CN103416204A - Flue-cured tobacco plastic film mulching round-hole type transplanting method - Google Patents
Flue-cured tobacco plastic film mulching round-hole type transplanting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flue-cured tobacco plastic film mulching round-hole type transplanting method which comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out land preparation, ditching, applying a basic fertilizer, ridging and waiting for sufficient soil moisture content; (2) neatening a ridge surface and mulching a plastic film; (3) transplanting robust tobacco seedlings, i.e. firstly, carrying out punching to form round holes, vertically placing the tobacco seedlings into the round holes in a mode that roots are downwards, enabling interior leaves of the tobacco seedlings to be parallel and level to orifices and enabling other leaves to extend out of the orifices; (4) sprinkling root fixing water in which a seedling improvement fertilizer is dissolved along the hole walls and at the same day, spraying a pesticide; and (5) after transplanting the seedlings for 3 to 5 days, checking and supplementing the seedlings, applying an additional fertilizer after 10 days, filling the round holes after 15 days, sealing a plastic film port, removing the plastic film after 35 days, earthing to ditches until ridge bodies are full, and then entering the management stage. The method has the following advantages that 1, the transplanting round holes have small diameters so as to cause low damage to the ridge bodies and the mulched plastic film; 2, the method has no compressing effect on soil in the holes; 3, tobacco seedling transplanting efficiency is improved; 4, the tobacco seedlings are promoted to early grow and quickly tiller and growth neatness of the tobacco seedlings is improved; and 5, the method is simple to operate and is easy to popularize. The method is suitable for planting flue-cured tobacco.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the flue-cured tobacco cultivation method.
Background technology
Tobacco planting mainly adopts the method for the rear transplanting of first growing seedlings at present.Grow seedlings and mainly adopt floating seedlings and the moistening two kinds of modes of growing seedlings of pallet, all adopt the cultivation technique without soil in the plant nutrition principle, with seedling medium, substitute natural soil.Be sown into tobacco seed after utilizing expanded polystyrene lattice dish filling matrix while growing seedlings on matrix, then seedling-cultivating tray after planting floated in the nursery pond that contains nutrient solution or keeps seedling-cultivating tray moistening, complete sprouting, growth and the seedling process of cigarette seedling.Transplanting is the important technical links in cured tobacco production, and known flue-cured tobacco transplanting mode is first ridging, then on ridge, beats nest, then puts into the cigarette seedling, and earthing, compacting, water normal root water.Make nest general using hoe and carry out, labour intensity is large, operating efficiency is lower, and transplanting time drags longlyer, affect the cigarette strain regularity of growing; To the ridge body, destroy larger simultaneously.
In recent years, flue-cured tobacco transplanting method is innovated.Patent No. ZL201110203197.5 " flue-cured tobacco mulch film well cellar type seedling transplanting method " and patent application No. 201110388595.9 " non-mulching-film well pit type cured tobacco young seedling transplanting methods " have also solved after the unfavorable transplanting of part flue-cured tobacco growing district transplanting time drought, cigarette transplantation of seedlings the problems such as seedling stage is long, can also shorten seedling raise period, also can improve cigarette strain growth regularity.The punch device simultaneously matched with well cellar for storing things formula young seedling transplanting method also designs, as ZL201220430089.1 " backpack flue-cured tobacco seedling is transplanted puncher " and ZL201220430100.4 " portable flue-cured tobacco seedling is transplanted puncher ".But this kind of transplanting method only is applicable to the little transplantation of seedlings of flue-cured tobacco, and the punching diameter is larger, larger to ridge body destruction, during punching, soil had to the implementation of compression use, and unfavorable cigarette shoot root is growth.The cigarette seedling of planting in hand-hole as heavy rain after the transplanting in addition, can be impaired because of water logging.
Summary of the invention
The transplanting method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of flue-cured tobacco plastic mulching, to improve flue-cured tobacco transplanting efficiency, shorten the flue-cured tobacco transplanting time, to improve the tobacco growth regularity.
The flue-cured tobacco plastic mulching circular hole formula transplantation technique scheme that the inventor adopts comprises the following steps:
(1) before flue-cured tobacco transplanting 15～20 days, put kind of a cigarette ground in order, open center line bar basal dressing at the bottom of ，Yan ridge, railway carriage or compartment, then ridging, wait for that rainwater supplements ridge body moisture to the soil moisture content abundance;
(2) only rear arrangement Mian，Shi ridge, ridge face soil is in small, broken bits for rain; Then cover mulch film, during epiphragma, mulch film need be close to the ridge face, avoids occurring space;
(3) the ridge body covers after mulch film and educates healthy and strong cigarette seedling by floating seedlings mode or tray seedling growth mode and transplanted; During transplanting, first adopt special-purpose punching device to beat circular hole on the body of the ridge of covering with plastic film; During transplanting, cigarette shoot root section is vertically put into to circular hole down, cigarette seedling lobus cardiacus flushes with aperture, and other blades stretch out aperture;
(4) after the cigarette transplantation of seedlings enters circular hole, along the every hole of hole wall, drench into normal root water, in normal root water, dissolve in and carry seed manure.Sprayed the insecticide control soil insect same day in transplanting;
(5) transplant and looked into seedling after 3～5 days and fill the gaps with seedlings, after 10 days, all the other are topdressed and are watered rear pouring and apply in circular hole, within 15 days, fill up circular hole with the thin Nutrition Soil of self-control afterwards, and by soil sealing for the mulch film mouth, throw off mulch film after 35 days, and in ridging, railway carriage or compartment to ridge height reaches 30cm, and the ridge body is full; Then carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest, the bud picking of pinching in time, ripe rear picking and roasting in time.
In above-mentioned (1) step, the described railway carriage or compartment of opening is undertaken by row spacing 110cm; Described base manure be well-rotted farmyard manure or/and the fermentation cake fertilizer or/and composite fertilizer, the ratio that the amount of basal dressing accounts for total fertilizing amount is: total amount of nitrogen and amount of potassium applied 85%, total phosphorus application amount 100%; High 20～the 25cm in the ridge of described ridging, ridge bottom width 80～85cm; Described soil moisture content abundance refers to that soil moisture content reaches more than 80% of water-retaining quantity among field of soil.
In above-mentioned (2) step, the transparent polyethylene plastic film that described mulch film is thickness 0.008mm, width 1000mm, it act as the raising soil temperature, keeps soil moisture, maintain soil structure, prevent the disease that insect invasion and attack crop and certain micro-organisms cause.
In above-mentioned (3) step, described special-purpose punching device is hand-push type cigarette transplantation of seedlings card punch or foot-operated cigarette transplantation of seedlings card punch; The pitch-row of described circular hole is 55cm, and Circularhole diameter 4.8cm can hold cigarette shoot root section matrix, guarantees that the cigarette seedling can put into circular hole; The circular hole degree of depth is cigarette shoot root section matrix height and cigarette seedling stem height sum; Described transplanting is the cigarette seedling of cultivating according to GB/T 25241 " tobacco intensive seedling production technical regulation " with the cigarette seedling.
In above-mentioned (4) step, described amount 150mL into normal root water ± 10 mL that drench; The described seed manure of carrying is compound the topdressing of the special-purpose nitrogen potassium of tobacco, and its amount of application accounts for 5% of total amount of nitrogen and amount of potassium applied, and the concentration after carrying seed manure and being watered is 2.5g/100mL; Described insecticide is the gamma cyhalothrin insecticides.
In above-mentioned (5) step, described topdressing as compound the topdressing of the special-purpose nitrogen potassium of tobacco, the ratio that its amount of application accounts for total fertilizing amount is: 10% of total amount of nitrogen and amount of potassium applied, the concentration of topdressing after being watered is 5.0g/100mL; The thin Nutrition Soil of described self-control is the Nutrition Soil that the grogs particle diameter is less than 1mm, and this Nutrition Soil is formulated by the raw material of following quality proportioning: in mountain forest, the topsoil of ground 0～8cm accounts for 95%, and fused calcium magnesium phosphate accounts for 4.5%, and potassium sulphate accounts for 0.5%.
The inventor points out: the fertilizing amount that the total fertilizing amount in above-mentioned steps is recommended according to local tobacco company is determined.The inventor also points out: the structure of hand-push type cigarette transplantation of seedlings card punch has been documented in No. 201320404129.X, and it consists of mud storage tube, handle, piston head, piston rod and handle; Handle is two, is separately fixed at mud storage tube top, and left-right symmetry is beneficial to two and holds and operated; There is lid the mud storage tube upper end, and aperture is arranged in lid, and lower end is open; Piston rod and piston head Joint, be linked to be integral body, form a set of piston; Piston head is contained in mud storage tube, and the piston rod upper end is fixedly connected with handle, and lower end penetrates the aperture in the mud storage tube lid, drives piston head and promotes up and down in mud storage tube.The structure of foot-operated cigarette transplantation of seedlings card punch has been documented among No. 201320404236.2 patent applications, and it consists of mud storage tube and piston, handle and pedal; Wherein, handle is welded on the mud storage tube top, is beneficial to hold to be operated; There is lid the mud storage tube upper end, and aperture is arranged in lid, and lower end is open; Piston is comprised of piston rod and piston head, and piston head is in mud storage tube, and piston-rod lower end is fixed on piston head, and aperture and pedal that the upper end of piston rod covers through mud storage tube are affixed, and when foot-operated, piston rod drive piston head moves up and down in mud storage tube.
This method is utilized the advantage of plastic film mulching cultivation, has made up the deficiency of traditional transplanting method, has the following advantages: it is little 1. to transplant Circularhole diameter, less to the destruction of ridge body and institute's covering with plastic film; Earth while 2. punching in circular hole does not compress real effect to soil in hole outside being portalled by band; 3. can reduce transplanting, the link of the topdressing amount of labour used, thereby improve cigarette transplantation of seedlings efficiency; 4. circular hole provides a good environment for tobacco seedling growth, thereby promotes cigarette seedling early growth and quick tiller, improves the tobacco seedling growth regularity; 5. simple to operate, be easy to promote.The present invention is applicable to tobacco planting.
Embodiment
Embodiment: flue-cured tobacco plastic mulching circular hole formula seedling transplant step is as follows:
(1) before flue-cured tobacco transplanting 15～20 days, put kind of a cigarette ground in order, by row spacing, 110cm opens railway carriage or compartment, along center line row replacement well-rotted farmyard manure at the bottom of ridge or/and the fermentation cake fertilizer or/and composite fertilizer makes base manure, the ratio that the amount of basal dressing accounts for total fertilizing amount is: total amount of nitrogen and amount of potassium applied 85%, total phosphorus application amount 100%; Then ridging, the high 20～25cm in ridge, ridge bottom width 80～85cm; Wait for that rainwater supplements ridge body moisture to the soil moisture content abundance, soil moisture content reaches more than 80% of water-retaining quantity among field of soil;
(2) only rear arrangement Mian，Shi ridge, ridge face soil is in small, broken bits for rain; Then the transparent polyethylene plastic film that covers thickness 0.008mm, width 1000mm is made mulch film, to improve soil temperature, keeps soil moisture, maintains soil structure, prevents the disease that insect invasion and attack crop and certain micro-organisms cause; During epiphragma, mulch film need be close to the ridge face, avoids occurring space;
(3) the ridge body covers after mulch film the healthy and strong cigarette seedling of being cultivated according to GB/T 25241 " tobacco intensive seedling production technical regulation " by floating seedlings mode or tray seedling growth mode and is transplanted; During transplanting, first adopt special-purpose punching device to beat circular hole on the body of the ridge of covering with plastic film, the pitch-row of circular hole is 55cm, and Circularhole diameter 4.8cm can hold cigarette shoot root section matrix, guarantees that the cigarette seedling can put into circular hole; The circular hole degree of depth is cigarette shoot root section matrix height and cigarette seedling stem height sum; During transplanting, cigarette shoot root section is vertically put into to circular hole down, cigarette seedling lobus cardiacus flushes with aperture, and other blades stretch out aperture;
(4) after the cigarette transplantation of seedlings enters circular hole, drench along the every hole of hole wall into 150mL ± 10 mL normal root water, dissolve in compound the topdressing of the special-purpose nitrogen potassium of tobacco in normal root water and carry seed manure, its amount of application accounts for 5% of total amount of nitrogen and amount of potassium applied, and the concentration after carrying seed manure and being watered is 2.5g/100mL; And sprayed gamma cyhalothrin insecticides control soil insect the same day in transplanting;
(5) transplant and looked into seedling after 3～5 days and fill the gaps with seedlings, after 10 days, compound the topdressing of the special-purpose nitrogen potassium of all the other tobaccos is watered to rear pouring and applies in circular hole, the ratio that its amount of application accounts for total fertilizing amount is: 10% of total amount of nitrogen and amount of potassium applied, and the concentration of topdressing after being watered is 5.0g/100mL; Within 15 days, fill up circular hole with the thin Nutrition Soil of self-control, and, by soil sealing for the mulch film mouth, after 35 days, throw off mulch film afterwards, and upper railway carriage or compartment to the ridge of ridging height reaches 30cm, and the ridge body is full; Then carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest, the bud picking of pinching in time, ripe rear picking and roasting in time.
The fertilizing amount that total fertilizing amount in above-mentioned steps is recommended according to local tobacco company is determined.
Claims (7)
1. a flue-cured tobacco plastic mulching transplanting method, its feature comprises the following steps:
(1) before flue-cured tobacco transplanting 15～20 days, put kind of a cigarette ground in order, open center line bar basal dressing at the bottom of ，Yan ridge, railway carriage or compartment, then ridging, wait for that rainwater supplements ridge body moisture to the soil moisture content abundance;
(2) only rear arrangement Mian，Shi ridge, ridge face soil is in small, broken bits for rain; Then cover mulch film, during epiphragma, mulch film need be close to the ridge face, avoids occurring space;
(3) the ridge body covers after mulch film and educates healthy and strong cigarette seedling by floating seedlings mode or tray seedling growth mode and transplanted: first adopt special-purpose punching device to beat circular hole on the body of the ridge of covering with plastic film; Cigarette shoot root section is vertically put into to circular hole down, and cigarette seedling lobus cardiacus flushes with aperture, and other blades stretch out aperture;
(4) after the cigarette transplantation of seedlings enters circular hole, along hole wall, drench into normal root water, in normal root water, dissolve in and carry seed manure.
2. sprayed the insecticide control soil insect same day in transplanting;
(5) transplant and looked into seedling after 3～5 days and fill the gaps with seedlings, after 10 days, all the other are topdressed and are watered rear pouring and apply in circular hole, within 15 days, fill up circular hole with the thin Nutrition Soil of self-control afterwards, and by soil sealing for the mulch film mouth, throw off mulch film after 35 days, and in ridging, railway carriage or compartment to ridge height reaches 30cm, and the ridge body is full; Then carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest, the bud picking of pinching in time, ripe rear picking and roasting in time.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in (1) step, and the described railway carriage or compartment of opening is undertaken by row spacing 110cm; Described base manure be well-rotted farmyard manure or/and the fermentation cake fertilizer or/and composite fertilizer, the ratio that the amount of basal dressing accounts for total fertilizing amount is: total amount of nitrogen and amount of potassium applied 85%, total phosphorus application amount 100%; High 20～the 25cm in the ridge of described ridging, ridge bottom width 80～85cm; Described soil moisture content abundance refers to that soil moisture content reaches more than 80% of water-retaining quantity among field of soil.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in (2) step, the transparent polyethylene plastic film that described mulch film is thickness 0.008mm, width 1000mm.
5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in (3) step, and described special-purpose punching device is hand-push type cigarette transplantation of seedlings card punch or foot-operated cigarette transplantation of seedlings card punch; The pitch-row of described circular hole is 55cm, and Circularhole diameter 4.8cm can hold cigarette shoot root section matrix, guarantees that the cigarette seedling can put into circular hole; The circular hole degree of depth is cigarette shoot root section matrix height and cigarette seedling stem height sum; Described transplanting is the cigarette seedling of being cultivated according to GB/T 25241 " tobacco intensive seedling production technical regulation " with the cigarette seedling.
6. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in (4) step, and described amount of drenching into normal root water is 150mL ± 10 mL; The described seed manure of carrying is compound the topdressing of the special-purpose nitrogen potassium of tobacco, and its amount of application accounts for 5% of total amount of nitrogen and amount of potassium applied, and the concentration after carrying seed manure and being watered is 2.5g/100mL; Described insecticide is the gamma cyhalothrin insecticides.
7. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that in (5) step, described topdressing as compound the topdressing of the special-purpose nitrogen potassium of tobacco, the ratio that its amount of application accounts for total fertilizing amount is: 10% of total amount of nitrogen and amount of potassium applied, the concentration of topdressing after being watered is 5.0g/100mL; The thin Nutrition Soil of described self-control is the Nutrition Soil that the grogs particle diameter is less than 1mm, and this Nutrition Soil is formulated by the raw material of following quality proportioning: in mountain forest, the topsoil of ground 0～8cm accounts for 95%, and fused calcium magnesium phosphate accounts for 4.5%, and potassium sulphate accounts for 0.5%.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103782788A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-05-14 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Double-row concave type combined ridge tobacco transplant method |
| CN103858652A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-06-18 | 安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司 | Flue-cured tobacco two-stage type transplanting method under large-scale planting condition |
| CN104402655A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-03-11 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Sealing nutrient soil used for well-cellar flue-cured tobacco transplanting and preparation method for sealing nutrient soil |
| CN104956891A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-10-07 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Under-film well cellar type seedling transplant method of cured tobacco |
| CN104996156A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-10-28 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco deep-planting method adopting small holes formed in shallow pits and pit digging and hole punching integrated tool |
| CN105284403A (en) * | 2015-11-29 | 2016-02-03 | 贵州省辣椒研究所 | Simplified field planting method and tool for pepper |
| CN107896899A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-04-13 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A kind of fertilizing method that can be effectively improved flue-cured tobacco middle and later periods low magnesium stress |
| CN108293814A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-07-20 | 河南在田农业科技有限公司 | One grows tobacco rich water medicine integrated management method |
| CN109601091A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-04-12 | 湖北省烟草公司襄阳市公司 | A kind of flue-cured tobacco potash fertilizer topdressing method and top dressing device |
| CN110089381A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-08-06 | 湖南省烟草公司湘西自治州公司 | A kind of film, which is gone into the well, stores formula tobacco seedlings method for transplanting |
| CN110122262A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-08-16 | 吉安市烟草公司峡江分公司 | A kind of tobacco Nutrition Soil and its preparation method |
| CN110291950A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-10-01 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | A three-dimensional transplanting method of tobacco based on liquid plastic film |
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| CN103782788A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-05-14 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Double-row concave type combined ridge tobacco transplant method |
| CN103858652A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-06-18 | 安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司 | Flue-cured tobacco two-stage type transplanting method under large-scale planting condition |
| CN104402655A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-03-11 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Sealing nutrient soil used for well-cellar flue-cured tobacco transplanting and preparation method for sealing nutrient soil |
| CN104956891B (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-11-07 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | A kind of flue-cured tobacco film is gone into the well cellar for storing things formula young seedling transplanting method |
| CN104956891A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-10-07 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Under-film well cellar type seedling transplant method of cured tobacco |
| CN104996156A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-10-28 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco deep-planting method adopting small holes formed in shallow pits and pit digging and hole punching integrated tool |
| CN104996156B (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2018-07-06 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | The shallow nest of flue-cured tobacco covers small hole depth cultivating method and draws nest punching integrated tool |
| CN105284403A (en) * | 2015-11-29 | 2016-02-03 | 贵州省辣椒研究所 | Simplified field planting method and tool for pepper |
| CN108293814A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-07-20 | 河南在田农业科技有限公司 | One grows tobacco rich water medicine integrated management method |
| CN107896899A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-04-13 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A kind of fertilizing method that can be effectively improved flue-cured tobacco middle and later periods low magnesium stress |
| CN109601091A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-04-12 | 湖北省烟草公司襄阳市公司 | A kind of flue-cured tobacco potash fertilizer topdressing method and top dressing device |
| CN110089381A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-08-06 | 湖南省烟草公司湘西自治州公司 | A kind of film, which is gone into the well, stores formula tobacco seedlings method for transplanting |
| CN110089381B (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2021-12-10 | 湖南省烟草公司湘西自治州公司 | Membrane underground pit type tobacco seedling transplanting method |
| CN110122262A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-08-16 | 吉安市烟草公司峡江分公司 | A kind of tobacco Nutrition Soil and its preparation method |
| CN110291950A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-10-01 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | A three-dimensional transplanting method of tobacco based on liquid plastic film |
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Application publication date: 20131204 |