CN103281981A - 外科器械安全眼镜或具有可视反馈的外科监视器 - Google Patents

外科器械安全眼镜或具有可视反馈的外科监视器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103281981A
CN103281981A CN201180063595XA CN201180063595A CN103281981A CN 103281981 A CN103281981 A CN 103281981A CN 201180063595X A CN201180063595X A CN 201180063595XA CN 201180063595 A CN201180063595 A CN 201180063595A CN 103281981 A CN103281981 A CN 103281981A
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Prior art keywords
surgery
wireless transmitter
signal
end effector
monitor
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CN201180063595XA
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CN103281981B (zh
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D·W·普莱斯
C·G·金博尔
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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Abstract

一种外科器械，包括容纳无线电路板的柄部组件。所述无线电路板向手术过程中使用所述外科器械的外科医生所佩戴的一副安全眼镜发射信号。所述安全眼镜上的无线端口接收所述信号。在安全眼镜前镜片上的一个或多个照明装置响应于所接收到的信号改变颜色、变暗或发光，以给所述外科医生指示关于所述外科器械的状态的信息。所述照明装置可设置在所述前镜片的周边边缘上以防止所述外科医生的直接视线转移。

Description

外科器械安全眼镜或具有可视反馈的外科监视器
优先权
本专利申请要求于2010年11月5日提交的名称为“Energy-BasedSurgical Instruments”的美国临时申请序列号61/410,603的优先权，该临时申请的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
本专利同时申请要求于2011年5月19日提交的名称为“Energy-BasedSurgical Instruments”的美国临时申请序列号61/487,846的优先权，该临时申请的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
本专利申请同时要求于2011年10月19日提交的名称为“SurgicalInstrument Safety Glasses”的美国非临时申请序列号13/276,687的优先权，该非临时申请的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
背景技术
在一些环境下，内窥镜式外科器械可优于传统的开放式外科装置，因为较小的切口可减少术后恢复时间和并发症。因此，一些内窥镜式外科器械可适于将远端执行器通过套管针的套管放置在所需手术部位处。这些远端执行器（例如，直线切割器、抓紧器、切割器、缝合器、施夹钳、进入装置、药物/基因治疗递送装置、以及使用超声、RF、激光等的能量递送装置）可以多种方式接合组织，以达到诊断或治疗的效果。内窥镜式外科器械可包括轴，所述轴位于端部执行器和由临床医生操纵的柄部部分之间。这种轴可允许插入到所需深度并围绕轴的纵向轴线旋转，由此有利于将端部执行器定位在患者体内。
内窥镜式外科器械的例子包括公开于下述专利中的那些：2006年4月13日公布的名称为“Tissue Pad Use with an Ultrasonic Surgical Instrument”的美国专利公布2006/0079874，该公布的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2007年8月16日公布的名称为“Ultrasonic Device for Cutting andCoagulating”的美国专利公布2007/0191713，该公布的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2007年12月6日公布的名称为“Ultrasonic Waveguide andBlade”的美国专利公布2007/0282333，该公布的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2008年8月21日公布的名称为“Ultrasonic Device for Cutting andCoagulating”的美国专利公布2008/0200940，该公布的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2009年8月20日公布的名称为“Motorized Surgical Cuttingand Fastening Instrument Having Handle Based Power Source”的美国公布2009/0209990，该公布的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；以及2010年3月18日公布的名称为“Ultrasonic Device for Fingertip Control”的美国公布2010/0069940，该公布的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2011年1月20日公布的名称为“Rotating Transducer Mount for Ultrasonic SurgicalInstruments”的美国专利公布2011/0015660，该公布的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2002年12月31日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Systems andTechniques for Sealing Tissue”的美国专利6,500,176，该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2008年8月26日公布的名称为“Motor-Driven SurgicalCutting and Fastening Instrument with Loading Force Feedback”的美国专利7,416,101，该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2010年6月15日公布的名称为“Post-Sterilization Programming of Surgical Instruments”的美国专利7,738,971，该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；以及2011年4月14日公布的名称为“Surgical Instrument Comprising First and Second DriveSystems Actuatable by a Common Trigger Mechanism”的美国专利公布2011/0087218，该公布的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。另外，这些外科工具可包括无线换能器，例如2009年6月4日公布的名称为“Cordless Hand-held Ultrasonic Cautery Cutting Device”的美国专利公布2009/0143797中的无线换能器，该公布的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。另外，外科器械可用于或者可适用于机器人辅助外科装置，例如2004年8月31日公布的名称为“Robotic Surgical Tool with Ultrasound Cauterizing and CuttingInstrument”的美国专利6,783,524中的机器人辅助外科装置，该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
尽管已研制出若干系统和方法并用于外科器械，但据信在本发明人之前还无人研制出或使用所附权利要求中描述的发明。
附图说明
虽然在说明书之后提供了特别指出和清楚地要求保护本技术的权利要求书，但是据信，通过下面结合附图的某些例子的描述，可以更好地理解本发明。附图中类似的参考标号表示相同元件，其中：
图1示出了具有内部电源的示例性医疗装置的示意图；
图2示出了具有内部电源的示例性医疗装置的透视图；
图3示出了显示使用中的图1的外科器械的端部执行器的示例性外科监视器的正视图；
图4示出了示例性发生器和将信号传递给第二手术监视系统的第二无线发射器的第一无线发射器的透视图；
图5示出了在外科手术期间使用图1的示例性外科器械的外科医生的透视图，所述外科医生佩戴一副示例性安全眼镜；
图6示出了图5的安全眼镜的一种型式的透视图；
图7示出了图5的安全眼镜的一种替代型式的正视图；并且
图8示出了图5的安全眼镜的另一种替代型式的正视图。
附图并非意在以任何方式进行限制，并且可以预期本技术的各种实施例可以多种其它方式来执行，包括那些未必在附图中示出的方式。并入本说明书中并构成其一部分的附图示出了本技术的若干方面，并与具体实施方式一起用于说明本技术的原理；然而，应当理解，本技术不限于所示出的明确布置方式。
具体实施方式
本技术的某些实例的下述描述不应用于限制其范围。通过以下举例说明设想用于实施本技术的最佳方式之一的描述，本技术的其它例子、特征、方面、实施例和优点对于本领域技术人员将变得显而易见。应当认识到，本文所述的技术包括不脱离本技术的所有其它的不同和明显方面。因此，附图和具体实施方式应被视为实质上是示例性的，而非限制性的。
I.与可插入或可回收组件一起使用的医疗装置
图1以示意方块图的形式示出了示例性医疗装置10的各组件。如图所示，医疗装置10包括控制模块12、电源14和端部执行器16。仅仅示例性的电源14可以包括镍氢电池、锂离子电池（例如，棱柱状电池型锂离子电池等）、镍铬电池或者任何其它类型的电源，参考本文的教导内容，这对本领域技术人员而言可能是显而易见的。控制模块12可以包括微处理器、专用集成电路（ASIC）、存储器、印刷电路板（PCB）、存储装置（例如固态驱动器或硬盘）、固件、软件或者任何其它合适的控制模块组件，参考本文的教导内容，这对本领域技术人员而言可能是显而易见的。控制模块12和电源14通过诸如缆线和/或电路板中的迹线等的电连接件22联接，以将电力从电源14传递到控制模块12。或者，电源14可选择性地联接到控制模块12。这允许电源14被从医疗装置10拆下和移除，可以进一步允许电源14容易地进行再充电或者回收以供再消毒和重新使用，例如根据本文的各种教导内容。除此之外或者可替代的是，控制模块12可以被移除，以用于维护、测试、更换或其它目的，参考本文的教导内容，这对本领域技术人员而言可能是显而易见的。
端部执行器16通过另一个电连接件22联接到控制模块12。端部执行器16能够执行医疗装置10的期望功能。仅仅以举例的方式，这样的功能可以包括烧灼组织、消融组织、切开组织、超声振动、缝合组织或者用于医疗装置10的任何其它期望的任务。从而，端部执行器16可以包括主动结构，例如超声刀、一对夹紧钳口、尖锐小刀、缝合驱动组件、单级RF电极、一对双极RF电极、加热元件和/或各种其它组件。端部执行器16还可从医疗装置10移除，以用于维护、测试、更换或任何其它目的，参考本文的教导内容，这对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。在一些型式中，端部执行器16是模块化的，使得医疗装置10可以与不同类型的端部执行器一起使用（例如，如序列号为61/410,603的美国临时申请所教导的等）。根据医疗装置10的目的，可以提供端部执行器16的各种其它构型以用于各种不同的功能，参考本文的教导内容，这对本领域技术人员而言可能是显而易见的。相似地，参考本文的教导内容，可从电源14接收电力的其它类型的医疗装置10的组件对本领域技术人员而言将会是显而易见的。
本例子的医疗装置10包括触发器18和传感器20，但是应当理解这样的组件仅仅是可选的。触发器18通过电连接件22联接到控制模块12和电源14。触发器18能够选择性地将电力从电源14提供到端部执行器16（和/或提供到医疗装置10的一些其它组件），以在执行手术时启动医疗装置10。传感器20也通过电连接件22联接到控制模块12并且能够在手术期间向控制模块12提供各种信息。仅以举例的方式，这样的构型可包括感测端部执行器16处的温度或者确定端部执行器16的摆动速率。来自传感器20的数据可以通过控制模块12处理，以实现电力到端部执行器16的递送（例如在反馈回路等中）。根据医疗装置10的目的，可以提供传感器20的各种其它构型，参考本文的教导内容，这对本领域技术人员而言可能是显而易见的。当然，和本文所述的其它组件一样，医疗装置10可以具有不止一个传感器20，或者如果需要传感器20可以简单地被省略。
图2示出了医疗装置10可以采取的仅仅示例性的形式。具体地，图2示出了包括电源110、控制模块120、外壳130、端部执行器140、以及电连接件150的医疗装置100。在本例子中，电源110内置于医疗装置100的外壳130内。作为另外一种选择，电源110可仅仅部分地伸入外壳130内并可选择性的附接于外壳130的一部分。在另一种示例性构型中，外壳130的一部分可伸入电源110中，并且电源110可选择性地附接于外壳130的一部分。电源110也能够与医疗装置100分开并与控制模块120或电连接件150脱离。因此，电源110在一些型式中可从医疗装置100完全分离。仅以举例的方式，电源110可根据2011年4月14日公布的名称为“SurgicalGenerator for Ultrasonic and Electrosurgical Devices”的美国公布2011/0087212的教导内容进行构造，该公布的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。在一些型式中，诸如根据本文的各种教导内容，电源110可取出以再充电或回收以供再消毒和重新使用。再充电后，或者初次充电后，电源110可插入或重新插入医疗装置100中并固定到外壳130或外壳130内部。当然，当电源110仍然处于外壳130内部或换句话讲仍然相对于外壳130联接时，医疗装置100也可允许电源110进行充电和/或再充电。
还应当理解，控制模块120可以被移除，以用于维护、测试、更换或任何其它目的，参考本文的教导内容，这对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。此外，端部执行器140还可被从医疗装置100移除，以用于维护、测试、更换或其它目的，参考本文的教导内容，这对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
尽管已描述了示例性医疗装置100的某些构型，但参考本文的教导内容，可构造医疗装置100的各种其它方式对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。仅以举例的方式，医疗装置10,100和/或任何其它本文涉及的医疗装置可根据以下专利申请中的至少一些教导内容进行构造：1994年6月21日公布的名称为“Clamp Coagulator/Cutting System for UltrasonicSurgical Instruments”的美国专利5,322,055，该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；1999年2月23日公布的名称为“Ultrasonic Clamp CoagulatorApparatus Having Improved Clamp Mechanism”的美国专利5,873,873，该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；1997年10月10日提交的名称为“Ultrasonic Clamp Coagulator Apparatus Having Improved Clamp Arm PivotMount”的美国专利5,980,510，该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2001年12月4日公布的名称为“Blades with Functional Balance Asymmetriesfor use with Ultrasonic Surgical Instruments”的美国专利6,325,811，该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2006年4月13日公布的名称为“TissuePad for Use with an Ultrasonic Surgical Instrument”的美国公布2006/0079874，该公布的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2007年8月16日公布的名称为“Ultrasonic Device for Cutting and Coagulating”的美国公布2007/0191713，该公布的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2007年12月6日公布的名称为“Ultrasonic Waveguide and Blade”的美国公布2007/0282333，该公布的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2008年8月21日公布的名称为“Ultrasonic Device for Cutting and Coagulating”的美国公布2008/0200940，该公布的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2009年6月4日公布的名称为“Cordless Hand-held Ultrasonic Cautery Cutting Device”的美国公布2009/0143797，该公布的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2010年3月18日公布的名称为“Ultrasonic Device for Fingertip Control”的美国公布2010/0069940，该公布的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2011年1月20日公布的名称为“Rotating Transducer Mount for Ultrasonic SurgicalInstruments”的美国公布2011/0015660，该公布的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；和/或2010年11月5日提交的名称为“Energy-Based SurgicalInstruments”的美国临时专利申请序列号61/410,603，该临时专利申请的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
当然，外壳130和医疗装置100可包括其它构型。例如，外壳130和/或医疗装置100可包括组织切割元件以及一个或多个传输双极性RF能给组织（例如，用来止血或密封组织）的元件。这种装置的一个例子是由Ethicon Endo-Surgery,Inc.（Cincinnati,Ohio）制造的组织密封装置。这种装置的其它例子以及相关理念公开于下列美国专利中：2002年12月31公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Systems and Techniques for SealingTissue”的美国专利6,500,176，该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2006年9月26日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Instrument and Method ofUse”的美国专利7,112,201，该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2006年10月24日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Working End for ControlledEnergy Delivery”的美国专利7,125,409，该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2007年1月30日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Probe and Method ofUse”的美国专利7,169,146，该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2007年3月6日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Jaw Structure for Controlled EnergyDelivery”的美国专利7,186,253，该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2007年3月13日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Instrument”的美国专利7,189,233，该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2007年5月22日公布的名称为“Surgical Sealing Surfaces and Methods of Use”的美国专利7,220,951，该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2007年12月18日公布的名称为“Polymer Compositions Exhibiting a PTC Property and Methods ofFabrication”的美国专利7,309,849，该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2007年12月25日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Instrument and Methodof Use”的美国专利7,311,709，该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2008年4月8日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Instrument and Method ofUse”的美国专利7,354,440，该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2008年6月3日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Instrument”的美国专利7,381,209，该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2011年4月14日公布的名称为“Surgical Instrument Comprising First and Second Drive SystemsActuatable by a Common Trigger Mechanism”的美国公布2011/0087218，该公布的公开内容以引用方式并入本文；以及2011年6月2日提交的名称为“Motor Driven Electrosurgical Device with Mechanical and ElectricalFeedback”的美国专利申请13/151,181，该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
另外应当理解，本文所述的教导内容、表达方式、实施例、例子等中的任何一个或多个可与本文所述的其它教导内容、表达方式、实施例、例子等中的任何一个或多个相结合。因此下述教导内容、表达方式、实施例、例子等不应视为彼此隔离。参考本文的教导内容，其中本文的教导内容可结合的各种合适方式对于本领域普通技术人员将是显而易见的。这种修改形式和变化形式旨在包括在权利要求书的范围之内。
II.示例性安全眼镜和监视系统
下述例子涉及示例性的安全眼镜和监视系统用于超声外科器械的用途，尽管此类用途也可用于其它器械，诸如用RF能通电的电外科装置和/或任何其它类型的器械，诸如上文所述和本文引用的各种参考文献中描述的医疗装置10,100。遍及本公开，所采用的包括文字与数字的不同扩展的参考数字在所描述的参考文献的不同型式中指示类似的组件（例如，镜片422,422A,422B）。可提供用于医疗装置10,100的其它示例性修改形式将更详细地描述于下文中。可将下述教导内容与医疗装置10,100结合的各种合适方式对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。类似地，可将下述教导内容与本文引用的参考文献的各种教导内容进行组合的各种合适方式对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。还应当理解，下述教导内容并不限于本文引用的参考文献中教导的医疗装置10,100或装置。参考本文的教导内容，可应用下述教导内容的各种其它合适装置和设置对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
A.示例性监视系统
图3示出了示例性手术或外科监视器400。外科监视器400可用于例如在外科手术过程中从诸如腹腔镜等装置播放视频。图3示出了播放切开患者的组织90的示例性外科器械50的示例性端部执行器80的视频的外科监视器400。外科器械50在操作和构造上与上述示例性医疗装置10,100类似。外科器械50可为如上所述的和/或根据本文引用参考文献中的任何一个的超声外科器械或基于射频的外科器械。仅以举例的方式，相关联的基站可根据于2010年11月5日提交的名称为“Energy-Based SurgicalInstruments”的美国临时申请序列号61/410,603被构造和操作，该临时申请的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。基站可为例如图4所示并且如下文所述的手术监视系统402。手术监视系统402可将指示或使用说明404叠加在外科监视器400上以在手术过程中帮助外科医生。例如，外科监视器400的屏幕406可在使用说明显示框408中显示使用说明404。例如，显示框408可通过诸如符号或书面消息等视觉信号来指示已完成端部执行器80要求的密封。手术监视系统402还可在手术之前、期间或之后，用于帮助在示例性器械50中，或在器械50中的相关联的电子模块中进行故障检测。
如图4所示，发生器410给器械50提供电力或其它信号。发生器410包括可与发生器410的外部USB端口连接的发射器412。发射器412可以是发射无线信号（用箭头A标示）给手术室或手术监视系统402的例如
Figure BDA00003432710900091
无线发射器或便携式无线发射器（fob）。手术监视系统402包括接收器414，所述接收器可为从发生器410接收信号的发射器或便携式无线发射器。
Figure BDA00003432710900093
是Bluetooth SIG,Inc.(Kirkland,Washington)的注册商标。参考本文的教导内容，发射和接收无线信号的其它无线装置对于本领域的普通技术人员而言是显而易见的，这些无线装置包含在本公开的范围内。手术监视系统402不仅能从发生器410接收信号，而且也可包括用于在诸如外科监视器400等手术屏幕上显示信息的编程和驱动程序。手术监视系统402可通过无线或有线连接与外科监视器400直接连接，以将接收到的信号发射给外科监视器400。除此之外或作为另外一种选择，无线通信板或电路板可被容纳在器械50的多部件柄部组件中，以通过双向链路给诸如图4的手术监视系统402的基站传递信息。在一些型式中，器械50由电池驱动，并且包括发射器。与器械50连通的基站可从器械50接收传输的数据，并如上所述将信息显示在外科监视器400或另一个故障诊断装置上，参考本文的教导内容，这对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
可在外科监视器400上显示并被上述监视器400接收的信息可包括但不限于包括密封完成指示信息、显示最小或最大电力设置的发生器电力设置信息、例如和/或正确的技术指示信息（指示何时技术执行不当）关于密封完成指示信息，发生器算法可指示例如器械50的端部执行器80的超声刀片的测量温度何时出现峰值。此类峰值可指示端部执行器80切开的组织90已完成密封，并且刀片与夹持垫或夹持臂相接触，所述夹持垫或夹持臂朝向刀片枢转。显示在外科监视器400的使用说明显示框408中的使用说明404使外科医生能够在手术过程中接收关于被利用的外科器械诸如器械50的状态的实时反馈，而无需将目光从呈现在外科监视器400的屏幕406上的手术部位转移开。
B.示例性安全眼镜
图5示出了外科医生在外科手术过程中在使用例如医疗装置10,100时佩戴的示例性安全眼镜416的型式。在使用中，容纳在示例性外科器械50中的无线通信板418可与安全眼镜416上的无线端口420通信。示例性外科器械50为电池驱动装置，尽管器械50可由电缆或其它方式供电。器械50包括与上述的医疗装置10,100的端部执行器16,140类似的端部执行器80。尤其是，无线通信板418向安全眼镜416的无线端口420发射一个或多个由箭头B,C指示的无线信号。安全眼镜416接收信号，分析所接收到的信号，并在镜片422上给使用者诸如佩戴安全眼镜416的外科医生424显示所述信号所接收到的状态指示信息。除此之外或作为另外一种选择，无线通信板418发射无线信号给外科监视器400，使得外科监视器400可给外科医生424显示接收到的状态指示信息，如上所述。
如图6所示，安全眼镜416A的型式包括在安全眼镜416A的周边边缘428上的照明装置426。照明装置426提供器械50的周边视觉的感官反馈，借此安全眼镜416A与佩戴安全眼镜416A的使用者通信，如下所述。照明装置426可为例如发光二极管（“LED”），一系列LED，或者参考本文的教导内容对本领域的普通技术人员来说显而易见的任何其它合适的照明装置。
LED可位于安全眼镜416A的前镜片的边缘或侧面，因此不会转移使用者的视觉中心，同时仍然定位在使用者的视野内，使得使用者无需将目光从手术部位移开去看照明装置426。显示的光线可跳动和/或改变颜色以向安全眼镜416A的佩戴者传递从器械50检索到的各方面的信息，诸如系统状态信息或组织感测信息（例如，端部执行器80是否充分切开并密封组织90）。来自被容纳的无线通信板418的反馈可使照明装置426启动、闪烁或改变颜色，以为使用者指示关于器械50使用情况的信息。例如，装置可基于一个或多个感测到的组织参数来结合反馈机构。在这种情况下，在一个或多个装置输出中基于该反馈的与音调变化同步的变化可通过无线通信板418给安全眼镜416A发射信号以触发照明装置426的启动。此类描述的启动照明装置426的装置不应视为是限制性的，因为也设想了其它通过安全眼镜416,416A给使用者指示器械50的状态信息的装置。此外，安全眼镜416A，如同安全眼镜416的其它型式一样，可为一次性使用的或可重复使用的眼镜。纽扣电源诸如纽扣电池可用于给无线接收器和安全眼镜416的各种型式的LED供电，所述纽扣电源还可包括被容纳的无线板和三色LED。此类纽扣电源可提供低成本装置，所述低成本装置为在使用时佩戴安全眼镜416的外科医生424提供关于器械50的信息的感官反馈。
图7示出了包括镜片422B的安全眼镜416B的一种型式，所述镜片具有边缘428和表面改性特征430。如上所述，表面改性特征430帮助从照明装置426中“导光”以提高使用者诸如外科医生查看状态指示信息的能力。逐渐变暗的导光点432定位在镜片422B的边缘428上。当使用者佩戴安全眼镜416B时，所述点在使用者的周边视野中发光，然后朝向使用者的视野中心变暗。LED可设置在镜片422后，使得点432可提供照向镜片422B一侧的离散光点，从LED发射光。因此，此类LED也可或作为另外一种选择例如通过使用导光以及通过个性化的表面处理和透光镜片422B的几何形状产生柔和的辉光、淡出光和/或光图案。安全眼镜416B的磨砂和抛光部分的使用可产生淡出光和/或柔和辉光效果，可在不使安全眼镜416B的佩戴者分神的情况下引起佩戴者的注意。点432可提供花色（改变的颜色）来指示至器械50的电源接近过载。例如，颜色可从安全的绿色变为警告的黄色，再变为指示过载状态的橙色。除此之外或作为另外一种选择，使绿灯跳动可指示器械50的电源启动。此外，黄色和/或橙色可为使用者指示引起警报的原因。其它可启动点432来显示状态变化的信息包括但不限于AUT状况、装置的音调、循环完成状况、电源启动状况、电源的过载危险状况、电池寿命状况、以及警告其它潜在危险状况变化和接收到的发生器信息的需求。安全眼镜416B以及安全眼镜416的其它型式可附加包括给佩戴者提供声频反馈的压电扬声器。另外，如果手术室中没有发生器，仍旧可以显示在手术室中使用的安全眼镜416的各种型式上的电池驱动的装置的信息。换句话讲，安全眼镜416可从发生器410和/或直接从器械50接收信息。
图8示出了示例性安全眼镜416C。安全眼镜416C可与外科监视器400通讯并结合外科监视器使用来给使用者提供附加反馈。安全眼镜416C可具有透明颜色的液晶显示器（“LCD”）覆膜434。LCD覆膜434作为可定制的显示器可给外科医生424显示信息，示出了关于医疗装置10的有关信息，诸如但不限于电池寿命、启动电平状况、神经监视警报器阈值指示信息、以及手术中显示组织温度的肿胀组织热传感器信息。例如，随着端部执行器80在使用时温度上升，红外视图可出现在安全眼镜416C中。视图使反射在作为覆膜显示器82的安全眼镜416C中的端部执行器80如下所述随着温度的升高看起来变成红色，同时周围组织对佩戴安全眼镜416C的外科医生424来说看起来也基于组织的温度改变颜色。
安全眼镜416C上的应答器436可定位在安全眼镜416C的框臂（未示出）上，并且该框臂可容纳电池和所有用于从器械50接收信息的通信系统。应答器436发射第一信号，由箭头D指示，所述第一信号被检测器438(图1)接收在外科监视器400上。第一信号提供关于例如安全眼镜416C的位置和取向的信息。实际上，第一信号将外科医生424的视线方向，或者说外科医生424所看的方向通知给外科监视器400上的检测器438。此类信息可使用一个或多个加速度计和/或各种其它类型的组件来收集，参考本文的教导内容，这对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
基于此取向信息和从容纳在医疗装置10,50,100中的电子模块接收到的信息，例如在给外科医生424发送器械50的实时信息的同时，检测器438给安全眼镜416C上的应答器436分程传递由箭头E指示的第二信号。第二信号使安全眼镜416C将图形显示在给使用者提供附加信息的LCD覆膜434上。例如，使用时，基于容纳在器械50中的电子模块从端部执行器80接收到的信息，安全眼镜416上的LCD覆膜434可在对应于显示在外科监视器400上的端部执行器80的外科医生424的视力区域之上添加颜色以指示端部执行器80的温度。此类围绕使用中的端部执行器80的视力区域被反射在安全眼镜416上的LCD覆膜434上，以示出端部执行器80的覆膜显示器82，如图8所示。
在使用中，当外科医生424透过安全眼镜416C观察正在进行的手术时，外科医生424能看到清晰的视图，直到外科医生424开始使用器械50。当外科医生424开始启动器械50时，器械50内的传感器给安全眼镜416C传输诸如刀片温度的信息。器械50的启动启动了覆膜434。当外科医生424观察外科监视器400上和/或安全眼镜416C内的端部执行器80时，外科医生424可开始看到红外覆膜改变了端部执行器80，确切的说是端部执行器80的覆膜显示器82的颜色，并且使邻近的组织从正常色变为橙色，然后再随着例如端部执行器80和/或组织90的温度上升变为红色。此类直观的信息给外科医生424提供例如关于组织温度和正在使用的器械50的热发散的实时反馈。
应当理解，本文所述的教导内容、表达方式、实施例、例子等中的任何一个或多个可与本文所述的其它教导内容、表达方式、实施例、例子等中的任何一个或多个相结合。因此下述教导内容、表达方式、实施例、例子等不应视为彼此隔离。参考本文的教导内容，其中本文的教导内容可结合的各种合适方式对于本领域普通技术人员将是显而易见的。这种修改形式和变化形式旨在包括在权利要求书的范围之内。
上文所述的装置的型式可施用于由医学专家执行的常规医疗处理和手术中、以及可施用于机器人辅助的医疗处理和手术中。
上文所述的型式可被设计为单次使用后丢弃，或者它们可被设计为可使用多次。在上述任一种或两种情况下，都可对这些型式进行修复，以便在使用至少一次后重复使用。修复可包括以下步骤的任意组合：拆卸装置、然后清洗或更换特定部件和随后进行重新组装。具体地讲，可拆卸所述装置的一些型式，并且可选择性地以任何组合形式来更换或拆除所述装置的任意数量的特定部件或零件。在清洗和/或更换特定零件时，所述装置的一些型式可在修复设施中重新组装或者在即将进行手术前由用户重新组装以供随后使用。本领域的技术人员将会知道，修复装置时可利用多种技术进行拆卸、清洗/更换和重新组装。这些技术的使用以及所得的修复装置均在本发明的范围内。
仅以举例的方式，本文所述的型式可在手术之前和/或之后进行消毒。在一种消毒技术中，将装置置于闭合并密封的容器中，例如，置于塑料袋或TYVEK袋中。然后可将容器和装置置于可穿透该容器的例如γ辐射、X射线或高能电子等辐射的辐射场中。辐射可杀死装置上和容器中的细菌。消毒后的装置随后可存放于消毒容器中，以备以后使用。还可使用本领域已知的任何其它技术对装置消毒，所述技术包括但不限于β辐射或γ辐射、环氧乙烷或蒸汽消毒。
尽管已在本发明中示出和描述了多个型式，但本领域的普通技术人员可在不脱离本发明范围的前提下进行适当修改以对本文所述的方法和系统进行进一步改进。已经提及了若干此类潜在的修改形式，并且其它修改形式对于本领域的技术人员而言将显而易见。例如，上文讨论的例子、型式、几何形状、材料、尺寸、比率、步骤等等均是示例性的而非必需的。因此，本发明的范围应以下面的权利要求书考虑，并且应理解为不限于说明书和附图中示出和描述的结构和操作细节。

Claims (20)

1.一种外科系统，包括：
(a)外科器械，所述外科器械包括：
i.主体，
ii.轴，所述轴从所述主体延伸，和
iii.端部执行器，所述端部执行器在所述轴的远端处；和
(b)发射器，所述发射器能够无线发射与所述端部执行器相关联的信号。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外科系统，还包括一副包括无线端口的安全眼镜，其中所述无线端口能够从所述发射器接收所述信号。
3.根据权利要求2所述的外科系统，还包括外科监视器，其中所述安全眼镜能够将所述信号投射到所述外科监视器。
4.根据权利要求3所述的外科系统，其中所述安全眼镜包括一个或多个LED，其中当使用者佩戴所述安全眼镜并观察所述外科监视器时，所述LED能够被定位在使用者的周边视野内，使得所述LED不会限制所述外科监视器的使用者视觉，并且使得所述外科监视器和所述LED两者对所述使用者来说同时可见。
5.根据权利要求2所述的外科系统，其中所述安全眼镜包括前镜片和一对照明装置，其中每个照明装置设置在所述镜片的相应的周边边缘上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的外科系统，其中所述照明装置包括一个或多个LED。
7.根据权利要求6所述的外科系统，其中所述LED是三色的。
8.根据权利要求6所述的外科系统，其中所述一个或多个LED能够进行以下中的一者或两者：
(i)基于所接收到的信号显示脉冲光，或
(ii)基于所接收到的信号改变颜色。
9.根据权利要求2所述的外科系统，其中当使用所述外科器械的所述端部执行器的外科医生在外科手术期间佩戴所述安全眼镜时，所述端部执行器的覆膜显示器定位在所述安全眼镜上。
10.根据权利要求9所述的外科系统，其中所述覆膜显示器能够基于所接收到的信号改变颜色以指示端部执行器温度状态的改变。
11.根据权利要求2所述的外科系统，其中所述安全眼镜包括至少一个照明装置和前镜片，所述前镜片包括能够从所述照明装置导光的表面改性特征，其中所述表面改性特征设置在所述镜片的周边边缘上。
12.根据权利要求11所述的外科系统，其中所述至少一个照明装置包括一对照明装置，其中每个照明装置设置在所述镜片的相应的周边边缘上。
13.根据权利要求11所述的外科系统，其中所述至少一个照明装置包括LED。
14.根据权利要求11所述的外科系统，其中所述表面改性特征包括能够发出离散光点的一系列点。
15.根据权利要求11所述的外科系统，其中所述点能够发出辉光、淡出光或光图案中的至少一种。
16.一种信息传输系统，所述系统包括：
(a)外科器械，所述外科器械包括：
i.主体，
ii.轴，所述轴从所述主体延伸，和
iii.端部执行器，所述端部执行器在所述轴的远端处；
(b)第一无线发射器，所述第一无线发射器能够发射与所述端部执行器相关联的第一信号；
(c)发生器，所述发生器能够从所述第一无线发射器接收信息；
(d)第二无线发射器，其中所述第二无线发射器与所述发生器相关联，其中所述第二无线发射器能够发送第二信号；
(e)手术监视系统，
(f)第三无线发射器，其中所述第三无线发射器与所述手术监视系统相关联，其中所述第三无线发射器能够从所述第二无线发射器接收所述第二信号，其中所述第三无线发射器能够发送第三信号；和
(g)外科监视器，所述外科监视器包括检测器，所述检测器能够从所述第三无线发射器接收所述第三信号以在所述外科监视器上生成显示，从而指示关于所述外科器械的信息。
17.根据权利要求16所述的系统，其中所述指示的信息涉及当所述外科器械使用时所述端部执行器的温度。
18.根据权利要求16所述的系统，其中所述外科器械包括超声外科器械或RF电外科器械中的一者。
19.一种提供关于外科器械的信息的方法，所述外科器械包括主体、从所述主体延伸的轴和在所述轴的远端处的端部执行器，所述方法包括：
(a)将第一无线发射器与所述端部执行器相关联；
(b)通过所述第一无线发射器发射信号；
(c)通过外科监视器的检测器接收所述信号；以及
(d)在所述外科监视器上生成显示，从而指示关于所述外科器械的信息，其中所述显示至少部分地基于通过所述第一无线发射器发射的信号。
20.根据权利要求20所述的方法，其中通过所述第一无线发射器发射信号的步骤包括：
(i)通过所述第一无线发射器发射第一信号，
(ii)通过发生器的第二无线发射器接收所述第一信号，
(iii)通过所述第二无线发射器发射第二信号，
(iv)通过手术监视系统的第三无线发射器接收所述第二信号，以及
(v)通过所述第三无线发射器向外科监视器的检测器发射第三信号，
其中通过外科监视器的检测器接收所述信号的步骤包括接收所述第三信号。
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