CN1015543B - 杀真菌剂的新丙烯酸衍生物的制备方法 - Google Patents

杀真菌剂的新丙烯酸衍生物的制备方法

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CN1015543B
CN1015543B CN87105481A CN87105481A CN1015543B CN 1015543 B CN1015543 B CN 1015543B CN 87105481 A CN87105481 A CN 87105481A CN 87105481 A CN87105481 A CN 87105481A CN 1015543 B CN1015543 B CN 1015543B
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compound
group
formula
plant
methyl
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CN87105481A (zh
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克里斯托弗·理查德·艾尔斯
约翰·马丁·克拉夫
伊恩·托马斯·斯特里亭
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Syngenta Ltd
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Abstract

杀真菌剂的新丙烯酸衍生物的制备方法本发明提供制备式I化合物的方法,式中X、Y、Z、W和A的定义如说明书中所述。这些化合物可用作杀真菌剂,也可用作杀虫剂。

Description

本发明涉及用于农业(尤其是用作杀真菌剂,但也可用作杀虫剂、杀线虫剂和杀螨剂)的丙烯酸衍生物、它们的制备方法,含有该衍生物的农业组合物(尤其是杀真菌剂组合物)、用于杀灭真菌的方法(尤其是植物的真菌感染)以及防治昆虫、线虫和螨等害虫。
本发明提供具有通式(Ⅰ)的化合物及其立体异构体、金属复合物:
其中X、Y和Z可相同或不同,它们是氢、卤素、羟基、任意取代烷基、任意取代链烯基、任意取代芳基、任意取代炔基、任意取代烷氧基、任意取代芳氧基、任意取代芳烷基、任意取代芳基烷氧基、任意取代芳氧烷基、任意取代酰氧基、任意取代氨基、酰氨基、硝基、氰基、-CO2R1、-CONR2R3、或-COR4;或当X和Y处于苯环上的邻位时,可连接组成任意具有一个或多个杂原子的芳族或脂族的稠环;W是一个碳连接的任意取代的五元杂环,该杂环含有一个到四个杂原子,它们可相同或不同,它们为氮、硫或氧,其中相邻的取代基可一起组成稠合的芳族环或芳族杂环;A是氧原子或硫原子;R1、R2、R3和R4可相同或不同,它们为氢原子或烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、链烯基、炔基、任意取代芳基或任意取代芳烷基;
本发明的化合物至少含有一个碳碳双键,且有时以几何异构体的混合物形式制得,从这些混合物中可分离出各种异构体,本发明包括(E)-和(Z)-异构体及(Z)-异构体和(E)-异构体按各种比例组成的混合物。
由丙烯酸根不对称的取代双键而导致的各种异构体可用通用的“(E)”和“(Z)”来标记,它是根据文献中充分介绍的Cahn-Ingold-Prelog系统来定义的(参见J.March,“现代有机化学”第三版本,Wiley-Interscience,109页后几页)。
通常异构体其中一种的杀真菌活性要比另一种异构体的要大,活性大的异构体是具有-OCH3,该基团位于取代苯环双键的同一侧的那一种。这在本发明的化合物中是指(E)-异构体,这些异构体组成了本发明的较佳实施例。
Figure 87105481_IMG7
上式在以下文中是表示一种可分的具有丙烯酸盐双键的两种几何异构体的混合物,即:
的混合物。
作为基团(如在“烷氧基”和“芳烷基”中)而存在的烷基可以是直链或支链,含有1到6个碳原子较好,而含有1至4个碳原子则更佳;例如,这些烷基为甲基、乙基、丙基(正丙基或异丙基)和丁基(正-丁基、仲-丁基、异-丁基或叔-丁基)。任意的烷基取代基包括羟基、卤素(尤其是氯和氟)、C1-4烷氧基和C1-4烷氧羰基。
较佳的卤代烷基取代基和较佳的卤代烷氧基为(C1-4)卤代烷基,特别有意义的卤代烷基取代基是三氟甲基和三氟甲氧基;最好的环烷基为C3-6环烷基(包括环己基);最好的环烷基烷基为C3-6环烷基(C1-4)烷基如环丙基乙基。
芳烷基和芳烷氧基的芳烷基部分包括苯烷基(尤其是苄基、苯乙基、苯丙基、苯丁基或苯己基),在苯烷基中的烷基部分还可含有其它的取代基如羟基或C1-4烷氧基,而芳基部分可被下列基团所取代如被1个或多个囟(尤其是氯或氟)、羟基、C1-4烷基(尤其是甲基)、C1-4烷氧基(尤其是甲氧基)、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、任意取代苯氧基、任意取代苄氧基、硝基、氨基、苯基、羧基或羧酸酯、氰基、烷基羰基氨基和亚甲二氧基所取代。在苯氧基和苄氧基上的各取代基可以包括在芳烷基的芳基部分上的任何其它的取代基。
芳氧烷基特别包括苯氧烷基(尤其是苯氧甲基和苯氧乙基),在苯氧烷基中,烷基部分可含有其它取代基如甲氧基,而芳基部分可如上述芳烷基中的芳基部分的相同的方式被取代。
较佳的链烯基和炔基含有2到6个碳原子,更佳的是含有2到4个碳原子,可以直链或支链形式连结。链烯基的实例有乙烯基、丙烯基和丁烯基。任意取代基或链烯基包括芳基和杂芳基(如苯基、呋喃基、噻吩基和吡啶基),芳基和杂芳基本身可含有如上述芳烷基中的芳基部分所述的各取代基。这些取代基包括卤素(尤其是氯或氟),而且,链烯基的末端碳原子可组成5元环或6元环的环烷基。炔基包括乙炔基且可任 意被苯基所取代,该苯基本身可被上述芳烷基的芳基部分所取代。
芳基和芳氧基的芳基部分最好是苯基,它们可如上述芳烷基的芳基部分的相同的方式被取代。
带有氨基的任意取代基包括1个或2个N-芳基和N-烷基(如N-苯基和N-甲基)。
酰基和酰氧基的酰基部分特别包括乙酰基和苯甲酰基,其中苯环可如上述芳烷基的芳基部分的相同方式被取代。酰氨基包括苯甲酰氨基、呋喃甲酰氨基和任意被N-烷基(尤其是N-甲基)取代的噻吩基羰基氨基。
杂环基W可包括呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、苯基呋喃基、苯基噻吩基、吲哚基、吡唑基、异噁唑基、异噻唑基、噁唑基、噻唑基、咪唑基、苯基异噁唑基、苯异噻唑基、苯基吡唑基、苯基噁唑基、苯基噻唑基、1,2,3-三唑基、1,2,4-三唑基、四唑基和噻唑并〔5,4-b〕吡啶-2-基。上述杂环基可具有一环或多环取代基或在稠环的情况下,在两个环中任何一个环或两个环上可含有一个或多个取代基,这类取代基的例子有卤素、硝基、任意被卤素、羟基或C1-4烷氧基取代的C1-4烷基、任意被卤素、羟基或C1-4烷氧基取代的C1-4烷氧基、任意被卤素、羟基取代的苯氧基、任意被C1-4烷基或氰基取代的氨基。
本发明优选的W基团是具有式(A)的基团:
Figure 87105481_IMG9
其中D是氧或硫;E是N或C-J,G和J各自为氢、卤素(尤其是溴、氯或氟)、羟基、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、卤代(C1-4)烷基(尤其是三氟甲基)、卤代(C1-4)烷氧基(尤其是三氟甲氧基)、苯氧基、硝基、氨 基或单或二(C1-4)烷氨基;或G和J连结组成任意取代的五元或六元稠环,或任意含有1个或多个杂原子的脂族环或芳族环。
G和J组成的稠环上的任意取代基包括上述G和J所给定的那些取代基。
由G和J组成的优选的稠环为苯环、吡啶环和嘧啶环。
基团
Figure 87105481_IMG10
为苯并噁唑基、苯噻唑基、噻唑并吡啶基、噻唑基和任意具有上述G和J给定的一个或多个取代基的1,3,4-噻二唑基。
对于所有优选的W,X、Y和Z(它们可相同或不同)最好为单个原子或空间位阻小的基团如氟基、氯基、溴基、羟基、甲基、甲氧基、三氟甲基、甲氨基或二甲氨基、但最好是氢。
A最好是氧。
现用下表Ⅰ中所列出的化合物来说明本发明。
Figure 87105481_IMG11
表Ⅰ
Figure 87105481_IMG12
表Ⅰ(续/D)
Figure 87105481_IMG13
表Ⅰ(续/D)
Figure 87105481_IMG14
表Ⅰ(续/D)
表Ⅰ(续/D)
Figure 87105481_IMG16
表Ⅰ(续/D)
Figure 87105481_IMG17
表Ⅰ(续/D)
表Ⅰ(续/D)
Figure 87105481_IMG19
表Ⅰ(续/D)
Figure 87105481_IMG20
表Ⅰ(续/D)
表Ⅰ(续/D)
Figure 87105481_IMG22
表Ⅰ(续/D)
Figure 87105481_IMG23
表Ⅰ(续/D)
Figure 87105481_IMG24
表Ⅰ(续/D)
Figure 87105481_IMG25
表Ⅰ(续/D)
Figure 87105481_IMG26
表Ⅰ(续/D)
表Ⅰ(续/D)
Figure 87105481_IMG28
表Ⅰ(续/D)
Figure 87105481_IMG29
*单峰从β-甲氧丙烯酸酯基上的稀质子的化学位移(用四甲基硅烷测定,以ppm表示),溶剂为氘氯仿。
+β-甲氧丙烯酸酯几何异构体。
表Ⅱ列出表Ⅰ中所列出的两种化合物的选择质子核磁共振数据,其化学位移是用四甲基硅烷来测定的,以ppm表示,氘氯仿用作整个分析过程的溶剂。所用的缩写词说明如下:
br=宽    t=三重峰
s=单峰    q=四重峰
d=双峰    m=多重峰
J=偶合常数    Hz=赫兹
表Ⅱ:选择质子核磁共振数据
化合物号    质子核磁共振数据
115    3.64(3H,s);3.77(3H,s);7.37(4H,s);7.56(1H,s)
116    3.57(3H,s);3.69(3H,s);7.09-7.57(7H,m);
7.53(1H,s)
具有通式(Ⅰ)的本发明化合物可用取代苯酚或通式(Ⅶ)的硫代苯酚按反应式Ⅰ中所示的各步骤来制备。在反应式Ⅰ中,A,X,Y,Z和W如上所定义,L是一个卤原子或另一个优选的离去基团。
以几何异构体存在的通式(Ⅰ)的化合物可用色谱层析、分级结晶和蒸馏来分离,其可用碱(如碳酸钾)和在适合溶剂(如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)中的甲基化剂CH-L(Ⅱ)通过通式(Ⅲ)化合物的邻位甲基化作用来制备(反应式Ⅰ的(a)步骤)。
通式(Ⅲ)的化合物可将通式(Ⅳ)的乙酸苯酯和碱(如氢化钠)和甲酸酯(如甲酸甲酯)在适合溶剂(如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)中一起反应而制备(反应式Ⅰ的(b)步骤)。
此外,通式(Ⅰ)的化合物可由通式(ⅩⅢ)的乙缩醛在酸性或碱性条件下,在适合的温度下以及在适合的溶剂中通过消去甲醇来制备(反应式Ⅰ的(c)步骤)。可用于该转化的试剂或试剂混合物的例子有二异丙酰胺锂;硫酸氢钾(参见T    Yamada,H    Hagiwara和H    Uda,J.Chem.Soc.,Chemical    Communications,1980,838及本文的对比文献);三乙 胺,还常有路易斯酸和四氯化钛(参见K    Nsunda和L    Heresi,J.Chem.Soc.,Chemical    Communications,1985,1000)。
通式(ⅩⅢ)的乙缩醛可将R是烷基的通式(ⅩⅣ)的甲基甲硅烷基乙烯酮缩二乙醇在有路易斯酸如四氢化肽的存在下,在适合的温度下、适宜的溶剂中同三甲基原甲酸酯反应来制备(参见K    Saigo,M    Osaki和T    Mukaiyama,Chemistry    Letters,1976,769)。
通式(ⅩⅣ)的甲基甲硅烷基乙烯酮缩二乙醇可由通式(Ⅳ)的酯通过与一种碱和通式R3Sicl或R3SiBr,如三甲基甲硅烷基氯化物的三烷基甲硅烷基囟化物,或与一种碱和通式R3Si-OSO2CF3的三烷基甲硅烷基三氟盐,用适合的溶剂,于适合的温度来制备(参见C Ainsworth,F Chen和Y Kuo,J.organometallic Chemistry,1972,46,59)。
通式(Ⅰ)的化合物,在适合的条件下,可在一个罐中由通式(Ⅳ)的酯,通过依次加入上述所列出的适合试剂来制备,而不一定需要分离中间体(ⅩⅢ)和(ⅩⅣ)。
通式(Ⅳ)的化合物,可用化学文献中所介绍的标准方法,酯化通式(Ⅴ)的化合物而进行制备(反应式Ⅰ的(d)步骤)。
通式(Ⅴ)的化合物,可将通式(Ⅶ)的化合物与通式(Ⅵ)的化合物在一种碱(如碳酸钾)的存在下进行反应来制备。如有需要,还可加入在一种适合溶剂(如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)中的一种过渡金属或过渡金属盐催化剂(如青铜)(反应式Ⅰ的(e)步骤)。
此外,通式(Ⅳ)的化合物可由通式(Ⅷ)的酯通过与通式(Ⅵ)的化合物,在一种碱(如碳酸钾)的存在下反应来制备。如有需要,还可加入在一种适合溶剂(如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)中的一种过渡金属或过渡金属盐催化剂(如青铜),(反应式Ⅰ的(f)步骤)。
通式(Ⅷ)的酯,用化学文献中所介绍的标准方法,将通式(Ⅶ)的化合物进行酯化反应来制备(反应式Ⅰ的(g)步骤)。
通式(Ⅶ)的化合物可用化学文献中介绍的标准方法来制备。(例如参见A.Clesse,W.Haefliger,D.Hauser,H.U.Gubler,B.Dewald和M.Baggiolini,J.Med    Chem.,1981,24,1465)。
此外,具有通式(Ⅰ)的本发明化合物可由通式(Ⅶ)的乙酸苯酯按反应式Ⅱ中所示的各步骤来制备。在反应式Ⅱ中,A、W、X、Y、Z和L如上所定义,M是苯酚基或硫代苯酚基的保护基。
因此通式(Ⅰ)的化合物可将通式(Ⅸ)的化合物与通式(Ⅵ)的化合物在一种碱(如碳酸钾)的存在下反应而制备。如有需要,可加入在适合溶剂(如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)中的一种过渡金属或过渡金属盐催化剂(反应式Ⅱ的(h)步骤)。
通式(Ⅸ)的化合物可由通式(Ⅹ)的被保护的苯酚或硫代苯酚衍生物,用化学文献中介绍的标准的脱保护方法来制备(反应式Ⅱ的(ⅰ)步骤)。例如通式(Ⅸ,A=O)的苯酚可由通式(Ⅹ,A=O,M=CHPh)的二苄醚在适合的催化剂(如钯炭)的存在下通过氢解来制备。
通式Ⅹ的化合物,其中M是标准的苯酚或硫代苯酚的保护基(例如苄基),该化合物可用一种碱(如碳酸钾)和甲基化剂CH3-L(Ⅱ)在一种适合溶剂(如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)中,通过将通式(Ⅺ)的化合物的邻位甲基化作用来制备(反应式Ⅱ的(j)步骤)。
通式(Ⅺ)的化合物,可将通式(Ⅻ)的乙酸苯酯与一种碱(如氢化钠)和甲酸酯(如甲酸甲酯)在一种适合溶剂(如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)中一起反应来制备(反应式Ⅱ的(k)步骤)。
通式(Ⅻ)的化合物可由通式(Ⅷ)的化合物,用化学文献中所介绍的标准方法来制备。
另外,本发明还提供了制备式(Ⅰ)化合物的方法,也提供了式(Ⅲ)-(Ⅴ)和(ⅩⅢ)的中间体。
Figure 87105481_IMG30
这些化合物是具有活性的杀真菌剂,可用来控制一种或多种下列病原菌:
水稻的Pyricularia    oryzae。
不易见的小麦柄锈菌属(Puccinia    recondita和Puccinia    striif-ormis)及其它小麦锈病。
大麦柄锈菌属(Puccinia    hordei和Puccinia    striiformis)及其它大麦锈病,以及其它宿主如咖啡、梨、苹果、花生、蔬菜和装饰植物的锈病。
大麦和小麦的禾本科植物白粉菌病(白粉菌)、各种寄主的其它白粉菌病如啤酒花的Sphaerotheca    macularis、葫芦(如黄瓜)的Sphaerotheca    fuliginea、苹果的Podosphaeraleucotricha、藤本植物的板口钩丝壳属(Uncinula    necator)。
长蠕孢属种(Helminthosporium    spp)、喙孢属种(Rhynchosporium    spp.)、壳针孢属种(Septoria    spp)和假尾孢属(Pseudocercosporella    herpotrichoides)。
花生的尾孢菌属(Cercospora    arachidicola)和小尾孢属(Cercos-poridium    personata)及其它宿主如甜菜、香蕉、大豆和水稻的其它尾孢菌属种。
番茄、采集草莓、蔬菜、藤本植的和其它宿主的灰色葡萄孢属(Botrytis    cinerea)(灰霉菌)。
蔬菜(如黄瓜)、种子油油菜、苹果、蕃茄及其它宿主的链格孢属种(Alternaria    species)、
苹果的黑星菌属(Venturia    inaequalis)(疮痂病)。
藤本植物的单轴霉属(Plasmopara    viticola)。
其它霜霉如莴苣盘梗霉、大豆、蕃茄、洋葱和其它宿主的霜霉属种(Peronospora    spp.)、啤酒花的假霜霉属(Pseudoperonospora    humuli)、葫芦假霜霉属(Pseudoperonospora    cubensis)、马铃薯、蕃茄的感染疫霉属(Phytophthora    infestans)以及蔬菜采集草莓、颚梨、胡椒、装饰植物、烟草、可可树和其它宿主的其它疫霉属种。
稻亡革菌属(Thanatephorus    cucumeris)、各种宿主如小麦、大麦、蔬菜、棉花和草皮的其他Rhizoctonia种。
其中某些化合物还显示出体外抗真菌的广谱活性,它们对收获后水果的各种病害也具有抗病害活性〔例如柑桔掌状分裂青霉和意大利的青霉(Penicillium    digitatum    and    italicum)、柑桔绿色木霉属(Trichoderma    viride)、香蕉小盘孢属(Gloesporium    musarum)〕和葡萄的灰色葡萄孢属(Botrytis    cinerea)。
有些化合物作为种子覆盖层还具有抗谷类的镰孢霉属种(Fusarium    spp.)、针壳孢属种、腥黑粉菌属种(Tilletia    spp.)(腥黑粉菌、小麦的种子局部病)、黑粉菌属种(Ustilago    spp.)长蠕孢属种(Helminth-osporium    spp.)、棉花的Rhizoctonia    solani和水稻的Pyricularia    oryzae。
本发明化合物能在植物组织中向上运动,而且具有挥发性,足以成汽相杀灭植物真菌。
本发明提供了杀灭真菌的方法。该方法包括将有效量的式(Ⅰ)的杀真菌化合物应用于植物、植物种子或植物、种子的堆积场所。
式Ⅰ化合物也可有效地用作工业杀真菌剂(与农业杀真菌剂不同),例如,可用于防治木材、皮革、皮革制品、尤其是涂料薄膜的真菌病。
本发明化合物对昆虫、线虫和螨也具有杀虫活性,因此本发明还提供了杀死或防治昆虫、线虫或螨的方法,该方法包括对害虫或其栖息处施用有效量的式(Ⅰ)的杀昆虫/杀线虫/杀螨化合物。
本发明化合物可直接用于杀真菌或杀昆虫用途,但若用载体或稀释剂配制成组合物则更为适合。因此本发明提供含有如上定义的式(Ⅰ)化合物以及可接受的杀真菌/杀昆虫的载体或稀释剂的杀真菌组合物和杀昆虫组合物。
作为杀真菌剂。本发明化合物可有许多应用方式,例如,可将配制的或未配制的化合物直接施于生长的叶子或待播种的种子或其它植物生长的介质上。可采用喷雾、粉施、乳油制剂、糊剂、蒸汽、缓慢释放的粒剂形式等施用。施用的部位包括叶子、茎、枝、根、根际土壤、播种前的种子、土壤、稻田水、溶液培养系统。也可以将其注入plantsor,用电动力喷雾技术或其它低容量方法喷射到蔬菜上。
本文所用“植物”一词包括籽苗、矮灌木和乔木。此外,本发明杀真菌的方法包括用预防物、防护剂、预防剂和铲除剂处理。
本发明化合物以组合物的形式用于农业和圆艺学用途更为优选,在任何情况下,所采用的组合物类型要根据所设想的特定目的而定。
组合物可以是可湿性粉剂或粒剂,其包含活性组分(本发明化合物)以及固体稀释剂或载体,例如高岭土、膨润土、硅藻土、白云石、碳酸钙、滑石、镁粉、漂白土、石膏、硅藻土以及中国陶土等填料。预制的这类粒剂适用于未进一步处理的土壤。这些粒制可通过将填料的浸渍片与活性成分制得或将活性成分和填料粉的混合物压制成丸。用于处理种子的组合物可包括一种用于促使组合物粘附到种子上的介质(如矿物油);此外,为了处理种子,可将活性组分用有机溶剂(如N-甲基吡咯烷酮、丙二醇或二甲基甲酰胺)来配制。组合物也可以制成可湿性粉或水分散粒剂形式,所包含的湿润剂或分散剂能促使组合物分散在液体中。粉剂和粒剂也可含有填料和悬浮剂。
可乳化的浓溶液或乳浊液可通过将活性组分溶解在任意含有湿润剂或乳化剂的一种有机溶剂中,然后将上述混合物加到亦含有湿润剂或乳 化剂的水中来制备。适合的有机溶剂有烷基苯、烷基萘等芳族溶剂、酮类如佛尔酮、环己酮和甲基环己酮、氯化烃如氯苯和三氯乙烷、醇如苄醇、糠醇、丁醇和乙二醇酯。
含有大量不溶固体的悬浮浓液体可以通过将球粉或珠粉与分散剂一起研磨,还包括终止固体沉降的悬浮剂来制备。
用作喷雾的组合物可以是气溶胶形式,其中,制剂在压力下,在有氟三氯甲烷或二氯二氟甲烷等推进剂的存在下被装在一个容器内。
本发明化合物可以干态与焰火混合物混合,以组成适用于在密闭空间产生含有本发明化合物的烟雾的组合物。
此外,该化合物可以微囊包封型使用,亦可配制成生物可降解的聚合物制剂以获得能缓慢地、受控制地释放活性物质的制剂。
通过加入能改进分散、粘合粉性能以及改善被处理表面防雨水的各种添加剂,以组成不同的组合物能更好地适应于不同的应用。
本发明化合物可与肥料(氮肥、钾肥、或磷肥)混合使用。当组合物只包含掺入肥料的颗粒,如涂敷该化合物(效果)将较好。这类粒剂适于含有高达25%(重量计)的化合物。因此本发明也提供了包含肥料和通式(Ⅰ)化合物或其盐、金属复合物的肥料组合物。
可湿性粉、可乳化的浓溶液和浓悬浮液通常含有如湿润剂、分散剂、乳化剂或悬浮剂的表面活性剂。这些表面活性剂可以是阳离子剂、阴离子剂或非离子剂。
适合的阳离子剂有季铵类化合物,例如十六烷基三甲基铵溴化物;适合的阴离子剂有肥皂、硫酸的脂族单酯盐(如十二烷基硫酸钠)、芳族磺酸盐化合物的盐(如十二烷基苯磺酸钠、木素磺酸钠、木素磺酸钙或木素磺酸铵、丁基萘磺酸盐和二异丙基萘磺酸钠和三异丙基萘磺酸钠的混合物)。
适合的非离子剂有乙烯氧化物与脂肪醇如油醇或十六烷醇的缩合产 物,或乙烯氧化物与烷基苯酚如辛基苯酚或壬基苯酚和辛基甲苯酚的缩合产物。其它的非离子剂有由长链脂肪酸和己糖醇酐衍生的部分酯、上述部分酯与乙烯氧化物的缩合产物以及卵磷酯。适合的悬浮剂有亲水胶体(如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和羧甲基纤维素钠)和溶胀陶土如膨润土或美国活性白土。
用作水分散剂或乳剂的组合物通常是以含有高比例活性组分的浓溶液形式来施用,临用前用水释稀浓溶液。这些浓溶液最好应能长期贮存,并且在贮存之后能用水稀释,以便制成能长期保持均一的含水制剂,而应用于常用的喷射装置。含活性成分(以重量计)的浓溶液可配至高达95%的浓度,但最适为10-85%如25-60%。稀释后可配成含有所需活性成分不同含量的各种含水制剂,可以使用含活性成分(重量计)0.0005%或0.01%至10%的含水制剂。
本发明组合物可含有其它生物活性的化合物如类似的或辅助杀真菌活性的化合物、植物生长调节剂、除草剂、杀虫剂。
含于本发明组合物中的杀真菌化合物可以是能杀灭谷类(如小麦)穗病如壳针孢属种、赤霉种和长蠕孢属种、种子和土壤局部病、葡萄霜病和葡萄白粉病、苹果白粉病和疮痂病等,通过加入其它的杀真菌剂,本组合物能具有比仅含有式(Ⅰ)化合物更广谱活性的组合物。此外,其它杀真菌剂对通式(Ⅰ)化合物的杀真菌活性还具有协同作用。本发明组合物中所包括的杀真菌化合物有多菌灵、苯菌灵、托布津、涕必灵、呋喃基苯并咪唑、etridazole、抑菌灵、cymoxanil、噁草灵、ofurace、metalazyl、furalaxyl、benalaxyl、fosetyl-aluminium、fenarimol、二氯苯基甲乙基二氧咪唑烷羧酰胺、胺丙威、procymidone、vinclozolin、Penconazole、myclobutanil、propamocarb、RO151297、diniconazole、定菌磷、乙菌定、ditalimfos、克啉菌、嗪氨灵、nuarimol、丁基三唑、双胍盐、1,1′- 亚氨基二-(辛亚甲基)二胍的三醋酸酯盐、buthiobate、propicona-zole、prochloraz、flutriafol、六十烷咪唑、(2RS,3RS)-2-(4-氯苯基)-3-环丙基-1-(1H-1,2,4-三咪唑基)丁二醇、(RS)-1-(4-氯苯基)-4,4-二甲基-3-(1H-1,2,4-三咪唑-1-基甲基)戊醇-3、DPX    H6573(1-(双-4氟苯基)甲基甲硅烷基)-1H-1,2,4-三咪唑、triadimefon、triademenol、diclobutrazol、fenpropimorph、pyrifenox、fenpropidin、chlorozolinate、imazalil、甲基苯基呋喃羧酰胺、菱锈灵、氧菱锈灵、三甲基苯基呋喃羧酰胺、吗菌灵、BAS    454、杀稻瘟菌素、春雷霉素、克瘟散、稻瘟净、环己酰亚胺、苯酞、噻菌灵、富士一号、tricyclazole、4-氯-N-(氰基(乙氧基)甲基苄胺、pyroquilon、chlorbenzthiazone、甲胂铁铵、多氧菌素D、有效霉素A、mepronil、flutoanil、pencycuron、diclomezine、叶枯净、镍、二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸酯、techlofthalam、bitertanol、bupirmate、etaconazole、羟基异氧代咪唑、链霉素、biloxazol、新西兰灭螨猛、甲菌定、1-(2-氰基-2-甲氧亚氨基乙酰基)-3-乙基脲、fenapanil、tolclofosmethyl、pyroxyfur、代森联、代森猛、mancozeb、captafol、百菌清、敌菌灵、福美双、克菌丹、folpet、代森锌、甲基代森锌、硫、敌螨普、二氯萘醌、chloroneb、乐杀螨、nitrothalisopropyl、十二烷胍、二噻农、毒菌锡、薯瘟锡、四氯硝基苯、五氯硝基苯、氯硝氨、含有氯氧化酮、硫酸铜和波尔多葡萄酒混合物的铜化合物以及有机汞化合物。
通式(Ⅰ)的化合物可与土壤、泥炭或其它生根介质混合,防止植物种子局部、土壤局部或植物真菌病。
本发明组合物中可掺入的适合杀虫剂包括抗蚜威、乐果、甲基内吸磷、安果、西维因、甲基乙基苯酚甲基氨基甲酸酯、XMC、BPMC、虫螨威、carbosulfan、二嗪农、倍硫磷、杀螟松、稻丰散、毒死蜱、 异噁唑磷、丙虫磷、久效磷、buprofezin、ethroproxyfen和cycloprothrin。
植物生长调节化合物有控制杂草或种头形成或选择性地控制不需要植物(如禾本科杂草)的生长。
适用于本发明化合物的植物生长调节化合物有赤霉素(例GA3、GA4或GA7)、植物生长激素(如吲哚基醋酸、吲哚丁酸、萘氧基乙酸或萘乙酸)、细胞分裂素(如激动素、二苯脲、苄亚氨基咪唑、苄基腺嘌呤或苄基氨基嘌呤)、苯氧乙酸、(如2,4-D或MCPA)、取代苯甲酸(如三碘苯甲酸)、形态素(如氯甲丹)、顺丁烯二酰肼、甘草膦、甘草二膦、长链脂肪醇和酸、dikegulac、paclobutrazol、fluoridamid、mefluidide、取代季铵和磷化合物(如chloromequat chlorphonium或mepiquatchloride)、乙烯利、长杀草、甲基-3,6-二氯茴香酸盐、daminozide、黄草灵、脱落酸、isopyrimol、1-(4-氯苯基)-4,6-二甲基-2-氧-1,2-二氢吡啶-3-羧酸、羟苄乙腈(如溴苯腈)、difenzoquat、苄基丙乙基3,6-二氯吡啶甲酸、fenpentezol、inabenfide、triapenthenol和四氯硝基苯。
下列实施例用于说明本发明。在这些实施例中,“醚”一词是指乙醚;用硅胶作固相进行色谱层析;硫酸镁干燥溶液;在氮气氛下,进行包含水或空气敏感中间体的反应,温度采用摄氏温度表示。
实施例中只部分选出红外和核磁共振数据,未列出每个吸收谱,使用缩写如下:
DMF=N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
g=克
mmol=毫摩尔    delta=化学位移
ml=毫升 CDCl3=氘氯仿
mmHg=毫米汞高    s=单峰
M.P.=熔点    d=双峰
nmr=核磁共振    t=叁重峰
br=宽
实施例1
本实施例说明E-3-甲氧基-2-[2′-(苯并恶唑-2″-基-氧代苯基]丙烯酸甲酯(表Ⅰ化合物44)的制备。
将2-羟基苯乙酸(50克)加入氯化氢的甲醇溶液中〔由乙酰氯(25毫升)和甲醇(250毫升)制得〕。室温搅拌该溶液3小时,之后静置过夜(15小时)。减压浓缩所得化合物,残余物用乙醚(250毫升)溶解,用碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤直到不再泡腾为止,干燥醚溶液,减压浓缩,所得到的固体从乙醚/汽油中重结晶得2-羟苯乙酸甲酯(50克,92%收率)为白色粉状结晶,熔点70-72℃,红外最大值(石蜡糊):3420,1715cm-1;1H nmr(CDCl3,90MHz):δ3.70(2H,S),3.75(3H,S),6.80-6.95(2H,m),7.05-7.10(1H,m),7.15-7.25(1H,m),7.40(1H,S)ppm。
将2-羟基苯乙酸甲酯(21.0克)溶解在干DMF(200毫升)中,干碳酸钾(19.35克)一次加入。将苄基溴(23.94克)的干DMF(50毫升)于室温搅拌下滴加到该混合物中。18小时后,将混合物倾入水(500毫升)中,用乙醚(2×400毫升)提取。用水(3×150毫升)和盐水(100毫升)洗涤提取液,干燥并滤过硅胶(50克,Merck60),减压浓缩得一黄色油状物。于160℃和0.05mmHg下蒸馏此油状物得透明的无色油2-苄氧基苯乙酸甲酯(26.99克;83%收率)。红外最大值(薄膜):1730cm-1;H nmr(CDCl3,90MHz):δ3.60(3H,S),3.75(2H,S),4.10(2H,S),6.80-7.40(9H,m)。
将2-苄氧基苯乙酸甲酯(26.99克)和甲酸甲酯(126.62克)的干DMF(300毫升)于0℃滴加到搅拌的氢化钠(50%油分散剂,10.31克)的DMF(300毫升)悬浮液中。0℃搅拌2小时后,将混合物倾入水(1000毫升)中,用醚(2×150毫升)洗涤,用6M盐酸酸化水层至pH4, 然后用乙醚(2×350毫升)提取,减压干燥浓缩提取液得粗制的黄色油状物3-羟基-2-[2′-苄氧苯基]丙烯酸甲酯。
红外最大值(薄膜):1720,1660cm-1
将上述得到的粗制的3-羟基-2-[2′-苄氧基苯基]丙烯酸甲酯一次溶解在干DMF(100毫升)和碳酸钾(29.0克)中,然后往其中搅拌滴加硫酸二甲酯(16.00克)的干DMF(10毫升),90分钟后,加入水(300毫升),用乙醚(2×300毫升)提取。水(3×150毫升)和盐水洗涤后,减压干燥并浓缩提取液,用乙醚/汽油研磨固化的所得到的黄色油状物,从干甲醇中重结晶得白色结晶固体E-3-甲氧-2-(2′-苄氧苯基)丙烯酸甲酯(5.44克,2-苄氧基苯乙酸甲酯回收率17%),熔点76-77℃。红外最大值(石蜡糊):1710,1640cm-1;1H nmr(CDCl3,90MHz):δ3.63(3H,S),3.75(3H,S),5.05(2H,S),6.80-7.40(9H,m),7.50(1H,S)ppm。
将E-3-甲氧(2′-苄氧基苯基)丙烯酸甲酯(5.44克)溶解在乙酸乙酯(50毫升)中并加入钯炭催化剂(0.25克)。在三个大气压下氢化该搅拌混合物,继续搅拌直至不再有氢气被溶解为止,然后通过C盐和硅胶(50克,Merck60)过滤,减压浓缩滤液得E-3-甲氧基-2-(2′-羟苯基)-丙烯酸甲酯白色结晶固体(3.76克;收率99%),熔点125-126℃;红外最大值(石蜡糊):3400,1670cm-1;1Hnmr(CDCl3,270MHz):δ3.80(3H,S),3.90(3H,S),6.20(1H,S),6.80-7.00(2H,m),7.10-7.30(2H,m),7.60(1H,S)ppm。
于室温搅拌E-3-甲氧基-2-(2′-羟苯基)丙烯酸甲酯(0.5克)、碳酸钾(0.24克)和2-氯苯噁唑(5毫升)的干DMF(5毫升)2小时,加入水(25毫升),用乙醚(2×50毫升)提取该溶液。用水(2×25毫升)和盐水(25毫升)洗涤乙醚提取液,减压干燥浓缩。残余物在硅胶(Merck60)上进行色谱层析。用乙醚洗脱得透明无色油状物的标题化合物(0.45克;58%收率)。1Hnmr(CDCl3,270MHz):δ3.8(3H,S),3.95 (3H,S),7.40-7.80(8H,m),7.80(1H,S)。13C nmr(CDCl3)在δ167.21,161.99,160.69,150.35,148.31,140.85,132.47,129.07,126.00,124.79,124.30,123.06,120.90,118.54,109.64,106.42,61.87和51.49ppm处显示出去偶信号。
以下列出适用于农业及园艺目的的组合物,这些组合物可用本发明化合物配制而得,它构成了本发明的另一个方面。温度采用摄低温度(℃),百分比为重量百分比。
实施例2
本实施例是说明E-3-甲氧基-2-[2′-(噻唑基吡啶-2″-基氧苯基)]丙烯酸甲酯(表Ⅰ化合物50)的制备。
于0℃将碳酸钾(0.53克)加入E-3-甲氧基-2-(2′-羟苯基)丙烯酸甲酯(0.40克)和2-氯噻唑吡啶(1.30克)的干DMF(10毫升)的搅拌溶液中,在2天内使反应化合物升至室温,而后使其在水和乙醚间分配,干燥,过滤并蒸发乙醚层。残余物进行色谱层析(用乙醚-己烷混合物作洗脱剂)得油状的标题化合物(0.16克),该化合物用乙醚-己烷研磨后结晶。从乙醚-己烷重结晶得一浅黄色固体(0.10克),收率15.4%,熔点109-111℃。
实施例3
本实施例是说明E-3-甲氧基-2-[2′-(5″-三氟甲基-1″,3″,4″-噻二唑-2″-基氧苯基)]丙烯酸甲酯(表Ⅰ化合物115)的制备。
如同实施例2所述,将E-3-甲氧基-2-(2′-羟苯基)丙烯酸甲酯(1.00克与2-溴-5-三氟甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑(4.48克)和碳酸钾(1.33克)的干DMF(15毫升)一起处理,得到的粗制产物为一浅褐色液体(2.30克),将其进行色谱层析(用乙醚-己烷3∶2洗脱)后得无色油状的标题化合物(1.25克,72%)1Hnmr(CDCl3)δ3.04(3H,S);3.77(3H,S);7.37(4H,S);7.56(1H,S);(微量分析实测值:C46.96%,H3.27%,N7.78%; C14H11F3N2O4S理论值C46.67%,H3.05%,N7.78%)。
实施例4
本实施例是说明E-3-甲氧基-2-[2′-(5′-硝基噻唑-2′-基氧苯基)]丙烯酸甲酯(表Ⅰ化合物118)的制备。
如实施例2所述,将E-3-甲氧基-2-(2′-羟苯基)丙烯酸甲酯(1.00克)与2-溴-5-硝基噻唑(2.00克)和碳酸钾(1.99克)的干DMF(10毫升)一起处理。所得到的粗产物为一褐色油状物,该油静置后部分结晶,进行色谱层析(用乙醚-己烷2∶1洗脱)得黄色油状物的标题化合物(1.17克),用乙醚-己烷研磨后结晶,再用己烷-二氯甲烷重结晶得一淡黄色结晶固体(0.76克,47%).熔点94-95℃。
实施例5
通过混合和搅拌活性组分直到全部溶解来制备乳油。
表Ⅰ化合物44    10%
苄醇    30%
十二烷苯磺酸钙    5%
壬基酚乙氧基化物    10%
(13摩尔环氧乙烷)
烷基苯    45%
实施例6
将活性成分溶解在二氯甲烷中,并将所得到的液体喷射到美国活性白土颗粒上,然后使溶剂蒸发得颗粒状组合物。
表Ⅰ化合物44    5%
美国活性白土    95%
实施例7
通过将三种活性成分混合并研磨来制备适用于作为种子处理的组合物。
表Ⅰ化合物44    50%
矿物油    2%
中国陶土    48%
实施例8
通过将活性组分与滑石混合并研磨来制备粉剂。
表Ⅰ化合物44    5%
滑石    95%
实施例9
通过磨碎球状活性组分,用水制成磨碎混合物的水悬浮液来制备浓悬浮液。
表Ⅰ化合物44    40%
木素磺酸钠    10%
膨润陶土    1%
水    49%
通过用水稀释该制剂可用作喷雾或可直接应用于种子处理。
实施例10
通过将活性组分磨碎混合直至全部充分混合来制备可湿性粉剂组合物。
表Ⅰ化合物44    25%
十二烷基硫酸钠    2%
木素磺酸钠    5%
硅胶    25%
中国陶土    43%
实施例11
将化合物进行防治各种植物叶片真菌病的试验,所采用的试验技术如下:
将植物种植在4厘米直径小盆的John    Innes    Potting    Compost(1号或2号)里,将试验化合物经磨碎成颗粒,配制成含水成分散剂T或丙酮或丙酮/乙醇的溶液,临用前稀释成所需的浓度。对植物叶片真菌病而言,可将该制剂(100ppm活性组分)喷射到叶片上或喷射到土壤的植物根部。使喷射液喷射至最大滞留量,并使根部浸润在终浓度约等于40ppm    a.i./干壤中。当喷射液施用于谷类作物时,还可加入配成终浓度为0.05%的吐温20。
大部分试验都是植物在接种真菌前一天或两天,将化合物通过喷雾施用于土壤(即根部)和叶片上。唯一的例外是禾本科植物的白粉菌属的试验,在该试验中,植物是在处理前24小时接种的。叶片病原菌是通过把孢子悬浮液喷射到试验植物的叶子上来接种的,接种后,将植物置于适合的环境中,使其发生感染,然后孵育至估计已受病害。孵育和评估之间的时间,按照病害和环境,从4天到14天不等。
病害控制用如下分级来记录:
4=无病害。
3=在未经处理的植物上有5%痕量病害。
2=在未经处理的植物上有6-25%病害。
1=在未经处理的植物上有26-59%病害。
0=在未经处理的植物上有60-100%病害。
试验结果示于表Ⅲ。
Figure 87105481_IMG32
实施例12
本实施例是说明表Ⅰ化合物44的杀虫性能。
用昆虫、螨和线虫来检测该化合物的杀虫活性。该化合物(重量计)以含有该化合物百万分(ppm)之五百的液体制剂形式使用,通过将上述化合物溶解于丙酮并用水稀释成溶液,所用的水含有0.1%(重量计)商品名为“SYNPERONIC”NX出售的湿润剂,一直稀释到该液体制剂含有该产物的所需的浓度。“SYNPERONIC”为一已注册的商标。
关于每种害虫所适用的试验程序基本上是相同的,它包括把若干害虫固定在某一介质上,该介质通常为一寄主植物或害虫的食物。试验时将害虫和介质与该制剂一起处理,而后计算害虫的死亡率,通常在处理后一到七天进行。
试验结果列于表Ⅴ,死亡率分级为9,5或0,其中9表示死亡率为80-100%、5表示死亡率为50-79%、0表示死亡率不到50%。
表Ⅴ中所用的害虫用字母编号来定名,试验用的固定介质或食物,害虫种类以及试验时间列于表Ⅵ。
表Ⅰ化合物44对家蝇的击倒性能说明如下。
用2毫升丙酮稀释化合物44试样并用synperonic溶液配制成2000ppm溶液,而后将该溶液(1毫升)直接喷射到放在一只饮杯内的20只混合性别家蝇上。喷射后立即倒转杯子待干。饮杯正放15分钟后计算击倒数目。在计算家蝇死亡率之前,使家蝇在10%蔗糖棉花垫上于25℃,65%相对湿度保持48小时。
表Ⅳ
固定介质    持续时间
编号字母    试验种    /食物    试验类型    (天数)
TUA荨麻红叶螨属 法国豆叶 接触 3
(Tetranychus    urticae)
(成年蜘蛛螨)
DB    条叶甲属    滤纸/    残留    3
(Diabrotica    balteata)    玉米种子
(根蠕虫幼虫)
MDC家蝇 棉花/糖 接触 1
(成年家蝇)
MDK家蝇 内外翻转 击倒 2
(成年家蝇)    的杯
SP    Spodoptera    exigua    棉叶    残留    3
(小行军虫幼虫)
“接触”试验表示害虫和介质一起处理,“残留”表示在害虫侵袭前处理介质。
表Ⅴ
化合物号    量
(PPM) TUAMDCMDKSP DB
(表Ⅰ)
44    500    9    0    0    9    9

Claims (1)

1、一种制备具有通式(Ⅰ)的化合物及其立体异构体的方法,
Figure 87105481_IMG2
其中X、Y和Z都是氢;A是氧;W是下列各式的一个基团:
或被卤原子、C1-4烷基、硝基或三氟甲基取代的上式基团;
此方法包括使
(a)式(Ⅲ)的化合物:
Figure 87105481_IMG4
在一种碱的存在下,与在适合溶剂中的甲基化剂CH3-L反应;或
(b)在一种碱的存在下,使式(Ⅸ)的化合物
与化合物WL反应,如有需要,还可加入在适合溶剂中的过渡金属盐催化剂,其中A、W、X、Y和Z如前所定义,L是卤原子或其它好的离去基团。
CN87105481A 1986-08-06 1987-08-06 杀真菌剂的新丙烯酸衍生物的制备方法 Expired CN1015543B (zh)

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