CN1032261A - 超导材料制备方法及所得材料 - Google Patents
超导材料制备方法及所得材料 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 244000291564 Allium cepa Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000002732 Allium cepa var. cepa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910009203 Y-Ba-Cu-O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008534 Capsicum annuum var annuum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008384 Capsicum annuum var. annuum Species 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 anion salt Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium acetate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- NFSAPTWLWWYADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-1-phenylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)C(CN)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFSAPTWLWWYADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000247 postprecipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009938 salting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N60/0268—Manufacture or treatment of devices comprising copper oxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G3/00—Compounds of copper
- C01G3/006—Compounds containing, besides copper, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/80—Constructional details
- H10N60/85—Superconducting active materials
- H10N60/855—Ceramic superconductors
- H10N60/857—Ceramic superconductors comprising copper oxide
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/60—Compounds characterised by their crystallite size
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Abstract
本发明涉及基本上以至少一种稀土,至少一种碱
土,铜和氧为基础制成超导细粉的方法,其特征是其
中包括以下步骤:a)于醇存在下将至少一种稀土,至
少一种碱土和铜的硝酸盐和/或乙酸盐水溶液与草
酸溶液混合,所得混合物pH应为2—4;b)分出所得
沉淀;c)然后干燥该沉淀;d)焙烧干燥产品;e)必要时
研磨焙烧粉。本发明还涉及该法所得的产品。
Description
本发明涉及超导材料。
人们已知,超导性的特点是极低温度下导体内电阻全部消失。
直到不久前,某些材料的超导状态还只在极限温度以下出现,极限温度即“临界温度”,一般接近于绝对零度。这一限制显然严重阻碍了超导性各种潜在实际用途的大规模发展。
但是,此后不久,研究表明已能够找出在更高温度即在70~90°K,甚至高达100°K下表现出超导性的新材料。
这些材料大部分是以稀土,碱土,过渡金属和氧为基础制成的。更具体地讲,已发现最有前途的体系似乎是以钇和/或镧,钡和/或锶和/或钙,铜和/或镍和/或钴和/或锰,和氧为基础的体系。
文献中制备这些材料的一般合成方法是让相应元素的氧化物和/或含阴离子盐(如碳酸盐)之间于高温(1000℃)下进行固相反应,后者化合物呈粉态。
不过,该法不利于精确控制并且制成的粉的烧结能力似显不够。
但是,在某些实际应用中,单独使用超导烧结产品才具有现实意义。
因此,要求既要获得致密和均匀的烧结材料,同时又要保存初始粉的内在超导本性。这就要求首先制得具有良好烧结能力的均匀超导粉。
因此,本发明的目的是解决上述问题,其中提出简单而有效的方法,该法易于用来以再现方式制得具有优良烧结能力的均匀超导粉以及高密度超导烧结材料。
作为本发明的第一目的,现已发现,用本发明方法可制得可烧结超导细粉,该法特征是其中包括以下步骤:
a)于醇存在下将至少一种稀土,至少一种碱土和铜的硝酸盐和/或乙酸盐水溶液与草酸溶液混合,所得混合物pH应为2-4;
b)分出所得沉淀;
c)然后干燥该沉淀;
d)焙烧干燥产品;
e)必要时研磨焙烧粉。
在本发明以下的说明中,所谓稀土一方面包括元件周期表中原子序数从57~71(包括57和71)的所有元素,另一方面包括钇,按习惯上钇在这里类似于稀土。
本发明方法特别优选的稀土为钇和镧。
另一方面,本发明可用的碱土主要为钙,钡和锶。
最后,过渡金属优先选自铜,镍,锰,钴和铁。
上述范围内的元素的选择当然要考虑到要求制得的超导粉的性质和组成。
同样,初始溶液中各元素的比例一般也要根据最终产品所要求的化学计量来加以调节,当然应使其适于获得超导性。
本发明方法还特别适于制得Y-Ba-Cu-O型超导体系。该体系已在Journal of Ameriean Chemical Society,1987,109,2528-2530的文章中作了说明。
按本发明,稀土,碱土和铜在初始水溶液中呈乙酸盐和/或硝酸盐。当然,优选的是用乙酸盐溶液。
根据本发明的另一重要特征,盐(硝酸盐和/或乙酸盐)溶液和草酸溶液间的混合是在醇存在下进行的,目的是加速后续沉淀操作。
醇可以单独分别引入体系,或预先与盐溶液和草酸溶液之一混合。按本⒚鞣椒ǖ奶乇鹗凳┓绞剑仁寡稳芤捍蓟缓蠼庋瞥傻娜芤河氩菟崛芤夯旌稀?
引入的醇量并不关键;实际上,可使加入的醇体积约为盐的水溶液体积。
基本上可溶于水的各种醇均可极好地用于本发明方法的实施,例子可举出短链脂肪醇如甲醇,乙醇和丙醇。
加入的草酸量应足以使混合后的最终pH达到2-4,而在Y-Ba-Cu-O情况下,pH优选为约3.5。
当然,必要时可补充加酸如硝酸或乙酸或碱如氨调节最终pH。
混合结束时得到基本上由稀土,碱土和铜的混合物构成的沉淀。
可按已知方法过滤分出所得沉淀。
优选的是在进行干燥之前对沉淀进行洗涤,如用水,醇或水-醇混合物洗涤,优选的是用醇如乙醇洗涤。
产品然后进行干燥。
干燥可按各种已知方法进行,如在烘箱中干燥,或喷雾即在热气中将悬浮液喷成雾滴。优选的是在普通烘箱中于100℃左右进行干燥。
产品然后进行焙烧。
焙烧在850~1000℃,优选在900~950℃下进行,历时30mm-24h,优选为5-15h。
焙烧在空气或各种空气/氧气混合物,但优选在空气中进行。
另一方面,按本发明特别实施方式,将焙烧产品极快速地冷至室温,相当于淬火操作,例如可用冷空气清扫。冷却时间一般为几秒钟左右。
所得粉一般还应加以研磨,优选是进行干性研磨,以进行良好的烧结。粉的平均粒径分布为0.5-2μ左右,优选为1-2μ。
这些超导粉的显著特征是烧结后可制成极均匀的超导烧结材料,其密度大于该材料理论密度的95%。
粉的烧结温度为900~1000℃,烧结时间一般为2-10h。优选的是,烧结在氧气中进行。
更具体地讲,本发明超导粉的烧结特性是按以下方法确定的:
粉首先在1.5T/cm2的单轴压力下加或不加粘结剂而制成片,然后于950℃下烧结2h并于7h内冷至室温;并测定所得产品密度。各种情况下测得的最终密度均大于所说材料理论密度的95%。
另一方面,还观察到所得产品的超导性极好。
从以下实施例中可清楚地看出本发明的其它优点和实施方案。
实施例
该实施例说明按本发明制备式Y-Ba2-Cu3-Ox(6.5≤x≤7)的超导材料的方法。
A-制粉
向2.251水中溶入30g乙酸钇,43.5g乙酸钡和53.1g乙酸铜。
再向溶液中加入2.251乙醇。
用泵向反应器中连续引入34.88ml/mn的这种溶液连同9.3ml/mn的0.5M草酸溶液。
形成沉淀并进行过滤,然后用醇(乙醇)进行洗涤,之后在烘箱中于100℃进行干燥。
所得粉于900℃在空气中焙烧10-15h。
然后将产品极迅速地冷至室温。
之后进行干式研磨以使粉的平均粒径小于2μm。
所得粉的特点如下:
比表面积(BET) 2m2/g
总孔容 0.32cm3/g
其真实孔容 0.25cm3/g
和粒间容积 0.07cm3/g
孔隙范围 0.02-5μm
平均孔径 0.9μm
平均粒径 1.7μm
晶体的平均尺寸 约300
B-粉的烧结
粉在干性单轴压力下制成片,压力为1.5T/cm2,然后于950°在氧气中烧结2h并于7h内冷至室温。
所得材料密度等于理论密度的97%。
该材料具有超导性,开始转变的“onset”温度从92°K开始,其平均式为Y-Ba-Cu-O。
Claims (18)
1、基本上以至少一种稀土,至少一种碱土,铜和氧为基础制成超导细粉的方法,其特征是其中包括以下步骤:
a)于醇存在下将至少一种稀土,至少一种碱土和铜的硝酸盐和/或乙酸盐水溶液与草酸溶液混合,所得混合物pH应为2-4;
b)分出所得沉淀;
c)然后干燥该沉淀;
d)焙烧干燥产品;
e)必要时研磨焙烧粉。
2、权利要求1的方法,其特征是采用乙酸盐溶液。
3、上述权利要求之一的方法,其特征是采用基本上可溶于水的脂肪醇。
4、权利要求3的方法,其特征是醇选自甲醇,乙醇和丙醇。
5、权利要求3和4中任一项的方法,其特征是醇用量以体积计为水溶液体积。
6、上述权利要求中任一项的方法,其特征是过滤分出所得沉淀。
7、上述权利要求中任一项的方法,其特征是所得沉淀干燥前用水,醇或水-醇混合物进行洗涤。
8、权利要求7的方法,其特征是采用醇。
9、上述权利要求中任一项的方法,其特征是焙烧在850~1000℃,优选是900~950℃下进行。
10、上述权利要求中任一项的方法,其特征是焙烧在空气中进行。
11、上述权利要求中任一项的方法,其特征是焙烧产品极迅速地冷至室温。
12、上述权利要求中任一项的方法,其特征是进行干式研磨。
13、权利要求12的方法,其特征是研磨使焙烧产品平均粒径小于2μm。
14、上述权利要求中任一项的方法,其特征是稀土选自钇和镧。
15、上述权利要求中任一项的方法,其特征是碱土选自钙,钡和锶。
16、上述权利要求中任一项的方法,其特征是采用钇,钡和铜的硝酸盐水溶液。
17、基本上以稀土,至少一种碱土,至少一种过渡金属和氧为基础并易于用权利要求1~16中任一项所述方法制得的超导陶瓷粉。
18、基本上以稀土,至少一种碱土,至少一种过渡金属和氧为基础并易于用权利要求17的粉烧结而成的超导烧结陶瓷材料。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR87/12936 | 1987-09-18 | ||
FR8712936A FR2620866B1 (fr) | 1987-09-18 | 1987-09-18 | Procede de preparation de materiaux supraconducteurs et materiaux ainsi obtenus |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1032261A true CN1032261A (zh) | 1989-04-05 |
Family
ID=9355023
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN88106737A Pending CN1032261A (zh) | 1987-09-18 | 1988-09-17 | 超导材料制备方法及所得材料 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0308338A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH01122924A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR890005908A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1032261A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU617357B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR8804803A (zh) |
DK (1) | DK517988A (zh) |
FI (1) | FI884270A (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2620866B1 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL87743A0 (zh) |
NO (1) | NO884120L (zh) |
PT (1) | PT88535B (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA886908B (zh) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101942662A (zh) * | 2010-09-29 | 2011-01-12 | 深圳市洁驰科技有限公司 | 一种硝酸退镀液再生方法及系统 |
CN104152978A (zh) * | 2014-07-14 | 2014-11-19 | 红板(江西)有限公司 | Pcb厂电镀铜线夹具硝酸退镀废液的再生方法及成套设备 |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5023231A (en) * | 1988-05-04 | 1991-06-11 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for preparing a superconductive fiber of film |
US5011822A (en) * | 1989-01-10 | 1991-04-30 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Preparation of a uniform mixed metal oxide and superconductive oxides |
US5271943A (en) * | 1989-10-27 | 1993-12-21 | Scott Health Care | Wound gel compositions containing sodium chloride and method of using them |
IT1244031B (it) * | 1990-12-18 | 1994-06-28 | Pierluigi Villa | Soluzioni acquose omogenee di cationi metallici adatti alla formazione di un ossido superconduttore ad alta te, e contenenti uno o piu' cationi di metalli nobili, precursori ottenibili dalla decomposizione di dette soluzioni e materiali compositi superconduttori ottenibili da detti precursori |
-
1987
- 1987-09-18 FR FR8712936A patent/FR2620866B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1988
- 1988-09-14 IL IL87743A patent/IL87743A0/xx unknown
- 1988-09-15 AU AU22233/88A patent/AU617357B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-09-15 KR KR1019880011921A patent/KR890005908A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-09-16 JP JP63230175A patent/JPH01122924A/ja active Pending
- 1988-09-16 ZA ZA886908A patent/ZA886908B/xx unknown
- 1988-09-16 DK DK517988A patent/DK517988A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-09-16 FI FI884270A patent/FI884270A/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-09-16 EP EP88402336A patent/EP0308338A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-09-16 PT PT88535A patent/PT88535B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-09-16 NO NO88884120A patent/NO884120L/no unknown
- 1988-09-16 BR BR8804803A patent/BR8804803A/pt unknown
- 1988-09-17 CN CN88106737A patent/CN1032261A/zh active Pending
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101942662A (zh) * | 2010-09-29 | 2011-01-12 | 深圳市洁驰科技有限公司 | 一种硝酸退镀液再生方法及系统 |
CN104152978A (zh) * | 2014-07-14 | 2014-11-19 | 红板(江西)有限公司 | Pcb厂电镀铜线夹具硝酸退镀废液的再生方法及成套设备 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO884120D0 (no) | 1988-09-16 |
BR8804803A (pt) | 1989-04-25 |
FI884270A (fi) | 1989-03-19 |
PT88535B (pt) | 1992-11-30 |
FI884270A0 (fi) | 1988-09-16 |
DK517988D0 (da) | 1988-09-16 |
FR2620866A1 (fr) | 1989-03-24 |
AU617357B2 (en) | 1991-11-28 |
NO884120L (no) | 1989-03-20 |
EP0308338A1 (fr) | 1989-03-22 |
IL87743A0 (en) | 1989-02-28 |
AU2223388A (en) | 1989-03-23 |
JPH01122924A (ja) | 1989-05-16 |
FR2620866B1 (fr) | 1989-12-01 |
KR890005908A (ko) | 1989-05-17 |
ZA886908B (en) | 1989-05-30 |
DK517988A (da) | 1989-06-30 |
PT88535A (pt) | 1988-10-01 |
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