CN103004433B - Bare-toot planting method for large chestnut tree - Google Patents
Bare-toot planting method for large chestnut tree Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bare-toot planting method for a large chestnut tree. The method comprises the following steps of 1, selecting a planting period; 2, pretreating a tree body of the large tree; 3, lifting seedling; 4, transporting; 5, planting, and carrying out water retention; and 6, carrying out maintenance and green-recovering. The method has the advantages that 1, the early spring with minimum transpiration amount of the tree body is adopted as the planting period, and five comprehensive water retention measures of (1) adopting a branch reshaping method of cutting 1/2 to 2/3 main branches of the planted large tree; (2) smearing cuts of the cross section; (3) adopting a root comprehensive moisturizing method after the seedling lifting of the large tree; (4) dewatering for two times after planting; and (5) covering mulching films, so the moisture transpiration amount of the tree body is reduced, and the survival rate of the planted large tree is improved; 2, the bare-root planting method is adopted, a root system only remains little heart protecting soil, and the integral weight and volume of the large tree are only about 1/4 of the weight and volume of a plant with soil, so the manual operation is convenient in the seedling lifting, transportation and planting processes, the labor workload is greatly reduced, the machinery assisting operation rate is reduced, and the planting cost is obviously reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fruit tree field of planting, be specifically related to a kind of Chinese chestnut big trees with bare root method for planting.
Background technology
Height of seedling 1.5 ~ 2.0m, the thick 4 ~ 5cm in trunk footpath, there are the above seedlings of lifes in 4 years of 1 ~ 2 layer, 4 ~ 6 major branch, fruit tree build garden be referred to as in planting " tree greatly " [Zhang Xingwang. fruit tree seedlings culture technique. Yunnan Forestry, 2008,29 (3): 23.].Setting the garden of building of planting is greatly the trend of fruit tree industry development from now on.At present, restricted by economic condition and Chinese chestnut planting technique level, the large tree of the Chinese chestnut garden of building of planting is extremely low in the rate that realizes of China.Studying carefully its main cause, is because in the Chinese chestnut industry of current China, also there is no a kind of standard and the large tree planting technique of high-servival rate.
Be applied to now the technology that the large tree of Chinese chestnut plants and generally there are two obvious drawbacks, the one, process is lack of standardization to set up greatly seedling, transport, plant etc., operating procedure confusion, and large tree plants that to set body water conservation in process backward in technique, causes setting greatly planting survival rate low; The 2nd, the large tree of Chinese chestnut that plant is generally all with branch, volume is larger, and existing large tree method for planting is all that tree body band soil he is planted, the workload of increased like this lifting, packing, transporting and planting seedlings, improve Liao Jian garden cost, slow down Liao Jian garden speed, extensive Chinese chestnut is built to garden work and bring certain difficulty.
Summary of the invention
Lack of standardization for the large tree planting technique of existing Chinese chestnut operating procedure, water conservation is backward in technique, with the native he large problem of workload of planting, the present invention aims to provide a kind of Chinese chestnut big trees with bare root method for planting.
Chinese chestnut big trees with bare root method for planting provided by the invention, comprises the steps:
1) select to plant period
Be early spring the period of planting;
2) large tree tree body pretreatment
More than raw to 5 years (containing), set in the processing of being vertically completely cured apart from trunk 30cm place greatly; The processing of can not being completely cured of 4 years large trees of life;
Large tree tree crown is deeplyd prune, remove 1/2 ~ 2/3 of whole major branch amounts, the major branch remaining is apart from trunk 30cm place cutting back, on trunk and major branch raw diameter 0.3cm(containing) following branch all retains; Sealing is smeared in all cross sections that stay because of pruning;
3) lifting
The lifting time is 0-7 days before field planting;
Under vertical apart from trunk 70cm place, dig operation ditch, furrow width 60cm～80cm, ditch depth is 60cm;
Touch the soil block of smashing parcel root, retain a little and protect cubsoil (protecting cubsoil: adhere to the soil on root system), push over large tree; Carry out root relief processing, cut being completely cured of large tree, withered, hurdle root, cutting back, without the main root of radicula, retains as far as possible many root systems;
After lifting, keep large usage tree root moistening;
4) transportation
5) field planting and water conservation
Bar ditch or round pool have been dug;
To set greatly and be placed in bar ditch or round pool, by trunk righting, banket, till having peace of mind is filled up, fix tree dish simultaneously; After field planting, water immediately first pass water;
After field planting, in 3 ~ 4 days, water second time water, covering with plastic film in 3 ~ 5 days after second time water waters;
6) maintenance and multiple green
Large tree grows after blade, with the urea of quality percentage composition 0.3% or the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of quality percentage composition 0.25% every 10 days spray leaf fertilizeies 1 time, continuous spraying 3 ~ 4 times;
After the field planting of large tree, in First Year, water 3 ~ 5 times in (not containing the first pass water and the second time water that water after planting), water rear intertillage or envelope weir, during rainy season, note water drainage, in tree dish, must not have ponding.
Wherein, plant period described in step 1), preferably late March ~ early April.
Wherein, step 2) described in smear sealing, used is paint, preferably red paint.
Wherein, set up greatly the preferred field planting of seedling time first 0 day described in step 3), i.e. field planting same day.
Wherein, described in step 3), keep the method for the moistening employing of large usage tree root to be spray humectant, dip in mud, use wet straw screen or mat to cover or heel in one or more in processing.
Wherein, transport described in step 4), entrucking/ship time, forward, tree crown, protects root backwards to root, reduces root splitting, fractures, and fixes, and cover wet straw screen or mat or tarpaulin after entrucking/ship, and unload/ship time order is hung Xia great Shu.
Wherein, bar furrow width 0.8m, deeply 0.8m described in step 5); Large 30cm ~ the 40cm of the larger tree root relief of described round pool root system diameter after treatment, the degree of depth is deepened 20cm ~ 30cm.
The field planting of bar ditch is selected on general level land, and round pool or the field planting of horizontal bar ditch are selected in mountain and hill area.
Wherein, banket as soil replacement and backfilling described in step 5), the first backfill table soil of soil (humus soil) digging out when digging bar ditch or round pool, then backfill underearth (immature soil) are mixed into fertilizer, weeds crops straw in backfill.
Wherein, repair tree dish described in step 5), mountain and hill area, water oozes accomplishes circular dash furrow apart from trunk 50 ~ 70cm place afterwards down, the furrow face 10 ~ 15cm that is above the ground level; In flat-bottomed land, apart from trunk 60cm place, along tree row, repair 2 parallel dash furrow, the furrow face 10 ~ 15cm that is above the ground level.
Wherein, first pass water described in step 5), while noting watering, the water yield is unsuitable excessive, and current will slowly be irrigated, and backfill soil is slowly sunk.
Wherein, second time water described in step 5), the water yield is wanted foot, take soil irrigate and not Wang Shui as standard.
Wherein, water described in step 5), after watering, will note whole weir, the leak stopping of banketing at every turn.
Wherein, covering with plastic film described in step 5), plastic mulching is on flat furrow, and soil pressure is real for surrounding; Mulch film can adopt water white transparency mulch film or black mulch film, preferably black mulch film.
Advantage of the present invention is:
(1) planting survival rate significantly improves
1, with early spring of setting body transpiration rate minimum for the period of planting, this be because spring soil thaw after to set body germinate before tree body still in relative dormant period, now plant due to root system sprout than bud sprout want Zao, root system injured in the process of planting heals when bud is not sprouted in advance by storing nutrient in tree body, and nutrient consumption and moisture transpiration are less, survival rate is higher; And if the evening in period of planting, injured root system (root system is also in the seedling-slowing stage) bud under the situation of healing not yet completely of large tree root relief has started to sprout, and then grow branches and leaves, thereby occur the underground part root system output phenomenon of top branches and leaves transpiration rate contentedly, reduce large tree survival rate.Therefore should be early spring the period that the large tree of Chinese chestnut is planted, take between late March ~ early April as best period.
2, for making the moisture that root and blade absorb reach balance with tree bulk-growth and the rising amount consuming, adopt and 1. cut off the heavy pruning method of planting big trees 1/2 ~ 2/3 major branch, 2. smear cross section wound, 3. set up greatly the comprehensive method for moisturizing of seedling back root part, 4. water after planting 2 times, 5. 5 comprehensive Water-retaining Measures of covering with plastic film, to reach, reduce tree body moisture transpiration amount, improve large tree planting survival rate.
3, when pollarding, all retaining on trunks and major branch the branch below raw diameter 0.3cm, these branches, in large tree tree vigo(u)r recovery process, provide sprout to sprout, young sprout is grown required hormone, improves large tree planting survival rate.
4, carrying out foliage-spray, from blade, absorb nutrient, is to the supplementing of root Nutrient Absorption, and fully ensures that tree vigo(u)r recovers, the nutrient demand of tree bulk-growth, improves large tree planting survival rate.
(2) cost of planting significantly reduces
Conventional large tree belt soil top method for planting, due to root soil ball weight, being completely cured, contracting sticks together, lifting, removes and unload, transport, plant in process, have operation quantities large, need multiple machinery to assist the drawbacks such as operation, required time be long, thereby the expense in human and material resources, financial resources is huge, set greatly the cost of planting high.And method of the present invention adopts the mode of bare-rooted planting to the large tree of Chinese chestnut, root system only retains a little and protects cubsoil, large tree total quality and volume are only 1/4 left and right with native top plant, therefore lifting, transport and the process of planting in manual operation convenient, greatly reduce work workload, reduced mechanical assistance operating rate, the cost that makes to plant significantly reduces.
Embodiment
Following examples are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.In embodiment, the material such as fertilizer used, mulch film, red paint is all commercially available.
Comparative example
The method of comparative example and the method main distinction of the present invention have 2 points:
1) section that pruning stays is not smeared red paint;
2) do not carry out covering with plastic film.
Comparative example with following method plant 15 years uncooked chestnut kinds ' Yan Ming ', ' early rich ' and ' 4 years uncooked chestnut kind ' swallow light ' large sapling (all purchased from seedling company of Changli, Hebei province fruit tree institute):
1 selects to plant period
The large tree of Chinese chestnut selects April 10 to start in period of planting.
2 large tree tree body pretreatment
The processing of being completely cured before planting of 2.1 large trees
April 10, at the selected Cultivars of Chinese Chestnut ' Yan Ming ' that will plant of seedling company of Changli, Hebei province fruit tree institute nursery stock base, ' early rich ' and ' swallow light ', set greatly each 12 strains, wherein ' Yan Ming ' carrying out the vertical processing of being completely cured with ' early rich ' apart from trunk 30cm place.
2.2 large trees are pruned and process before planting
3 large tree tree crowns of Cultivars of Chinese Chestnut are deeplyd prune, remove 2/3 of whole major branch amounts, to the major branch remaining apart from trunk bifurcation 30cm cutting back.To on trunk and major branch raw very thin branch and the branch below rugosity 0.3cm all retain.
3 liftings
April 11 started, and apart from trunk 70cm place, dug operation ditch, furrow width 60cm～80cm under vertically.Cut off after all master roots, touch and smash native ball, retain a little and protect cubsoil, remove remaining soil, push over trees.After setting up greatly seedling, adopt the method for spray humectant to carry out moisturizing to large tree plant and root system.
Set up greatly after seedling, root system carried out to root relief processing, the as far as possible root systems that retain more, cut be completely cured, withered, hurdle root, cutting back is without the main root of radicula.
4 transportations
During entrucking, forward, tree crown backwards for root.Should be specifically noted that and protect root, reduce root splitting, fracture, steady after entrucking, squeeze sternly, and cover wet straw screen or mat or tarpaulin and hide and protected.While unloading, should sequentially hang down.
5 field planting and water conservation
5.1 dig planting pit
Field planting place is Kong Zhuan village, Changli County, Hebei province, selects the field planting of strip zanjon, and April 12 carried out, by wide 0.8m, dark 0.8m trench digging, and the soil of filling in a form (humus soil) digging out and fill out underearth (immature soil) pile up separately.
5.2 large tree field planting
April 12 carried out, and in field planting process, will set greatly and be placed in gently in bar ditch, guaranteed that naked tree root must unfold.By trunk righting, soil replacement and backfilling, notes first backfill table soil (humus soil) backfill underearth (immature soil) again, mixes into fertilizer, weeds crops straw (physique account for cumulative volume 15%) in backfill.Steady and sure after earth backing, till filling up.
5.3 repair tree dish
Follow large tree field planting to repair tree dish, apart from trunk 60cm place, along tree row, accomplish 2 parallel dash furrow, the furrow face 10 ~ 15cm that is above the ground level.
5.4 water in time
First pass water completes immediately after cultivation, notices while watering that the water yield is difficult for excessive, and current will slowly be irrigated, and backfill soil is slowly sunk.Second time water completes in 4 days after the field planting of large tree, water yield abundance.
6 maintenances and multiple green
Large tree is planted after blade grows, and carry out in time spray leaf fertilizer, with 0.3% urea or 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, every 10 days sprayings 1 time, sprays continuously 3 ~ 4 times.
Large tree plant after in First Year, watering should be timely, sufficient, depending on arboreal growth, needs and climatic variation.Water rear intertillage and seal weir, during rainy season, draining flooded fields, in tree dish, there is no ponding.
7 results of implementation
The large tree planting survival rate of table 1 Chinese chestnut
| Kind | The age of tree (year) | Plant the time (day/month) | Survival rate (%) |
| Yan Ming | 15 | 12/4 | 58.3aA |
| Early rich | 15 | 12/4 | 66.7aA |
| Yan Guang | 4 | 12/4 | 75.0aA |
Note: adopt Tukey method check difference.Lowercase represents 5% significance level; Capitalization represents 1% utmost point significance level.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment with the inventive method plant 15 years uncooked chestnut kinds ' Yan Ming ', ' early rich ' and 4 years uncooked chestnut kind ' swallow light ' large sapling, all, purchased from seedling company of Changli, Hebei province fruit tree institute, concrete operation step is as follows:
1 selects to plant period
The large tree of Chinese chestnut selects April 10 to start in period of planting.
2 large tree tree body pretreatment
The processing of being completely cured before planting of 2.1 large trees
April 10, at the selected Cultivars of Chinese Chestnut ' Yan Ming ' that will plant of seedling company of Changli, Hebei province fruit tree institute nursery stock base, ' early rich ' and ' swallow light ', set greatly each 12 strains, wherein ' Yan Ming ' carrying out the vertical processing of being completely cured with ' early rich ' apart from trunk 30cm place.
2.2 large trees are pruned and process before planting
3 large tree tree crowns of Cultivars of Chinese Chestnut are deeplyd prune, remove 2/3 of whole major branch amounts, to the major branch remaining apart from trunk bifurcation 30cm cutting back.To on trunk and major branch raw very thin branch and the branch below rugosity 0.3cm all retain.After completing, pruning smears all sections that stay because of debranching with red paint.
3 liftings
April 11 started, and apart from trunk 70cm place, dug operation ditch, furrow width 60cm～80cm under vertically.Cut off after all master roots, touch and smash native ball, retain a little and protect cubsoil, remove remaining soil, push over trees.After setting up greatly seedling, adopt the method for spray humectant to carry out moisturizing to large tree plant and root system.
Set up greatly after seedling, root system carried out to root relief processing, the as far as possible root systems that retain more, cut be completely cured, withered, hurdle root, cutting back is without the main root of radicula.
4 transportations
During entrucking, forward, tree crown backwards for root.Should be specifically noted that and protect root, reduce root splitting, fracture, steady after entrucking, squeeze sternly, and cover wet straw screen or mat or tarpaulin and hide and protected.While unloading, should sequentially hang down.
5 field planting and water conservation
5.1 dig planting pit
Field planting place is Kong Zhuan village, Changli County, Hebei province, selects the field planting of strip zanjon, and April 12 carried out, by the dark 0.8m of wide 0.8m trench digging, and the soil of filling in a form (humus soil) digging out and fill out underearth (immature soil) pile up separately.
5.2 large tree field planting
April 12 carried out, and in field planting process, will set greatly and be placed in gently in bar ditch, guaranteed that naked tree root must unfold.By trunk righting, soil replacement and backfilling, notes first backfill table soil (humus soil) backfill underearth (immature soil) again, mixes into fertilizer, weeds crops straw (physique accounts for cumulative volume 15%) in backfill.Steady and sure after earth backing, till filling up.
5.3 repair tree dish
Follow large tree field planting to repair tree dish simultaneously, apart from trunk 60cm place, along tree row, accomplish 2 parallel dash furrow, the furrow face 10 ~ 15cm that is above the ground level.
5.4 water in time
First pass water is pouring immediately after the field planting of large tree completes, and while noting watering, the water yield is difficult for excessively, and current will slowly be irrigated, and backfill soil is slowly sunk.Second time water completes in 4 days after the field planting of large tree, water yield abundance.
5.5 covering with plastic film
In second time water, water in latter 4 days and complete, plastic mulching is on flat furrow, and surrounding is real by soil pressure, and mulch film adopts black film.
6 maintenances and multiple green
Large tree is planted after blade grows, and carry out in time spray leaf fertilizer, with 0.3% urea or 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, every 10 days sprayings 1 time, sprays continuously 3 ~ 4 times.
Large tree plant after in First Year, watering should be timely, sufficient, depending on arboreal growth, needs and climatic variation.Water rear intertillage and seal weir, during rainy season, draining flooded fields, in tree dish, there is no ponding.
In the present embodiment, the material such as fertilizer used, mulch film, red paint is all commercially available.
7 results of implementation
Table 2 Chinese chestnut big trees with bare root planting survival rate
| Kind | The age of tree (year) | Plant the time (day/month) | Survival rate (%) |
| Yan Ming | 15 | 12/4 | 91.7aA |
| Early rich | 15 | 12/4 | 91.7aA |
| Yan Guang | 4 | 12/4 | 100.0aA |
Note: adopt Tukey method check difference.Lowercase represents 5% significance level; Capitalization represents 1% utmost point significance level.
From table 2, adopt after Chinese chestnut big trees with bare root method for planting of the present invention, Cultivars of Chinese Chestnut ' Yan Ming ', ' early rich ' and ' swallow light ' large sapling planting survival rate all reach more than 90%, than the survival rate of comparative example, there is significant raising, and between 3 experimental cultivar planting survival rates, difference is not remarkable, illustrate on the large tree that this inventive method plants at different Cultivars of Chinese Chestnuts and apply, its stability is strong, and be not subject to the impact of difference between Cultivars of Chinese Chestnut, on different Cultivars of Chinese Chestnuts, all can obtain higher planting survival rate.
And the large tree method for planting of Chinese chestnut that there is no moulding on producing at present, therefore method of the present invention has application value.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, do not departing under the prerequisite of the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a Chinese chestnut big trees with bare root method for planting, comprises the steps:
1) select to plant period
Be late March～early April the period of planting; 2) large tree tree body pretreatment
To life in 5 years is above, set in the processing of being vertically completely cured apart from trunk 30cm place greatly; The processing of not being completely cured of 4 years large trees of life; The time of being completely cured is first 1 day of lifting;
Large tree tree crown is deeplyd prune, remove 1/2～2/3 of whole major branch amounts, the major branch remaining is apart from trunk 30cm place cutting back, on trunk and major branch the branch below raw diameter 0.3cm all retain; Sealing is smeared in all cross sections that stay because of pruning;
3) lifting
The lifting time is first 0 day of field planting, i.e. field planting same day;
Under vertical apart from trunk 70cm place, dig operation ditch, furrow width 60cm～80cm, ditch depth 60cm;
Touch the soil block of smashing parcel root, retain a little and protect cubsoil, push over large tree; Carry out root relief processing, cut being completely cured of large tree, withered, rotten, cutting back, without the main root of radicula, retains as far as possible many root systems;
After lifting, keep large usage tree root moistening;
4) transportation
5) field planting and water conservation
Bar ditch or round pool have been dug;
To set greatly and be placed in bar ditch or round pool, by trunk righting, banket, till having peace of mind is filled up, fix tree dish simultaneously; After field planting, water immediately first pass water;
After field planting, in 3～4 days, water second time water, covering with plastic film in 3～5 days after second time water waters;
6) maintenance and multiple green
Large tree grows after blade, with the urea of quality percentage composition 0.3% or the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of quality percentage composition 0.25% every 10 days spray leaf fertilizeies 1 time, continuous spraying 3～4 times;
After the field planting of large tree, in First Year, water 3～5 times, water rear intertillage or envelope weir, during rainy season, note water drainage, in tree dish, must not have ponding;
Step 2) described in smear sealing, used is red paint;
The method that keeps the moistening employing of large usage tree root described in step 3) is spray humectant, dips in mud, uses wet straw screen or mat to cover or heel in one or more in processing;
Bar furrow width 0.8m described in step 5), dark 0.8m; Large 30cm～the 40cm of the larger tree root relief of described round pool root system diameter after treatment, the degree of depth is deepened 20cm～30cm;
Described in step 5), repair tree dish, mountain and hill area, water oozes accomplishes circular dash furrow apart from trunk 50～70cm place afterwards down, the furrow face 10～15cm that is above the ground level; In flat-bottomed land, apart from trunk 60cm place, along tree row, repair 2 parallel dash furrow, the furrow face 10～15cm that is above the ground level;
Described in step 5), mulch film is water white transparency mulch film or black mulch film.
2. the application of Chinese chestnut big trees with bare root method for planting claimed in claim 1 in the large tree of Chinese chestnut is planted.
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| CN103262775B (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2015-01-07 | 北京正和恒基滨水生态环境治理股份有限公司 | Method for planting trees in desert environment |
| CN103283561B (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2015-07-15 | 杭州蓝天园林生态科技股份有限公司中泰分公司 | Method for keeping alive bare-root transplanted zelkova serrata |
| CN104719085A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2015-06-24 | 宜宾云辰乔木园林有限责任公司 | Method for improving arbor bare root planting survival rate |
| CN105075778B (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2018-01-30 | 大悟鸿源农业科技有限公司 | The method of High Yield for Chinese Chestnut plantation |
| CN107251792A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2017-10-17 | 韦健 | A kind of Chinese chestnut good quality and high output implantation methods |
| CN108040721A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-05-18 | 株洲市文浩农业开发有限公司 | A kind of Chinese chestnut tree transplanting and fertilizing method |
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