CN103380360A - 水电涡轮机测试方法 - Google Patents

水电涡轮机测试方法 Download PDF

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CN103380360A
CN103380360A CN2011800625869A CN201180062586A CN103380360A CN 103380360 A CN103380360 A CN 103380360A CN 2011800625869 A CN2011800625869 A CN 2011800625869A CN 201180062586 A CN201180062586 A CN 201180062586A CN 103380360 A CN103380360 A CN 103380360A
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保罗·顿纳
詹姆斯·艾夫斯
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Openhydro IP Ltd
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Abstract

一种在将水电涡轮机安装并固定在海床上之前测试水电涡轮机的方法，以确保按期望地操作涡轮机，该方法包括，将涡轮机固定至船，并移动船通过水，以在监测涡轮机的一个或多个操作参数的同时，实现旋转。

Description

水电涡轮机测试方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种水电涡轮机测试方法，其允许通过模拟通过涡轮机的潮汐水流而在最后布置于海床上之前来测试涡轮机。
背景技术
对环境的关注日益增加以及不希望依赖于不可再生能源，已经导致更多地使用可再生能量系统，例如，太阳能、风能、热能和潮汐能。潮汐能涉及在潮汐流的区域中安装涡轮发电机，并将潮汐能转换成电能。
将这种水电涡轮发电机定位在潮汐流的区域中，从而，海水通过发电机的运动作用于叶片上，导致转子在定子内的旋转。磁体相对于定子的线圈的运动导致磁体所产生的磁场在每个线圈中感应EMF。这些感应的EMF从涡轮发电机提供电能输出。
利用潮汐能作为动力会对涡轮机的维护提出重大挑战，以确保苛刻的水下环境中连续且有效的操作。水下涡轮发电机的安装和拆卸（decommissioning）相对昂贵，并且，在系统中的各种部件上执行常规维护是不经济的。
另外，为了在经济上可行，必须将这些涡轮机建造为大尺度。结果，涡轮机和相关的基部/支撑部是大且重的部件，并需要大型提升和运输设备来实现布置。使用这种重型提升设备通常是危险的，并且，当在海上操作此设备时，甚至是更危险的。
由于市场上缺少适当的船和设备来执行这种工作，并且相关潜水者在大潮汐流位置中非常危险，所以会使安装过程进一步复杂。
因此，本发明的一个目的是，提供一种在将涡轮机安装并固定在海床上之前测试水电涡轮机的方法，以确保涡轮机按照预期操作。然后，这将减小在出现故障的情况中必须突然从海床收回水电涡轮机的可能性，如上所述，这是昂贵的、耗时的且技术上存在挑战的操作。
发明内容
根据本发明，提供一种测试水电涡轮机的方法，水电涡轮机包括定子和被容纳为在定子内旋转的转子，该方法包括以下步骤：
将涡轮机固定至运输船；
将涡轮机和船运输至开阔水面；
定位该涡轮机，使得至少转子位于水下；以及
移动运输船和涡轮机，使其通过水，以实现转子的旋转。
优选地，该方法包括步骤：在将涡轮机运输至开阔水面之前，将涡轮机固定在运输船的下方。
优选地，该方法包括步骤：在移动船和涡轮机通过水的步骤之前，降低涡轮机使其远离船。
优选地，该方法包括步骤：当移动船和涡轮机通过水时，记录和/或分析来自涡轮机的操作数据。
优选地，该方法包括步骤：将来自涡轮机的操作数据无线地发送至数据记录器/分析器。
优选地，该方法包括步骤：改变拖曳涡轮机通过水的速度。
优选地，该方法包括，在改变速度的步骤中，改变速度以模拟涡轮机在使用过程中可能受到的潮汐速度的变化。
优选地，该方法包括，在移动涡轮机使其通过水的步骤中，在第一方向上移动涡轮机通过水，然后，在与第一方向相反的第二方向上移动涡轮机通过水。
优选地，该方法包括，在移动运输船和涡轮机通过水以实现转子的旋转的步骤中，在没有与涡轮机连接的电负载的情况下，移动船和涡轮机。
优选地，该方法包括，在移动运输船和涡轮机通过水以实现转子的旋转的步骤中，在具有与涡轮机连接的电负载的情况下，移动船和涡轮机。
优选地，该方法包括步骤：分析操作数据，以确定通过涡轮机的水流的速度与涡轮机的一个或多个操作参数之间的关系。
优选地，该方法包括步骤：分析操作数据，以确定通过涡轮机的水流的速度与转子的角速度之间的关系。
优选地，该方法包括步骤：分析操作数据，以确定通过涡轮机的水流的速度与涡轮机产生的功率之间的关系。
优选地，该方法包括步骤：分析操作数据，以确定通过涡轮机的水流的速度与涡轮机的电特性之间的关系。
优选地，该方法包括步骤：用多个主线绳和相应的副线绳，将涡轮机和基部固定至船。
附图说明
图1示出了悬挂在布置船（deployment vessel）下方的基部安装的水电涡轮机的透视图；
图2示出了图1所示的布置的侧视图。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图，描述并示出了一种用于测试水电涡轮机10的方法，在所示实施方式中，通过以下方式将水电涡轮机10安装至基部12，在使用中，以已知方式将涡轮机10定位并固定在海床上的适当位置中。如将变得显然的，本发明的方法允许，在将涡轮机10最后布置在海床上之前，使水电涡轮机10经历操作模拟和测试，从而，在进行最后的海床布置处理之前，确保涡轮机10按预期操作。
在所示实施方式中，基部12包括三角形框架14，其具有三个腿部16，但是从本发明的方法的以下描述中将理解，基部12是一个示例性实施方式，并且，可以是任何其他形状和/或结构。
为了执行涡轮机10的测试，将基部12和涡轮机10安装在船18的下方，优选地，船18是与在涡轮机10和基部12的最后海床布置中将使用的相同的船。因此，在测试开始之前，首先必须将涡轮机10和基部12安装在船18上的适当位置。这可能以许多种方式来实现，例如，取决于当地可获得的设备。还将理解，不需要将涡轮机10直接安装在船的下方，其可位于任何其他适当位置和/或方位中，这些位置和/或方位将允许，为了如上所述的测试目的而将涡轮机10定位在水中。
船18设置有绞盘（未示出）形式的承载装置，每个绞盘可用来将基部12升高至船18下方的位置中，从而，涡轮机10通过入口20伸出，入口20限定在船18的一对浮筒22和交叉件24之间。在测试过程中，优选地，用一对线绳（主线绳26和拖曳测试备用线绳28）将基部12在每个腿部16处固定至船18。将每条主线绳26缠绕在相应的绞盘（未示出）上，因此，主线绳26用来降低涡轮机10和基部12，使其远离船14，到达所需的测试深度。优选地，将拖曳测试备用线绳28连接在船18上的固定点和基部12上的适当位置（例如，相应的腿部16）之间，并且，拖曳测试备用线绳28的长度为，当涡轮机10和基部12处于正确的测试深度时，完全延伸。然而，涡轮机10和基部12的主负载由主线绳26支承，将一部分负载传递至拖曳测试备用线绳28上。这样，拖曳测试备用线绳28将处于张力之下，并将完全延伸。因此，在一条或多条主线绳26出现故障的情况中，涡轮机10和基部12将由完全延伸的拖曳测试备用线绳28支撑，从而将保持在相同的深度。由于拖曳测试备用线绳28已经处于张力状态下，所以，在一条或多条主线绳26出现故障的情况中，拖曳测试备用线绳28上的“回弹（bounce back）”将很小至没有。
通过将基部12安全地固定在船18的下方，可将船18和涡轮机10运输至开阔水面，以开始测试。为此，船18可包含其自己的推进源，但是，在所示实施方式中，将船18系在图1中用T示出的拖船上，然后，可用拖船将船18和涡轮机10拖出至开阔水面。
一旦船18位于开阔水面中，便用绞盘（未示出）降低基部12和涡轮机10，使其远离船18，使得涡轮机10完全位于水下，优选地，位于船18的底面下方的适当距离处，以减小或消除来自船18产生的湍流的干扰，其可能另外影响所获得的结果。优选地，在船18静止的同时，降低涡轮机10，使其远离船18，但是当然将理解，可在船18运动的同时降低涡轮机10。然后，可用拖船T来拖曳船18，并由此拖曳水下的涡轮机10，使其以所需速度通过水，从而测试涡轮机10的操作。例如，可以2至3节的速度拖曳船18，使其通过水，同时监测涡轮机10的操作。可改变此速度，以模拟将最后布置涡轮机10和基部12的位置处的主要条件。
另外，在测试过程中，可在监测各种操作参数的同时，在第一方向上移动涡轮机10，使其通过水，然后，在与第一方向相反的第二方向上移动，使其通过水，以模拟当最后布置在海床上时涡轮机10将经历的潮汐流的反向。可以将非常接近涡轮机10将经历的潮汐流方向的变化的方式，实现从第一方向到第二方向的变化。
在测试过程中，由此可使涡轮机10（特别是功率端子（未示出））保持开路，或者，可将其与电负载连接，以允许涡轮机10产生电，从而模拟涡轮机10的最后安装在海床上的操作。电负载可位于涡轮机10、基部12、船18上，或任何其他适当的位置。
因此，优选地，当移动船18和涡轮机10使其通过水时，分析和/或记录自动测量记录传导数据和其他操作数据，诸如，来自涡轮机10的电特性/功率输出、涡轮机10的转子的旋转速度或角速度，等等。因此，船18可设置有适当的设备，以允许操作数据的这种此监测/记录。因此，在涡轮机10和/或基部12与所述分析/记录设备之间提供数据连接。此数据连接可经由实体电缆30，或通过无线连接（诸如，海底声调制解调器（未示出））。
因此，通过移动涡轮机10使其通过水，可模拟通过涡轮机10的潮汐水流，并且，在各种速度下，以模拟涡轮机10在正常操作条件下将经历的潮汐速度的变化。因此，该测试可提供有用的信息，诸如，涡轮机10的启动速度、通过涡轮机10的各种水流速下产生的功率、以及当使船18停止时涡轮机10的停止速度/时间。然后，可分析此数据，以确定通过涡轮机10的水流的速度和涡轮机10的一个或多个操作参数之间的关系。该测试还可表明其他与涡轮机10的操作相关的问题，诸如，流过涡轮机10和在涡轮机10周围流动的水的水力行为，该信息可能是有利的，不管是在涡轮机10的最后布置和继续操作的过程中，还是为了其他目的。
因此，将理解，本发明的方法提供一种在开始完全海床安装之前测试大型水电涡轮机10的方式。

Claims (15)

1.一种测试水电涡轮机的方法，所述水电涡轮机包括定子和容纳在所述定子内以便旋转的转子，所述方法包括步骤：
将所述涡轮机固定至运输船；
将所述涡轮机和所述船运输至开阔水面；
定位所述涡轮机，使得至少所述转子位于水下；以及
移动所述运输船和所述涡轮机通过水，以实现所述转子的旋转。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，包括步骤：在将所述涡轮机运输至所述开阔水面之前，将所述涡轮机固定在所述运输船下方。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，包括步骤：在移动所述船和所述涡轮机通过水的步骤之前，使所述涡轮机降低远离所述船。
4.根据任一前述权利要求所述的方法，包括步骤：当移动所述船和所述涡轮机通过水时，记录和/或分析来自所述涡轮机的操作数据。
5.根据任一前述权利要求所述的方法，包括步骤：将来自所述涡轮机的所述操作数据无线地发送至数据记录器/分析器。
6.根据任一前述权利要求所述的方法，包括步骤：改变拖曳所述涡轮机通过水的速度。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，该方法包括：在改变所述速度的步骤中，改变所述速度以模拟所述涡轮机在使用过程中将会受到的潮汐速度的变化。
8.根据任一前述权利要求所述的方法，该方法包括：在移动所述船和所述涡轮通过水的步骤中，在第一方向上移动所述涡轮机通过水，然后，在与所述第一方向相反的第二方向上移动所述涡轮机通过水。
9.根据任一前述权利要求所述的方法，该方法包括：在移动所述运输船和所述涡轮机通过水以实现所述转子的旋转的步骤中，在不具有与所述涡轮机连接的电负载的情况下移动所述船和所述涡轮机。
10.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法，该方法包括：在移动所述运输船和所述涡轮机通过水以实现所述转子的旋转的步骤中，在具有与所述涡轮机连接的电负载的情况下移动所述船和所述涡轮机。
11.根据权利要求4至10中任一项所述的方法，包括步骤：分析所述操作数据，以确定通过所述涡轮机的水流的速度与所述涡轮机的一个或多个操作参数之间的关系。
12.根据权利要求4至10中任一项所述的方法，包括步骤：分析所述操作数据，以确定通过所述涡轮机的水流的速度与所述转子的角速度之间的关系。
13.根据权利要求4至10中任一项所述的方法，包括步骤：分析所述操作数据，以确定通过所述涡轮机的水流的速度与所述涡轮机产生的能量之间的关系。
14.根据权利要求4至10中任一项所述的方法，包括步骤：分析所述操作数据，以确定通过所述涡轮机的水流的速度与所述涡轮机的电特性之间的关系。
15.根据任一前述权利要求所述的方法，包括步骤：用多个主线绳和相应副线绳，将所述涡轮机和基部固定至所述船。
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