,过渡金属的盐或化合物或其混合物,式(Ⅺa)如下:
Figure 881084336_IMG79
本发明的式(Ⅰ)的化合物可按照方案Ⅰ所示的步骤从式(Ⅲ)的吡啶乙酸酯或者从式(Ⅵ)的酮酯来制备。
因此,可用碱(如氢化钠或甲醇钠)和甲酸甲酯处理式(Ⅲ)的吡啶乙酸酯来制备式(Ⅰ)的化合物。然后,若将式CH3L(其中L如上定义)的物种加入到该反应混合物中就可得到式(Ⅰ)的化合物。若将质子酸加入到该反应混合物中,就可得到R5是H的式(Ⅱ)的化合物。另外,R5是金属(如钠)的式(Ⅱ)的物种本身可以从反应混合物中离析出来。
用式CH3L(其中L的定义如上)的物种处理,可将R5是金属的式(Ⅱ)的化合物转化成式(Ⅰ)的化合物。用碱(如碳酸钾)和通式CH3L的物种连续处理,可将R5是H的式(Ⅱ)的化合物转化成式(Ⅰ)的化合物。
另外,在酸性或碱性条件下,可用从式(Ⅳ)的缩醛中消除甲醇的方法来制备式(Ⅰ)的化合物。这种转化中可用的试剂或试剂混合物的例子是二丙酰胺锂,硫酸氢钾(如见:T.Yamada,H    Hagiwara和Uda,J.Chem.Soc.,Chemical    Communications,1980,838及其参考文献)和三乙胺,通常在路易斯酸如四氯化钛(如见:K    Nsunda和L    Heresi,J.Chem.Soc.,Chemical    Communications,1985,1000)存在下使用。
在路易斯酸如四氯化钛存在下,用原甲酸三甲酯处理R是烷基的式(Ⅴ)的甲基甲硅烷基烯酮缩醛可以制备式(Ⅳ)的缩醛(如见:K    Saigo,M    Osaki和T    Mukaiyama,Chemistry    Letters,1976,769)。
式(Ⅴ)的甲基甲硅烷基烯酮缩醛可以由式(Ⅲ)的吡啶乙酸酯用碱和式R3Sicl或R3SiBr的三烷基硅基卤化物(如三甲基硅基氯化物),或用碱(如三乙胺)和式R3Si-OSO2CF3的三氟甲基磺酸三烷基甲硅烷基酯处理来制备(如见:C Ainsworth,F Chen和y Kuo,J.Organometallic Chemistry,1972,46,59)。
不必总要离析中间体(Ⅳ)和(Ⅴ),在适当条件下,式(Ⅰ)的化合物可以由式(Ⅲ)的吡啶乙酸酯在“一个反应器”内连续加入上述的适当试剂来制备。
另外,式(Ⅰ)的化合物可以用例如甲氧基亚甲基三苯基正膦处理式(Ⅵ)的酮酯来制备(如见:W    Steglich,G    Schramm    T    Anke和F    Oberwinkler,EP    0044448,1980,7,4)。
式(Ⅵ)的酮酯可以用文献中所述的方法制备。特别有用的方法包括(i)使用L    M    Weinstok,RB    Gurrie和AV    Lovell所述的方法(Synth.Commun,1981,11,943及其参考文献),将合适的吡啶镁卤化物和吡啶锂和草酸二甲酯反应;(ii)通常在无溶剂及温度100℃以上用二氧化硒氧化式(Ⅲ)的吡啶乙酸酯和(iii)在适当的溶剂中使用例如氧化锰氧化(3-吡啶基)乙醇酸酯。
式(Ⅲ)的吡啶乙酸酯和式(Ⅶ)的相应的吡啶乙酸也可以用化学文献中所述的许多其他方法制备。例如DC    Atkinson,KE    Godfrey,B    Meek,JF    Saville和MR    Stillings,J.Med.Chem.,1983,261353和DC    Atkinson,kE    Godfrey,PL    Meyers,NC    Phillips,M    R    Stillings和A    P    Welbourn,J.Med.Chem.,1983,26    1361所述的几种有用的方法。而且,使用已带有邻位取代的苯氧基取代基和取代基E的适当的母体,J-P    Rieu,A    Boucherle,H    Cousse和G    Mouzin,Tetrahedron,1986,42,4095所述的制备2-芳基丙酸酯和酸的许多方法也适于用来制备式(Ⅲ)的吡啶乙酸酯及式(Ⅶ)的吡啶乙酸。
Figure 881084336_IMG80
方案Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ和Ⅶ说明含有β-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯基团的中间体的例子,并且表明它们怎么样转化成本发明的某些特殊类型的化合物(Ⅰ)。
因此,在方案Ⅲ中,在碱存在下及有时是在过渡金属或过渡金属盐催化剂如铜或铜盐催化剂存在下,将式(XIII)的化合物和式ZL的芳香或杂芳香的化合物(其中Z和L如上定义),或者和式Z2I+T-的碘盐(其中Z如上定义,T是抗衡离子如卤化物离子)或者和芳基或杂芳基铋物种反应得到式(ⅩⅣ)的化合物。另外,在碱存在下,将式(ⅩⅢ)的化合物和式ZSO2Q的芳基或杂芳基磺酰卤(其中Z如上定义;Q是卤素)反应,得到式(ⅩⅤ)的化合物。而且,在碱存在下将式(ⅩⅢ)的化合物和式ZCHR1L的芳烷基或杂芳烷基物种(其中Z,R1和L定义同上)反应也得到式(ⅩⅥ)的化合物。
在方案Ⅳ中,式(ⅩⅦ)的硫醇类一般在碱存在下和式ZL的芳香或杂芳香化合物,或者和式Z2I+T-的碘盐,或者和芳香或杂芳香铋物种反应,得到式(ⅩⅧ)的化合物。这些方法和式(ⅩⅢ)的相应的酚的反应是类似的。同样,还是在碱的存在下,式(ⅩⅦ)的硫醇类和式ZCHR1L的芳烷基或杂芳烷基物种反应得到式(ⅪⅩ)的化合物。式(ⅩⅧ)和式(ⅪⅩ)的硫化物用化学文献中所述的标准方法可氧化成相应的亚砜和砜。
在方案Ⅴ中,通常是在碱存在的条件下,式(ⅩⅩ)的化合物和式ZOH的芳香或杂芳香的化合物的羟基衍生物(其中Z如上定义)反应,形成式(ⅩⅪ)的化合物。而且,式(ⅩⅩ)的化合物和式P(OR)3的三烷基亚磷酸酯或者和式M+P-(O)(OR)2(其中在每种情况下R如上定义,M是如钠或锂那样的金属)反应得到式(ⅩⅫ)的膦酸酯。式(ⅩⅫ)的膦酸酯在碱存在下和式ZR1C:O的醛或酮(其中Z和R1定义如上)反应得到式(ⅩⅩⅣ)的烯。另外,式(ⅩⅩⅢ)的醛或酮当用式ZR1C-P(O)(OR)2M+的膦酸酯阴离子(其中Z,R,R1和M的定义同上)或者用相应的正膦处理时也得到式(ⅩⅩⅣ)的烯。式(ⅩⅩⅣ)的烯例如用适当的催化剂加氢,可还原成式(ⅩⅩⅤ)的化合物。
在方案Ⅵ中,式(ⅩⅩⅥ)的化合物在碱存在下和式ZCOQ的酰卤(其中Z和Q如上定义)反应,或者在适当的脱水剂存在下和式ZCO2H的酸(其中Z如上定义)反应,得到式(ⅩⅩⅦ)的化合物。
用化学文献中所述的方法,也可以把式(ⅩⅩⅥ)的中间体转化成其他类型的本发明的式(Ⅰ)的化合物。例如,其中R4是H的式(ⅩⅩⅥ)的化合物通过重氮化反应,可以转化成相应的磺酰氯(对照:Organic Syntheses,1981,60,121),然后在碱存在下用醇或酚处理转化成磺酸酯。
用化学文献中所述的亲电取代反应类型的过程,其中A和B中至少一个是氢的本发明的式(Ⅰ)的化合物可转化成A和B中至少一个是某些取代基(如卤素或硝基或酰基)的本发明的式(Ⅰ)的化合物。
式(ⅩⅢ),(ⅩⅦ),(ⅩⅩ),(ⅩⅩⅢ)和(ⅩⅩⅥ)的中间体可用化学文献中所述的方法及方案Ⅰ和Ⅱ中所述类型的方法制备。例如,在有光照或避免光照的情况下,由L是H的式(ⅩⅩ)的化合物和N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺或N,N-二溴二甲基海因反应,可以制备L是溴的式(ⅩⅩ)的化合物。
式(Ⅸ),(Ⅹ),(Ⅺ),(Ⅻ),ZL,Z2I+T-,ZCHR1L,ZSO2Q,ZOH,ZR1C:O,ZR1C-P(O)(OR)2M+,ZCOQ和ZCO2H的中间体可以用化学文献中所述的方法制备。
方案Ⅴ
方案Ⅵ
在方案Ⅶ中,式(ⅩⅩⅧ)的化合物可被氧化,例如在合适的溶剂中(如二氯甲烷),使用重铬酸吡啶鎓,或者于二甲亚砜中在碱存在下使用草酰氯(Swern氧化法)氧化,得到式(ⅩⅩⅢ)的醛(其中R2是H)或酮(其中R2是烷基)。式(ⅩⅩⅢ)的醛或酮可与式ZONH2或ZCHR1ONH2的羟胺或者与式ZNR1NH2的肼(其中Z和R1如上定义)反应,得到其中x分别是基团ON=CR2,CHR1ON=CR2或NR1N=CR2的式(Ⅰ)的本发明的化合物。式(ⅩⅩⅢ)的化合物也可与式ZMgHal或式ZCR1R2MgHcl的格林雅尔试剂(其中Hal是氯、溴或碘,Z,R1,R2如上定义)反应,得到其中X分别是CR2(OH)或CR1R2CR2(OH)的式(Ⅰ)的本发明的化合物。式(ⅩⅫ)的化合物也可在还原剂(如氰基氢硼化钠或者在适当的金属催化剂存在下的氢气)存在下,与式ZNHR1或ZCR1R2NHR1的胺(其中Z,R1和R2如上定义)反应,得到其中X是NR1CHR2或CR1R2NR1CHR2的式(Ⅰ)的本发明的化合物。当还原剂被省去并且R1是H时,上述过程将立即得到其中X是N=CR2或CR1R2N=CR2的式(Ⅰ)的本发明的化合物。
使用例如琼斯(Jones)试剂(硫酸中的三氧化铬),R2是H的式(ⅩⅩⅧ)的化合物可被氧化成式(ⅩⅩⅨ)的羧酸。在适当溶剂中,使用一种在文献中熟知的标准偶联剂,如二环己基碳化二亚胺或羰基二咪唑,式(ⅩⅩⅨ)的羧酸可直接转化成式(Ⅰ)的本发明的化合物,其中的X例如是O2C,CHR1OCO,SCO,CHR1SCO,NR4CO或CHR1NR4CO。
另外,用例如亚硫酰氯或草酰氯处理,式(ⅩⅩⅨ)的羧酸可转化成式(ⅩⅩⅩ)的酰氯。然后,在碱存在下,于适当的溶剂中,式(ⅩⅩⅩ)的酰氯可与式ZOH,ZCHR1OH,ZSH,ZCHR1SH,ZNR4H或ZCHR1NR4H的化合物反应,得到式(Ⅰ)的本发明的化合物,其中的X分别是O2C,CHR1OCO,SCO,CHR1SCO,NR4CO或CHR1NR4CO。
任意地在碱存在下,式(ⅩⅩⅧ)的化合物也可直接和式ZL的化合物反应,其中的Z是活性芳基(例如硝基苯基)或者杂芳基(例如2-吡啶基或2-嘧啶基),得到式(ⅩⅪ)的本发明的化合物。用强碱如氢化钠首先产生式(ⅩⅩⅧ)的化合物的氧阴离子可能是必要的。
另外,例如用卤化剂如亚硫酰氯或三溴化磷(其L是氯或溴),或者在酸接受体存在下用磺酰卤(如对甲苯磺酰氯)(其L是磺酰氧基)处理,式(ⅩⅩⅧ)的化合物可转化成式(ⅩⅩ)的化合物。然后可把式(ⅩⅩ)的化合物用于方案Ⅴ中。另外,当L是卤素时,它们能和式Z(R52P的膦反应(其中R5如上定义),转化成其中X是基团(R52P+CHR2Q-的式(Ⅰ)的本发明的化合物。然后,这些化合物可相继地和碱及式ZCOR1的羰基化合物(其中Z和R1如上定义)反应,得到式(ⅩⅩⅣ)的烯烃类。
方案Ⅷ说明在方案Ⅱ中所示的式(Ⅷ)的中间体的实例,其中W是能转化成ZX-的任何基团,Y是能转化成β-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯基团的任何基团。
用在方案Ⅱ中式(Ⅺ)和式(Ⅻ)的化合物的反应所详细描述的一般的乌尔门偶联条件,式(XXXI)的化合物可与式(XXXII)的化合物反应,得到式(ⅩⅩⅩⅢ)的化合物。在酸存在下(例如盐酸)和甲醇反应,式(ⅩⅩⅩⅢ)的酸可转化成式(ⅩⅩⅩⅣ)的甲酯。然后用方案Ⅰ中详细描述的方法,式(ⅩⅩⅩⅣ)的化合物可转化成式(ⅩⅩⅧ)的β-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯。
另外,使用方案Ⅶ中所述的将式(ⅩⅩⅧ)的丙烯酸酯转化成式(ⅩⅩⅢ),(ⅩⅩ),(ⅩⅩⅨ),(ⅩⅩⅩ)和(Ⅰ)的化合物的方法,式(ⅩⅩⅩⅣ)的中间体可转化成式(ⅩⅩⅩⅧ),(ⅩⅩⅩⅤ),(ⅩⅩⅩⅥ),(ⅩⅩⅩⅦ)和(Ⅲ)的中间体。如方案Ⅰ中所表明的,式(Ⅲ)的化合物可转化成式(Ⅰ)的化合物。
方案Ⅶ
方案Ⅷ
另一方面,本发明提供了如所述的制备式(Ⅰ)的化合物的方法,也提供了式(Ⅱ)-(Ⅶ),(ⅩⅢ)-(ⅩⅩⅩ)和(ⅩⅩⅩⅢ)-(ⅩⅩⅩⅧ)的中间体化学品。
这些化合物是活性的杀真菌剂,可以用于防治一种或多种下述病菌:
水稻的稻瘟病(Pyricularia    Oryzae)。
小麦的叶锈病(Puccinia    recondita)、条锈病(Puccinia    Striiformis)和其它锈病。大麦的大麦锈病(Puccinia    hordei)、条锈病(Puccinia    striiformis)及其他锈病及其它寄主,例如咖啡、梨、苹果、花生、蔬菜及观赏植物的锈病。
大麦和小麦的麦类白粉病(Erysiphe    graminis)(白粉病)及各种寄主上的其它白粉病,如蛇麻的啤酒花白粉病(Sphaerotheca    macularis)、瓜类(如黄瓜)的黄瓜白粉病(Sphaerotheca    fuliginea)、苹果的苹果白粉病(Podosphaera    leucotricha)和葡萄的葡萄白粉病(Uncinula    necator)。谷类的茄黑瘤病(Helminthosporium)、嘴孢霉属(Rhynchosporium)病菌、壳针孢属(Septoria)病菌、Pseudocercosporella    herpotrichoides和Gaeumannomyces    graminis。花生的花生褐斑病(Cercospora    arachidicola)和花生黑斑病(Cercosporidium    Personata)及其它寄主,例如糖用甜菜、香蕉、大豆、水稻的其它尾孢属(Cercospora)病菌。
蕃茄、草莓、蔬菜、葡萄和其它寄主上的蕃茄黑霉病(Botrytiscinerea)(灰霉病)。
蔬菜(例如黄瓜)、油菜、苹果、蕃茄和其它寄主上的交链孢霉病(Alternaria)病菌。
苹果的苹果黑星病(Venturia    inaequalis)(斑点病)。
葡萄的葡萄霜霉病(Plasmopara    viticola)。
其它的霜霉病,如莴苣霜霉病(Bremia    lactucae),大豆、烟草、洋葱和其它寄主上的霜霉病(peronospora)蛇麻的假霜霉(Pseudoperonospora    humuli),黄瓜的黄瓜霜霉(Pseudoperonospora    cubensis)马铃薯和蕃茄的马铃薯晚疫病(Phytophthora    infestans)及蔬菜、草莓、鳄梨、胡椒、观赏植物、烟草、可可和其它寄主的其它疫霉(Phytophthora)病菌,水稻的Thanatephorus    cucumeris和各种寄主如小麦、大麦、蔬菜、棉花和草皮上的其它丝核菌属(Rhizoctonia)病菌。
某些化合物在玻璃器皿内显出了广泛范围的抗真菌活性。它们也可能具有抗水果收获后各种病的活性〔例如柑橘的柑橘绿霉病(Penicillium    digitatum)、白边青霉(Penicillium    italicum)和绿色木霉(Tvichoderma    viride),香蕉的香蕉炭疽病(Gloesporium    musarum)和葡萄的葡萄灰霉病(Botrytis    cinerea)〕。
而且,某些化合物当用于浸种时,对于谷物的镰孢菌属(Fusarium)病菌、壳针孢属(Septoria)病菌、腥黑粉菌(Tilletia)病菌、(小麦腥黑穗病,一种种子传播的疾病)、黑粉菌属(Ustilago)病菌、黑腐病(Helminthosporium)病菌;棉花的棉苗立枯病(Rhizoctonia    solani)和水稻的稻瘟病(Pyricularia    oryzae)都有防治活性。
这些化合物可以在植物体内内吸性的运动,而且,这些化合物是可以挥发的,其汽相足以具有抗植物霉菌的活性。
因之,本发明提供了一种防活真菌的方法,其包括对植物、植物种子或植物或种子所在场所施用有效量的上述定义的化合物或者含有它们的组合物。
这些化合物也可用作工业的(相对于农业的)杀真菌剂,例如预防真菌腐蚀木材、兽皮、皮革及特别是漆膜。
这些化合物可直接用于杀菌目的,但最方便的是用载体或稀释剂配制成组合物。因之,本发明提供了一种包括如上述定义的通式(Ⅰ)的化合物和杀菌可接受的载体或稀释剂的杀菌组合物。
用作杀真菌剂,这些化合物能以许多方式使用。例如,它们能以配制的或未经配制的方式,直接用于植物的叶子、种子或生长着的植物或准备栽种植物的培养基。或者它们可被喷雾、撒粉或以乳状或糊状配方施用。或者它们可以蒸气或慢性释放的颗粒剂形式施用。可用于植物的任何部位,包括叶子、茎、枝或根部;或者用于根部周围的土壤,或播种前的种子;或一般的土壤、水田或水栽法耕作系统。本发明的化合物也可以注射入植物内或用电动喷雾技术或其它小容量的方法喷洒在植物上。
本文所用的“植物”这一术语包括秧苗、灌木和树木。而且本发明的杀菌方法包括防护、保护、预防和铲除性处置方法。
这些化合物最好以组合物的形式用于农业或园艺的目的。在任何时候所用的组合物的类型将决定于所面临的特殊目的。
这些组合物可以是包括活性组分(本发明的化合物)和固体稀释剂或载体的粉剂或者颗粒剂形式,稀释剂或载体例如填料,如高岭土、膨润土、硅藻土、白云石、碳酸钙、滑石、粉状氧化镁、漂白土、石膏、硅藻土(diatomaceous    earth)及瓷土。这些颗粒剂可做成适用于不需进一步处置的土壤的颗粒剂。用活性组分浸渍填料颗粒或者将活性组分和粉状填料的混合物压成颗粒的方式均可制备这类颗粒剂。浸种用的组合物可包含有一种介质(例如矿物油)以便使组合物粘着在种子上。另外,对于浸种目的,可使用有机溶剂(例如N-甲基吡咯烷酮、丙二醇或二甲基甲酰胺)配制活性组分。这些组合物也可以是水可分散的颗粒的可湿性粉剂的形式,它含有润湿剂或分散剂以便于在液体中分散。粉剂或颗粒剂也可含有填料及悬浮剂。
将活性组分溶解于有机溶剂中,任意调节润湿剂或乳化剂,然后将该混合物加到也可含有润湿剂或乳化剂的水中,可以制成乳油或者乳液。适用的有机溶剂是芳族溶剂,如烷基苯及烷基萘;酮类,如异佛尔酮、环己酮及甲基环己酮;氯代烃,如氯苯和三氯乙烷;醇类如苄醇、糠醇、丁醇及乙二醇醚类。
用与分散剂及防止固体沉降的悬浮剂一起球磨的方法可以制备含大量不溶固体的悬浮浓缩剂。
用于喷雾的组合物可以是气雾剂的形式,其中将制剂放于有挥发剂(例如一氟三氯甲烷或二氯二氟甲烷)的带压容器中。
本发明的化合物可以以干态和焰火混合物相混合,制成一种在周围空间中能产生含该化合物烟雾的适用的组合物。
另外,这些化合物可以微胶囊形式使用。它们也可配制成可生物降解的聚合物制剂,得到一种缓慢的能控制释放的活性物质。
加入适当的添加剂,例如为改进分散性、粘着力和在被处置表面上防雨水的添加剂,所得到的不同的组合物能更好地适用于各种应用。
本发明的化合物可作为肥料(例如含氮、钾或磷的肥料)的混合物使用。例如用该化合物涂敷,最好制备仅含有所加入的肥料颗粒的组合物,这种颗粒适于含直到25%(重量)的该化合物。因之,本发明也提供了一种含肥料和通式(Ⅰ)的化合物或其盐或其金属络合物的肥料组合物。
可润湿性粉剂,乳油和悬浮浓缩剂通常将含有表面活性剂,例如润湿剂、分散剂、乳化剂或悬浮剂,这些试剂可以是阳离子的、阴离子的或者非离子的试剂。
合适的阳离子试剂是季铵化合物,例如十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,合适的阴离子试剂是肥皂、硫酸的脂肪单酯盐(例如十二烷基硫酸钠)和磺化的芳香化合物的盐(例如十二烷基苯磺酸钠,木质素磺酸的钠、钙或铵盐,丁基萘磺酸盐及二异丙基和三异丙基萘磺酸钠的混合物)。
合适的非离子试剂是环氧乙烷和脂肪醇如油醇或十六烷醇,或者和烷基酚如辛基或壬基酚及辛基甲酚的缩合产物。其他非离子试剂是从长链脂肪酸和己糖醇酐得到的偏酯,上述的偏酯和环氧乙烷的缩合产物及卵磷脂。合适的悬浮剂是亲水性胶体(例如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮和羧甲基纤维素钠)及溶涨性粘土如膨润土或硅镁土。
用作水分散剂或乳液的组合物一般以含高比例活性组分的浓缩物形式供应,使用前将该浓缩物用水稀释。这些浓缩物最好能经受住长期贮存,并且贮存以后能用水稀释,以便形成在足够长时间内保持均匀的水制剂,以使其能用普通的喷雾设备使用。这些浓缩物通常可含直至95%,合适的是10~85%(例如25~60%)(重量)的活性组分。稀释后形成水制剂,根据欲达到之目的,合适的制剂可含不同数量的活性组分,但是可以采用含0.00055或0.01%到10%(重量)的活性组分的水制剂。
本发明的组合物可含具有生物活性的其它化合物,例如具有类似的或增加的抗菌活性的化合物或者使植物具有植物生长调节、除草、杀虫活性的化合物。
存在于本发明的组合物中的杀菌化合物可以是一种能防治谷类(例如小麦)穗病例如壳针霉属(Septoria)、赤霉属(Gibberella)和长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)病菌,种子和土壤传播的疾病,葡萄的霜霉病和白粉病及苹果的白粉病和斑点病等的化合物。由于含有其它杀菌剂,该组合物比单独通式(Ⅰ)的化合物具有更广的广谱活性。而且,其它杀菌剂同通式(Ⅰ)的化合物的杀菌活性有协同效应。可以加到本发明的组合物中的杀菌化合物的例子是:多菌灵、苯菌灵、甲基托布津、涕必灵、麦穗宁、土菌灵、抑菌灵、Cymoxanil、Oxadixyl、Ofurace、甲霜灵、呋霜灵、benalaxyl、fosetyl-AI、双氯苯嘧醇、二氯苯基甲乙基二氧咪唑烷酸酰胺、丙威硫、二甲菌核利、乙烯菌核利、penconazole、myclobutanil、丙酰胺、diniconazole、定菌磷、乙菌定、灭菌磷、环吗啉、嗪氨灵、氟苯嘧啶醇、triazbutyl双胍盐、1,1′-亚胺基二(八亚甲基)二胍的三乙酸盐、丁赛特、丙环唑、咪鲜安、flutriafol、hexaconazole、(2RS,5RS)-5-(2,4-二氯苯基)四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-2-呋喃-2,2,2-三氟乙醚、Cyproconazole、terbuconazole、pyrrolnitrin、1-〔(2RS,4RS;2RS,4RS)-4-溴-2-(2,4-二氯苯基)四氢呋喃基〕-1H-1,2,4-三唑、5-乙基-5,8-二氢-8-氧(1,3)-二氧(4,5-g)喹啉-7-羧酸、(RS)-1-氨丙基膦酸、3-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)喹唑啉-4(3H)-酮,flugilazole、三唑酮、三唑醇、苄氯三唑醇、丁苯吗啉、pyrifenox、fenpropidin、chlorozolinate、异霉唑、甲基苯基呋喃羧酰胺、萎锈灵、氧化萎锈灵、methfuroxam、吗菌灵、BAS    454、灭瘟素、春雷霉素、克瘟散、异稻瘟净、环己酰亚胺、苯酞、噻菌灵、富士1号、三环唑、4-氯-N-〔氰基(乙氧基)甲基〕苯甲酰胺、pyroquilon、氯苯甲噻唑、甲胂铁铵、多氧霉素D、有效霉素、灭锈胺、flutolanil、pencycuron、diclomezine、叶枯净、二甲基二硫氨基甲酸镍、techlofthalam、双苯三唑醇、乙嘧酚磺酸酯、乙环唑、羟基异噁唑、链霉素、Cyprofuram、双苯三唑醇、灭螨锰、二甲嘧酚、1-(2-氰基-2-甲氧亚胺乙酰基)-3-乙基脲、咪菌腈、tolclofos-methyl、pyroxyfur、代森联、代森锰、代森锰锌、敌菌丹、百菌清、敌菌灵、福美双、克菌丹、灭菌丹、代森锌、甲基代森锌、硫黄、敌螨普、二氯萘醌、地茂散、乐杀螨、间硝酞异丙酯、多果定、二噻农、毒菌锡、薯瘟锡、四氯硝基苯、五氯硝基苯、氯硝胺、含铜的化合物如铜的氯氧化物、硫酸酮和酸性枣红混合物及有机汞化合物。
通式(Ⅰ)的化合物可与土壤、泥炭或其它根围混合以保护植物防治种子传播的、土壤传播的或叶子的霉菌疾病。
加入到本发明的组合物中的合适的杀虫剂包括:抗蚜威、乐果、甲基-1059、安果、西维因、甲基乙基苯酚甲基氨基甲酸酯、XMC、BPMC、虫螨威、丁硫克百威、二嗪农、倍硫磷、杀螟松、稻丰散、毒死蜱、异噁唑磷、丙虫磷、久效磷、噻嗪酮、ethroproxyfen和cycloprothrin。
调节植物生长幕衔锸欠乐卧硬莼蛑纸崆蚧蜓≡裥缘胤乐尾惶枰闹参铮ɡ绮荩┥さ幕衔铩?
和本发明的化合物一起使用的合适的调节植物生长的化合物的例子是:赤霉素(例如GA3、GA4或GA7)、茁长素(例如吲哚乙酸、吲哚丁酸、萘氧基乙酸或萘乙酸)、细胞分裂素(例如动力精、二苯脲、苯并咪唑、苄基腺嘌呤或苄基氨基嘌呤)、苯氧基乙酸(例如2,4-D或MCPA)、取代苯甲酸(例如三碘代苯甲酸)、形态素(例如氯甲丹)、马来酰肼、草甘磷、草甘二磷、长链脂肪醇和酸、dikegulac、paclobutrazole、fluoridumid、mefluidide、取代的季铵和鏻化合物(例如chloromequat chlorphonium和mepiquatchloride)、乙烯利、长杀草、3,6-二氯茴香酸甲酯、丁酰肼、黄草灵、脱落酸、isopyrimol、1-(4-氯苯基)-4,6-二甲基-2-氧-1,2-二氢吡啶-3-羧酸、羟基苯甲基腈(例如溴苯腈)、difenzoquat、苯甲酰丙-乙基-3,6-二氯吡啶甲酸、fenpentezol、inabenfide、triapenthenol和四氢硝基苯。
下述实施例阐明了本发明。在全部实施例中,术语“醚”是指二乙醚,用硫酸镁来干燥溶液且溶液是在减压下浓缩。包括对空气或对水敏感的中间体的反应是在氮气气氛中进行的,并且合适时溶剂在使用前经干燥。除另有说明,色谱是以硅胶柱作固定相。如所表明的,红外及核磁共振数据是选择性的,不打算列出在所有情况中的每一个吸收峰,除另有说明外,1H核磁共振谱是使用CDCl3溶液记录的。全用以下缩写字:
THF:四氢呋喃
DMF:N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
n.m.r:核磁共振
IR:红外光谱
m.p:熔点
S:单峰
d:双峰
t:三峰
m:多重峰
br:宽峰
实施例1
本实施例描述了(E)-2-〔2-(3-苯氧基苯氧基-吡啶-3-基〕-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯的制备方法(表1中的No.446化合物)。
在DMF(60ml)中的碳酸钾(5.53g,0.04mol)和3-苯氧基苯酚(15g,0.08mol)的混合物在80℃下加热30分钟,并不断地加以搅拌。然后将2-氯-3-氰基吡啶(11.08g,0.08mol)和铜-青铜(0.8g)加入其中,并且将得到的混合物在迴流条件下加热90分钟。通过气相色谱分析结果显示出生成了单一的产品(96%)。反应的混合物被冷却和过滤后,倾入在水中(300ml),静置一周。用二氯甲烷萃取黄-褐色油状沉淀物,并干燥。然后过滤二氯甲烷溶液,蒸发后得到粗品2-(3-苯氧基苯氧基)-3-氰基-吡啶(36.2g,含有DMF)它可不用提纯直接用于下一步骤中。
粗的2-(3-苯氧基苯氧基)-3-氰基吡啶(15g)与阮内镍合金(15g,50∶50)在75%的甲酸(200ml)中不断地搅拌着回流2小时。用水稀释反应混合物,然后用醚反复地萃取。合并的醚的萃取液被干燥、过滤和蒸发,而得到桔黄色的油状物。过滤物通过硅筛(洗脱液己烷-乙醚,1∶1)得到2-(3-苯氧基苯氧基-3-甲酰基吡啶(3.03g),红外,最大1685cm-1
向在无水的THF(8ml)中的醛(3.03g,0.01mol)和甲基-甲基亚磺酰甲基硫化物(1.2g,0.01mol)的溶液中,搅拌并于室温下滴加氢氧化四烃铵B(2.5ml,40%的甲醇溶液中)。得到的溶液被加热回流一小时,冷却,然后用水稀释。用二氯甲烷进行萃取后,对萃取液干燥并蒸发得到黄色油状物,该油状物溶解在甲醇氯化氢(100ml)中,并放置过夜。蒸发出甲醇后,用饱和的碳酸氢钠溶液处理残余物并且用二氯甲烷萃取。将合并的有机萃取液进行干燥、过滤和蒸发。最后的残余物在硅胶色谱上进行层析(洗脱液己烷-乙醚1∶1),而得到浅黄色油状的2-(3-苯氧基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基醋酸甲酯(1.35g)。
1H NMR:δ:3.68(3H,S);3.74(2H,S);6.74-6.88(3H,m);6.96-7.12(4H,m);7.24-7.40(3H,m);
7.56-7.60(1H,m);8.06-8.12(1H,m)
红外:最大1735Cm-1
将在DMF(2ml)中的2-(3-苯氧基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基醋酸甲酯(0.64g,0.0019mol)和甲酸甲酯(2.34ml,0.038mol)的溶液,在15分钟内被滴加到在DMF(10ml)中的搅拌着的用石油醚洗过的氢化钠(0.18g    0.0038mol,50%分散在油中)的悬浮液中。在滴加时温度保持在10℃以下。反应混合物剧烈地沸腾而且变成黄色。使溶液的温度升到室温后并继续搅拌2小时。反应的混合物被倾入到水中(100ml)用稀盐酸中和后,用乙醚萃取(4×25ml),用水和盐水洗涤合并的乙醚层,而后,干燥和蒸发。把得到的黄色油状物(0.69g)溶解在DMF(10ml)中,然后与碳酸钾混合(0.53g)搅拌15分钟,再加入一份的硫酸二甲酯(0.17ml)并继续搅拌4小时。继而用水(100ml)稀释反应混合物,用醚(4×25ml)进行萃取,合并的萃取液用水和盐水洗涤后,干燥、过滤和蒸发,得到黄色油状物。经硅胶色谱(洗脱液40-60汽油-醚,1∶1)得到一固体,该固体从乙醇-汽油中结晶出来,即得到了结晶型固体(0.32g,45%)形式的标题化合物。
熔点:79-81℃;
1H NMR δ:3.64(3H,S);3.84(3H,S);6.72-6.84(3H,m);7.00-7.12(4H,m);7.24-7.34(3H,m);7.52-7.60(2H,m);7.56(1H,S);8.08-8.14(1H,m)。
红外.最大 1710,1640Cm-1
实施例2
本实施例描述了(E)-2-〔2-(3-苄氧基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基〕-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯(表Ⅰ中的No.23化合物)的制备。
3-甲氧基苯酚(124g)和无水的碳酸钾(69g)一起混合于无水的DMF(500ml)中,在80℃下,和氮气氛中,不断地搅拌着被加热。45分钟后,冷却得到的浅灰色溶液并且将2-氯烟酰腈(138.5g)和铜-青铜(10g)加入其中(用100ml    DMF洗过)。将得到褐色的反应混合物加热到125-130℃。在二个半小时后,冷却反应混合物并且过滤用以除去过量的铜-青铜和未溶解的固体。将得到的溶液加入到水中(3l)并放置过夜。过滤得到的沉淀,继而用水洗,然后溶解在醚中,将醚溶液进行干燥,过滤和蒸发后得到2-(3-甲氧基苯氧基)-3-氰基吡啶,它是一种近于白色的固体(203.5g,90%)。
熔点:66-68℃。
红外最大:2232Cm-1
在氮气氛下,在30分钟内,-70℃下向搅拌着的2-(3-甲氧基苯氧基)-3-氰基吡啶(5g)的无水THF(25ml)溶液中滴加二异丁基氢化铝(27.6ml    1.0M的甲苯溶液)。该混合液在-70℃下,继续搅拌30分钟,然后温热升到室温。在4小时后,用气相色谱分析指示出30%进行了反应。将反应混合液再冷却到-70℃,并象以前操作一样,用第二批的二异丁基氢化铝(27.6ml)进行处理。在一小时后,在室温下剩余原料反应完毕(气相色谱分析)。向其中小心地加入稀盐酸(50ml)(放热!)。将得到的液体进一步搅拌30分钟,然后用醚进行分离。用乙醚进一步萃取(X2)水层,对合并的醚层进行干燥,过滤和蒸发而得到黄色油状物。经硅胶色谱(洗脱液二氯甲烷)得到2-(3-甲氧基苯氧基)-3-甲酰基吡啶(1.7g,33%),它是一种白色结晶。
熔点:76-78℃。
红外最大:1694Cm-1;
1H NMR δ:3.83(3H,S);6.75-6.84(3H);7.11-7.15(1H);7.33-7.38(1H);8.24-8.26(1H);8.35-8.38(1H)PPm。
在大规模的另一试验中,把2-(3-甲氧基苯氧基)-3-氰基吡啶(45g)转换成(三批)2-(3-甲氧基苯氧基)-3-甲酰基吡啶(34g,75%)。
在室温下,氮气氛中向搅拌着的2-(3-甲氧基苯氧基)-3-甲酰基吡啶(8.07g)和甲基-甲基亚磺酰甲基硫化物(6.78ml)在无水THF(20ml)的溶液中滴加氢氧化四烃铵B(14ml,40%甲醇溶液)。在加热回流一个半小时后,气相色谱分析表面原料耗尽。冷却反应混合液到室温,并向其中加入二氯甲烷(450ml)。对得到的溶液进行干燥,用水萃取(3×100ml)。然后,对有机层进行干燥,过滤和蒸发而得到桔色油状物(22.88g),它不用提纯,即可用在下一个步骤中。将桔色油状物溶解在甲醇氯化氢中〔从(300ml)甲醇和(35ml)乙酰氯得到的〕,搅拌4小时后,在室温下静置。两天后,除去溶剂,剩余物用饱和的碳酸氢钠溶液进行中和。再用醋酸乙酯萃取所得到的产物,然后对萃取溶进行干燥、过滤和蒸发后,得到粗的2-(3-甲氧基苯氧基)-3-吡啶基醋酸甲酯(15.88g,GC分析纯度90%)。
红外最大:1740Cm-1;
1H NMR(CDCl3)内区δ:3.71(3H,S);3.76(2H);3.95(3H)。
在另一试验中,把2-(3-甲氧基苯氧基)-3-甲酰基吡啶(33.03g)转化成2-(3-甲氧基苯氧基)-3-吡啶基醋酸甲酯(28g,总产率71%)。
2-(3-甲氧基苯氧基)-3-吡啶基醋酸甲酯(27.2g)在含有十六烷基三丁基溴化鏻(5.6g)的47%的氢溴酸(249ml)中,在115℃下被加热。在三小时后,冷却该溶液并加入碳酸钾,直至使溶液的PH值大约为6。用醋酸乙酯萃取反应混合液(×5)。将有机相萃取液进行干燥、过滤和蒸发后,得到浅黄色固体。然后用甲醇氯化氢〔来自甲醇(500ml)和乙酰氯(50ml)〕进行处理并过夜。除去甲醇后,将残物溶解在水中。用碳酸氢钠调节溶液的PH值到约为6后,用醋酸乙醋萃取该溶液(×3)。将合并的萃取液进行干燥、过滤和蒸发。将得到的桔黄色固体残物再次溶解在二氯甲烷中,并使之通过硅筛进行过滤(洗脱液为乙醚、二氯甲烷)。蒸发后得到2-(3-羟基苯氧基)-3-吡啶基醋酸甲酯,它是浅黄色的固体(13.28g,51%),不再进一步提纯,即可使用。
在氮气氛70℃下,将2-(3-羟基苯氧基)-3-吡啶基醋酸甲酯(0.8g)和无水的碳酸钾(0.21g)在DMF中不断地搅拌。在20分钟后,把苄基溴(1.06g)与铜-青铜(催化剂)一起加入上述溶液中,并将反应混合液加热到100℃保持3小时。气相色谱分析表明50%进行了反应。加入第二个当量的碳酸钾和苄基溴,并在100℃下继续加热2小时。将反应混合液冷却到室温,过滤,用水稀释和用醚萃取(×3)。合并醚的萃取液后,干燥、过滤和蒸发得到褐色油状物。经硅胶色谱(洗脱液为石油醚-乙醚,50∶50)得到2-(3-苄氧基苯氧基)-3-吡啶基-醋酸甲酯,它是浅黄色固体(0.5g,46%)。
红外最大、1735Cm-1;
1H NMR(CDCl3)内区δ:3.70(3H,S);3.76(2H,S);5.04(2H,S)。
在另一试验中,进而得到0.3g的产物。两次的样品合在一起用于下一个步骤。
将含有甲酸甲酯(2.84ml)和2-(3-苄氧基苯氧基)-3-吡啶基醋酸甲酯(0.8g)的DMF(2ml)溶液滴加到搅拌着的氢化钠(0.22g,50%分散在油中,予先用石油醚洗过)的DMF(10ml)的悬浮液中(起泡沫)。在滴加过程中温度保持在10℃以下,然后升至室温。在进一步搅拌4小时后,将反应混合液静置一周。反应混合液被倾入水中,并用稀盐酸适当地进行酸化,然后用乙醚进行萃取(×3)。合并醚萃取液进行干燥、过滤和蒸发而得到黄色油状物(0.86g)。把该油状物溶解在DMF(10ml)中,在室温下用碳酸钾(0.64g)和硫酸二甲酯(0.21ml)进行处理。在搅拌四小时后用气相色谱分析,显示出反应已完成。把水(100ml)加在该溶液中后,用乙醚(3×25ml)萃取得到的溶液。合并的醚萃取液相继用水和盐水洗,并干燥。过滤和蒸发后得到黄-褐色油状物。经硅胶色谱(洗脱液为石油醚-乙醚,50∶50)得到标题化合物,它是一种白色的固体(0.2g,22%)。
熔点:119-122℃,质谱m/e391(M+)。
红外最大:1705,1640Cm-1
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ:3.68(3H,S);3.84(3H,S);5.03(2H,S);6.66-6.80(3H,m);6.96-7.04(1H,m);7.20-7.42(6H,m);7.58(1H,S);7.60-7.62(1H,m);8.08-8.12(1H,m)。
实施例3
本实施例描述了(E)-2-〔2-(3-(3-硝基苯磺酰氧基)苯氧基)吡啶-3-基〕-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯的制备(表1中的No.296化合物)。
将含有2-(3-羟基苯氧基-3-吡啶基醋酸甲酯(1g,按实施例2描述的方法制备)和甲酸甲酯(4.68ml)的DMF(5Ml)溶液滴加到搅拌着的氢化钠(0.55g,50%分散在油中,予先用石油醚洗过)在DMF(10ml)的悬浮液中。在反应完成时,将该反应混合液按前述的方法操作,得到粗的2-〔2-(3-(3-羟基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基〕-3-羟基丙烯酸甲酯。按照实施例2描述的条件,用在DMF(10ml)中的碳酸钾(0.31g)和硫酸二甲酯(0.27g)对产物进行规定的处理后,得到油状物。经硅胶色谱(洗脱液石油醚-乙醚,50∶50)得到(E)-2-〔2-(3-羟基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基〕-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯,它是白色的固体(0.35g,31%)。
熔点:163-165℃;质谱m/e 301(M+)。
红外最大、1665,1633Cm-1;
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ3.68(3H,S);3.86(3H,S);6.48(1H);6.54-6.6(3H);7.00-7.06(1H);7.12-7.20(1H);7.58(1H,S);7.60-7.64(1H);8.08-8.12(1H)ppm。
在室温下,(E)-2-〔2-(3-羟基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基〕-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯(0.1g,按上述方法制备),在搅拌下与3-硝基苯磺酰基氯化物(0.074g)和三乙基胺(0.074ml)在无水二氯甲烷(3ml)中混合。在一小时后,将反应混合液直接放置于硅胶柱中。用石油醚-乙醚(50∶50)洗脱,得到标题化合物,它是一种白色发泡固体(0.101g,63%)。
熔点:49-51℃;质谱 m/e 486(M+)。
红外最大 1710,1638Cm-1;
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ:3.66(3H,S);3.85(3H,S);6.77-6.83(2H);7.00-7.09(2H);7.29-7.31(1H);7.57(1H,S);7.60-7.62(1H);7.71-7.78(1H);8.03-8.08(1H)ppm。
实施例4
本实施例是描述了(E)-2-〔2-(3-(4-硝基苯氧基)苯氧基)吡啶-3-基〕-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯的制备(表1中的No.133化合物)。
(E)-2-〔2-(3-羟基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基〕-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯(0.3g,按实施例3描述的方法制备)和碳酸钾(0.069g)一起在DMF(5ml)中,70℃条件下被加热。在20分钟后,向其中加入4-氟硝基苯(0.141g)和铜-青铜(催化剂),然后在130℃下,将得到的混合物加热2小时。气相色谱分析表明原料已耗尽。过滤反应混合物,而后将其倾入到水中(70ml)。用醚萃取该混合物(×3)。合并的萃取液进行干燥、过滤和蒸发得到桔黄色油状物。经硅胶色谱得到标题化合物,它是一种白色晶型固体(0.266g,64%)。
熔点:102-103℃;质谱m/e 422(M+)。
红外最大.1700,1626Cm-1;
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ:3.64(3H,S);3.85(3H,S);6.80-6.88(2H);6.94-7.10(4H);7.36-7.42(1H);7.59(1H,S);7.60-7.64(1H);8.10-8.12(1H);8.16-8.22(2H)。
实施例5
本实施例描述了(E)-2-〔2-(3-(嘧啶-2-氧基)苯氧基)吡啶-3-基〕-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯的制备(表Ⅱ)的No.22化合物)。
在氮气氛下,(E)-2-〔2-(3-羟基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基〕-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯(0.67g,按实施例3描述的方法制备)与碳酸钾(0.154g)在DMF中(10ml),在80℃下被加热。在20分钟以后,向其中加入2-氯嘧啶(0.253g)和铜-青铜(催化剂),并将该混合物在130℃下加热二个半小时,同时不断加以搅拌。气相色谱分析表明反应已完成。反应混合物被冷却、过滤,然后倾入水中。然后用乙醚(×3)萃取水相,合并的醚层经过干燥、过滤和蒸发后得到浅黄色固体。经硅胶色谱(洗脱液乙醚-醋酸乙酯,2∶1)得到标题化合物,它是白色固体(0.308g,37%)。
熔点:151-153℃;质谱m/e 379(M+
红外最大 1695,1635Cm-1;
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 3.68(3H,S);3.85(3H,S)6.94-7.06(5H);7.38-7.43(1H);7.57(1H,S);7.62-7.66(1H);8.11-8.15(1H);8.53-8.57(2H)ppm。
实施例6
本实施例描述了(E)-2-〔2-(3-苯氧基甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基〕-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯的制备(表1No.21化合物)。
将2-氯-3-甲酰基吡啶(10.0g),3-羟基苄基醇(8.76g),无水的碳酸钾(4.88g)在DMF(70ml)中的混合物加热到回流。在3小时后,气相色谱分析表明所有的醛已经耗尽。将反应混合物冷却,过滤,然后倾入到水中。用醚萃取得到的混合物(×3),合并的醚层用稀的氢氧化钠溶液洗一次。然后,将醚溶液进行干燥、过滤和蒸发而得到浅黄色的油状物,它在静置时呈结晶状态(9.13g)。在室温下,氮气氛中,将氢氧化四烃铵(8ml,40%甲醇液)滴加到产物(6.24g)和甲基-甲基亚磺酰甲基硫化物(3.38g)在THF的溶液中。在回流条件下加热四小时,冷却反应混合液到室温,然后向其中加入二氯甲烷(300ml)。用水萃取得到的液体(×3)。二氯甲烷层被干燥,过滤和蒸发而得到暗黄色油状物(8.5g),它可直接用于下一个步骤。
将暗黄色油状物(8.5g,粗品)溶解在甲醇的氯化氢中(从甲醇(150ml)和乙酰氯(15ml)得到),搅拌3小时,然后放置一周。通过蒸发除去甲醇,然后加入饱和的碳酸氢钠水溶液。用醋酸乙酯萃取混合液(×3),合并的有机层被干燥、过滤和蒸发后得到黄色油状物。通过硅筛过滤油状物(洗脱液:二氯甲烷,然后用醚)。
蒸发出溶剂后得到2-(3-羟基甲基苯氧基)-3-吡啶基醋酸甲酯,它是浅黄色油状物(4.04g,GC纯度88%)。
红外最大,3400,1737Cm-1
该产物不用进一步提纯就可用在下一步骤中。
将2-(3-羟基苯氧基)-3-吡啶基醋酸甲酯(0.6g)和三乙基胺(0.45ml)在二氯甲烷(2ml)的溶液,在20分钟内,约5℃下,滴加到搅拌着的甲磺酰氯(0.26ml)在二氯甲烷的溶液中(6ml)。在5℃下,将混合物搅拌30分钟后,升温到室温,然后放置一周。取出一部分进行气相色谱分析,表明反应已完成。该反应混合液与盐水混合搅拌30分钟,然后将有机层进行干燥,过滤和蒸发,而得到2-(3-氯甲基苯氧基)-3-吡啶基醋酸甲酯,它是浅黄色油状物(0.55g),可以直接使用。
红外最大,1738Cm-1;质谱m/e 291(M+
1H NMR(CDCl3):内区δ:3.69(3H,S);3.77(2H,S);4.60(2H,S)。
在氮气氛、室温下,把苯酚(0.16g)和碳酸钾(0.12g)一起搅拌混合在DMF(6ml)中。在20分钟后,向其中加入2-(3-氯甲基苯氧基)-3-吡啶基醋酸甲酯(0.5g)在DMF中的溶液,并继续加以搅拌。向其中加入铜-青铜(催化剂),在100℃下加热反应混合物5小时。气相色谱分析表明反应完全。冷却和过滤反应混合液,然后倾入在水中(50ml)用乙醚萃取水溶液混合物(×3),合并的萃取液用稀的氢氧化钠溶液洗涤。然后对醚溶液进行干燥、过滤和蒸发而得到2-(3-苯氧基甲基苯氧基)-3-吡啶基醋酸甲酯,它是黄色油状物(0.35g,59%),质谱m/e 349(M+);1H NMR(CDCl3)内区δ:3.69(3H,S);3.76(2H,S);5.07(2H,S)ppm,含有微量的DMF。在另一试验中,由氯甲基化合物(2.73g,按上述方法制备)进一步可得到2.00g的2-(3-苯氧基甲基苯氧基)-3-吡啶基醋酸甲酯。
在与实施例1中的最后步骤相同的条件下,将2-(3-苯氧基甲基苯氧基)-3-吡啶基醋酸甲酯(2.35g)和甲酸甲酯(6.2ml)在DMF中的溶液添加到氢化钠(0.6g,50%分散在油中,予先用石油醚洗过)在DMF(25ml)的悬浮液中。经过标准的操作得到了2-〔2-(3-苯氧基甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基〕-3-羟基丙烷,它直接用碳酸钾(1.85g)和硫酸二甲酯(0.63ml)在DMF(17ml)的溶液处理。经过标准操作和硅胶色谱(洗脱液∶石油醚-醚,50∶50)后,产生出标题化合物,它是白色胶体(0.53g,1638Cm-1;1H NMR如表Ⅴ。
实施例7
本实施例描述了(E)-2-〔2-(3-甲氧基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基〕-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯的制备(表1中的No.128化合物)。
将2-氯吡啶-3-基醋酸甲酯(2g,11mmol)和甲酸甲酯(12.95g,0.22mol)在DMF(8ml)中的溶液添加到冰冷并不断搅拌的用石油醚洗过的氢化钠(1.04g),50%分散在油中,22mmol)在DMF(16ml)的悬浮液中。将反应液升至室温并继续搅拌直至薄层色谱(TLC)分析结果表明无有原料存在为止(约3小时)。反应混合液倾入水中,然后用稀盐酸进行酸化。继而用乙醚反复地萃取该溶液。对合并的萃取液进行干燥,过滤和蒸发。得到的残余物再一次溶解在DMF中,然后用硫酸二甲酯(1.32g,10.5mmol)和无水碳酸钾(1.52g,11mmol)在室温下进行处理。
反应混合液被搅拌2小时,用水稀释,然后反复地用乙醚萃取。对合并的醚萃取液进行干燥、过滤和蒸发,得到了黄色油状物。经硅胶色谱(洗脱液∶汽油-醚50∶50)得到(E)-2-(2-氯吡啶-3-基)-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯,它是白色蜡状固体(0.9g,36%)。
熔点:39-40℃
红外最大,1711,1638Cm-1
1H NMR δ:3.74(3H,S),3.89(3H,S),7.21-7.26(1H),7.55-7.57(1H),7.60(1H,S),8.32-8.36(1H)。
在氮气氛下,(E)-2-(2-氯吡啶-3-基)-3-甲氧基-丙烯酸甲酯(0.227g),3-(2-甲氧基苯氧基)苯酚(0.255g),无水的碳酸钾(0.069g),铜-青铜(催化剂)和氯化亚铜(催化剂)一起在约170℃下被加热3小时。冷却反应混合物,然后用少量的二氯甲烷进行稀释。得到的混合物直接放置在硅胶柱中,并进行色谱层析(洗脱液∶石油醚-醚,1∶1)最后得到标题化合物,它是浅褐色油状物(0.023g,6%),质谱m/e 407(M+1H NMR(CDCl3)如表Ⅴ。
实施例8
本实施例描述了(E)-2-〔2-(3-(2-羟基苄基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基〕-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯的制备(表Ⅰ中的No.380化合物)。
在0-5℃下,5分钟内,将含有2-(3-羟基甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基醋酸甲酯(2.0g)和甲酸甲酯(9ml)的DMF的溶液滴加到搅拌着的氢化钠(1.056g,50%分散在油中,予先用石油醚洗过)在无水DMF(15ml)的悬浮液中(泡腾)。在滴加完成后,将反应混合物升至室温,进一步搅拌3小时后,小心地将反应混合物倾入水中并用2N的盐酸中和,然后用乙醚充分地萃取(×6)。合并醚层进行干燥、过滤和蒸发而得到粗品的残余物,它不必进一步提纯就可使用。将该残余物溶解在DMF(10ml)中后,用碳酸钾(0.60g)和硫酸二甲酯(0.64g)进行处理,经过标准操作和硅胶色谱后(洗脱液∶石油醚-乙醚1∶1)得到(E)-2-〔2-(3-羟基甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基〕-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯(0.35g,15%)质谱m/e315(M+
红外:最大:3396(br.)1708;1638Cm-1
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.63(br.O-H);3.69(3H,S);3.85(3H,S);4.69(2H,S);6.98-7.05(2H,m),7.09-7.17(2H,m);7.31-7.37(1H,m);7.57(1H,S);7.61-7.63(1H,m)8.07-8.11(1H,m)ppm。
(用实例6描述的关于2-(3-氯甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基醋酸甲酯的制备方法,这个化合物也可以用甲磺酰氯和三乙基胺处理,转变为(E)-2-〔2-(3-氯甲氧基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基〕-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯)。
在室温下,将重铬酸吡啶鎓(0.414g)添加到搅拌着的(E)-2-〔2-(3-羟基甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基〕-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯(0.250g)在二氯甲烷(5ml)的溶液中,搅拌3小时后,取出一部分进行气相色谱分析表髟弦押木。耸奔尤胨⒓绦涟?0分钟,过滤反应混合物(滤纸用水(5ml)洗过,再用二氯甲烷(5ml)洗),然后进一步用二氯甲烷稀释(5ml)。分离出有机层,进一步用二氯甲烷萃取水相(×3)。合并的有机层进行干燥,过滤和蒸发而得到暗黄色油状物。经硅胶色谱(洗脱液∶乙醚-石油醚7∶3)得到(E)-2-〔2-(3-甲酰基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基〕-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯(0.136g,55%),是白色的固体。
熔点:84-86℃
红外,最大:1705,1698,1633Cm-1
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ:3.64(3H,S);3,85(3H,S);7.04-7.08(1H,m);7.36-7.40(1H,m)7.59(1H,S);7.50-7.70(4H,m);8.09-8.11(1H,m);10.00(1H,S)
在氮气氛下及-5--10℃条件下,15分钟内将苯基溴化镁(1当量,在2ml乙醚中)滴加到搅拌着的(E)-2-〔2-(3-甲酰基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基〕-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯(0.115g)的乙醚(3ml,含少量的THF)溶液中,在20分钟后,取出一部分进行气相色谱分析表明原料还存在(34%)。进而向其中加入0.2当量的苯基溴化镁继续搅拌10分钟,取出一部分进行气相色谱分析表明原料已耗尽。把反应混合物倾入冰中,并且加入几滴15%的硫酸。分离出醚层,用乙醚萃取水溶液残物(×2),合并有机萃取液,使之进行干燥,过滤和蒸发而得到黄色油状物,经硅胶色谱(洗脱液∶乙醚-石油醚6∶4)得到标题的化合物作为主要的产品(白色油状物0.059g,40%);质谱m/e391(M+
红外,最大:3420,1707,1637Cm-1
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.35(1H,br.S);3.63(3H,S)3.81(3H,S);5.83(1H,S);6.96-7.40(10H,m)7.55(1H,S);7.58-7.62(1H,m);8.06-8.09(1H,m)ppm。
以下是适用于农业和园艺方面的组合物实施例,它可以由本发明的化合物来配制,这种组合物是本发明的另一个方面,其百分比依重量计。
实施例9
通过混合和搅拌以下组份直到它们都溶解来制备乳油
化合物:表1的No    446    10%
苄基醇    30%
十二烷基苯磺酸钙    5%
壬基苯酚乙氧基化物(13mole烷氧乙烷)    10%
烷基苯    45%
实施例10
将活性组份溶解在二氯甲烷中,并把该溶液喷洒在硅镁粘土的颗粒上,然后蒸发出溶剂即可得到颗粒状的组合物。
化合物:表1的No446    5%
硅镁粘土颗粒    95%
实施例11
通过研磨和混合以下三种组份来制备适用于浸种的组合物。
化合物:表1的No446    50%
矿物油    2%
瓷土    48%
实施例12
通过活性组份与滑石一起研磨和混合来制备粉剂。
化合物:表1的No446    5%
滑石    95%
实施例13
通过球磨研磨以下组份使之形成带水的研磨混合物的水悬浮物来制备悬浮浓缩液。
化合物:表1的No446    40%
木质素磺酸钠    10%
膨润粘土    1%
水    49%
此制剂用水稀释后可作为喷洒剂或直接施用于种子。
实施例14
通过通过混合和研磨以下组份直到它们充分地混合来制备可湿性粉剂。
化合物:表1的No446    25%
十二烷基硫酸钠    2%
木质素磺酸钠    5%
二氧化硅    25%
瓷土    43%
实施例15
用本化合物对植物的各种叶片霉菌疾病进行试验,按如下完成其技术过程。
在直径为4Cm的小盆中装有John    Innes混合肥料(John    Innes    pottig    Compost)(No1或2),使植物生长在其中,试验化合物可以通过与水溶性的分散剂T(Dispesol    T)进行球磨来配制,也可以用丙酮或丙酮/乙醇配制成溶液,使用前稀释到规定浓度。对于叶片病,制备液(100ppm的活性组份)是喷雾在叶片上和施用在土壤中植物的根部上,喷雾保持在最大量并使得根部的最终浸透浓度有效成份(a.i)约等于40ppm/干土壤。当对毂物进行喷雾时,添加吐温20(Tween    20),其最终浓度为0.05%。
对大多数试验,是在给植物接种疾病前一或两天将本化合物施用于土壤(根部)和叶片上(喷雾)。例外的是,当试验用白粉菌属(Erysiphe    qraminis)时,在处置之前24小时给植物接种。叶病原体以孢子悬浮液喷雾在试验植物叶子上。在接种之后,将植物置于适当的环境进行感染,然后培育至直到评估该病为止。根据疾病和环境的情况,接种和评估之间的时间可以为4-14天。
通过以下的等级来记录疾病的防治情况:
4=没有疾病
3=痕量至5%,对于未被处置的植物的疾病
2=6-25%,对于未被处置的植物的疾病
1=26-59%,对于未被处置的植物的疾病
0=60-100%,对于未被处置的植物的疾病
其结果表示在表Ⅵ中:

Claims (9)

1、一种用式(1)表示的杀真菌化合物和它的立体异构体:
Figure 881084336_IMG2
其中K是氧或者硫;Z是任意取代的芳基或者任意取代的杂芳基;X是0,
S(O)n,NR4,CR1R2,CHR5,CO,CR1(OR2),C=CR1R2
CHR1CHR2,CR1=CR2,CHR1CR2=CH,C=C,OCHR1
CHR1O,OCHR1O,S(O)nCHR1,S(O)nCHR1O,CHR1S(O)n
CHR1OSO2,NR4CHR1,CHR1NR4,CO2,O2C,SO2O,
OSO2,CO.CO,COCHR1,COCHR1O,CHR1CO,CHOH.CHR1
CHR1.CHOH,
Figure 881084336_IMG3
CONR4,OCONR4,NR4CO,CSNR4,OCS.NR4,SCO.NR4
NR4CO2,NR4CS,NR4CSO,NR4COS,NR4CONR4
S(O)nNR4,NR4S(O)n,CS2,S2C,CO.S,SCO,N=N,
N=CR1,CR1=N,CHR1CHR2CH(OH),CHR1OCO,CHR1SCO,
CHR1NR4CO,CHR1NR4COR4,CHR1CHR2CO,O.N=CR1
CHR 1 O.N=CR 2 ,COOCR 1 R 2 ,CHR 1 CHR 2 CHR 3 ,OCHR 1 CHR 2 ,
(CH2)mO,CHR1OCHR2,CHR1CHR2O,OCHR1CHR2O,
S(O)nCHR1CHR2,CHR1S(O)nCHR2,CHR1CHR2S(O)n
CR1=NNR4,NR4N=CR1,CHR1CONR2,CHR1OCO.NR2
CH=CHCH2O,COCHR1CHR2O,或(R5)2P+CHR2Q-;A,B和E可以相同或不同,是H,卤素,羟基,C1-4烷基,C1-4烷氧基,C1-4卤代烷基,C1-4卤代烷氧基,C1-4烷基羰基,C1-4烷氧羰基,苯氧基,硝基或者氰基;R1,R2和R3可以相同或者不同,是H,C1-4烷基或苯基;R4是H,C1-4烷基或COR1;R5是任意取代的苯基;Q-是卤化物阴离子;n是0。1或2及m是3,4或5。
2、按照权利要求1的化合物,其中X是0,CH2O或SO2O。
3、按照权利要求1或2的化合物,其中Z是任意取代的苯基,任意取代的吡啶基或任意取代的嘧啶基。
4、制备权利要求1的化合物的方法,其中包括:
(a)使式(11)的化合物
Figure 881084336_IMG4
与式CH3L的化合物一起进行处理;或者
(b)在酸性或碱性条件下,从式(IV)的化合物
消除甲醇;或者
(c)使式(VI)的酮酯:
Figure 881084336_IMG6
与甲氧基亚甲基化试剂一起进行处理;或者
(d)在碱存在下,式(IX)的化合物
Figure 881084336_IMG7
与式(X)的化合物
Figure 881084336_IMG8
一起进行反应;或者
(e)在碱存在下,式(XI)的化合物:
Figure 881084336_IMG9
与式(XII)的化合物:
Figure 881084336_IMG10
进行反应,其中A,B,E,K,Z和X与权利要求1中表示的意义相同。R6是金属原子,L是离去基团,W是ZX或者是其后通过标准步骤转化成ZX的基团,Y是基团CH3O·CH=C-(CO2CH3)或者是其后通过标准步骤可以转化成这种基团的基团。
5、制备权利要求1化合物的方法,其中包括在碱存在下,通式(XIIa)的化合物
(式中Y′是卤素或其他较好的离去基团)与通式(XIa)的酚或硫酚:
(式中A,B,K,X和Z与权利要求1中表示的意义相同)进行反应;或者是与酚或硫酚(XIa)的盐进行反应,优选在催化剂存在下进行反应,该催化剂中含有适当的过渡金属,过渡金属盐或化合物或其混合物。
6、制备权利要求1化合物的方法,其中包括:
(a)在碱存在下,式(XIII)的化合物:
(i)当X是O时,与化合物ZL反应,或者
(ii)当X是SO2O时,与化合物ZSO2Q进行反应;或者
(iii)当X是CHR′O时,与化合物ZCHR′L反应,或者
(b)在碱存在下,式(XVII)的化合物
Figure 881084336_IMG14
(i)当X是S时,与化合物ZL反应;或者
(ii)当X是CHR′O时,与化合物ZCHR′L反应;或者
(C)在碱存在下,式(XX)的化合物
Figure 881084336_IMG15
(i)当X是OCHR2时,与化合物ZOH反应;或者
(ii)当X是(R52P+CHR2Q-和L是卤化物时,与式Z(R52P的膦化物进行反应;或者
(d)当X是CR1=CR2时,在碱存在下,式(XXII)的化合物
与式ZR1C=O的醛或酮进行反应;或者
(e)当X是CR1=CR2
(i)使式(XXIII)的化合物
Figure 881084336_IMG17
与式ZR1C-P(O)(OR)2M+的膦酸酯的阴离子或相应的正膦化合物进行反应,或者
(ii)式(I)的化合物,其中X是(R52P+CHR2Q-,相继地与碱和式ZCOR1的羰基化合物进行反应;或者
(f)当X是CHR1CHR2时,还原(e)的产物;或者
(g)当X是CONR4时,使式(XXVI)的化合物
Figure 881084336_IMG18
(i)在碱存在下,与式ZCOQ的酰卤进行反应;或者
(ii)在脱水剂存在下,与式ZCO2H的酸进行反应;或者
(h)式(XXIII)的醛或酮
(i)其中X是ON=CR2,CHR1ON=CR2或NR1N=CR2,分别地与式ZONH2或ZCHR1ONH2的羟基胺进行反应或者与式ZNR1NH2的肼进行反应;或者
(ii)其中X是CR2(OH)或CR1R2CR2(OH),分别地与式ZMgHal或者ZCR1R2MgHal的格利雅试剂进行反应;或者
(iii)其中X是NR1CHR2或CR1R2NR1CHR2,分别地与式ZNHR1或ZCR1R2NHR1的胺在还原剂存在下蟹从?或者
(iv)其中X是N=CR2或CR1R2N=CR2,在无还原剂下,分别地与式ZNH2或ZCR1R2NH2的胺进行反应;或者
(k)其中的X是O2C,CHR1OCO,SCO,CHR1SCO,NR4CO或CHR1NR4CO
(i)式(XXIX)的羧酸:
Figure 881084336_IMG20
在适当的溶剂中,在标准的偶联剂如二环己基碳化二亚胺或羰基二咪唑的存在下,与相应的醇,硫醇或胺一起反应;或者
(ii)式(XXX)的酰氯
Figure 881084336_IMG21
在碱存在下,在适当溶剂中分别地与式ZOH,ZCHR1OH,ZSH,ZCHR1SH,ZNR4H或ZCHR1NR4H的化合物进行反应,或者
(l)其中X是OCHR2时,式(XXVIII)的化合物
Figure 881084336_IMG22
与式ZL的化合物进行反应;其中A、B、E、K、R1、R2、R4、R5和Z的含意和权利要求1一样,L是离去基团,Q和Hal是卤素,R是烷基,M+是金属离子。
7、按照本文所定义的式(II)-(VII),(XIII)-(XXX)和(XXXIII)-(XXXVIII)的中间体化合物。
8、一种杀真菌组合物,包括有效量的权利要求1的杀真菌化合物和其杀真菌上可接受的载体或稀释剂。
9、一种防治真菌的方法,其中包括把权利要求1的化合物或权利要求4的组合物施用于植物上,植物的种子上或者植物和种子生长的土壤中。
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