CN103119329B - 用于电驱动或混合驱动机构的传动装置 - Google Patents

用于电驱动或混合驱动机构的传动装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103119329B
CN103119329B CN201180035179.9A CN201180035179A CN103119329B CN 103119329 B CN103119329 B CN 103119329B CN 201180035179 A CN201180035179 A CN 201180035179A CN 103119329 B CN103119329 B CN 103119329B
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actuating device
rotating member
brake
clutch
input unit
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CN103119329A (zh
Inventor
勒尔·马里·范德鲁滕
亚历山大·弗朗西斯库斯·阿尼塔·塞拉恩斯
巴斯·赫拉德·弗勒门
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Bangqi Power Tram Co ltd
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DTI Group BV
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/043—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
    • B60K17/046—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel with planetary gearing having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/12—Torque-transmitting axles
    • B60B35/121—Power-transmission from drive shaft to hub
    • B60B35/122—Power-transmission from drive shaft to hub using gearings
    • B60B35/125—Power-transmission from drive shaft to hub using gearings of the planetary type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/06—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
    • B60K17/08—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing of mechanical type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
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    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/62—Gearings having three or more central gears
    • F16H3/66—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/721—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with an energy dissipating device, e.g. regulating brake or fluid throttle, in order to vary speed continuously
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/001—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units one motor mounted on a propulsion axle for rotating right and left wheels of this axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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Abstract

一种驱动机构，包括传动装置(1)以及电动机/发电机(5)。传动装置(1)经由输入部(11)连接到电动机/发电机，并经由输出部(13)连接到轮(3)。传动装置(1)具有两个行星齿轮组(19)和(27)，它们各自具有三个旋转构件，其中第一旋转构件(21)和(29)连接到输入部，第二旋转构件(23)和(31)连接到输出部，第三旋转构件(25)和(33)分别连接到第一制动器(35)和第二制动器(37)。通过致动制动器(35)和(37)中的任一者，在输入部与输出部之间形成变速齿轮。通过在一个制动器的释放期间致动另一个制动器，能够在不中断从电动机/发电机(5)到负载(3)的扭矩传递的情况下，在两个变速齿轮之间进行切换，或者反之亦然。

Description

用于电驱动或混合驱动机构的传动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于电驱动或混合驱动机构的传动装置，该传动装置具有能够连接到电动机/发电机的输入部以及能够连接到负载的输出部，该传动装置包括第一行星齿轮组，该第一行星齿轮组由太阳轮、托架（行星齿轮位于其上）以及齿圈形成的至少三个旋转构件构成，并且该齿轮组中的第一旋转构件连接到输入部，第二旋转构件连接到输出部，而第三旋转构件连接到第一制动器，该传动装置还包括由至少三个旋转构件构成的第二行星齿轮组，该第二行星齿轮组的第一旋转构件连接到该输入部，该第二行星齿轮组的第二旋转构件连接到该输出部，而该第二行星齿轮组的第三旋转构件连接到第二制动器。
背景技术
从文献US2007/072723中已知这种类型的传动装置。对于电动或混合驱动机构而言，期望提供一种传动装置，这种传动装置的驱动源与负载之间具有有限数量（优选为2或3）的齿轮齿数比，以便在能实现更有利的燃料消耗的工作区之中进行操作期间具有一个或多个驱动源功能。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种在首段中限定的类型的传动装置，为此，以简单且有利的方式来实现该传动装置的有限数量的可切换的变速齿轮（speed transforminggear，变速档）。为了这一目的，根据本发明的传动装置的特征在于，两个制动器中的一个制动器被设置为摩擦制动器，而另一个制动器被设置为锁定制动器。这优选地作为爪形离合器或者花键离合器而被设置到固定对象（传动装置外壳），由此能够容易地支撑高扭矩。通过使能够耗散动力的制动器具有干板式构造，而使得该制动器（干板式制动器）不需要包括用于冷却该制动器的油冷却器，并且也不存在当该制动器不致动时由于油滑移而导致的滑动损失。在该传动装置中使用两个制动器的好处在于，它们能够以比离合器更容易的方式从固定对象（传动装置外壳）被致动，并且在该制动器中消散的热量能够直接地传递到该传动装置外壳。
根据本发明的传动装置的实施例，其特征在于，两个行星齿轮组的第一旋转构件和第二旋转构件均彼此直接连接。或者，仅第一旋转构件或第二旋转构件彼此直接地连接的实施例也是可行的。
优选地，两个行星齿轮组的行星（齿轮）相对于托架自由地轴颈连接（journaled），而不彼此直接连接。这样做的好处在于，在这种情况下该传动装置的有效作用确实能够比当这些行星齿轮直接联接时的更大。
本发明同样涉及一种用于电驱动或混合驱动机构的传动装置，该传动装置具有能够连接到电动机/发电机的输入部以及能够连接到负载的输出部。关于该传动装置，本发明的传动装置包括由至少四个旋转构件构成的组合式行星齿轮组，这些旋转构件由至少一个太阳轮、至少一个托架（其容纳行星齿轮）以及至少一个齿圈形成，该齿轮组的第一旋转构件连接到输入部，第二旋转构件连接到输出部，第三旋转构件连接到第一制动器，而第四旋转构件连接到第二制动器。至于该传动装置，本发明的特征在于，两个制动器中的一个制动器被设置为摩擦制动器，而另一个制动器被设置为锁定制动器。这优选地作为爪形离合器或者花键离合器而被设置到固定对象（传动装置外壳），由此能够容易地支撑高扭矩。通过使能够耗散动力的制动器具有干板式构造，而使得该制动器（干板式制动器）不需要包括用于冷却该制动器的油冷却器，并且也不存在当该制动器不致动时由于油滑移而导致的滑动损失。在该传动装置中，同样以简单且有利的方式实现了有限数量的可切换的变速齿轮。
传动装置的一个实施例的特征在于，第三旋转构件和第四旋转构件与行星齿轮接合，这些行星齿轮相对于托架自由地轴颈连接，而不彼此直接连接。
根据本发明的传动装置的另一实施例的特征在于，这些行星齿轮相对于该托架自由地轴颈连接，并且因此不彼此直接连接。
行星轴能够被设置在相对于该托架的中心的不同半径的位置处。然而，一个实施例的特征在于，这些行星轴被设置在相对于该托架的中心的相同半径处。
优选地，第一旋转构件是太阳轮。此外，第二旋转构件优选为托架。第三和第四旋转构件优选为齿圈。
这些齿圈可具有相同或不同的直径。最大的太阳轮可设置在该传动装置的输入侧或输出侧上。
根据本发明的传动装置的又一实施例，其特征在于，该行星齿轮组被设置为使得通过致动该第一制动器获得最小的减速，并且通过致动该第二制动器获得最大的减速。
根据本发明的再一实施例的特征在于，该传动装置包括至少一个离合器，该离合器由能够彼此联接的两个离合器部段构成，其中第一离合器部段连接到该输入部，而第二离合器部段连接到该输出部，或者其中该第一离合器部段连接到该输入部或该输出部，而该第二离合器部段连接到这些制动器中的任意一个。该离合器优选地被设置为摩擦离合器，优选地为湿式摩擦离合器。
根据本发明的传动装置的另一实施例，其特征在于，该离合器能够耗散大量的动力，而这些制动器不能耗散大量的动力，或者，这些制动器中的至少任意一个能够耗散大量的动力，而该离合器不能耗散大量的动力。
该离合器还可被设置为锁定离合器，例如爪形离合器或花键离合器。这些制动器和/或离合器优选地能够各自借助其本身的致动器，通过这些制动器和/或离合器的组合致动而进行操作。
三个或更多的不同直径的行星齿轮能够在共同的托架上轴颈连接。此外，能够设置三个或更多的制动器，其中每一个制动器均能够将单独的齿圈连接到该固定对象。
本发明同样涉及一种驱动机构，该驱动机构包括电动机/发电机和负载，并且两者之间设有根据本发明的传动装置。关于该驱动机构，本发明的特征在于，该输入部连接到该电动机/发电机，而该输出部连接到该负载。
在该负载（多个轮）与该第二旋转构件之间可设有另一变速齿轮，该另一变速齿轮可被设置为行星齿轮组。
优选地，该输入部直接连接到该电动机/发电机，而该输出部直接连接到该负载。
根据本发明的驱动机构的实施例的特征在于，该驱动机构还包括经由另一离合器连接到该输入部的内燃机。
在该驱动机构的另一有利的实施例中，该内燃机连接到该组合式行星齿轮组的第四旋转构件。
根据本发明的驱动机构的另一实施例的特征在于，在该负载与该第二旋转构件之间设有另一变速齿轮。该另一变速齿轮例如被设置为行星齿轮组和/或差速器和/或方形传动装置和/或链传动装置和/或齿带传动装置和/或齿轮传动装置。
根据本发明的驱动机构的再一实施例，其特征在于，该负载包括至少一个轮，该第二旋转构件直接连接到该轮的轮辋或毂。
此外，本发明涉及一种方法，借助该方法，能够在根据本发明的传动装置中，通过以滑动的方式暂时地操作该离合器或者这些制动器中的任意一个，而在保持将扭矩从该输入部传递到该输出部或者从该输出部传递到该输入部的同时，从一个变速齿轮切换到另一个变速齿轮。
附图说明
以下，将基于附图中所示的根据本发明传动装置模块的实施例的示例更详细地描述本发明，其中：
图1给出了设有根据本发明的传动装置的第一实施例的、根据本发明的驱动机构的第一实施例的图解示意图；
图2给出了设有根据本发明的第二实施例的传动装置的、根据本发明的驱动机构的第二实施例的图解示意图；
图3给出了具有锁定制动器和摩擦制动器的根据本发明的传动装置的第三实施例的结构示意图；
图4给出了具有两个摩擦制动器的根据本发明的传动装置的第四实施例的结构示意图；
图5给出了具有两个锁定制动器的根据本发明的传动装置的第五实施例的结构示意图；
图6给出了具有两个锁定制动器和一个锁定离合器的根据本发明的传动装置的第六实施例的结构示意图；
图7给出了具有两个锁定制动器和一个摩擦离合器的根据本发明的传动装置的第七实施例的结构示意图；
图8给出了具有干板式摩擦制动器和湿板式摩擦制动器的根据本发明的传动装置的第八实施例的结构示意图；
图9给出了设置在轮辋中的根据本发明的传动装置的第九实施例的结构示意图；
图10示出了图9中所示的传动装置的具体的实施例；
图11给出了设置在轮辋中并且设有短路离合器（short circuit clutch）的根据本发明的传动装置的第十实施例的结构示意图；
图12给出了设置在轮辋中并且在不同的位置处设有短路离合器的根据本发明的传动装置的第十一实施例的结构示意图；
图13给出了设有根据本发明的传动装置的第十二实施例的根据本发明的驱动机构的第三实施例的图解示意图；以及
图14给出了图13中所示的驱动机构的图解示意图。
具体实施方式
图1给出了设有根据本发明的传动装置的第一实施例的、根据本发明的驱动机构的第一实施例的图解示意图。该传动装置1形成用于负载3（例如车辆的轮）的驱动机构的一部分。除了该传动装置以外，该驱动机构包括电动机/发电机5，其经由动力电子设备7连接到电池9。传动装置1具有：输入部11，连接到电动机/发电机5；以及输出部13，连接到轮3。该驱动机构还可包括内燃机15，其能够通过离合器17联接到该传动装置的输入部及从该输入部脱离联接。
传动装置1包括两个行星齿轮组19和27，这两个行星齿轮组各自包括三个旋转构件，其中第一旋转构件21和29由太阳轮形成并且连接到该输入部，第二旋转构件23和31由托架形成并且连接到该输出部，而第三旋转构件25和33由齿圈形成并且分别连接到第一制动器35和第二制动器37。通过致动制动器35和37中的一个，在输入部与输出部之间获得变速齿轮。因此，能够实现两个不同的变速齿轮。通过将这两个制动器全部释放，输入部与输出部脱离联接（空档位置），并且通过致动这两个制动器，将传动装置阻断（停车位置）。通过在释放一个制动器期间致动另一个制动器，能够在不中断从电动机/发动机5到负载3的扭矩传递的情况下在两个传动装置之间进行切换，或者反之亦然。负载3由末端驱动和连接到该末端驱动的轮构成。该末端驱动可以是齿轮传动装置或行星齿轮组，或者链式或带式传动装置，或者差速器。
这两个行星齿轮组具有相同的从行星轴到托架中心的直径。这两个行星齿轮组被设置为通过致动第一制动器而获得最小的减速，并且通过致动第二制动器而获得最大的减速。
图2给出了设有根据本发明的传动装置的第二实施例的、根据本发明的驱动机构的第二实施例的图解示意图。在该实施例中，与图1中表示的第一实施例的所有部件相同的部件由同样的附图标记标示。在该传动装置41中，在任一行星齿轮组19或27的三个旋转构件中的两个之间可设有短路离合器43，由此可获得第三变速齿轮。
图3给出了根据本发明的传动装置的第三实施例的结构示意图。传动装置45包括具有四个旋转构件的组合式行星齿轮组47，其中第一旋转构件49由阶形齿太阳轮形成，第二旋转构件51由托架形成，行星齿轮53和55彼此独立地在该托架上自由地轴颈连接，而第三旋转构件57和第四旋转构件59由齿圈形成。第一旋转构件49在这种情况中同样连接到输入部11并且第二旋转构件也连接到输出部13。第三旋转构件57连接到第一制动器35，而第四旋转构件59连接到第二制动器37。在该传动装置45中，第一制动器35被设置为摩擦制动器，而第二制动器37被设置为锁定制动器。第一制动器能够耗散大量的动力，而第二制动器不能耗散大量动力。
图4给出了根据本发明的传动装置的第四实施例的结构示意图。在该实施例和其他实施例中，与图3中所示的第三实施例的部件相同或具有同样功能的所有部件由同样的附图标记标示。在该传动装置61中，两个制动器35和37被设置为摩擦制动器。该传动装置的输出部13经由齿轮63联接到差速器65。
在图5中所示的传动装置67的第五实施例中，制动器35和37被设置为锁定制动器，其中仅一个能够被闭合，或者哪一个均不能被闭合。这里，输出部13是通过连接到差速器65的链式或带式传动装置69而形成。图6中所示的传动装置71的第六实施例还包括锁定离合器73，该锁定离合器能够将第一旋转构件49和第二旋转构件51直接彼此连接。
在图7中所示的传动装置75的第七实施例中，短路离合器73被设置为湿式摩擦制动器。此处，短路离合器能够耗散大量的动力，而制动器不能耗散大量的动力。通过以滑动方式操作该短路离合器，能够在不中断从电动机/发电机5到负载3的扭矩传递的情况下在两个传动装置之间进行切换，或者反之亦然。在图8中所示的传动装置77的第八实施例中，这两个制动器都是摩擦制动器，其中第一制动器35是干式摩擦制动器，而第二制动器37是具有锥形制动表面的湿式摩擦制动器。
图9和图10给出了作为驱动机构的一部分的传动装置79的第九实施例的结构示意图，该驱动机构还包括电动机/发电机81，该电动机/发电机具有安装在轮的轮辋87中的转子83和定子85。输出部13借助另一行星齿轮组89连接到轮的毂91。此外，在该轮辋中设有轮制动器93。
图11和图12示出作为驱动机构的一部分的传动装置95和97的第十和第十一实施例。这两个传动装置都包括通过闭合制动器35和37以及短路离合器43而获得的三个变速齿轮。在图11中示出的传动装置95中，短路离合器43设置在第一旋转构件49与第二旋转构件51之间。在图12中示出的传动装置97中，短路离合器43设置在第二旋转构件51与第三旋转构件57之间。
图13给出了设有根据本发明的传动装置的第十二实施例的、根据本发明的驱动机构的第三实施例的图解示意图。在该实施例和其他实施例中，与图3中所示的第三实施例的部件相同或具有同样功能的所有部件由同样的附图标记标示。在该传动装置101中，内燃机15连接到第一行星齿轮组19的第三旋转构件59。在内燃机15与行星齿轮组19之间可额外地设有另一变速齿轮102。在该实施例中，第一制动器35由能够耗散大量动力的干板式制动器形成，而第二制动器37由自由轮轴承或爪形离合器形成，其一部分连接到固定的对象上并且其不能够耗散动力。
图14示出了图13中所示的驱动机构的结构示意图。输出部13通过另一传动单元103连接到差速器105，并且在两个行星齿轮组19与27之间被固定到这两个齿轮组的行星托架51。行星齿轮组19和27的行星齿轮53和55的轴还可被设置在相对于托架51的中心的直径彼此不同的位置。这一点借助虚线示出。
虽然前文已基于附图对本发明进行了描述，但应注意到的是，本发明不以任何方式或手段限制于附图中所示的实施例。本发明还扩展到所有与附图中所示的不同的、但处于权利要求书限定的精神和范围内的所有实施例。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于电驱动或混合驱动机构的传动装置(1；41)，该传动装置具有：输入部(11)，其能够连接到电动机/发电机(5)，以及输出部(13)，其能够连接到负载(3)，该传动装置包括由至少三个旋转构件(21，23，25)构成的第一行星齿轮组(19)，所述旋转构件由太阳轮、其上设有行星齿轮的托架及齿圈形成，该第一行星齿轮组的第一旋转构件(21)连接到该输入部，该第一行星齿轮组的第二旋转构件(23)连接到该输出部，而该第一行星齿轮组的第三旋转构件(25)连接到第一制动器(35)，该传动装置(1；41)还包括由至少三个旋转构件(29，31，33)构成的第二行星齿轮组(27)，该第二行星齿轮组(27)的第一旋转构件(29)连接到该输入部(11)，该第二行星齿轮组的第二旋转构件(31)连接到该输出部(13)，而该第二行星齿轮组的第三旋转构件(33)连接到第二制动器(37)，其特征在于，两个制动器中的一个制动器(35)被设置为摩擦制动器，而另一个制动器(37)被设置为爪形离合器，该爪形离合器的一个离合器部分连接到固定的对象，并且所述第一行星齿轮组(19)与所述第二行星齿轮组(27)的行星齿轮并不彼此直接联接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的传动装置(1；41)，其特征在于，所述第一行星齿轮组和第二行星齿轮组(19，27)的第一旋转构件(21，29)彼此直接连接，并且所述第一行星齿轮组和第二行星齿轮组(19，27)的第二旋转构件(23，31)彼此直接连接。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的传动装置，其特征在于，所述第一行星齿轮组和第二行星齿轮组(19，27)的行星齿轮相对于托架自由地轴颈连接。
4.一种用于电驱动或混合驱动机构的传动装置(45；61；67；71；75；77；79；95；97)，该装置具有：输入部(11)，其能够连接到电动机/发电机(5)；以及输出部(13)，其能够连接到负载(3)，该传动装置包括由至少四个旋转构件(49，51，57，59)构成的组合式行星齿轮组(47)，所述旋转构件由至少一个太阳轮、至少一个容纳多个行星齿轮的托架以及至少一个齿圈形成，该行星齿轮组(47)的第一旋转构件(49)连接到该输入部(11)，该行星齿轮组的第二旋转构件(51)连接到该输出部(13)，该行星齿轮组的第三旋转构件(57)连接到第一制动器(35)，而该行星齿轮组的第四旋转构件(59)连接到第二制动器(37)，其特征在于，两个制动器中的一个制动器(35)被设置为摩擦制动器，而另一个制动器(37)被设置为爪形离合器，该爪形离合器的一个离合器部分连接到固定的对象，并且所述行星齿轮(53，55)并不彼此直接联接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的传动装置(45；61；67；71；75；77；79；95；97)，其特征在于，该第三旋转构件(57)与所述行星齿轮(53，55)之一接合，而该第四旋转构件(59)与所述行星齿轮(53，55)之另一接合，所述行星齿轮(53，55)相对于该托架(51)自由地轴颈连接。
6.根据权利要求4所述的传动装置(45；61；67；71；75；77；79；95；97)，其特征在于，在相对于该托架(51)的中心的相同的半径处设有多个行星轴。
7.根据权利要求4到6中任一项所述的传动装置(45；61；67；71；75；77；79；95；97)，其特征在于，该第一旋转构件(49)是太阳轮。
8.根据权利要求4到6中任一项所述的传动装置(45；61；67；71；75；77；79；95；97)，其特征在于，该第二旋转构件(51)是托架。
9.根据权利要求4到6中任一项所述的传动装置(45；61；67；71；75；77；79；95；97)，其特征在于，该第三旋转构件(57)和第四旋转构件(59)是齿圈。
10.根据权利要求4到6中任一项所述的传动装置(45；61；67；71；75；77；79；95；97)，其特征在于，该行星齿轮组(47)被设置为通过致动该第一制动器(35)获得最小的减速，并且通过致动该第二制动器(37)获得最大的减速。
11.根据权利要求4-6中任一项所述的传动装置(45；71；75)，其特征在于，该传动装置包括至少一个离合器(43；73)，该离合器(43；73)由能够彼此联接的两个离合器部段构成，其中第一离合器部段连接到该输入部(11)而第二离合器部段连接到该输出部(13)，或者其中该第一离合器部段连接到该输入部(11)或该输出部(13)，而该第二离合器部段连接到所述制动器(35，37)中的任意一个。
12.根据权利要求11所述的传动装置(41；71；75)，其特征在于，所述离合器(43；73)能够耗散大量的动力，而所述制动器(35；73)不能耗散大量的动力，或者，所述制动器(35；37)中的至少任意一个能够耗散大量的动力，而所述离合器(43；73)不能耗散大量的动力。
13.一种驱动机构，其包括电动机/发电机(5)和负载(3)以及根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述并且设置在所述电动机/发电机与所述负载之间的传动装置(1；41)，其特征在于，该输入部(11)连接到该电动机/发电机(5)而该输出部(13)连接到该负载(3)。
14.一种驱动机构，其包括电动机/发电机(5)和负载(3)以及根据权利要求4至12中任一项所述并且设置在所述电动机/发电机与所述负载之间的传动装置(45；61；67；71；75；77；79；95；97)，其特征在于，该输入部(11)连接到该电动机/发电机(5)而该输出部(13)连接到该负载(3)。
15.根据权利要求13或14所述的驱动机构，其特征在于，该输入部(11)直接连接到该电动机/发电机(5)，而该输出部(13)直接连接到该负载(3)。
16.根据权利要求13或14所述的驱动机构，其特征在于，该驱动机构还包括内燃机(15)，该内燃机经由另一离合器(17)连接到该输入部(11)。
17.根据权利要求14所述的驱动机构，其特征在于，该驱动机构还包括内燃机(15)，该内燃机连接到该组合式行星齿轮组的第四旋转构件(59)。
18.根据权利要求14或17所述的驱动机构，其特征在于，在该负载与该第二旋转构件之间设有另一变速齿轮。
19.根据权利要求14或17所述的驱动机构，其特征在于，该负载包括至少一个轮，并且该第二旋转构件(51)直接连接到该轮的轮辋(87)或毂(91)。
20.一种操作多个制动器中的任意一个或者离合器的方法，借助该方法，能够在根据前述权利要求1到12中任一项所述的传动装置(1；41；45；61；67；71；75；77；79；95；97)中通过以滑动方式暂时地操作离合器(73)或者操作多个制动器(35，37)中的任意一个，而在保持将扭矩从该输入部(11)传递到该输出部(13)或者从该输出部传递到该输入部的同时，从一个变速齿轮切换到另一个变速齿轮。
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