CN103222384A - Lilium oriental hybrids seedball rejuvenation method - Google Patents
Lilium oriental hybrids seedball rejuvenation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103222384A CN103222384A CN2013101620967A CN201310162096A CN103222384A CN 103222384 A CN103222384 A CN 103222384A CN 2013101620967 A CN2013101620967 A CN 2013101620967A CN 201310162096 A CN201310162096 A CN 201310162096A CN 103222384 A CN103222384 A CN 103222384A
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- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 241000234435 Lilium Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 93
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 34
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 34
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 34
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 244000046109 Sorghum vulgare var. nervosum Species 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[K] Chemical compound [P].[K] RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002879 macerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000006286 nutrient intake Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009746 freeze damage Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000061408 Eugenia caryophyllata Species 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000016639 Syzygium aromaticum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003317 industrial substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000027272 reproductive process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to plantal rejuvenation technology, belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a lilium oriental hybrids seedball rejuvenation method. The lilium oriental hybrids seedball rejuvenation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: a, soil preparing; b, fertilizing; c, seedball disinfecting; d, cryosleep treating to seedball; e, seedball rejuvenating; and f, weeding and bud picking, wherein three methods of athermobiosis are provided in the step d, the treating method 1 is that planting is carried out inside a sunlight greenhouse, and the method 1 is simple and practical, is easy to operate and is low in cost, and is suitable for collective planting in small and medium-sized areas. The method 3 is that preservation is performed inside a low temperature refrigerating chamber, and the method 3 is particularly suitable for large-scale planting and popularization as well as for specialization and mass production. The treating method 2 is that planting is performed in small and rectangular pieces of land in a field and animal manure is adopted for covering, time and labor are saved, the investment is low, and the method is easy to master by peasant household and is suitable for small-scale dispersing and planting. The three methods all can achieve athermobiosis to plants, the rejuvenation rate next year is high, the seedball growing condition is excellent, actual planting conversion can be performed according actual condition, and the applicability is excellent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the rejuvenation technique of a plant species, belong to the agricultural planting field, specifically a kind of lilium oriental rejuvenation method.
Background technology
Oriental hybrid lily (Liliumspp.) Liliaceae lilium is perennial herb, and flower is very large, and pattern is different, the attitude gracefulness, and fragrance is strong, and extremely people like, and demand in recent years sharply rises.Oriental hybrid lily cut-flower cultivated area enlarges year by year in China, constantly increases for the demand of high-quality kind ball.Because the quality and quantity of homemade kind of ball can't meet the needs of production, present domestic lilium oriental still relies on imported from Holland more than 90%, not only spent a large amount of foreign exchanges, makes that the planting cost of oriental hybrid lily is high.
It is shorter that China carries out the time of oriental hybrid lily production, and to the lily research work focus mostly on again wild species and edible on, the enterprise of domestic oriental hybrid lily main producing region and scientific and technological unit are also at the rejuvenation technique of souning out the research lilium oriental, but utilize enterprises and individuals that the oriental hybrid lily rejuvenation breeds success seldom so far, homemade kind of its commodity of ball approved by the cut-flower grower not too that also the reason that produces gap is as follows: 1. the virus of kind of ball self accumulation; 2. plant ball and in reproductive process, physiological scarce shaking occur owing to the unreasonable utilization of external condition causes kind of ball; 3. the cold treatment technology of planting after ball is gathered still has shortcoming, and reproduction coefficient is less than 1.The research of relevant lily culture is a lot of abroad, but shorter mention flower lily kind ball rejuvenation technique.
This research is the characteristics according to Gansu Province's weather, and the rejuvenation method of the higher lilium oriental of economic worth is found out in test, makes China's oriental hybrid lily cultivation enter the benign cycle of cultivation-rejuvenation-cultivation.For realizing kind of a ball production domesticization, industrialization reduces production costs, and the income that increases the flower planting person has important practical significance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention solves lilium oriental can only carry out the technical problem that one batch of cut-flower is produced, but the lilium oriental rejuvenation method of a kind of rejuvenation rate height, the low industrialization processing of production cost is provided.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of lilium oriental rejuvenation method comprises the steps:
A, whole ground
With the long 10m～15m of the smooth one-tenth thing in plot, soil is ploughed deeply 25cm～30cm, the high 25cm～30cm in the furrow ridge, furrow and furrow spacing 50～60cm in the little furrow of the wide 1.0m～1.2m in north and south, little furrow;
B, fertilising
Before the plantation soil is loosened, cover the thick humus soil of 20cm～25cm in furrow, water content is controlled at 18%～20% in the humus soil; Add cow dung and the phosphorus potash fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed in the humus soil;
C, the sterilization of kind ball
In October then, after the last ten-days period, first batch of fresh flower gathered, to plant ball surface earth cleans, to plant ball then packs in the nylon string bag, put into liquor potassic permanganate 3-5 minute, the mass concentration of liquor potassic permanganate is 1/1000, it is clean with flushing with clean water to plant ball after the sterilization, puts 13～15 ℃ of shady and cool places, air-dry kind of ball surface moisture;
D, kind ball athermobiosis are handled
Transplant in greenhouse by solar heat through the kind ball after disinfecting, the thick forest humus of 20cm is spread as cultivation matrix in greenhouse by solar heat ground, and the greenhouse by solar heat ventilating opening is opened, and does not close round the clock; Temperature is maintained-4 ℃～-5 ℃ in the greenhouse, and the ground substrate temperature is-1.5 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃; Through 10 time-of-weeks, the kind ball begins rudiment and can finish cold treatment, digs out, goes clean earth, vanning then under this cryogenic conditions, successively pile up during vanning, and one deck kind ball one deck vermiculite, the vermiculite layers water content remains on about 50%, preserves under 2～4 ℃ of conditions; Described rudiment length must not surpass 1cm, otherwise young shoot subject to damage and freeze injury in transplanting afterwards;
E, the rejuvenation of kind ball
In late March, second, the kind ball that athermobiosis is handled is transplanted in the little furrow described in the step a, plant the ball top apart from native face 12cm～15cm, spacing in the rows 10cm～12cm, line-spacing 13cm～15cm is after the kind ball is emerged, in liberal supply moisture, impose liquid fertilizer May 1 time every about 10 days, need use 2-3 time altogether; Plant foliage-spray aqueous solution of urea, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer is 1～2 time again; Continue after the beginning of autumn to execute phosphorus potash fertilizer, and enrich the nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer 1～2 time;
F, weeding and excision bud
In the rejuvenation phase, need weed a garden once during weeding loosen the soil operation in per about 10 days in the ball kind; When bud begins to expand in addition, need in time to extract bud,, guarantee kind of a ball nutrient supply abundance to reduce nutrient consumption.
Press every 667m among the described step b in the humus soil
2Add the cow dung 2000～3000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, add phosphorus potash fertilizer simultaneously, contain P in the phosphorus potash fertilizer
2O
59kg, K
2O15kg mixes.
Described steps d is: in 10 months, the last ten-days period, plucking kind ball direct transplanting after the fresh flower sterilization in little furrow, plant the ball top apart from native face 15cm, plant ball spacing in the rows 10cm, line-spacing 15cm plants the back and cover the thick horsehit of 20cm on little furrow, and control kind of a ball surrounding soil temperature is-1.5 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃.
Described steps d is: the kind ball after the sterilization of gathering is put in the low-temperature cold store 10 weeks of dormancy under-1.5 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃ condition.
Liquid fertilizer among the described step e soaks the system of macerating with the dregs of fat and forms, and gets the dregs of fat and puts into container, and the weight ratio of the dregs of fat and water is 3:20, soaks 20-30 days, with 10 times of clear water dilutions, makes it become liquid fertilizer before using, and imposes 1000kg at every turn.
Among the described step e in the aqueous solution of urea mass concentration be 0.5%, spray the plant blade face, all spray at face of blade, the back side; Increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer is 1～2 time again, and trench digging is imbedded phosphorus potash fertilizer in the soil of 5-10cm below the plants stems base portion between plant, contains P in the phosphorus potash fertilizer
2O
5, K
2Each 5kg of O, application effect is for well behind the rain, and high temperature surpassed 32 ℃ and stopped to fertilising the hot summer days, continued to execute phosphorus potash fertilizer after the beginning of autumn, and enriched the nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer 1～2 time, and nitrogen element mass concentration is 0.5% in the nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer, per 667 m
2Execute 10kg nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer in the soil.
Enrich the nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer among the described step e 1～2 time, nitrogen element mass concentration is 0.2～0.3% in the nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer, sprays on the plant blade face, and all spray at face of blade, the back side.
When ball is planted in described step e plantation, plant two row Chinese sorghums, Chinese sorghum line-spacing 10cm, spacing in the rows 10cm respectively in the north and south of kind of ball side.
The present invention has following characteristics:
1, the present invention is with the long 10m～15m of the smooth one-tenth thing in plot, and the little furrow of the wide 1.0m～1.2m in north and south can adopt little furrow on level land, hillside fields, the multiple landform in mountain region; Accurately control planting depth, planting density, fertilizing amount and soil moisture content satisfy the plant ordinary production, reduce unnecessary waste, save production cost greatly.
2, use a large amount of farmyard manures and macerate the system liquid fertilizer, reduce the usage amount of industrial chemical fertilizer, to discard the dregs of fat and soak the system of macerating, be diluted to liquid fertilizer with clear water before using, be rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, boron various nutrient elements in the liquid fertilizer, not only satisfied the growth demand of planting ball, fresh weight, all footpaths of lily plant height and results bulb all increase significantly; Take the said method rejuvenation after planting a season, the kind ball of all footpaths of results 16～18cm can reach more than 30%, and the 12cm balling ratio can reach 68%, if select the clove breeding for use, plants for two seasons, and 80% bulb can reach more than all stem 12cm.And refuse utilized the protection environment, also further reduced production cost.The inventive method and introduction lilium oriental are compared, and each 2.98 yuan in introduced variety ball adopts the said method rejuvenation, and each plants about 0.45 yuan of ball production cost, greatly reduces production cost.
3, provide three kinds of athermobiosis methods, processing method one is planted in greenhouse by solar heat, simple and practical, easy operating, with low cost.The collective of small size plantation in being fit to, but during the large tracts of land breeding, it is big to take the energy saving sunlight greenhouse area, and the greenhouse availability descends.Processing method three is preserved in low-temperature cold store, is particularly suitable for the large tracts of land popularizing planting, is applicable to specialization, large-scale production.Processing method two plants and uses the excrement of animals bedding in little furrow, saving of work and time is invested for a short time, and peasant household easily grasps, and is fit to disperse on a small scale plantation.Above-mentioned three kinds of methods all can realize the athermobiosis of plant, and the rejuvenation rate height in the coming year can be according to the plantation situation conversion of reality, and applicability is good.
4, the north and south side of planting ball is planted two row Chinese sorghums, Chinese sorghum line-spacing 10cm, spacing in the rows 10cm respectively.Enter the megathermal period June, and Chinese sorghum can be kind of a ball shading, prevents that the sun directly shines kind of the ball of burning, and improves kind of a ball survival rate.
Embodiment
A kind of lilium oriental rejuvenation method comprises the steps:
A, whole ground
With the long 10m～15m of the smooth one-tenth thing in plot, soil is ploughed deeply 25cm～30cm, the high 25cm～30cm in the furrow ridge, furrow and furrow spacing 50～60cm in the little furrow of the wide 1.0m～1.2m in north and south, little furrow;
B, fertilising
Before the plantation soil is loosened, cover the thick humus soil of 20cm～25cm in furrow, water content is controlled at 18%～20% in the humus soil; Press every 667m in the humus soil
2Add the cow dung 2000～3000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, add phosphorus potash fertilizer simultaneously, contain P in the phosphorus potash fertilizer
2O
59kg, K
2O15kg mixes;
C, the sterilization of kind ball
In October then, after the last ten-days period, first batch of fresh flower gathered, to plant ball surface earth cleans, to plant ball then packs in the nylon string bag, with putting into liquor potassic permanganate 3-5 minute, the mass concentration of liquor potassic permanganate is 1/1000, it is clean with flushing with clean water to plant ball after the sterilization, puts 13～15 ℃ of shady and cool places, air-dry kind of ball surface moisture;
D, kind ball athermobiosis are handled
Transplant in greenhouse by solar heat through the kind ball after disinfecting, the thick forest humus of 20cm is spread as cultivation matrix in greenhouse by solar heat ground, and the greenhouse by solar heat ventilating opening is opened, and does not close round the clock; Temperature is maintained-4 ℃～-5 ℃ in the greenhouse, and the ground substrate temperature is-1.5 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃; Through 10 time-of-weeks, the kind ball begins rudiment and can finish cold treatment, digs out, goes clean earth, vanning then under this cryogenic conditions, successively pile up during vanning, and one deck kind ball one deck vermiculite, the vermiculite layers water content remains on about 50%, preserves under 2～4 ℃ of conditions; Described rudiment length must not surpass 1cm, otherwise young shoot subject to damage and freeze injury in transplanting afterwards;
E, the rejuvenation of kind ball
In late March, second, the kind ball that athermobiosis is handled is transplanted in the little furrow described in the step a, plant the ball top apart from native face 12cm～15cm, spacing in the rows 10cm～12cm, line-spacing 13cm～15cm, after the kind ball is emerged, in liberal supply moisture, begin May, impose liquid fertilizer 1 time every about 10 days, need use 2-3 time altogether, liquid fertilizer soaks the system of macerating with the dregs of fat and forms, get the dregs of fat and put into container, the weight ratio of the dregs of fat and water is 3:20, soaks 20-30 days, dilutes 10 times with clear water before using, make it become liquid fertilizer, impose 1000kg at every turn; Plant foliage-spray aqueous solution of urea, mass concentration is 0.5% in the aqueous solution of urea, sprays the plant blade face, all spray at face of blade, the back side; Increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer is 1～2 time again, and trench digging is imbedded phosphorus potash fertilizer in the soil of 5-10cm below the plants stems base portion between plant, contains P in the phosphorus potash fertilizer
2O
5, K
2Each 5kg of O, application effect is for well behind the rain, and high temperature surpassed 32 ℃ and stopped to fertilising the hot summer days; Continue after the beginning of autumn to execute phosphorus potash fertilizer, and enrich the nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer 1～2 time; Nitrogen element mass concentration is 0.5% in the nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer, per 667 m
2Execute 10kg nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer in the soil;
F, weeding and excision bud
In the rejuvenation phase, need weed a garden once during weeding loosen the soil operation in per about 10 days in the ball kind; When bud begins to expand in addition, need in time to extract bud,, guarantee kind of a ball nutrient supply abundance to reduce nutrient consumption.
In addition, plant two row Chinese sorghums respectively in the north and south of kind of ball side, Chinese sorghum line-spacing 10cm, spacing in the rows 10cm, enter the megathermal period June, and Chinese sorghum can be kind of a ball shading, prevents that the sun directly shines kind of the ball of burning, and improves kind of a ball survival rate.
Described steps d can also for: in 10 months, the last ten-days period,, plant the ball top apart from native face 15cm plucking kind ball direct transplanting after the fresh flower sterilization in little furrow, plant ball spacing in the rows 10cm, line-spacing 15cm plants the back and cover the thick horsehit of 20cm on little furrow, and control kind of a ball surrounding soil temperature is-1.5 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃.Be fit to disperse on a small scale plantation.
Described steps d can also for: gather the sterilization after the kind ball put in the low-temperature cold store 10 weeks of dormancy under-1.5 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃ condition.Be particularly suitable for the large tracts of land popularizing planting, be applicable to specialization, large-scale production.
Enrich the nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer among the described step e 1～2 time, except that apply nitrogen element mass concentration in soil is 0.5% the nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer, can also be at dilution nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer, make that nitrogen element mass concentration drops to 0.2～0.3% in the nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer, spray on the plant blade face.
Embodiment 1
A kind of lilium oriental rejuvenation method comprises the steps:
A, whole ground
With the long 10m～15m of the smooth one-tenth thing in plot, soil is ploughed deeply 25cm～30cm, the high 25cm～30cm in the furrow ridge, furrow and furrow spacing 50～60cm in the little furrow of the wide 1.0m～1.2m in north and south, little furrow;
B, fertilising
Before the plantation soil is loosened, cover the thick humus soil of 20cm～25cm in furrow, water content is controlled at 18%～20% in the humus soil; Press every 667m in the humus soil
2Add the cow dung 2000～3000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, add phosphorus potash fertilizer simultaneously, contain P in the phosphorus potash fertilizer
2O
59kg, K
2O15kg mixes;
C, the sterilization of kind ball
In October then, after the last ten-days period, first batch of fresh flower gathered, to plant ball surface earth cleans, to plant ball then packs in the nylon string bag, with putting into liquor potassic permanganate 3-5 minute, the mass concentration of liquor potassic permanganate is 1/1000, it is clean with flushing with clean water to plant ball after the sterilization, puts 13～15 ℃ of shady and cool places, air-dry kind of ball surface moisture;
D, kind ball athermobiosis are handled
Transplant in greenhouse by solar heat through the kind ball after disinfecting, the thick forest humus of 20cm is spread as cultivation matrix in greenhouse by solar heat ground, and the greenhouse by solar heat ventilating opening is opened, and does not close round the clock; Temperature is maintained-4 ℃～-5 ℃ in the greenhouse, and the ground substrate temperature is-1.5 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃; Through 10 time-of-weeks, the kind ball begins rudiment and can finish cold treatment, digs out, goes clean earth, vanning then under this cryogenic conditions, successively pile up during vanning, and one deck kind ball one deck vermiculite, the vermiculite layers water content remains on about 50%, preserves under 2～4 ℃ of conditions; Described rudiment length must not surpass 1cm, otherwise young shoot subject to damage and freeze injury in transplanting afterwards;
E, the rejuvenation of kind ball
In late March, second, the kind ball that athermobiosis is handled is transplanted in the little furrow described in the step a, plant the ball top apart from native face 12cm～15cm, spacing in the rows 10cm～12cm, line-spacing 13cm～15cm, after the kind ball is emerged, in liberal supply moisture, begin May, impose liquid fertilizer 1 time every about 10 days, need use 2-3 time altogether, liquid fertilizer soaks the system of macerating with the dregs of fat and forms, get the dregs of fat and put into container, the weight ratio of the dregs of fat and water is 3:20, soaks 20-30 days, dilutes 10 times with clear water before using, make it become liquid fertilizer, impose 1000kg at every turn; Plant foliage-spray aqueous solution of urea, mass concentration is 0.5% in the aqueous solution of urea, sprays the plant blade face, all spray at face of blade, the back side; Increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer is 1～2 time again, and trench digging is imbedded phosphorus potash fertilizer in the soil of 5-10cm below the plants stems base portion between plant, contains P in the phosphorus potash fertilizer
2O
5, K
2Each 5kg of O, application effect is for well behind the rain, and high temperature surpassed 32 ℃ and stopped to fertilising the hot summer days; Continue after the beginning of autumn to execute phosphorus potash fertilizer, and enrich the nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer 1～2 time; Nitrogen element mass concentration is 0.5% in the nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer, per 667 m
2Execute 10kg nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer in the soil;
Plant two row Chinese sorghums respectively in the north and south of kind of ball side, Chinese sorghum line-spacing 10cm, spacing in the rows 10cm, enter the megathermal period June, and Chinese sorghum can be kind of a ball shading, prevents that the sun directly shines kind of the ball of burning, and improves kind of a ball survival rate.
F, weeding and excision bud
In the rejuvenation phase, need weed a garden once during weeding loosen the soil operation in per about 10 days in the ball kind; When bud begins to expand in addition, need in time to extract bud,, guarantee kind of a ball nutrient supply abundance to reduce nutrient consumption.
Embodiment 2
A kind of lilium oriental rejuvenation method comprises the steps:
A, whole ground
With the long 10m～15m of the smooth one-tenth thing in plot, soil is ploughed deeply 25cm～30cm, the high 25cm～30cm in the furrow ridge, furrow and furrow spacing 50～60cm in the little furrow of the wide 1.0m～1.2m in north and south, little furrow;
B, fertilising
Before the plantation soil is loosened, cover the thick humus soil of 20cm～25cm in furrow, water content is controlled at 18%～20% in the humus soil; Press every 667m in the humus soil
2Add the cow dung 2000～3000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, add phosphorus potash fertilizer simultaneously, contain P in the phosphorus potash fertilizer
2O
59kg, K
2O15kg mixes;
C, the sterilization of kind ball
In October then, after the last ten-days period, first batch of fresh flower gathered, to plant ball surface earth cleans, to plant ball then packs in the nylon string bag, with putting into liquor potassic permanganate 3-5 minute, the mass concentration of liquor potassic permanganate is 1/1000, it is clean with flushing with clean water to plant ball after the sterilization, puts 13～15 ℃ of shady and cool places, air-dry kind of ball surface moisture;
D, kind ball athermobiosis are handled
In 10 months, the last ten-days period, plucking kind ball direct transplanting after the fresh flower sterilization in little furrow, plant the ball top apart from native face 15cm, plant ball spacing in the rows 10cm, line-spacing 15cm plants the back and cover the thick horsehit of 20cm on little furrow, control kind of a ball surrounding soil temperature is-1.5 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃.Be fit to disperse on a small scale plantation;
E, the rejuvenation of kind ball
In late March, second, the kind ball that athermobiosis is handled is transplanted in the little furrow described in the step a, plant the ball top apart from native face 12cm～15cm, spacing in the rows 10cm～12cm, line-spacing 13cm～15cm, after the kind ball is emerged, in liberal supply moisture, begin May, impose liquid fertilizer 1 time every about 10 days, need use 2-3 time altogether, liquid fertilizer soaks the system of macerating with the dregs of fat and forms, get the dregs of fat and put into container, the weight ratio of the dregs of fat and water is 3:20, soaks 20-30 days, dilutes 10 times with clear water before using, make it become liquid fertilizer, impose 1000kg at every turn; Plant foliage-spray aqueous solution of urea, mass concentration is 0.5% in the aqueous solution of urea, sprays the plant blade face, all spray at face of blade, the back side; Increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer is 1～2 time again, and trench digging is imbedded phosphorus potash fertilizer in the soil of 5-10cm below the plants stems base portion between plant, contains P in the phosphorus potash fertilizer
2O
5, K
2Each 5kg of O, application effect is for well behind the rain, and high temperature surpassed 32 ℃ and stopped to fertilising the hot summer days; Continue after the beginning of autumn to execute phosphorus potash fertilizer, and enrich the nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer 1～2 time; Nitrogen element mass concentration is 0.2～0.3% in the nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer, sprays on the plant blade face;
Plant two row Chinese sorghums respectively in the north and south of kind of ball side, Chinese sorghum line-spacing 10cm, spacing in the rows 10cm, enter the megathermal period June, and Chinese sorghum can be kind of a ball shading, prevents that the sun directly shines kind of the ball of burning, and improves kind of a ball survival rate.
F, weeding and excision bud
In the rejuvenation phase, need weed a garden once during weeding loosen the soil operation in per about 10 days in the ball kind; When bud begins to expand in addition, need in time to extract bud,, guarantee kind of a ball nutrient supply abundance to reduce nutrient consumption.
Embodiment 3
A kind of lilium oriental rejuvenation method comprises the steps:
A, whole ground
With the long 10m～15m of the smooth one-tenth thing in plot, soil is ploughed deeply 25cm～30cm, the high 25cm～30cm in the furrow ridge, furrow and furrow spacing 50～60cm in the little furrow of the wide 1.0m～1.2m in north and south, little furrow;
B, fertilising
Before the plantation soil is loosened, cover the thick humus soil of 20cm～25cm in furrow, water content is controlled at 18%～20% in the humus soil; Press every 667m in the humus soil
2Add the cow dung 2000～3000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, add phosphorus potash fertilizer simultaneously, contain P in the phosphorus potash fertilizer
2O
59kg, K
2O15kg mixes;
C, the sterilization of kind ball
In October then, after the last ten-days period, first batch of fresh flower gathered, to plant ball surface earth cleans, to plant ball then packs in the nylon string bag, with putting into liquor potassic permanganate 3-5 minute, the mass concentration of liquor potassic permanganate is 1/1000, it is clean with flushing with clean water to plant ball after the sterilization, puts 13～15 ℃ of shady and cool places, air-dry kind of ball surface moisture;
D, kind ball athermobiosis are handled
The kind ball of gathering after sterilizing is put in the low-temperature cold store 10 weeks of dormancy under-1.5 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃ condition.Be particularly suitable for the large tracts of land popularizing planting, be applicable to specialization, large-scale production;
E, the rejuvenation of kind ball
In late March, second, the kind ball that athermobiosis is handled is transplanted in the little furrow described in the step a, plant the ball top apart from native face 12cm～15cm, spacing in the rows 10cm～12cm, line-spacing 13cm～15cm, after the kind ball is emerged, in liberal supply moisture, begin May, impose liquid fertilizer 1 time every about 10 days, need use 2-3 time altogether, liquid fertilizer soaks the system of macerating with the dregs of fat and forms, get the dregs of fat and put into container, the weight ratio of the dregs of fat and water is 3:20, soaks 20-30 days, dilutes 10 times with clear water before using, make it become liquid fertilizer, impose 1000kg at every turn; Plant foliage-spray aqueous solution of urea, mass concentration is 0.5% in the aqueous solution of urea, sprays the plant blade face; Increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer is 1～2 time again, and trench digging is imbedded phosphorus potash fertilizer in the soil of 5-10cm below the plants stems base portion between plant, contains P in the phosphorus potash fertilizer
2O
5, K
2Each 5kg of O, application effect is for well behind the rain, and high temperature surpassed 32 ℃ and stopped to fertilising the hot summer days; Continue after the beginning of autumn to execute phosphorus potash fertilizer, and enrich the nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer 1～2 time; Nitrogen element mass concentration is 0.5% in the nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer, per 667 m
2Execute 10kg nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer in the soil;
Plant two row Chinese sorghums respectively in the north and south of kind of ball side, Chinese sorghum line-spacing 10cm, spacing in the rows 10cm, enter the megathermal period June, and Chinese sorghum can be kind of a ball shading, prevents that the sun directly shines kind of the ball of burning, and improves kind of a ball survival rate.
F, weeding and excision bud
In the rejuvenation phase, need weed a garden once during weeding loosen the soil operation in per about 10 days in the ball kind; When bud begins to expand in addition, need in time to extract bud,, guarantee kind of a ball nutrient supply abundance to reduce nutrient consumption.
The main economic characters of three kinds of low temperature treatment methods of table 1. rejuvenation lily ball relatively
﹡ annotates: plant ball and reasons such as mashed kind occur in low-temperature process, survival rate is descended, reproduction coefficient is less than 1.
Result of the test for many years shows (table 1), three kinds of different athermobiosis methods are after rejuvenation is handled, the fresh weight of lily plant height and results bulb, week directly all increase significantly, the lilium oriental of introducing is taked the said method rejuvenation after planting a season, results week the kind ball of footpath 16～18cm can reach more than 30%, the 12cm balling ratio can reach 68%, if select the clove breeding for use, planted for two seasons, 80% bulb can reach more than all stem 12cm.
We are comparing through the lilium oriental of the technology of the present invention rejuvenation and the lilium oriental plantation of introduction, at first, because the technology of the present invention rejuvenation kind ball cost has only about 1/7 of introduced variety ball, therefore remarkable in economical benefits improves, the kind ball of plantation the technology of the present invention rejuvenation, per 667 ㎡ kinds are planted 4500 strains, cost is 4500 * 0.45 yuan=2025 yuan, 3.5 yuan of every the prices of fresh flower of gathering, every per mu yield value is 4500 * 3.5=15750 unit, removes kind of a ball expense, takes in 13725 yuan for every mu, deduction fertilizer and artificial, every mu of net income is more than 10,000 yuan.And the kind ball that plantation is introduced, cost per mu is 4500 * 2.98 yuan=13420 yuan, removes kind of a ball expense, and every mu of income has only 2330 yuan, and deduction fertilizer and artificial does not have profit basically.The lilium oriental that adopts the technology of the present invention rejuvenation is than 11395 yuan of every mu of saving funds of lilium oriental of introducing.Secondly, adopt the lilium oriental individual plant of the technology of the present invention rejuvenation to become to spend the strain number more than 3 can reach 76%, wherein 17% plant individual plant becomes flower to reach 5.And the lilium oriental individual plant of introducing becomes to spend 3 and above strain number to have only 63%.
Claims (8)
1. a lilium oriental rejuvenation method is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A, whole ground
With the long 10m～15m of the smooth one-tenth thing in plot, soil is ploughed deeply 25cm～30cm, the high 25cm～30cm in the furrow ridge, furrow and furrow spacing 50～60cm in the little furrow of the wide 1.0m～1.2m in north and south, little furrow;
B, fertilising
Before the plantation soil is loosened, cover the thick humus soil of 20cm～25cm in furrow, water content is controlled at 18%～20% in the humus soil; Add cow dung and the phosphorus potash fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed in the humus soil;
C, the sterilization of kind ball
In October then, after the last ten-days period, first batch of fresh flower gathered, to plant ball surface earth cleans, to plant ball then packs in the nylon string bag, put into liquor potassic permanganate 3-5 minute, the mass concentration of liquor potassic permanganate is 1/1000, it is clean with flushing with clean water to plant ball after the sterilization, puts 13～15 ℃ of shady and cool places, air-dry kind of ball surface moisture;
D, kind ball athermobiosis are handled
Transplant in greenhouse by solar heat through the kind ball after disinfecting, the thick forest humus of 20cm is spread as cultivation matrix in greenhouse by solar heat ground, and the greenhouse by solar heat ventilating opening is opened, and does not close round the clock; Temperature is maintained-4 ℃～-5 ℃ in the greenhouse, and the ground substrate temperature is-1.5 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃; Through 10 time-of-weeks, the kind ball begins rudiment and can finish cold treatment, digs out, goes clean earth, vanning then under this cryogenic conditions, successively pile up during vanning, and one deck kind ball one deck vermiculite, the vermiculite layers water content remains on about 50%, preserves under 2～4 ℃ of conditions; Described rudiment length must not surpass 1cm, otherwise young shoot subject to damage and freeze injury in transplanting afterwards;
E, the rejuvenation of kind ball
In late March, second, the kind ball that athermobiosis is handled is transplanted in the little furrow described in the step a, plant the ball top apart from native face 12cm～15cm, spacing in the rows 10cm～12cm, line-spacing 13cm～15cm is after the kind ball is emerged, in liberal supply moisture, impose liquid fertilizer May 1 time every about 10 days, need use 2-3 time altogether; Plant foliage-spray aqueous solution of urea, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer is 1～2 time again; Continue after the beginning of autumn to execute phosphorus potash fertilizer, and enrich the nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer 1～2 time;
F, weeding and excision bud
In the rejuvenation phase, need weed a garden once during weeding loosen the soil operation in per about 10 days in the ball kind; When bud begins to expand in addition, need in time to extract bud,, guarantee kind of a ball nutrient supply abundance to reduce nutrient consumption.
2. a kind of lilium oriental rejuvenation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that among the described step b in the humus soil by every 667m
2Add the cow dung 2000～3000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, add phosphorus potash fertilizer simultaneously, contain P in the phosphorus potash fertilizer
2O
59kg, K
2O15kg mixes.
3. a kind of lilium oriental rejuvenation method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that described steps d can also for: in 10 months, the last ten-days period, plucking kind ball direct transplanting after the fresh flower sterilization in little furrow, plant the ball top apart from native face 15cm, plant ball spacing in the rows 10cm, line-spacing 15cm plants the back and cover the thick horsehit of 20cm on little furrow, and control kind of a ball surrounding soil temperature is-1.5 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃.
4. a kind of lilium oriental rejuvenation method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that described steps d can also for: gather the sterilization after the kind ball put in the low-temperature cold store 10 weeks of dormancy under-1.5 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃ condition.
5. a kind of lilium oriental rejuvenation method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that the liquid fertilizer among the described step e forms with the dregs of fat immersion system of macerating, get the dregs of fat and put into container, the weight ratio of the dregs of fat and water is 3:20, soaked 20-30 days, with 10 times of clear water dilutions, make it become liquid fertilizer before using, impose 1000kg at every turn.
6. a kind of lilium oriental rejuvenation method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that among the described step e that mass concentration is 0.5% in the aqueous solution of urea, sprays the plant blade face, and all spray at face of blade, the back side; Increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer is 1～2 time again, and trench digging is imbedded phosphorus potash fertilizer in the soil of 5-10cm below the plants stems base portion between plant, contains P in the phosphorus potash fertilizer
2O
5, K
2Each 5kg of O, application effect is for well behind the rain, and high temperature surpassed 32 ℃ and stopped to fertilising the hot summer days, continued to execute phosphorus potash fertilizer after the beginning of autumn, and enriched the nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer 1～2 time, and nitrogen element mass concentration is 0.5% in the nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer, per 667 m
2Execute 10kg nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer in the soil.
7. a kind of lilium oriental rejuvenation method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that enriching among the described step e nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer 1～2 time, nitrogen element mass concentration is 0.2～0.3% in the nitrate of lime liquid fertilizer, sprays on the plant blade face, and all spray at face of blade, the back side.
8. a kind of lilium oriental rejuvenation method according to claim 1 when it is characterized in that ball is planted in described step e plantation, is planted two row Chinese sorghums, Chinese sorghum line-spacing 10cm, spacing in the rows 10cm respectively in the north and south of kind of ball side.
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| CN103650976A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-03-26 | 赵兴华 | Formula of box-planted cut flower lily substrate |
| CN104956879A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-10-07 | 柳州市合联农业有限公司 | Cultivation method for oriental lilies |
| CN105309175A (en) * | 2014-10-18 | 2016-02-10 | 颍上县永祥旱粮研究所 | A lily cultivation and selection method |
| CN105746318A (en) * | 2016-02-28 | 2016-07-13 | 连云港西诺花卉种业有限公司 | Method for breeding bulblets by means of lily bulb scales |
| CN106665105A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-05-17 | 连云港市农业科学院 | Method for breeding bulbs of bulbus lilii by aid of sunlight greenhouses |
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| CN109729951A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-10 | 浦江县晶富农业科技有限公司 | A kind of lily ball rejuvenation method |
| CN115918482A (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2023-04-07 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | Method for rapidly and efficiently breeding lily bulbs by using buds |
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| CN103650976A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-03-26 | 赵兴华 | Formula of box-planted cut flower lily substrate |
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| CN106665105A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-05-17 | 连云港市农业科学院 | Method for breeding bulbs of bulbus lilii by aid of sunlight greenhouses |
| CN107926193A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-04-20 | 上海种业（集团）有限公司 | The method of lily ball long-term storage |
| CN109729951A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-10 | 浦江县晶富农业科技有限公司 | A kind of lily ball rejuvenation method |
| CN115918482A (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2023-04-07 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | Method for rapidly and efficiently breeding lily bulbs by using buds |
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