CN101657633B - 安装水下潮汐水电涡轮机的方法 - Google Patents

安装水下潮汐水电涡轮机的方法 Download PDF

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CN101657633B
CN101657633B CN2008800117658A CN200880011765A CN101657633B CN 101657633 B CN101657633 B CN 101657633B CN 2008800117658 A CN2008800117658 A CN 2008800117658A CN 200880011765 A CN200880011765 A CN 200880011765A CN 101657633 B CN101657633 B CN 101657633B
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詹姆斯·艾夫斯
保罗·顿纳
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Openhydro Group Ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
    • E02D15/08—Sinking workpieces into water or soil inasmuch as not provided for elsewhere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • F03B13/264—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy using the horizontal flow of water resulting from tide movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F03B17/061—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially in flow direction
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于将水电涡轮机安装在海床上的配置位置处的方法，该方法涉及用多条绳索将涡轮机和相关基座从船降到海床上，并且同时对来自基座/涡轮机的遥测进行分析，一旦基座/涡轮机位于海床上，则使用这些绳索将船系到基座/涡轮机上。

Description

安装水下潮汐水电涡轮机的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种将水电涡轮机安装到海床上的方法，具体地，涉及一种使得水电涡轮机在安装前能够被预装在基座上的方法，因此极大地简化了安装过程。
背景技术
由于矿物燃料的燃烧而在地球上造成的环境破坏，可再生能源终于开始得到了重点关注，许多有关太阳能、风能和潮汐能的项目正得以开发。在这些可供选择的能源形式中，潮汐能可被认为是最具吸引力的，因为潮汐流是完全可预测的并且是恒定的，其与风能或太阳能不同，风能或太阳能相对来说是间歇性的并且因此可靠程度低。
但是，利用潮汐能也是一种挑战，特别是在潮汐能发电机(例如水电涡轮机)的安装和维护方面存在挑战，这是由于潮汐能发电机特别的操作性质导致潮汐能发电机必须设置于较快速流动的潮汐流中，并且很可能设置于海床上。此外，为了经济上的可行性，这些涡轮机必须大规模地建造。结果涡轮机和相关的基座/支承件都成为巨大笨重的部件，并且为了实现配置需要重型的起吊和运送设备。使用这种重型起吊设备通常是非常危险的作业，当在处于非常困难且不稳定的条件下的海上操作这些设备就变得更加危险。另外，这种潮汐产生设备的大部分安装包括：作为第一安装阶段，将一个或多个桩固定于海床；然后作为第二阶段，将一个或多个涡轮机安装于桩上。使桩沉入到高潮汐流区域的海床中是个大难题并且通常是危险的操作。另外，必须将大的钻探和打桩设备运输到安装地并在安装地进行操作，大大地增加了复杂性以及操作成本。
由于市场上用于执行这种钻进工程的合适船和设备的日益缺乏以及潜水员在高速潮汐流位置作业的高风险性，这就使安装过程进一步复杂化。
如上所述，用这种又大又重的设备在海上作业是危险且耗时的操作，任何能够用来简化该任务和/或减少花费的时间的方法均非常有利。
因此已研发了本发明，本发明旨在简化水电涡轮机的配置，并且其方法允许配置已预先安装在基座上的水电涡轮机。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种将基座和水电涡轮机安装在海床上的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
将涡轮机连接至基座；
用配置船将基座和涡轮机运送到配置位置；
将基座从船上降到海床上；
使船保持系在基座上；
确定安装的适宜性；以及
将船与基座分开。
优选地，该方法包括借助于从配置船供给的多条下降绳索降下基座。
优选地，该方法包括以下步骤：一旦将基座放置在海床上，则松弛下降绳索的供给。
优选地，该方法包括将基座降到流动水中的海床上。
优选地，该方法包括将基座降到潮汐流、洋流或流动的河中的海床上。
优选地，该方法包括逆着流动水基本保持配置船的位置的步骤。
优选地，该方法包括在基座和/或涡轮机最终放置于海床上之前接收来自基座和/或涡轮机的遥测的步骤。
优选地，该方法在运输步骤中包括将配置船拖到配置位置。
优选地，该方法包括以下步骤：在使船与基座之间的下降绳索松弛后，使拖船与配置船之间的拖绳松弛。
优选地，该方法在确定安装的适宜性的步骤中包括：当基座和/或涡轮机位于海床上时，接收来自基座和/或涡轮机的遥测。
优选地，该方法在降下步骤中包括：从船的正下方降下基座。
优选地，该方法包括以下步骤：在将基座从船上降下之前，将基座系到配置位置上游的锚上。
优选地，该方法包括以下步骤：在将船与基座分开之前，至少部分地将基座升离海床并且重新定位该基座。
当用在文中时，名词“海床”意为包含海床以及诸如河床等任何适当水体的基底或底部。
附图说明
图1示出了在其上运载有基座和涡轮机且已被拖到配置位置的配置船的示意图；
图2示出了图1的船，其中将基座和涡轮机朝向海床降下；
图3示出了在将基座和涡轮机放置在海床上后图1和2的布置；
图4示出了从海床收回基座和涡轮机后图3的布置；以及
图5示出了已经与配置船分开以开始工作的基座和涡轮机。
具体实施方式
现在参照附图，将描述且示出将水电涡轮机10以及相关的基座12安装到海床B上配置位置S处的方法。在示出的实施例中，利用配置船14将涡轮机10和基座12运送到配置位置S。在该优选的实施例中，船14本身不具有推进工具，因此使用拖船T将船14拖到配置位置S。但是将理解，船14可以装备有诸如舷内或舷外马达等(未示出)的推进工具，在这种情况下，拖船T的使用可以被省去。因此，拖船T的使用不是本发明方法的必要元素。另外，尽管涡轮机10、基座12和船14每个都被示为具体的设计或构形，但是应理解，这些只是实例，并且不是本发明的安装方法所必需的。
在进入配置位置S之前，优选将船14拖到受保护的位置，诸如附近的港湾或类似地点，以便等待适于配置涡轮机10的恰当的潮汐条件。用于配置的优选潮速为退潮，尽管将理解这些条件不是配置方法所必需的，而且只是为本发明的安装方法提供理想的工作条件。如将从以下描述中变得明显，在退潮期间进行配置的益处之一在于如果要中途停止安装，则为涡轮机10和基座12在“憩潮”期间返回到表面提供了时间。另外，退潮会将船14保持为面向潮水的正确方向，以使当将涡轮机10降至海床B时，涡轮机10也面向潮水以获得最大的工作效率。
一旦出现优选的潮汐条件，就将船14拖到配置位置S上方。在此点处，拖船T面向退潮F，并且使拖船T的速度配合为与潮水的速度尽可能地接近，以便使船14的位置保持在点S上方。现在，准备将涡轮机10和基座12从船14上释放。但是设想，可以将涡轮机10从基座12上省略，因此，将基座12单独降至海床B。之后需要将涡轮机10适当地放置并固定到基座12上。
基座12包括框架16，在示出的实施例中，该框架能够被固定在船14的下侧，基座12具有从框架16向下延伸的三条腿17。基座12还包括从框架16向上突出的一对支承件18。船14适于使支承件18向上突出得穿过船14，涡轮机10适当地固定到支承件18上。多个(在示出的实施例中三个)绞盘20安装在船14上并固定于框架16以用于相对于船14起升和降下基座12。锁定装置(未示出)优选安装在基座12和/或船14上，以便使基座12牢固地锁定到船14的下侧。但是，绞盘20本身可兼作该锁定装置。
参见图2，一旦船14定位在位置S上方，则释放锁定装置(未示出)，并且之后可使用绞盘20开始朝向海床B降下基座12和涡轮机10。在示出的实施例中，涡轮机10可直接穿过船14，因此使基座12和涡轮机10可以从船14的正下方降下，提供了降下过程中显著的稳定性。每个绞盘20送出各自的连接至基座12的下降绳索22，以便朝向海床B(具体地朝向安装位置S)降下基座12。传统地，当从海船上降下所述部件时，必须使用悬于船的侧部的起重机或类似的臂式吊车(未示出)。该种布置因起重机和悬于其上的部件的力矩(moment)而固有地较不稳定。
一旦将基座12放置到接近海床B(而未接触到海床B)，则使用基座12和/或涡轮机10上的传感器(未示出)来接收来自基座12的遥测。尤为优选的是，传感器(未示出)适用于向优选地位于配置船14上的协调安装的人员提供视频、位置和深度信息。一旦该遥测信息被认为处于可接受的参数范围内，则可将该基座12完全降到海床B上。传感器(未示出)将再次提供遥测以指示基座12实际与海床B接触的时间。
参见图3，在从每个绞盘20上松开额外长度的下降绳索22(例如松开另外5米绳索22)的同时，拖船现在试图逆着退潮F将配置船14保持在位。由于绳索22上的松弛，基座12将牢固地定位在海床B上，并且之后拖船T放松固定在拖船T与船14之间的拖绳L以产生拖绳L上的松弛。该布置使基座12起到用于将船14拴到其上的锚的作用。用这种方式，在保持与船14连接的同时，在涡轮机10和基座12的重量下，使得基座12完全定位在海床B上。无论之后因任何原因需要将涡轮机10和基座12升离海床B，船14和基座12之间的连接都会简化该过程。
因为现在基座12和涡轮机10上没有外部载荷，所以基座12应牢固地定位在海床B上。在该安装阶段期间，重要的是拖船T不要在拖绳L上施加任何载荷。此时，从基座12取得遥测并研究该遥测以确认基座12要如何落在海床B上。
参见图4，如果遥测显示基座12没有定位在在认可的参数(例如位置、方向、倾斜、深度等)的范围内，则可以快速且容易地用绞盘20起升并重新定位基座12和涡轮机10。收紧下降绳索22的松弛，随后使用绞盘20来将基座12拖离海床B以重新定位。在该过程中，再次用拖船T逆着退潮稳固地保持船14的位置。一旦已经提升起基座12，可用拖船T将船14移动到新的位置，在该位置处，可如上文所述那样将基座12重新定位在海床B上。如果在放置基座12期间在有效窗或认可的参数内不能完成安装的话，则基座12和涡轮机10可完全起升回位并连接至船14以被拖回到海港。
在优选的布置中，如此降下基座12，即，使得前腿17在两条后腿17之前接触海床B。这是通过从前面的绞盘20供给稍多的下降绳索22而实现的。一旦前腿17接触海床B，则其可用作枢轴，基座12可在该枢轴上旋转以便可以改变基座12的方向。通过移动船14，可纠正基座12的方向，一旦完成，则可将两个后腿17降到海床B上。
参见图5，假设基座12在认可的参数范围内定位在海床B上，每个下降绳索22可从基座12与船14之间断开，因此使基座12和涡轮机10置于配置位置S以开始工作。之后拖船T可将空船14拖回到海港。
通过使用锚(未示出)在降到海床B上期间稳定基座12可对上述安装方法进行改进。具体地，锚将被放置在海床上安装位置的上游，并将优选地装备有系在其上的浮标以使基座12在固定至船14的同时可以连接至锚。一旦将船定位在配置位置的上方，基座则(例如通过前腿17)被系到锚上。因此，当朝向海床B降下基座12时，位于基座12上游的锚将帮助保持基座12的正确方向。
因此，本发明提供了一种用于将水电涡轮机10和基座12安装到海床B上的方法，该方法使得能够在断开配置船14前检查安装。

Claims (13)

1.一种将基座(12)和水电涡轮机(10)安装到海床上的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
将所述涡轮机(10)连接至所述基座(12)；
用配置船(14)将所述基座(12)和所述涡轮机(10)运送到配置位置；
将所述基座(12)从所述配置船(14)降下到所述海床上；
使所述配置船(14)保持系于所述基座(12)；
确定安装的适宜性；以及
将所述配置船(14)与所述基座(12)分开。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，包括借助于从所述配置船(14)供给的多条下降绳索(22)降下所述基座(12)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，包括以下步骤：一旦将所述基座(12)放置在海床上，供给松弛的所述下降绳索(22)。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，包括将所述基座(12)降到流动水中的海床上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，包括将所述基座(12)降到潮汐流、洋流或流动的河中的海床上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，包括逆着流动水基本保持所述配置船(14)的位置的步骤。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，包括在最终定位在海床上之前接收来自所述基座(12)和/或涡轮机(10)的遥测的步骤。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，在运送步骤中包括：将所述配置船(14)拖到配置位置。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，包括以下步骤：在使所述配置船(14)与所述基座(12)之间的下降绳索(22)松弛后，使拖船与所述配置船(14)之间的拖绳松弛。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，在确定安装的适宜性的步骤中包括：当所述基座(12)和/或所述涡轮机(10)位于所述海床上时，接收来自所述基座(12)和/或所述涡轮机(10)的遥测。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法，在降下步骤中包括：从所述配置船(14)的正下方降下所述基座(12)。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法，包括以下步骤：在从所述配置船(14)上降下所述基座(12)之前，将所述基座(12)系于所述配置位置上游的锚上。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法，包括以下步骤：在将所述配置船(14)与所述基座(12)分开之前，至少部分地将所述基座(12)升离海床并且重新定位所述基座。
CN2008800117658A 2007-04-11 2008-04-11 安装水下潮汐水电涡轮机的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN101657633B (zh)

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AU2008238282A1 (en) 2008-10-23
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NO20093300L (no) 2009-11-09
JP5142412B2 (ja) 2013-02-13
WO2008125286A1 (en) 2008-10-23
CA2683683A1 (en) 2008-10-23
DE602007007294D1 (de) 2010-08-05
CN101657633A (zh) 2010-02-24
KR20100016370A (ko) 2010-02-12
US20100232885A1 (en) 2010-09-16
EP1980746A1 (en) 2008-10-15
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