CN103068749B - 氧化铬耐火材料 - Google Patents

氧化铬耐火材料 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103068749B
CN103068749B CN201180039612.6A CN201180039612A CN103068749B CN 103068749 B CN103068749 B CN 103068749B CN 201180039612 A CN201180039612 A CN 201180039612A CN 103068749 B CN103068749 B CN 103068749B
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particulate
oxide
weight percent
particle mixture
described particle
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CN103068749A (zh
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西里尔·里诺特
莱昂内尔·莫伊特
伊夫·马塞尔·莱昂·布撒恩特如
奥利维尔·西迪
理查德·阿瓦迪吉安
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Saint Gobain Centre de Recherche et dEtudes Europeen SAS
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Saint Gobain Centre de Recherche et dEtudes Europeen SAS
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Priority claimed from FR1056541A external-priority patent/FR2963786B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR1056540A external-priority patent/FR2963785A1/fr
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种选自玻璃熔炉和玻璃分配通道的装置,该装置包括由烧结微粒混合物得到的烧结材料制成的块体和/或涂层,所述微粒混合物的以“CrT”表示的氧化铬含量在10%与82%之间。基质部分使得0.39.(CrT)+24<CrM<0.39.(CrT)+52,CrM表示基于所述基质的氧化物,氧化铬含量占所述基质部分重量的百分比,且团聚体使得xII≥97%,xIII≥70%,且xIV≤xIII–70%,且CrG表示基于所述细粒的氧化物,所述氧化铬含量占细粒重量的百分比。xII表示以基于所述团聚体的重量百分比计,满足以下条件(II)的细粒的量:如果10%≤CrT≤30%,则CrG≤0.018.(CrT)2-0.390.(CrT)+58.8;如果30%<CrT≤60%,则CrG≤1.22.(CrT)+26.7;且如果60%<CrT≤82%,则CrG≤100。xIII表示以基于所述团聚体的重量百分比计,满足以下条件(III)的细粒的量:如果10%≤CrT≤30%,则0.018.(CrT)2-0.390.(CrT)+9.10≤CrG≤0.018.(CrT)2-0.390.(CrT)+25.10;如果30%<CrT≤60%,则1.17.(CrT)-21.5≤CrG≤1.17.(CrT)-5.5;且如果60%<CrT≤82%,则1.17.(CrT)-21.5≤CrG≤1.67.(CrT)-35.5。xIV表示以基于所述团聚体的重量百分比计,满足以下条件(IV)的细粒的量:如果10%≤CrT≤30%,则0.018.(CrT)2-0.390.(CrT)+9.10>CrG;如果30%<CrT≤60%,则1.17.(CrT)-21.5>CrG;且如果60%<CrT≤82%,则1.17.(CrT)-21.5>CrG。本发明可用于玻璃熔炉。

Description

氧化铬耐火材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含有氧化铬的微粒混合物、一种由所述微粒混合物制成的烧结制品、以及一种制造所述烧结耐火制品的方法。该耐火制品可尤其用在与熔融态玻璃接触的环境中。
背景技术
在耐火制品中,熔铸制品和烧结制品之间存在区别。与烧结制品相反,熔铸制品通常包含非常丰富的晶间玻璃相,该晶间玻璃相填充晶粒网。因此,在烧结制品和熔铸制品的各自应用中遇到的问题以及为解决该问题而采用的技术方案通常不同。此外,由于制造方法之间的巨大差异,为制造熔铸制品而研制的组合物本身先天地不可用于制造烧结制品,反之亦然。
通过混合合适的原材料、然后使该混合物粗成型以及在一定温度下烘烤所得到的粗品足够的时间以实现所述粗品的烧结来得到烧结制品。根据烧结制品的化学组成,其用于各种各样的行业。
包含氧化铬的耐火制品通常用在对其进行极端化学侵蚀的应用中,例如玻璃熔炉中,尤其作为熔炉池块体,或者在耐火制品与炉渣接触的熔炉中。
例如,从US6,352,951(含有基于氧化铝和铬的块体的焚烧炉)和US4,823,359(具有由氧化铝和铬组成的炉衬的玻璃熔炉)得知与炉渣或熔融态玻璃接触的所述耐火制品的用途。
由炉渣引起的腐蚀与由熔融玻璃引起的腐蚀不同,因此适合于与炉渣接触的制品未必适合于该制品与熔融态玻璃接触的应用。
然而,仍不断需要延长这些耐火制品的寿命。
本发明的目的在于满足这种需求。
发明内容
本发明提出一种包括基质部分和颗粒的微粒混合物,该基质部分包括尺寸小于50μm或等于50μm的微粒(所谓的“基质微粒”),而颗粒则包括尺寸大于50μm的微粒(所谓的“细粒”),基质部分占该微粒混合物重量的大于10%且小于45%;以基于耐火混合物的氧化物的重量百分比计,所述微粒混合物的氧化铬含量(以“CrT”表示)大于10%或等于10%且小于82%或者等于82%,优选地小于80%或者等于80%,
该基质部分为这样:0.39.(CrT)+24<CrM<0.39.(CrT)+52(I)
-CrM表示以基于基质部分的氧化物的重量百分比计,在基质部分中氧化铬重量的含量,以及
颗粒为:xII≥97%,xIII≥70%,且xIV≤xIII–70%,
-CrG表示以基于所述细粒的氧化物的重量百分比计,细粒中的氧化铬重量的含量,
-xII表示以基于颗粒的重量百分比计,符合以下条件(II)的细粒的量:
-如果10%≤CrT≤30%,则CrG≤0.018.(CrT)2-0.390.(CrT)+58.8;
-如果30%<CrT≤60%,则CrG≤1.22.(CrT)+26.7;(II)
-如果60%<CrT≤82%,尤其60%<CrT≤80%,则CrG≤100,-xIII表示以基于颗粒的重量百分比计,符合以下条件(III)的细粒的量:
-如果10%≤CrT≤30%,则
0.018.(CrT)2-0.390.(CrT)+9.10≤CrG≤0.018.(CrT)2-0.390.(CrT)+25.10;
-如果30%<CrT≤60%,则1.17.(CrT)-21.5≤CrG≤1.17.(CrT)-5.5;(III)
-如果60%<CrT≤82%,尤其60%<CrT≤80%,则1.17.(CrT)-21.5≤CrT≤1.67.(CrT)-35.5,
-xIV表示以基于颗粒的重量百分比计,符合以下条件(IV)的细粒的量:
-如果10%≤CrT≤30%,则0.018.(CrT)2-0.390.(CrT)+9.10>CrG
-如果30%<CrT≤60%,则1.17.(CrT)-21.5>CrG;(IV)
-如果60%<CrT≤82%,尤其60%<CrT≤80%,则1.17.(CrT)-21.5>CrG
传统提出的对于延长与熔融态玻璃接触的制品的寿命的响应包括改善耐腐蚀性。然而,发明人找到了一种新的途径,该途径在于发明人试图使制品的耐用性更为均匀。事实上,发明人观察到,与熔融态玻璃接触的表面上的“孔”(其对应于最大磨损区域)限制了制品的使用寿命,而与制品的组成无关。
发明人发现,施加在由根据本发明的微粒混合物制造的制品上的条件有利地产生特别均匀的腐蚀轮廓。
一种根据本发明的微粒混合物还可具有以下优选的可选特征中一种或多种特征:
-0.39.(CrT)+29<CrM<0.39.(CrT)+47(V);
-0.39.(CrT)+32<CrM<0.39.(CrT)+44.5(VI);
-xII大于98%、优选地大于99%、优选地大约等于100%;
-xIII大于85%,且xIV小于1%,优选地xIV大约等于0%;
-以基于氧化物的重量百分比计,细粒中的至少70wt%的细粒具有满足下列条件(VII)的氧化铬含量:
-如果10%≤CrT≤30%,则0.018.(CrT)2-0.390.(CrT)+13.10≤CrG≤0.018.(CrT)2-0.390.(CrT)+21.10;
-如果30%<CrT≤60%,则1.17.(CrT)-17.5≤CrG≤1.17.(CrT)-9.5;
-如果60%<CrT≤82%,尤其60%<CrT≤80%,则1.67.(CrT)-51.5≤CrG≤1.67.(CrT)-39.5;
-以基于氧化物的重量百分比计,细粒中的至少70wt%的细粒具有满足下列条件(VIII)的氧化铬含量:
-如果10%≤CrT≤30%,则0.018.(CrT)2-0.390.(CrT)+13.10≤CrG≤0.018.(CrT)2-0.390.(CrT)+21.10;
-如果30%<CrT≤60%,则1.17.(CrT)-17.5≤CrG≤1.17.(CrT)-9.5;
-如果60%<CrT≤82%,尤其60%<CrT≤80%,则1.67.(CrT)-47.5≤CrG≤1.67.(CrT)-39.5;
-在具体实施方式中,基质部分具有满足条件(VI)的氧化铬含量“CrM”且细粒中的至少70wt%的细粒具有符合下列条件(VIII)的氧化铬含量“CrG”;
-在第二具体实施方式中,基质部分具有满足条件(VI)的氧化铬含量“CrM”且细粒中的至少99wt%的细粒具有满足下列条件(VIII)的氧化铬含量“CrG”;
-细粒中的至少90%、优选地至少95%、优选地至少99%、优选地大约100wt%的细粒具有满足条件(III)和/或条件(VII)的氧化铬含量“CrG”;
-包含氧化铬的细粒和/或基质微粒优选地为烧结微粒;
-颗粒的微粒和/或基质部分的微粒为烧结微粒。
本发明还涉及一种制造烧结耐火制品的方法,该方法包括以下连续步骤:
A)通过使根据本发明的微粒混合物与水混合而制备初始进料;
B)使所述初始进料成型以形成预成型体;和
C)烧结所述预成型体。
本发明还涉及一种通过烧结根据本发明的微粒混合物而得到的烧结制品,尤其根据以下的步骤A)至步骤C)得到的烧结制品。
优选地,该烧结制品的密度高于3.1g/m3,或者甚至高于3.3g/m3,和/或低于4.5g/m3,或者甚至低于4.3g/m3
最后本发明还涉及一种装置,该装置选自玻璃熔炉、蓄热器、和玻璃分配通道(也称作“进料通道”),该装置包含由根据本发明的烧结制品制成的砖体和/或内衬。
定义
“基质部分”包括尺寸小于或等于50μm的微粒(所谓的“基质微粒”)。这些微粒用来构成耐火制品的基质。由大于50μm的微粒或者“细粒”构成的补充部分称为“颗粒”。
“微粒的尺寸”指的是通常通过激光粒度仪进行的颗粒分布的表征而给出的微粒的尺寸。用于示例的激光粒度仪为来自HORIBA公司的ParticaLA-950。
所观察到的微粒的“圆度”为比值PD/Pr,其中,Pr表示所观察到的微粒的周长,PD表示与所观察的微粒的面积相同的圆盘的周长。圆度取决于观测方向。
如图1b所示,基于微粒P的相片,通过确定具有与所述微粒的面积Ap相等的面积的圆盘D的周长PD,来评估微粒P的圆度“Ci”。还确定了所述微粒的周长Pr。圆度等于比值PD/Pr。因此,微粒越细长,则圆度越低。SYSMEXFPIA3000的用户手册也描述了该过程(参见在www.malvern.co.uk上的“详细规范说明表”)。
一组微粒的百分位数值或者“百分位数”10(Ci10)和50(Ci50)分别为所述组微粒的圆度的累积分布曲线上的百分比数值10%和50%所对应的微粒的圆度,该微粒圆度以增加顺序进行分类。例如,该组中10wt%的微粒的圆度低于Ci10。可使用由Malvern公司出售的类型的仪器来评估百分位数。Ci50也称作“中值圆度”。
通过扩展,这些百分位数用来表征由该粉末得到的烧结材料的微粒的圆度分布。
为了确定百分位数Ci10和Ci50,将成组的微粒倒在平板上且垂直于所述平板观察所述微粒。所记录的微粒的数目大于250,这使得可得到大致相同的百分位数,而与微粒倒在平板上的方式无关。在下文给出的示例中更详细地描述了确定方法。
所观察的微粒的“凸度”为比值Pc/Pr,其中Pc表示所观察到的微粒的凸起周长,Pr为所观察到的所述微粒的周长,如图1a中所示。微粒凸度取决于观察方向。
一组微粒的百分位数值或者“百分位数”10(Co10)和50(Co50)分别为所述组微粒的凸度的累积分布曲线上的百分比数值10%和50%所对应的微粒的凸度,该微粒凸度以增加顺序进行分类。例如,该组中10wt%的微粒的凸度低于Co10。可使用由Malvern公司出售的G3类型的仪器来评估百分位数。Co50也称作“中值凸度”。
通过扩展,这些百分位数用来表征由该粉末得到的烧结材料的微粒的凸度分布。
为了确定百分位数Co10和Co50,将所述组微粒倒在平板上且垂直于所述平板观察所述微粒。微粒的数目大于250,这使得可得到大致相同的百分位数,而与微粒倒在平板上的方式无关。在下文给出的示例中更详细地描述了确定方法。
“粒子”为圆度高于0.85的微粒。
“团聚微粒”或者“团粒”指由成组的其他微粒形成的微粒。
团聚微粒可尤其通过烧结或者通过粘合剂而得到。
除非另有说明,否则所有的百分数为重量百分数。
微粒的化学分析或者化学组成指所述微粒的每一微粒的组成。“微粒混合物”的化学分析或者化学组成或“粉末”的化学分析或者化学组成指所讨论的成组微粒的平均组成。除非另有说明,否则这些组成基于氧化物。
当然,CrG总是小于100%或等于100%,即使当上述关系式中一个关系式导致超过100%的上限时。
附图说明
阅读详细描述和参考附图,本发明的其他特征和优点将变得明显,其中:
-图1a和图1b分别示出用于测量凸度和圆度的方法;和
-图2示出穿过根据本发明的耐火制品的截面的图片。
具体实施方式
微粒混合物
根据本发明的微粒混合物可由具有合适的组成和粒度分布的原材料的粉末混合物制造。
优选地,以基于氧化物的重量百分比计,该微粒混合物中的Cr2O3+Al2O3的含量大于60%、优选地大于65%、优选地大于70%、优选地大于80%、或者甚至大于90%、或者甚至大于92%、或者甚至大于94%。
在一个实施方式中,该微粒混合物中的氧化铬的含量大于15%、大于20%、大于25%、大于30%、大于35%、大于40%、和/或小于75%、小于70%、小于65%、小于50%。在一个实施方式中,氧化铬含量大于50%或者甚至大于55%。
在一个实施方式中,该微粒混合物中的Al2O3的含量大于3%、大于5%、大于10%、大于15%、大于20%、大于25%、和/或小于85%、小于80%、小于75%、小于70%、小于65%、小于60%、小于55%、或者甚至小于35%。在一个实施方式中,微粒混合物中的Al2O3的含量大于35%、大于40%、或者甚至大于45%。
微粒混合物中的二氧化硅的含量可大于0.1%、大于0.5%、大于0.7%、大于1%、和/或小于8%、小于5%、小于4%、小于3%、小于2%、或者甚至小于1.5%。
微粒混合物中的氧化锆的含量可小于10%、小于5%、小于1%、小于0.5%、或者小于0.1%。
微粒混合物中的钛氧化物的含量可大于0.3%、大于0.5%、大于1%、和/或小于4%、小于3%、小于2%、小于1.5%、或者小于1.3%。在一个实施方式中,微粒混合物中的钛氧化物的含量小于0.2%。
优选地,微粒混合物中的Cr2O3、Al2O3、ZrO2、SiO2和TiO2的总含量大于90%、大于92%、大于94%、大于96%、或大于98%。
粒度分布是非限制的。尤其可调整粒度分布以得到待被制造的烧结耐火制品的表观密度。
在一个实施方式中,CrM/CrG的比值大于1.05、大于1.1、大于1.15、大于1.2、大于1.3、大于1.4、大于1.5、大于1.6,和/或小于7、小于6.5、小于6.0、小于5.5、小于5、小于4.5、或小于4.0、小于3.5、小于3.0、小于2.5、小于2、小于1.7。在一个实施方式中,CrM/CrG的比值小于0.95、小于0.9、小于0.85、小于0.8、小于0.75、小于0.7、小于0.65、小于0.6、小于0.55。
基质部分
优选地,以基于微粒混合物的重量百分比计,根据本发明的微粒混合物包括大于15%、大于20%、或者甚至大于25%和/或小于40%、或者甚至小于35%、或者甚至小于30%的基质微粒。
优选地,以基于氧化物的重量百分比计且总和为100%,基质部分,优选地基质微粒的至少80wt%的化学组成为这样:
-Cr2O3+Al2O3+ZrO2+MgO+Fe2O3+SiO2+TiO2+CaO≥90%,优选地,Cr2O3+Al2O3+ZrO2+MgO+Fe2O3+SiO2+TiO2+CaO≥95%,和
-Cr2O3+Al2O3+MgO≥50%,和
-Cr2O3≥7%,和
-15%≥SiO2≥0.1%,和
-其它氧化物≤10%,优选地,其它氧化物≤5%。
优选地,基质微粒的至少90wt%小于40μm,优选地小于30μm,优选地小于20μm,或者甚至小于10μm。
优选地,基质部分的组成为这样:
-以基于氧化物的重量百分比计,Cr2O3+Al2O3+MgO的总含量大于65%,优选地大于70%、优选地大于80%、或者甚至大于90%;和/或
-SiO2的含量小于12%,优选地小于10%、优选地小于8%、优选地小于6%、优选地小于5%、或者甚至小于4%、或者甚至小于3%;和/或
-TiO2的含量小于7%,或者甚至小于4%、或者甚至小于3%、或者甚至小于2%;和/或
-“其它氧化物”的含量小于5%,优选地小于4%、优选地小于3%、优选地小于2%、优选地小于1%。
在某些实施方式中,基质部分的组成为这样:Cr2O3+Al2O3>80%,Cr2O3+Al2O3>90%,或者甚至Cr2O3+Al2O3>95%。
在某些实施方式中,基质部分的组成为这样:TiO2的含量小于0.2%。
在某些实施方式中,基质部分的组成为这样:Al2O3的含量大于5%、大于7.5%、大于10%、大于15%和/或小于72%、小于65%、小于60%、小于50%。
优选地,基质微粒含有Cr2O3-Al2O3固溶体和/或基于Cr2O3-MgO的尖晶石(例如MgCr2O4)和/或基于Cr2O3-铁氧化物的尖晶石(例如FeCr2O4)和/或基于Al2O3-MgO的尖晶石(例如MgAl2O4)和/或基于Al2O3-铁氧化物的尖晶石(例如FeAl2O4)和/或它们的固溶体的至少一种。
还优选地,基质部分的微粒中的氧化物含量的总和占所述基质微粒的重量的高于90%、高于95%、或者甚至大约为100%。
优选地,该基质部分包括(一方面)氧化铬微粒以及包括(另一方面)氧化铝微粒和/或氧化锆微粒和/或氧化镁微粒和/或铁氧化物微粒和/或钛氧化物微粒和/或二氧化硅微粒和/或氧化钙微粒。优选地,基质部分包括(一方面)氧化铬和包括(另一方面)氧化铝和/或氧化锆和/或氧化镁和/或铁氧化物和/或钛氧化物和/或二氧化硅和/或氧化钙所组成的微粒,或者由这些微粒的混合物。例如,基质部分可为氧化铬微粒和氧化铝微粒的混合物,但是其也可包括氧化铬和氧化铝的微粒,例如以固溶体的形式。优选地,基质微粒包括(一方面)氧化铬和包括(另一方面)氧化铝和/或氧化钙和/或氧化锆和/或钛氧化物。
以基于微粒混合物的氧化物的重量百分比计,氧化锆基质微粒的量优选地低于10%,优选地低于8%,优选地低于5%,优选地低于3%。
基质微粒的中值粒径可小于25微米、小于15微米、小于10微米、或者甚至小于7微米。
在一个实施方式中,微粒混合物不含有氧化锆微粒,尤其不含有氧化锆基质微粒。
颗粒
以基于微粒混合物的重量百分比计,根据本发明的微粒混合物优选地包含少于85%、或者甚至少于80%、或者甚至少于75%的细粒。
颗粒优选地包括(一方面)氧化铬微粒和包括(另一方面)氧化铝微粒和/或氧化锆微粒和/或氧化镁微粒和/或铁氧化物微粒和/或钛氧化物微粒和/或二氧化硅微粒。优选地,颗粒包括具有(一方面)氧化铬和(另一方面)氧化铝和/或氧化锆和/或氧化镁和/或铁氧化物和/或钛氧化物和/或二氧化硅的微粒,或者由这些微粒的混合物。例如,颗粒可为氧化铬微粒和氧化铝微粒的混合物,但也可为例如以固溶体形式存在的氧化铬和氧化铝的微粒的混合物。优选地,细粒包括(一方面)氧化铬和包括(另一方面)氧化铝和/或氧化锆和/或钛氧化物。
还优选地,微粒混合物不含有大小在50μm和500μm之间的氧化锆微粒,优选地,不含有颗粒形式的氧化锆微粒。有利地,这导致改善耐火混合物得到的耐火制品在接触熔融态玻璃时的抗沾污性。
细粒中的氧化铬含量的分布的标准偏差优选地低于8、优选地低于4、优选地低于1.5、优选地低于1、更优选地低于0.75。氧化铬最低含量和氧化铬最高含量之间的差异优选地低于9%、优选地低于6%、优选地低于4.5%。因此,全部细粒具有类似的氧化铬含量。
更优选地,无论考虑什么组分,只要该组分的含量以基于氧化物的重量百分比计大于1%,则在各种细粒之间的该组分的含量分布的标准偏差低于8、优选地低于4、优选地低于1.5、优选地低于1、更优选地低于0.75。因此,全部细粒具有类似的组成。
优选地,颗粒的表观密度为理论密度的85%以上、优选地为理论密度的高于88%、优选地为理论密度的90%以上、优选地为理论密度的91%以上、优选地为理论密度的92%以上、或者甚至为理论密度的93%以上、或者甚至为理论密度的94%以上、或者甚至为理论密度的95%以上、或者甚至为理论密度的96%以上。
优选地,颗粒的开孔体积低于10%,优选地低于6%、优选地低于5%、优选地低于3%、优选地低于2%、优选地低于1%、或者甚至低于0.7%、或者甚至低于0.6%。
颗粒可包含粒子,即近似为球形的微粒。优选地,颗粒的中值圆度高于0.87。优选地,粒子为团聚微粒,尤其是烧结微粒。
在具体实施方式中,细粒的至少80%、优选地至少90%、优选地至少95%、优选地至少99%、或者甚至大约100%为粒子。
优选地,以基于氧化物的重量百分比计且总和为100%,颗粒且优选地细粒的至少80wt%,优选地颗粒中的粒子,具有这样的化学组成:
-Cr2O3+Al2O3+ZrO2+MgO+Fe2O3+SiO2+TiO2≥90%,优选地Cr2O3+Al2O3+ZrO2+MgO+Fe2O3+SiO2+TiO2≥95%,和
-Cr2O3+Al2O3+MgO≥60%,和
-Cr2O3≥9%,和
-20%≥SiO2≥0.5%,和
-其它氧化物:≤10%,优选地其它氧化物≤5%。
优选地,细粒的至少90wt%,优选地粒子的至少90wt%,的尺寸大于100μm、优选地大于200μm、优选地大于300μm、优选地大于400μm。
引人注目的是,发明人发现,使用所述粒子的基于氧化铬的耐火制品具有良好的热冲击抗性和高的耐腐蚀性。
优选地,颗粒的组成为这样:
-以基于氧化物的重量百分比计,Cr2O3+Al2O3+MgO的总含量高于65%,优选地高于70%、优选地高于80%、或者甚至高于90%、或者甚至高于92%、或者甚至高于94%;和/或
-SiO2的含量低于16%,优选地低于13%、优选地低于10%、优选地低于8%、优选地低于6%、优选地低于5%、或者甚至低于4%、或者甚至低于3%(有利地,改善了其致密性,但没有降低其耐腐蚀性);和/或
-TiO2的含量高于0.5%,或者甚至大于0.7%、和/或低于4%,优选地低于3%、低于2.2%、或者甚至低于2%;和/或
-“其它氧化物”的含量低于5%、优选地低于4%、优选地低于3%、优选到低于2%、优选地低于1%。
在某些实施方式中,颗粒的组成为这样:Cr2O3+Al2O3>80%,Cr2O3+Al2O3>90%,或者Cr2O3+Al2O3>95%。
在第一具体实施方式中,基于氧化物的重量百分比计,颗粒(优选地颗粒的粒子)的组成为这样:
-Cr2O3:9%至50%;
-Al2O3:45%至88%;
-SiO2<20%,优选地SiO2<16%、优选地SiO2<13%、优选地SiO2<10%、优选地SiO2<8%、优选地SiO2<6%、优选地SiO2<5%、优选地SiO2<4%、优选地SiO2<3%;
-Fe2O3<1%;
-MgO<0.5%;
-0.5%<TiO2<4%,或者甚至TiO2<2%;
-ZrO2<5%;和
-其它氧化物<2%,优选地其它氧化物<1%
Cr2O3的含量可在10%与20%之间、在20%与30%之间、在30%与40%之间、或在40%与50%之间,和/或Al2O3的含量可在45%与55%之间、在55%与65%之间、在65%与75%之间、或在75%与88%之间。
在第二具体实施方式中,以基于氧化物的重量百分比计,颗粒(优选地颗粒的粒子)的组成为这样:
-Cr2O3:50%至95%;
-Al2O3:2%至45%;
-SiO2<20%,优选地SiO2<16%、优选地SiO2<13%、优选地SiO2<10%、优选地SiO2<8%、优选地SiO2<6%、优选地SiO2<5%、优选地SiO2<4%、优选地SiO2<3%;
-Fe2O3<1%;
-MgO<0.5%;
-0.5%<TiO2<4%,或者甚至TiO2<2%;
-ZrO2<5%;和
-其它氧化物<2%,优选地其它氧化物<1%。
Cr2O3的含量可在50%与60%之间、在60%与70%之间、在70%与80%之间、在80%与95%之间,和/或Al2O3的含量可在2%与12%之间、在12%与22%之间、在22%与32%之间、或在32%与45%之间。
在第三具体实施方式中,以基于氧化物的重量百分比计,颗粒(优选地颗粒的粒子)的组成为这样:
-Cr2O3:95%至99%;
-Al2O3:0%至4%;
-SiO2<4%,优选地SiO2<3%、优选地SiO2<2%、优选地SiO2<1%;
-Fe2O3<4%;
-MgO<0.5%;
-0.5%<TiO2<5%,或者甚至TiO2<4%、或者甚至TiO2<2%;
-ZrO2<4%;和
-其它氧化物<2%,优选地其它氧化物<1%。
在第四具体实施方式中,以基于氧化物的重量百分比计,颗粒(优选地颗粒的粒子)的组成为这样:
-Cr2O3:15%至50%;
-Al2O3:10%至80%;
-1%<Fe2O3<30%,或者甚至Fe2O3>3%;
-0.5%<MgO<20%,优选地MgO<10%;
-SiO2<20%,优选地SiO2<16%、优选地SiO2<13%、优选地SiO2<10%、优选地SiO2<8%、优选地SiO2<6%、优选地SiO2<5%、优选地SiO2<4%、优选地SiO2<3%;
-0.5%<TiO2<4%,或者甚至TiO2<2%;
-ZrO2<5%;和
-其它氧化物<2%,优选地其它氧化物<1%。
Cr2O3的含量可在15%与25%之间、在25%与35%之间、或在35%与50%之间,和/或Al2O3的含量可在10%与20%之间、在20%与30%之间、在30%与40%之间、在40%与50%之间、在50%与60%之间、在60%与70%之间、或在70%与80%之间,和/或Fe2O3的含量在3%与10%之间、在10%与20%之间、或在20%与30%之间。
优选地,细粒、优选地颗粒的粒子含有Cr2O3-Al2O3固溶体和/或基于Cr2O3-MgO的尖晶石(例如MgCr2O4)和/或基于Cr2O3-铁氧化物的尖晶石(例如FeCr2O4)和/或基于Al2O3-MgO的尖晶石(例如MgAl2O4)和/或基于Al2O3-铁氧化物的尖晶石(例如FeAl2O4)和/或它们的固溶体的至少一种固溶体。
还优选地,细粒中的氧化物的总含量,优选地颗粒中的粒子的氧化物的总含量,占所述细粒或所述粒子的重量的90%以上、95%以上、或者甚至大约100%。
在一个实施方式中,颗粒和基质部分具有大约相同的组成。在一个实施方式中,这些组成不同。
在一个实施方式中,颗粒占烧结微粒重量的90%以上。优选地,颗粒中的粒子为烧结微粒。
优选地,颗粒具有:
-表观密度,其大于3.0g/cm3,优选地大于3.3g/cm3、或者甚至大于3.5g/cm3、或者甚至大于3.6g/cm3;和/或
-表观密度,其为理论密度的85%以上、优选地为理论密度的88%以上、优选地为理论密度的90%以上、优选地为理论密度的91%以上、优选地为理论密度的92%以上、或者甚至为理论密度的93%以上、或者甚至为理论密度的94%以上、或者甚至为理论密度的95%以上、或者甚至为理论密度的96%以上(有利地,这导致微粒混合物的改善的流动性);和/或
-开孔体积,其低于10%、优选地低于6%、优选地低于5%、优选地低于3%、优选地低于2%、优选地低于1%、或者甚至低于0.7%、或者甚至低于0.6%。这导致由耐火混合物得到的耐火制品的耐腐蚀性的改善,尤其是与熔融态玻璃接触的耐火制品。
还优选地,颗粒的粒子的、或者细粒的超过80%、优选地超过90%、优选地超过95%、优选地超过99%,优选地颗粒中的大约全部粒子,或者甚至颗粒的大约全部细粒,大于200μm、优选地大于300μm、优选地大于400μm、或者甚至大于0.5mm和/或小于10mm,优选地小于5mm。
还优选地,以重量百分比计,微粒混合物含有至少10%的大于2mm的细粒。
优选地,颗粒具有:
-中值圆度,其大于0.88、优选地大于0.90、优选地大于0.91、优选地大于0.92、优选地大于0.93(有利地,这导致改善的热冲击抗性);和/或
-圆度Ci10,其大于0.72、优选地大于0.74、优选地大于0.76、优选地大于0.78、优选地大于0.80、优选地大于0.82;和/或
-中值凸度Co50,其大于0.90、优选地大于0.92、优选地大于0.94、优选地大于0.95、优选地大于0.96;和/或
-凸度Co10,其大于0.80、优选地大于0.82、优选地大于0.85、优选地大于0.88、优选地大于0.90;和/或
-中值圆度,其大于0.90、优选地大于0.92,且开孔体积小于2%、优选地小于1%。
优选地,与上文限定的颗粒的化学组成相关的特征,尤其是上文所描述的可选的特征,适于所述颗粒的细粒的80%以上、90%以上、或者甚至95%以上、或者99wt%以上、或者大约100%。
助剂
微粒混合物还可包含至少0.1wt%的成型助剂。
成型助剂可尤其选自:
-粘土;
-增塑剂、例如聚乙二醇(或“PEG”)或聚乙烯醇(或“PVA”);
-水泥,优选具有高氧化铝含量的水泥;
-水合氧化铝,例如勃姆石;
-粘合剂,包括有机暂时性粘合剂,例如树脂、木质素磺酸盐、羧甲基纤维素或糊精;
-反絮凝剂,例如碱金属的聚磷酸盐、碱金属的聚丙烯酸酯、和聚羧酸酯;和
-这些物质的混合物。
优选地,成型助剂选自水泥、反絮凝剂、粘土、木质素磺酸盐、PVA及其混合物。
优选地,以基于微粒混合物的重量百分比计,成型助剂的含量小于6%。
制造根据本发明的微粒混合物的方法
可通过常规方法来制造烧结微粒,尤其是烧结微粒的颗粒,该常规方法包括以下连续步骤:
a)通过混合原材料和水来制备初始进料;
b)使所述初始进料成型以形成一组微粒;和
c)烧结在步骤b)中得到的微粒。
在实施例中详细描述了本方法的示例。
在步骤a)中,调节原材料的混合物以得到具有所需的化学组成的微粒。可使用任何混合装置,例如混合机或强力混合机。
在步骤b)中,优选地,成型不包含喷雾操作。实际上这样的方法引起低密度。喷雾操作还导致小尺寸的微粒,这使得难于制造球形细粒。
步骤b)可包括粒化操作。然而,这样的操作不能保证实现中值圆度高于0.87且密度大于理论密度的85%。为了实现这样的结果,优选使用强力型混合机,优选地,该强力混合机的外尖端线性速度大于6m/s且实现所述混合器连续进料初始进料。
在步骤c)中,烧结微粒,例如在烧制窑炉中。可使用所有的烧制窑炉,例如间歇窑,以及回转窑。根据微粒的组成来确定烧结参数。
烧结温度可在1400℃与1700℃之间。可在空气中进行烧结,也可在中性条件下烧结(例如在氮气下),或者甚至在还原条件下(例如在过多的一氧化碳下)烧结。优选地,在空气中进行烧结。
温度保持时间可在1小时与10小时之间,优选地在2小时与5小时之间。
可通过改变所使用的微粒原材料的粒度分布,或者通过在烧结期间对平稳温度和/或时间作用,来调整粉末的开孔体积。
耐火制品的制造方法
有利地,根据本发明的耐火混合物可用于制造具有通过粘合基质而粘结的颗粒的制品。
出于该目的,可采用包括上文所描述的步骤A)至步骤C)的方法。有利地,该方法能够制造表观密度在3.1g/cm3和4.5g/cm3之间、优选地表观密度在3.3g/cm3和4.3g/cm3之间的烧结耐火制品。Andréasen压实模型或Fuller-Bolomey压实模型可用于改变烧结耐火制品的表观密度。这些压实模型在标题为“Traitédecéramiquesetmatériauxminéraux”的作品(C.A.Jouenne,EditionsSeptima;巴黎(1984),第403至405页)中得以特别描述。
在步骤A)中,基质微粒和细粒优选地与成形助剂混合以形成初始进料。
优选地,该细粒包括如上文所述的粒子,所述粒子优选地进行加热固化,优选地被烧结。因此,粒子可有利地在处理期间保持其球形。
微粒混合物也可随时进行供给。因此,所需要的是将该颗粒混合物与水混合以制备初始进料。
水的用量取决于在步骤B)中使用的方法。
在冷压成型的情况下,以基于不含助剂的微粒混合物的重量百分比计,优选地水的添加量在1.5%和4%之间。在涉及液压粘合成型的情况下,例如浇铸,以基于不含助剂的微粒混合物的重量百分比计,优选地水的添加量在3%和7%之间。
在从理论上不能解释的情况下,发明人发现粒子的近似球形形状增强了热冲击抗性,而与粉末的开孔体积无关。
发明人还发现,颗粒的开孔体积影响了初始进料的流动性。事实上,尽管以开孔体积大于10%的颗粒替代耐火粘土细粒导致流动性的恶化,但是令人费解地,当颗粒的开孔体积小于6%时,流动性大于传统的利用耐火粘土细粒制造的制品的流动性。当开孔体积小于2%时,流动性得到进一步改善。
在步骤C)中,烧结条件,尤其是烧结温度,取决于微粒混合物的组成。通常,非常合适的烧结温度在1400℃和1700℃之间,优选地在1500℃和1600℃之间。
在步骤C)结束时,得到根据本发明的烧结耐火制品。
在图2中示出这样的制品。尤其,可清晰地辨认出大约为圆形的根据本发明的微粒10和基质12。
烧结耐火制品的表观密度可大于3.00、大于3.10、大于3.30、大于3.50、和/或小于4.30、或小于4.20。
烧结耐火制品的开孔体积可大于10%、大于12%、大于14%、和/或小于20%、小于18%、或甚至小于15%。
该制品的性能使得其可尤其适合于用在玻璃熔炉、蓄热器、或进料槽中。
根据本发明的烧结制品可以以块体形式或层的形式使用,例如以内衬形式使用,通过已知方法将内衬涂覆至待被保护的壁上。可在原位进行烧结,即在制品已经放置在其工作位置后进行烧结。
实施例
为了制造用在下文所述的实施例2、实施例3、实施例4、实施例6、实施例7、实施例8和实施例9的制品中的“氧化铬、氧化铝、二氧化硅、钛氧化物”细粒,使用了下面的原材料:
-颜料级氧化铬Cr2O3,其纯度大于95%、比表面积等于4m2/g且中值粒径为0.7μm;
-氧化铝Al2O3,其纯度大于99%、比表面积等于7m2/g且中值粒径为0.6μm;
-锻制二氧化硅,其纯度大于92%;和
-钛氧化物,金红石型,其纯度大于93%且中值粒径为1.5μm。
使这些原材料定量、混合,以具有所需的化学组成。
对于每一个实施例,将3000g的氧化物混合物、350g的水和150g的聚乙烯醇(PVA)放入EirichRV02混合器。
通过以300转/分转动的转子工具和以43转/分设置的转筒,将全部材料混合1分钟,以得到均匀的混合物。然后,转子工具的旋转速度增加至1050转/分,并且在一分钟内逐渐加入额外量900克的氧化物混合物。在添加完额外量的进料后,持续转动2分钟。然后排出微粒,在空气中110°C下干燥24小时,然后,在1550°C下在空气中烧结该微粒3小时(保持在1550°C),其中以50°C/h的速率增加温度和降低温度。在烧结后,将微粒过筛且保持0.5mm至5mm的粒度部分。
通过挤压与在制造实施例9的制品所使用的细粒中使用的混合物相同的混合物,来制造在实施例10的制品中所使用的“氧化铬、氧化铝、二氧化硅、钛氧化物”细粒,以得到挤压饼块。然后,将这些挤压饼块在空气中、在1550℃下、在3小时的稳定的热循环下进行烧结、最后进行研磨、筛分以得到0.5mm至5mm的粒度部分。
则根据上文步骤A)至步骤C)制造烧结耐火制品。
在步骤A)中,通过混合在4.1%和4.7%之间的量的水和针对所需的化学组成调整的微粒混合物来制备初始进料。使用下面的原材料:
-由SociétéEuropéennedesProduitsRéfractaires出售和制造的电熔耐火制品ER-1681的“AZS”细粒,以基于氧化物的重量百分比计,其含有32.5%的ZrO2、51%的Al2O3、15%的SiO2和1.3%的Na2O(用在实施例1的制品中),最大尺寸小于5mm;
-由SociétéEuropéennedesProduitsRéfractaires制造的电熔耐火制品ER-2161的“AZS-Cr”细粒,以基于氧化物的重量百分比计,其含有27%的Cr2O3、27%的ZrO2、28%的Al2O3、14.5%的SiO2和1.1%的Na2O(用在实施例5的制品中),最大尺寸小于5mm;
-“高铬”细粒,其含有92%的Cr2O3,开孔体积小于3%(用在实施例1*的制品中),最大尺寸小于5mm;
-“高铬”细粒,其含有98%的Cr2O3,开孔体积小于3%(用在实施例5*的制品中),最大尺寸小于5mm;
-“氧化铬、氧化铝、二氧化硅、钛氧化物”细粒,最大尺寸小于5mm,-根据所讨论的实施例的制品,具有在下表1中示出的特征:
表1
-颜料级氧化铬Cr2O3,其纯度大于95%、比表面积等于4m2/g且中值粒径为0.7μm;
-氧化铝Al2O3,其纯度大于99%、比表面积等于7m2/g且中值粒径为0.6μm;
-氧化锆,其纯度大于98.5%,中值粒径为3μm;和
-钛氧化物,金红石型,其纯度大于93%且中值粒径为1.5μm。
将3%的成型助剂(由ALMATIS出售的矾土水泥CA25)添加到初始进料中。
在步骤B)中,通过振动铸造工艺以预成型体的形式使初始进料成型,该预成型体的尺寸适合于待要进行的测量。
在步骤C)中,使所得到的预成型体干燥、然后在1550°C下在空气中进行烧结10小时。
进行下面的测量:
通过下面的方法测量一组微粒的开孔体积:
-将4份35g的样品在110°C下干燥至少12小时,每一样品包括大小在2mm和5mm之间的微粒。每一样品的干重定为Ps1、Ps2、Ps3和Ps4。注意:Ps=Ps1+Ps2+Ps3+Ps4
-将每一样品放入瓶中。
-使用真空泵,在每一瓶中形成至少0.07MPa的真空,且保持该真空7分钟。然后,将水添加到瓶中以用至少2cm的水覆盖微粒,这意味着在后续的真空处理期间微粒总是被水覆盖。
-再次在包含微粒和水的每一瓶中形成0.08MPa的真空,且保持该真空7分钟。破除真空。
-再次在每一瓶中形成0.08MPa的真空,且保持该真空7分钟。破除真空。
-再次在每一瓶中形成0.08MPa的真空,且保持该真空7分钟。破除真空。
-确定每一样品的浸水后重量,Pi1、Pi2、Pi3和Pi4。注意Pi=Pi1+Pi2+Pi3+Pi4
-然后将4个瓶的内容物倒在2mm的方孔筛上以去除水。然后将微粒倒在干燥棉布上以去除过多的水分且干燥微粒直到湿气光泽从微粒表面消失。
-确定该组微粒的湿重Ph。
该组微粒的开孔体积等于(Ph-Ps)/(Ph-Pi)。
总是对于成组的烧结微粒进行这些测量。这些测量与对于构成微粒的材料的平均测量相对应,即这些测量不考虑各种微粒之间的相互间隙。
根据标准ISO5017,对大小为125×25×25mm3的样本进行烧结制品的表观密度和开孔体积的测量。
可通过下面方法评估一组微粒的圆度Ci50和Ci10以及凸度Co50和Co10
将大小在0.5mm和2mm之间的微粒样品倒在玻璃板上,该玻璃板用于由Malvern公司出售的G3仪器。选择的放大倍数为1x。开始分析。为了避免记录玻璃板上任何划痕和灰尘,通过创建过滤器(“宽度<400”)而从计数中去除对应于宽度小于0.4mm的微粒的测量。过滤后所记录的微粒的数量大于250。
该仪器用于评估多个圆度(“圆度”)和多个凸度(“凸度”)的分布,微粒按数量计数。
还可以通过分析所述制品的截面的图像(如在图2中所示),来分析在烧结制品中存在的微粒的圆度和凸度的分布。
通过X-射线荧光对其含量大于0.5%的组分进行化学分析。通过AES-ICP(原子发射光谱-电感耦合等离子体)来确定含量低于0.5%的组分的含量。
为了测量平均腐蚀速率和粗糙度指数,采集初始半径ro等于11mm且高度为100mm、以圆柱杆形式存在的样品,且将该样品进行测试,测试包括使浸在熔融态玻璃浴中(加热至根据所述玻璃的组成而确定的温度T)的样品旋转。样品的旋转速度为每分钟6转。使样品保持浸没一段时间“t”。在该时间“t”结束且冷却后,浸没在玻璃中的样品的部分(高度等于30mm)具有短轴Pa和长轴Ga的椭圆形的剖面。对于每一样品确定以下数值:以毫米计的Pa的最小值(Pam),以毫米计的Pa的最大值(PaM),以毫米计的Ga的最小值(Gam),以毫米计的Ga的最大值(GaM)。以下是固定的:Paave=(Pam+PaM)2和Gaave=(Gam+GaM)2。对于每一样品,所维持的平均体积Vrave通过公式Vrave=(π·H·Paave·Gaave)4而确定。对于每一样品,所腐蚀的平均体积Vcave通过公式Vcave=[(π·H·22)4]-Vrave而确定。对于每一样品,以μm/h表示的平均腐蚀速率“Vu”通过公式 Vu = r 0 - r 0 2 - ( Vc ave &pi;H ) t 来确定。
样品的平均腐蚀速率“Vu”给出了所测试的样本的抗腐蚀性的评估。因此,样品的腐蚀速率越低,则其对熔融玻璃的腐蚀的抵抗性越高。
样品i的粗糙度指数Ir,Iri,通过下面公式进行确定:Iri=[100·(Vcave基准样品)(Vcave基准样品-ΔV样品i)]-100,其中ΔV=(Vcave-VcM)。
标准化测试PREIII,26/PRE/R,5,1/78用于通过测量一个或多个热循环后的抗弯强度的相对损失(%损失MOR)来进行评估热冲击抗性。每一热循环包括:将试样从室温加热至800℃的温度T,在该温度T下保持30分钟,然后,将试样投入冷水中。试样为125×25×25mm3的杆,不具有外层。
根据标准ISO5014测量抗弯强度。对于给定的组合物,试样的初始抗弯强度的测量(还没受到热冲击)或者“MOR初始”的测量为对3个相同的试样测量的平均值。在800℃的热冲击后的抗性测量或者“在TS之后的MOR”的测量为在室温下对3个经受所述热冲击后的试样测量的抗弯强度的平均值。抗弯强度的相对损失或者“%损失MOR”的测量通过以下公式给出:%损失MOR=100·(TS之后的MOR-初始MOR)(初始MOR)。
在下表2中示出所测试的微粒混合物的特征和测试结果:
表2
接表2
*:不是根据本发明
粗糙度指数低于15表示规则且均匀的磨损。
实施例1*的制品和实施例4的制品的比较表明:对于相似的氧化铬总含量,在腐蚀测试后,根据实施例4的制品的粗糙度指数比实施例1*的制品的粗糙度指数的三分之一小,且根据实施例4的制品具有显著的耐腐蚀性。实施例5*的制品和实施例7、实施例9和实施例10的制品的比较得出相似的结论,但实施例7包含氧化锆。
实施例1*的制品与实施例2和实施例3的制品的比较表明:根据实施例2和实施例3的制品的粗糙度指数远低于实施例1*的制品的粗糙度指数。此外,尽管较低的铬含量,但是根据实施例2和实施例3的制品显示出的对熔融玻璃的腐蚀的抵抗性类似于或大于实施例1*。
当比较实施例6的制品和实施例5*的制品时,可得到相同的结果。
实施例5*的制品与实施例8的制品比较表明:包含钛氧化物的实施例8的制品具有较低的粗糙度指数。
最后,实施例9的制品和实施例10的制品的比较表明:基于细粒重量,包含91%的粒子的实施例9的制品显示出的热冲击抗性高于实施例10的制品,实施例10的制品实际上不含有细粒,所述制品的平均腐蚀速率和粗糙度指数大约相等。
如现在清晰地所示,本发明提供了一种用于制造尤其适合于接触熔融态玻璃的耐火制品的微粒混合物。在使用中,这些耐火制品的耐用性明显均匀,这使其使用寿命大幅增加。
当然,本发明不限于出于说明目的而提供的实施例。

Claims (18)

1.一种选自玻璃熔炉和玻璃分配通道的装置,包括由烧结微粒混合物得到的烧结制品的块体和/或内衬,该微粒混合物包括基质部分和颗粒,所述基质部分包括尺寸小于50μm或等于50μm的微粒,所述尺寸小于50μm或等于50μm的微粒即所谓的“基质微粒”,所述颗粒包括尺寸大于50μm的微粒,所述尺寸大于50μm的微粒即所谓的“细粒”,所述基质部分占所述微粒混合物的重量的10%以上且45%以下,
以基于氧化物的重量百分比计,所述微粒混合物的Cr2O3+Al2O3的含量大于60%;以基于所述微粒混合物的氧化物的重量百分比计,所述微粒混合物的以“CrT”表示的氧化铬含量在10%与82%之间,
所述微粒混合物的基质部分使得:
0.39.(CrT)+24<CrM<0.39.(CrT)+52I
-CrM表示以基于所述基质部分的氧化物的重量百分比计,在所述基质部分中的氧化铬的重量含量,以及
所述颗粒使得:xII≥97%,xIII≥70%,且xIV≤xIII–70%,
-CrG表示以基于所述细粒的氧化物的重量百分比计,所述细粒中的氧化铬的重量含量,
-xII表示以基于所述颗粒的重量百分比计,满足以下条件II的细粒的量:
-如果10%≤CrT≤30%,则CrG≤0.018.(CrT)2-0.390.(CrT)+58.8;
-如果30%<CrT≤60%,则CrG≤1.22.(CrT)+26.7;
-如果60%<CrT≤82%,则CrG≤100,
-xIII表示以基于所述颗粒的重量百分比计,满足以下条件III的细粒的量:
-如果10%≤CrT≤30%,则
0.018.(CrT)2-0.390.(CrT)+9.10≤CrG≤0.018.(CrT)2-0.390.(CrT)+25.10;
-如果30%<CrT≤60%,则1.17.(CrT)-21.5≤CrG≤1.17.(CrT)-5.5;-如果60%<CrT≤82%,则1.17.(CrT)-21.5≤CrT≤1.67.(CrT)-35.5,
-xIV表示以基于所述颗粒的重量百分比计,满足以下条件IV的细粒的量:
-如果10%≤CrT≤30%,则0.018.(CrT)2-0.390.(CrT)+9.10>CrG
-如果30%<CrT≤60%,则1.17.(CrT)-21.5>CrG
-如果60%<CrT≤82%,则1.17.(CrT)-21.5>CrG
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述微粒混合物的含有氧化铬的细粒为烧结微粒。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述微粒混合物的颗粒的中值圆度大于0.87。
4.根据权利要求3所述的装置,其中,所述微粒混合物使得:xII≥99%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述微粒混合物使得:0.39.(CrT)+29
<CrM<0.39.(CrT)+47V。
6.根据权利要求5所述的装置,其中,所述微粒混合物使得:
0.39.(CrT)+32<CrM<0.39.(CrT)+44.5VI。
7.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,以基于氧化物的重量百分比计,所述微粒混合物的所述细粒中的至少70%的重量百分比的细粒的氧化铬含量满足下列条件VII:
-如果10%≤CrT≤30%,则0.018.(CrT)2-0.390.(CrT)+13.10≤CrG≤0.018.(CrT)2-0.390.(CrT)+21.10;
-如果30%<CrT≤60%,则1.17.(CrT)-17.5≤CrG≤1.17.(CrT)-9.5;
-如果60%<CrT≤82%,则1.67.(CrT)-51.5≤CrG≤1.67.(CrT)-39.5。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装置,其中,所述微粒混合物使得:在所述条件VII下,如果60%≤CrT≤82%,则1.67.(CrT)-47.5≤CrG
9.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述微粒混合物的所述细粒中的至少90%的重量百分比的细粒的氧化铬含量“CrG”满足条件III:
-如果10%≤CrT≤30%,则
0.018.(CrT)2-0.390.(CrT)+9.10≤CrG≤0.018.(CrT)2-0.390.(CrT)+25.10;
-如果30%<CrT≤60%,则1.17.(CrT)-21.5≤CrG≤1.17.(CrT)-5.5;
-如果60%<CrT≤82%,则1.17.(CrT)-21.5≤CrT≤1.67.(CrT)-35.5;
和/或满足条件VII:
-如果10%≤CrT≤30%,则0.018.(CrT)2-0.390.(CrT)+13.10≤CrG≤0.018.(CrT)2-0.390.(CrT)+21.10;
-如果30%<CrT≤60%,则1.17.(CrT)-17.5≤CrG≤1.17.(CrT)-9.5;
-如果60%<CrT≤82%,则1.67.(CrT)-51.5≤CrG≤1.67.(CrT)-39.5。
10.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述微粒混合物使得:无论考虑什么组分,只要该组分的含量以基于氧化物的重量百分比计大于1%,则所述微粒混合物的各种细粒中的所述组分的含量的分布的标准偏差低于8。
11.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,以基于氧化物的重量百分比计,所述微粒混合物的Cr2O3+Al2O3的含量大于80%。
12.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,以基于氧化物的重量百分比计,所述微粒混合物的所述细粒中的至少70%的重量百分比的细粒的氧化铬含量满足下列条件VII:
-如果10%≤CrT≤30%,则0.018.(CrT)2-0.390.(CrT)+13.10≤CrG≤0.018.(CrT)2-0.390.(CrT)+21.10;
-如果30%<CrT≤60%,则1.17.(CrT)-17.5≤CrG≤1.17.(CrT)-9.5;
-如果60%<CrT≤82%,则1.67.(CrT)-51.5≤CrG≤1.67.(CrT)-39.5。
13.根据权利要求12所述的装置,其中,以基于氧化物的重量百分比计,所述微粒混合物的Cr2O3+Al2O3的含量大于90%。
14.根据权利要求1所述的装置,
-所述微粒混合物的基质部分包括微粒,所述微粒包括氧化铬和/或氧化铝和/或氧化锆和/或氧化镁和/或铁氧化物和/或钛氧化物和/或二氧化硅和/或氧化钙,或者包括这些微粒的混合物;和/或
-由所述微粒混合物的细粒形成的颗粒包括微粒,所述微粒包括氧化铬和/或氧化铝和/或氧化锆和/或氧化镁和/或铁氧化物和/或钛氧化物和/或二氧化硅,或者包括这些微粒的混合物。
15.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,以基于氧化物的重量百分比计且总和为100%,所述微粒混合物的细粒中的至少80%的重量百分比的细粒的化学组成为:
-Cr2O3+Al2O3+ZrO2+MgO+Fe2O3+SiO2+TiO2≥90%,
-Cr2O3+Al2O3+MgO≥60%,和
-Cr2O3≥9%,和
-20%≥SiO2≥0.1%,和
-其它氧化物≤10%。
16.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述微粒混合物的基质部分一方面包括氧化铬微粒以及另一方面包括氧化铝微粒和/或氧化锆微粒和/或氧化镁微粒和/或铁氧化物微粒和/或钛氧化物微粒和/或二氧化硅微粒和/或氧化钙微粒;或者,该基质部分一方面包括含有氧化铬的微粒,以及另一方面包括含有氧化铝和/或氧化锆和/或氧化镁和/或铁氧化物和/或钛氧化物和/或二氧化硅和/或钙的微粒,或者包括这些微粒的混合物。
17.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述微粒混合物的颗粒的表观密度大于理论密度的85%和/或开孔体积小于3%。
18.根据权利要求1至17中任一项所述的装置,其中,所述微粒混合物使得CrT≤80%。
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