CN103351478B - 用于邻苯二甲酸酯增塑制剂的替代增塑剂体系 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明是替代增塑剂体系,其从作为主增塑剂的环氧化脂肪酸酯增塑剂和辅助增塑剂制得,或包括前述物质。替代设置体系可以与各种聚合物一起用于如电线电缆绝缘体,电线电缆护套、涂料、粘合剂、和流延体的应用中。
Description
本发明申请是基于申请日为2009年02月12日,申请号为200980113065.4(国际申请号为PCT/US2009/033935),发明名称为“用于邻苯二甲酸酯增塑制剂的替代增塑剂体系”的专利申请的分案申请。
本发明通常涉及聚合物的领域。具体地说,本发明涉及增塑剂,其用于聚合物中以在所得到的聚合物/增塑剂复合物中产生期望的物理特性,如所得到的聚合物复合物中增强的挠性、柔韧性、和可塑性。
例如,增塑剂(如二(2-乙基己基)邻苯二甲酸酯("DEHP")、邻苯二甲酸二异壬基酯("DINP")、和其它邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂)长期是工业标准增塑剂,其与聚合物(如聚氯乙烯("PVC")、聚二氯乙烯("PVDC")、乙烯、和类似聚合物的均聚物和共聚物)和树脂一起使用来赋予柔韧性和可塑性而保持良好的拉伸强度和低温抗龟裂性。例如,邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂与刚性聚合物(如PVC)一起使用来制造柔韧材料,所述材料用于这样的物品,如静脉注射的(IV)袋和管、需要柔软或延展性感觉的模塑儿童玩具、和其中需要赋予聚合物柔韧性或柔软性的各种其它应用。
邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂(如DEHP和DINP)曾是优选的增塑剂,这是由于它们赋予上述物理特性的能力,和它们在聚合物中随时间变化的持久性,即使当暴露于相对高的温度和湿度也是如此。然而,由于对潜在不利于健康的影响的关心,公众的意见已经促使很多消费品的制造商停止使用邻苯二甲酸酯作为增塑剂。因此,减少或消除邻苯二甲酸酯却仍表现与DINP或其它有效的邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂类似的性能的增塑剂组合物,将受到本领域的极大重视。此外,可替代的非邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂(其表现出在广范围的聚合物中的改进持久性以及与广范围的聚合物的高相容性)将受到本领域的极大重视。
用在PVC制剂中的增塑剂的不包含邻苯二甲酸酯的常见实例包括环氧化大豆油。遗憾地是,环氧化大豆油在PVC中的溶解度有限并且不能充分增塑PVC用于很多应用。已经把其它环氧化物看作是潜在的PVC增塑剂,其中其它环氧化物包括从脂肪酸酯制得的环氧化物、2-乙基己醇(2-ethylhexyanol)的环氧化物、和环氧化棕榈油酯。遗憾地是,从脂肪酸酯制得的环氧化物(如环氧化的大豆油甲酯)由于挥发性太强而不能作为有用的PVC增塑剂。
目前,存在对不包含邻苯二甲酸酯的增塑剂的需要,该增塑剂与其它增塑剂相容,适宜地非挥发性的,不基于石油的,并且能够赋予目前使用邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的制剂以热稳定性。进一步期望扩大应用,在所述应用中通过开发新型增塑制剂可以使用PVC、其它卤化聚合物、酸官能化聚合物、酐官能化聚合物、和丁腈橡胶。在一些情况下,可以将增塑剂或增塑剂体系用作除酸剂可能证实是有用的。
由此,提供了本发明的替代增塑剂体系,其包括作为主增塑剂的环氧化脂肪酸酯增塑剂和辅助增塑剂。替代设置体系可以与各种聚合物一起用于如电线电缆绝缘体,电线电缆护套、涂料、粘合剂、和流延体的应用中。
适宜的环氧化脂肪酸酯增塑剂包括环氧化生物柴油和生物柴油的脂肪酸酯的环氧化衍生物。对于本申请的目的,术语“生物柴油”在本申请中表示得自植物油或动物脂肪的长链脂肪酸的单烷基酯。优选的是,生物柴油得自植物油。
同样,优选的是,环氧化脂肪酸酯是脂肪酸甲酯的环氧化物。更通常地,环氧化脂肪酸酯可以是任何环氧化脂肪酸的C1-C14酯,包括乙酯、丙酯、丁酯、和2-乙基己基酯。
环氧化脂肪酸酯可以以多种常规方法制备。例如,可以将天然油用作起始原料。在那种情况下,可以将天然油皂化成脂肪酸,然后用醇进行酯化。接下来,将低分子量的酯环氧化。不饱和酯可以用过酸环氧化。
可替代地,脂肪酸的缩水甘油酯可以经由环氧氯丙烷或相关化学品制备。再在另一种可替代的方案中,可以将甘油三酸酯用醇进行酯交换,然后用过酸将不饱和脂肪酸酯环氧化。
制备脂肪酸甲酯的环氧化物的实例是以大豆油作为起始原料,其中是将大豆油用甲醇进行酯交换来制备油中脂肪酸的甲酯。由于甘油的不溶解性将其从反应产物中移除。使用过乙酸的乙酸乙酯溶液来将脂肪酸的双键环氧化。过酸保持在低于35%的过酸和35摄氏度以防止爆炸。完成之后,经真空汽提,除去乙酸乙酯和产物乙酸。
当与聚合物制成制剂时,主增塑剂的存在量是约0.1~约60份每一百份橡胶。
适宜的辅助增塑剂包括蒸汽压低于环氧化脂肪酸酯的蒸汽压的任何增塑剂。例如,当环氧化脂肪酸酯是脂肪酸甲酯的环氧化物时,适宜的辅助增塑剂优选环氧化大豆油。辅助增塑剂包括环氧化大豆油、环氧化亚麻仁油、和其它植物油的环氧化物、以及常规增塑剂(如基于石油的邻苯二甲酸酯、氯化烃、偏苯三酸酯、和基于磷酸盐的增塑剂)。特别地,当期望阻燃性时,磷酸盐增塑剂是适宜的。
优选地,辅助增塑剂不是邻苯二甲酸酯。因此,优选地替代设置体系(replacement placement system)是不包含邻苯二甲酸酯的。
当与聚合物制成制剂时,辅助增塑剂的存在量是约0.1~约60份每一百份橡胶。优选地,主增塑剂和辅助增塑剂以1:1的比例存在。
使用本发明替代增塑剂体系的适宜的聚合物包括卤化聚合物、酸官能化聚合物、酐官能化聚合物、和丁腈橡胶。优选地,聚合物是卤化聚合物。更优选地,卤化聚合物是PVC聚合物,选自PVC均聚物、PVC共聚物、聚二氯乙烯(PVDC)、以及氯乙烯与乙烯基共聚单体、丙烯酸类共聚单体和其它共聚单体的聚合物。其它适宜的卤化聚合物的实例是卤化聚烯烃和卤化橡胶。
适宜的酸官能化聚合物包括丙烯酸官能化聚合物。特别地,该体系也可以与丙烯酸聚合物和其它聚合物(所述丙烯酸聚合物和其它聚合物需要增塑剂降低玻璃化转变或改进韧性)一起使用。
该制剂可以进一步包括填料、颜料、包含金属离子的稳定剂、UV稳定剂、润滑剂、金属皂、稳定剂的氧化物、附加增塑剂、和加工助剂。
本发明包括:
实施方式1.一种增塑剂体系组合物,包括:
(a)主增塑剂,由环氧化脂肪酸酯增塑剂组成,其中所述环氧化脂肪酸酯增塑剂选自环氧化生物柴油,生物柴油的脂肪酸酯的环氧化衍生物和脂肪酸甲基酯的环氧化物,和
(b)辅助增塑剂,其中所述辅助增塑剂选自环氧化大豆油、环氧化亚麻仁油、其它植物油的环氧化物,
其中所述增塑剂体系不包含邻苯二甲酸酯。
实施方式2.实施方式1中所述的增塑剂体系组合物,其中所述生物柴油得自植物油。
实施方式3.一种增塑聚合物组合物,包括:
(a)聚合物,选自卤化聚合物、酸官能化聚合物、酐官能化聚合物、和丁腈橡胶;和
(b)根据实施方式1~2中任一项所述的增塑剂体系。
实施方式4.实施方式3所述的增塑聚合物组合物,其中所述聚合物是聚氯乙烯(PVC),选自PVC均聚物、PVC共聚物、聚二氯乙烯(PVDC)、和氯乙烯与乙烯基共聚单体、丙烯酸类共聚单体和其它共聚单体的聚合物。
实施方式5.一种电缆,包括一种或多种电导体或一种或多种电导体的芯,每种导体或芯由包括根据实施方式3~4中任一项所述的增塑聚合物组合物的层围绕。
实施例
下面的非限制性实施例阐明本发明。
实施例1和对比例2
简化PVC导线绝缘制剂用主增塑剂和辅助增塑剂制备。使用的PVC是K值为70的Oxychem240F聚氯乙烯均聚物。碳酸钙得自Huber Materials。二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)得自Arkema。环氧化大豆油得自Ferro Corp。
使用常规增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯(DIDP)(得自VWR International)作为主增塑剂制备对比例。本发明的实施例以环氧化生物柴油作为主增塑剂来制备。
所示的各组分的量基于份每百份橡胶(phr)。
目标玻璃化转变温度(Tg)是40-50摄氏度。
表1
实施例3和对比例4
制备简化PVC电缆护套制剂。PVC是K值为70的Oxychem240F聚氯乙烯均聚物。碳酸钙得自Huber Materials。Zn/Ca稳定剂以MARKTM6797Zn/Ca稳定剂得自Chemtura Corporation。抗氧化剂是IRGANOXTM1076单官能的受阻酚类抗氧化剂,得自Ciba Corporation。环氧化大豆油得自FerroCorp。所示的各组分的量基于份每百份橡胶(phr)。
对于老化评估,使各制剂的测试样本经受100摄氏度10天。为达到期望的工业性能,要求初始伸长率的保持率最小为65%。
表2
Claims (5)
1.一种增塑剂体系组合物,包括:
(a)主增塑剂,由环氧化脂肪酸酯增塑剂组成,其中所述环氧化脂肪酸酯增塑剂选自环氧化生物柴油,生物柴油的脂肪酸酯的环氧化衍生物和脂肪酸甲基酯的环氧化物,和
(b)辅助增塑剂,其中所述辅助增塑剂选自环氧化大豆油、环氧化亚麻仁油、其它植物油的环氧化物,
其中所述增塑剂体系不包含邻苯二甲酸酯,其中所述主和辅助增塑剂以1:1的比例存在。
2.权利要求1中所述的增塑剂体系组合物,其中所述生物柴油得自植物油。
3.一种增塑聚合物组合物,包括:
(a)聚合物,选自卤化聚合物、酸官能化聚合物、酐官能化聚合物、和丁腈橡胶;和
(b)根据权利要求1~2中任一项所述的增塑剂体系。
4.权利要求3所述的增塑聚合物组合物,其中所述聚合物是聚氯乙烯(PVC),选自PVC均聚物、PVC共聚物、聚二氯乙烯(PVDC)、和氯乙烯与乙烯基共聚单体、丙烯酸类共聚单体和其它共聚单体的聚合物。
5.一种电缆,包括一种或多种电导体或一种或多种电导体的芯,每种导体或芯由包括根据权利要求3~4中任一项所述的增塑聚合物组合物的层围绕。
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CN201310265582.1A Active CN103351478B (zh) | 2008-02-15 | 2009-02-12 | 用于邻苯二甲酸酯增塑制剂的替代增塑剂体系 |
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JP (1) | JP5261504B2 (zh) |
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CN (2) | CN102007176A (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0905919B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2715287C (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2010008963A (zh) |
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WO2009102877A1 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
JP2011512442A (ja) | 2011-04-21 |
KR20100127216A (ko) | 2010-12-03 |
CA2715287C (en) | 2016-01-05 |
BRPI0905919B1 (pt) | 2019-07-02 |
TW200940609A (en) | 2009-10-01 |
EP2245089B2 (en) | 2019-03-20 |
US20120085568A1 (en) | 2012-04-12 |
BRPI0905919A2 (pt) | 2015-06-23 |
CN103351478A (zh) | 2013-10-16 |
US8557139B2 (en) | 2013-10-15 |
JP5261504B2 (ja) | 2013-08-14 |
EP2245089A1 (en) | 2010-11-03 |
CA2715287A1 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
KR20160030328A (ko) | 2016-03-16 |
MX2010008963A (es) | 2011-02-24 |
EP2245089B1 (en) | 2012-05-16 |
CN102007176A (zh) | 2011-04-06 |
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