CN102982936B - 烧结Nd-Fe-B系磁铁的省却工序的制作方法 - Google Patents

烧结Nd-Fe-B系磁铁的省却工序的制作方法 Download PDF

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CN102982936B
CN102982936B CN201210452739.7A CN201210452739A CN102982936B CN 102982936 B CN102982936 B CN 102982936B CN 201210452739 A CN201210452739 A CN 201210452739A CN 102982936 B CN102982936 B CN 102982936B
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永田浩
吴冲浒
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Fujian Jinlong Rare Earth Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种烧结Nd-Fe-B系磁铁的省却工序的制作方法,是在制造烧结磁铁中氧含量为2500ppm以下的Nd-Fe-B系烧结磁铁的工序中:在氢破粉碎工序中,将氢破粉碎工序之前的工序所得到的平均厚度为0.1~0.5mm的薄片状合金原料和粉碎用媒介一同放入氢破粉碎容器中,在0.01MPa以上、1MPa以下的氢气压力下保持不超过24小时,进行氢破粉碎;在氢破粉碎时或氢破粉碎后通过搅拌或旋转氢破粉碎容器,在氢破粉碎容器中将薄片状合金原料制成细粉;然后,不进行气流粉碎,直接使用磁场成形法进行成形,在真空或惰性气体中以900℃~1140℃的温度进行烧结。该方法实现了能够将气流粉碎工序省略掉,达到了可有效利用宝贵的稀土资源,可简化工序,还可以进行低成本的生产的目的。

Description

烧结Nd-Fe-B系磁铁的省却工序的制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及磁铁的制造技术领域,特别是涉及一种烧结Nd-Fe-B系(钕-铁-硼)磁铁的省却工序的制作方法。
背景技术
磁铁是可以产生磁场的物体,为一磁偶极子,能够吸引铁磁性物质如铁、镍、钴等金属。Nd-Fe-B系(钕-铁-硼)磁铁是磁铁中的一种,它是目前发现商品化性能最高的磁铁,被人们称为磁王,拥有极高的磁性能,其最大磁能积(BH)max高过铁氧体(Ferrite)10倍以上;其本身的机械加工性能亦相当之好,工作温度最高可达200摄氏度,而且其质地坚硬,性能稳定,有很好的性价比,故其应用极其广泛。
Nd-Fe-B系(钕-铁-硼)磁铁的制作工艺有二种,一种是烧结钕-铁-硼磁铁,另一种是粘结钕-铁-硼磁铁。现有技术的烧结Nd-Fe-B系(钕-铁-硼)磁铁的制作工艺主要包括如下流程:称量→熔炼→铸造→氢破粉碎→气流粉碎(JM)→成形→烧结→热处理等。
作为Nd-Fe-B系磁铁的粉碎法,氢破粉碎法(HD)+气流微粉碎法(JM)的2段粉碎法是比较常用的。氢破粉碎着眼于使Nd磁铁(即钕铁硼磁铁)合金吸氢,随着氢的吸收,体积不断膨胀使内部产生破损、裂痕或破裂,这是一种比较简单的粉碎方法。而气流粉碎法(JM)是使粉末在几乎无氧的气氛下进行超声加速,互相撞击,并将撞击后的粉末分级为粗粉和粉碎粉。这种分级使用的是能够进行高速旋转的筛状的旋转刀,但是因为必须保证5000rpm左右稳定的转速,会产生旋转刀的消耗问题,同时也需要轴承等精密的机械部件。
另一方面,在现有技术的Nd-Fe-B系磁铁的制作方法中,普遍认为:将粉碎后氧化的超细粉(1μm以下)进行分级,去除被氧化的超细粉是比较好的,这就需要用到粉末的分级设备以及能使惰性气体进行循环再利用的特殊过滤器等复杂设备。
另外,稀土磁铁的细粉末极易和氧发生反应,着火并剧烈燃烧。所以在进行气流粉碎设备的清扫时,实际上是与火粉共同作业,这就给操作人员的作业带来了安全隐患。
随着Nd-Fe-B系磁铁制造的低氧化不断发展,成形至烧结工序的气密性技术的不断进步,成形至烧结工序几乎不氧化。其余会发生氧化的工序为在大量气流中进行粉碎的气流磨工序。如果使用气流粉碎法无法避免粉末氧化的话,以后将成为无法将氧含量降为更低的时代。
另外,随着稀土资源的不断开采和不断减少,稀土成为宝贵资源。所以必须有效利用稀土,这样一来,气流磨粉碎工序(JM)中0.5~5%程度的粉末损失也会逐渐成为问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术之不足,提供一种烧结Nd-Fe-B系磁铁的省却工序的制作方法,是通过对气流粉碎之前的制作过程进行改进,从而实现了能够将气流粉碎工序省略掉,达到了可有效利用宝贵的稀土资源,可简化工序,还可以进行低成本的生产的目的;另外,还可以防止气流粉碎法中无论如何都避免不了的氧化作用,使之成为实质上的非氧化工序,使超高性能磁铁的大量制造成为可能。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种烧结Nd-Fe-B系磁铁的省却工序的制作方法,是在制造烧结磁铁中氧含量为2500ppm以下的Nd-Fe-B系烧结磁铁的工序中:
在氢破粉碎工序中,将氢破粉碎工序之前的工序所得到的平均厚度为0.1~0.5mm的薄片状合金原料和粉碎用媒介一同放入氢破粉碎容器中,在0.01MPa以上、1MPa以下的氢气压力下保持不超过24小时,进行氢破粉碎;在氢破粉碎时或氢破粉碎后通过搅拌或旋转氢破粉碎容器,在氢破粉碎容器中将薄片状合金原料制成细粉;
然后,不进行气流粉碎,直接使用磁场成形法进行成形,在真空或惰性气体中以900℃~1140℃的温度进行烧结。
进一步的,在氢破粉碎工序中,是在0.01MPa以上、1MPa以下的氢气压力下保持不超过1~6小时,进行氢破粉碎。
进一步的,在氢破粉碎工序中,是先将薄片状合金原料预加热至200℃~700℃后再进行氢破粉碎。
进一步的,在氢破粉碎工序后,取出氢破粉碎后的粉末过筛,将粉碎用媒介和磁铁合金粉末进行分离。
所述磁场成形法进行成形为在模具中使用的是磁场成形和等静压成形组合的2段式成形。
所述薄片状合金原料以原子百分比计,其成分为ReTfAgJhGiDk
其中:
R为包含稀土元素Nd和稀土元素La、Ce、Pr、Sm、Gd、Dy、Tb、Ho、Er、Eu、Tm、Lu、Y中的至少二种,T为包含元素Fe和元素Ru、Co、Ni中的至少一种,A为包含元素B和元素C、P中的至少一种,J为元素Cu、Mn、Si、Cr中的至少一种,G为素Al、Ga、Ag、Bi、Sn中的至少一种,D为元素Zr、Hf、V、Mo、W、Ti、Nb中的至少一种;
e的原子百分比at%为12≤e≤16,
g的原子百分比at%为5≤g≤9,
h的原子百分比at%为0.05≤h≤1,
i的原子百分比at%为0.2≤i≤2.0,
k的原子百分比at%为0≤j≤4,
f的原子百分比at%为f=100―e―g―h―i―k。
所述薄片状合金原料的成分中,其中元素Co含量为1at%以下。
本发明的一种烧结Nd-Fe-B系磁铁的省却工序的制作方法,是在熔炼铸造原料的Nd-Fe-B合金时,铸造出平均厚度为0.1mm~0.5mm的薄片状合金即薄片状铸片,其中,铸造法可以采用目前公知的水冷斜面铸造法、水冷平面圆盘铸造法、双辊法、单辊法及离心铸造法等薄片铸造法。薄片状的Nd-Fe-B铸片和粉碎用媒介一同放入氢破粉碎容器中进行氢破粉碎,在0.01MPa至1MPa的氢气氛中放置不超过24小时进行氢破粉碎,在氢破粉碎时或氢破粉碎后通过搅拌或旋转氢破粉碎容器,在氢破粉碎容器中将薄片状合金原料制成细粉;之后在真空中脱氢,粉碎基本在该工序结束。在后继的工序中,取出氢破粉碎后的粉末,根据粉末的性质,适当混入成形助剂、成形润滑剂等。然后,在磁场中成形,成形性与以往的粉末有很大的不同,最好使用以往的简单磨具进行磁场成形和等静压成形(CIP)组合的2段式成形。成形体在真空中脱脂、脱气,在真空或惰性气体中以900℃~1140℃的温度烧结。制成的烧结磁铁的氧含量可以在1000ppm以下,这是因为不使用气流微粉碎,可减少气氛与粉末接触的机会,实现了低氧含量。
本发明的有益效果是,由于采用了在制造烧结磁铁中氧含量为2500ppm以下的Nd-Fe-B系烧结磁铁的工序中:在氢破粉碎工序中,将氢破粉碎工序之前的工序所得到的平均厚度为0.1~0.5mm的薄片状合金原料和粉碎用媒介一同放入氢破粉碎容器中,在0.01MPa以上、1MPa以下的氢气压力下保持不超过24小时,进行氢破粉碎;在氢破粉碎时或氢破粉碎后通过搅拌或旋转氢破粉碎容器,在氢破粉碎容器中将薄片状合金原料制成细粉;然后,不进行气流粉碎,直接使用磁场成形法进行成形,在真空或惰性气体中以900℃~1140℃的温度进行烧结。该方法具有节省稀土资源,简化制作工序,降低制作成本的特点。
以往的常识认为,气流粉碎是必须的工序,认为其为必须条件是出于以下考虑:为使具有一定狭小粒度分布的粉末具备成形性、取向性及矫顽力等磁铁特性。
但是,随着稀土原材料价格的异常高涨及磁性材料的低氧化要求的重叠,粉末的成品率不好,这就步入了是否可省略必然会产生氧化的气流粉碎工序的验证时代。
本发明针对磁铁基本工序中,气流微粉碎法是否可以省略进行了深入研究和实验。结果发现:在特定条件下制造原料合金的话,气流粉碎法可进行省略。省略了气流粉碎工序,可有效利用宝贵的稀土资源,可简化工序,还可以进行低成本的生产。另外,还可防止气流粉碎法中无论如何都避免不了的氧化作用,使之成为实质上的非氧化工序,使超高性能磁铁的大量制造第一次成为可能。
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明;但本发明的一种烧结NdFeB系磁铁的省却工序的制作方法不局限于实施例。
具体实施方式
本发明的一种烧结Nd-Fe-B系磁铁的省却工序的制作方法,是在制造烧结磁铁中氧含量为2500ppm以下的Nd-Fe-B系烧结磁铁的工序中:
在氢破粉碎工序中,将氢破粉碎工序之前的工序所得到的平均厚度为0.1~0.5mm的薄片状合金原料和粉碎用媒介一同放入氢破粉碎容器中,在0.01MPa以上、1MPa以下的氢气压力下保持不超过24小时,进行氢破粉碎;在氢破粉碎时或氢破粉碎后通过搅拌或旋转氢破粉碎容器,在氢破粉碎容器中将薄片状合金原料制成细粉;
然后,不进行气流粉碎,直接使用磁场成形法进行成形,在真空或惰性气体中以900℃~1140℃的温度进行烧结。
进一步的,在氢破粉碎工序中,是在0.01MPa以上、1MPa以下的氢气压力下保持不超过1~6小时,进行氢破粉碎。
进一步的,在氢破粉碎工序中,是先将薄片状合金原料预加热至200℃~700℃后再进行氢破粉碎。
进一步的,在氢破粉碎工序后,取出氢破粉碎后的粉末过筛,将粉碎用媒介和磁铁合金粉末进行分离。
所述磁场成形法进行成形为在模具中使用的是磁场成形和等静压成形组合的2段式成形。
所述薄片状合金原料以原子百分比计,其成分为ReTfAgJhGiDk
其中:
R为包含稀土元素Nd和稀土元素La、Ce、Pr、Sm、Gd、Dy、Tb、Ho、Er、Eu、Tm、Lu、Y中的至少二种,T为包含元素Fe和元素Ru、Co、Ni中的至少一种,A为包含元素B和元素C、P中的至少一种,J为元素Cu、Mn、Si、Cr中的至少一种,G为素Al、Ga、Ag、Bi、Sn中的至少一种,D为元素Zr、Hf、V、Mo、W、Ti、Nb中的至少一种;
e的原子百分比at%为12≤e≤16,
g的原子百分比at%为5≤g≤9,
h的原子百分比at%为0.05≤h≤1,
i的原子百分比at%为0.2≤i≤2.0,
k的原子百分比at%为0≤j≤4,
f的原子百分比at%为f=100―e―g―h―i―k。
所述薄片状合金原料的成分中,其中元素Co含量为1at%以下。
下面通过几个实施例来进一步说明本发明的一种烧结Nd-Fe-B系磁铁的省却工序的制作方法。
实施例一,
在原料配制过程:准备纯度99.5%的Nd、Pr、Dy、Tb、Gd,工业用Fe-B、工业用纯Fe、纯度99.99%的Co,纯度99.5%的Cu、Al、Zr;
以原子百分比at%计,按照成分为ReTfAgJhGiDk来配制。
各元素的含量如下表所示:
为完成上述配制组成,合计称量、配制了500kg的原料。
在熔炼过程:将配制好的500kg的原料放入氧化铝制的坩埚中,在高频真空感应熔炼炉中在100Pa的真空中以1550℃的温度进行真空熔炼。
在铸造过程:在真空熔炼后的熔炼炉中通入Ar气体,在6万Pa压力的真空中,使用以下各铸造法进行铸造;
在氢破粉碎过程:各原料薄片与20gφ10~φ40的钢球一起放入内径为φ800mm的不锈钢旋转氢破炉容器中,通入0.03MPa的纯度为99.999%的氢气,不锈钢旋转氢破炉容器按60rpm的旋转数旋转2小时后,在进行氢破的同时进行球磨粉碎后抽真空,在600℃的温度下抽2小时真空。之后进行冷却,取出氢破粉碎后的试料。
取出的粉末,使用#2的筛子将钢球和产品分离,再使用#500的超声波振动筛过筛,回收过筛后的粉末。过筛后的细粉回收率约在99.8%以上。
取消通常使用的气流微粉碎;在氢破粉碎后的粉末中添加作为成形助剂使用的市面上销售的成形用蜡(蜡系)和成形模具润滑剂,合计添加原料重量的0.1wt%,再用V型混料机充分混合1小时。
在磁场中成形过程:全部粉末都使用直角取向型的磁场成型机,在2.1T的取向磁场中,在0.2ton/cm2的成型压力下,1次成形为边长约40mm的100个立方体。一次成形后在0.2T的磁场中退磁;
为使一次成形后的成形体不接触到空气将其进行密封,使用二次成形机(等静压成形机)在1.2ton/cm2的压力下进行二次成形。
进行了成形后的缺角裂痕调查:永磁材料只要有一点的裂痕缺角破裂就算不良,成形后马上通过目测,只要发现长度3mm以上的破裂缺角裂痕,就判断为不良,计算不良率。
在烧结过程:将各成形体搬至烧结炉进行烧结。烧结在10-3Pa的真空下,在200℃、900℃的温度下各保持2小时后,在1000Pa的Ar气气氛中,以1080℃的温度烧结2小时,之后通入Ar气体使气压达到0.1MPa后,冷却至室温。
在热处理过程:烧结体在高纯度Ar气中,以450℃温度进行1小时热处理后,冷却至室温后取出。
在磁性能评价过程:烧结磁铁使用中国计量院型的NIM-10000H型BH大块稀土永磁无损测量系统进行磁性能检测
在烧结体中的氧含量评价过程:烧结体中的氧含量使用日本HORIBA公司的EMGA-620W型氧氮分析仪进行检测。
下表是实施例和比较例的磁性能评价和氧含量评价的情况
从上述实施例可以看出,氢破粉碎的同时将钢球放入不锈钢旋转氢破炉容器中进行旋转可在不锈钢旋转氢破炉容器内进行球磨粉碎,与粉碎一起产生的新鲜表面,可加速氢破粉碎。氢破粉碎的粉末破碎效果在通过球磨粉碎后效果增强,产生了进一步的粉碎。
钢球可常时放置在不锈钢旋转氢破炉容器内,可不必取出。
将不进行气流微碎的粉末作为原料可知道,薄片状原料中存在厚度的最佳条件。
片厚较薄的原料中因为包含较多的非晶相及等轴晶,会导致取向度变差,Br、(BH)max降低。另外,因为存在较多易氧化的超细粉会使氧含量增加,造成矫顽力和方形度的性能变差。
片厚较厚的原料中因为包含较多的α-Fe及2-17相,大的富Nd相,会导致取向度变差,Br、(BH)max降低。另外,因为存在较多极易氧化的富Nd相,会使氧含量增加,造成矫顽力和方形度的性能变差。
本发明通过在以往的氢破粉碎工序中加入球磨粉碎工序,可省去气流粉碎工序。
将不进行气流微碎的粉末作为原料,对薄片状原料的厚度进行调查后可知,与磁性能相应,存在厚度的最佳条件。
通过对原料厚度进行适当的控制,可以省去气流粉碎。
实施例二,
在原料配制过程:准备纯度99.9%的Nd、Ho、Y,工业用Fe-B、Fe-P、Fe-Cr,工业用纯Fe、纯度99.9%的Ni、Si,纯度99.5%的Bi、V。
以原子百分比at%计,按照成分为ReTfAgJhGiDk来配制。
各元素的含量如下表所示:
为完成上述配制组成,合计称量、配制了100kg的原料。
在熔炼过程:取100kg配制好的原料放入氧化铝制的坩埚中,在高频真空感应熔炼炉中在10-3Pa的真空中以1600℃以下的温度进行真空熔炼。
在铸造过程:在真空熔炼后的熔炼炉中通入Ar气体,在4万Pa压力的真空中,使用水冷圆盘铸造板铸造成平均厚度为0.25mm的铸片。
在氢破粉碎过程:
将平均厚度为0.25mm的原料薄片与40gφ5~φ60的WC球一起放入内径为φ1000mm的不锈钢旋转氢破炉容器中,按以下1~7的试验号所示的压力通入纯度为99.99%的氢气,不锈钢旋转氢破炉容器按30rpm的旋转数旋转,同时进行氢破粉碎和球磨粉碎。在2小时氢破粉碎的同时进行球磨粉碎后抽真空,在650℃的温度下抽2小时真空。之后进行冷却,取出氢破粉碎后的试料;取出的粉末,使用#5的筛子将粉碎球和产品分离,通过圆盘式研磨机后再使用#500的超声波振动筛过筛,回收过筛后的粉末。过筛后的细粉回收率约在99.7%以上;
另外,将平均厚度为0.25mm的原料合金与20gφ3~φ20的SiC球一起放入内径为φ600mm的不锈钢旋转氢破炉容器中,调整至以下8~16的试验号所示温度后,通入纯度为99.999%的0.3MPa的氢气,不锈钢旋转氢破炉容器按100rpm的旋转数旋转,同时进行氢破粉碎和球磨粉碎。取出粉末时,使用#800的超声波振动筛回收过筛后的粉末。过筛后的细粉约在99.7%以上。
氢气压力表
温度表
取消通常使用的气流微粉碎;在氢破粉碎后的粉末中添加作为成形助剂使用的市面上销售的成形用蜡(蜡系)和成形模具润滑剂,合计添加原料重量的0.1wt%,再用V型混料机充分混合3小时。
在磁场中成形过程:全部粉末都使用直角取向型的磁场成型机,在1.8T的取向磁场中,在0.2ton/cm2的成型压力下,1次成形为边长约25mm的100个立方体。一次成形后在0.2T的磁场中退磁;
为使一次成形后的成形体不接触到空气将其进行密封,使用二次成形机(等静压成形机)在1.2ton/cm2的压力下进行二次成形。
进行了成形后的缺角裂痕调查:永磁材料只要有一点的裂痕缺角破裂就算不良,成形后马上通过目测,只要发现长度1mm以上的破裂缺角裂痕,就判断为不良,计算不良率。
在烧结过程:将各成形体搬至烧结炉进行烧结。烧结在10-1Pa的真空下,在200℃、900℃的温度下各保持2小时后,以980℃的温度烧结4小时,之后通入Ar气体使气压达到0.1MPa后,冷却至室温。
在热处理过程:烧结体在高纯度Ar气中,以650℃温度进行1小时热处理后,冷却至室温后取出。
在磁性能评价过程:烧结磁铁使用中国计量院型的NIM-10000H型BH大块稀土永磁无损测量系统进行磁性能检测。
在烧结体中的氧含量评价过程:烧结体中的氧含量使用日本HORIBA公司的EMGA-620W型氧氮分析仪进行检测。
下表是不同压力下实施例和比较例的磁性能评价和氧含量评价的情况
下表是不同温度下实施例和比较例的磁性能评价和氧含量评价的情况
从上述实施例可以看出,当条件为不进行气流微粉碎时可知,氢破粉碎时存在最适合的粉碎压力。低压力时,无法完全吸氢,也就不能充分粉碎。
氢气压力较高时不仅存在安全问题,主要还是无法进行充分粉碎。这是因为主相和富Nd相同时吸氢的话,粉碎较困难。成形不良率也很高。
另外可知,也存在较适宜的开始氢破粉碎的温度范围。
随着起始温度的上升,混入主相中的氢气量变少,沿着富Nd相的破裂不断进行。在超过600℃的高温时,富Nd相的吸氢量也变少了。
实施例三,
在原料配制过程:以原子百分比at%计,按照成分为ReTfAgJhGiDk来配制。
各元素的含量如下表所示:
按照上述5个实验号来进行配制,每个实验号称量、配制了100kg的原料。
在熔炼过程:每次取100kg配制好的原料放入氧化镁制的坩埚中,在高频真空感应熔炼炉中在1Pa的真空中以1600℃以下的温度进行真空熔炼。
在铸造过程:在真空熔炼后的熔炼炉中通入Ar气体使气压达到6.5万Pa后,使用离心铸造装置铸造成平均厚度为0.4mm的铸片。
在氢破粉碎过程:将平均厚度为0.4mm的原料薄片与10gφ20~φ40的不锈钢球一起放入内径为φ1000mm的不锈钢旋转氢破炉容器中,在10-2Pa的真空中升温至200℃,通入0.1MPa纯度为99.999%的氢气,不锈钢旋转氢破炉容器按100rpm的旋转数旋转,同时进行氢破粉碎和球磨粉碎。在进行0.2小时的氢破粉碎和球磨粉碎后抽真空,在550℃的温度下抽0.5小时真空。之后进行冷却,取出氢破粉碎后的试料;
取出的粉末,使用#3的筛子将粉碎球和产品分离,通过连续臼式研磨机后再使用#300的超声波振动筛过筛,回收过筛后的粉末。过筛后的细粉回收率约在99.95%以上。
取消通常使用的气流微粉碎;在氢破粉碎后的粉末中添加作为成形助剂使用的市面上销售的成形用蜡(蜡系)和成形模具润滑剂,合计添加0.3wt%,再用V型混料机充分混合1小时。
在磁场中成形过程:全部粉末都使用直角取向型的磁场成型机,在2.2T的取向磁场中,在0.3ton/cm2的成型压力下,1次成形为边长约25mm的100个立方体。一次成形后在0.15T的磁场中退磁;
为使一次成形后的成形体不接触到空气,将其进行密封,使用二次成形机(等静压成形机)在1.0ton/cm2的压力下进行二次成形。
进行了成形后的缺角裂痕调查:永磁材料只要有一点的裂痕缺角破裂就算不良,成形后马上通过目测,只要发现长度3mm以上的破裂缺角裂痕,就判断为不良,计算不良率。
在烧结过程:将各成形体搬至烧结炉进行烧结。烧结在10-2Pa的真空下,在150℃、650℃、800℃的温度下各保持2小时后,以1080℃的温度烧结4小时,之后通入Ar气体,在0.1MPa的真空中,冷却至室温。
在热处理过程:烧结体在高纯度Ar气中,以540℃温度进行1小时热处理后,冷却至室温后取出。
在磁性能评价过程:烧结磁铁使用中国计量院型的NIM-10000H型BH大块稀土永磁无损测量系统进行磁性能检测。
在烧结体中的氧含量评价过程:烧结体中的氧含量使用日本HORIBA公司的EMGA-620W型氧氮分析仪进行检测。
下表是各实验号的磁性能评价和氧含量评价的情况
从上述实施例可以看出,当条件为不进行气流微粉碎时可知,存在最适合的Co添加量。Co的添加量较多时,粉碎性差,成形不良也会增加。
通过粉末X射线衍射的调查结果,随着Co添加量的增加,可观察到RCo2型、RCo3型的结晶。由此可知含有Co的金属化合物未进行吸氢,这样就会使粉碎性变差,成形性变差。
当条件为不进行气流微粉碎时可知,存在最适合的Co添加量。
本发明的一种烧结Nd-Fe-B系磁铁的省却工序的制作方法,是在熔炼铸造原料的Nd-Fe-B合金时,铸造出平均厚度为0.1mm~0.5mm的薄片状合金即薄片状铸片,其中,铸造法可以采用目前公知的水冷斜面铸造法、水冷平面圆盘铸造法、双辊法、单辊法及离心铸造法等薄片铸造法。薄片状的Nd-Fe-B铸片和粉碎用媒介一同放入氢破粉碎容器中进行氢破粉碎,在0.01MPa至1MPa的氢气氛中放置不超过24小时进行氢破粉碎,在氢破粉碎时或氢破粉碎后通过搅拌或旋转氢破粉碎容器,在氢破粉碎容器中将薄片状合金原料制成细粉;之后在真空中脱氢,粉碎基本在该工序结束。在后继的工序中,取出氢破粉碎后的粉末,根据粉末的性质,适当混入成形助剂、成形润滑剂等。然后,在磁场中成形,成形性与以往的粉末有很大的不同,最好使用以往的简单磨具进行磁场成形和等静压成形(CIP)组合的2段式成形。成形体在真空中脱脂、脱气,在真空或惰性气体中以900℃~1140℃的温度烧结。制成的烧结磁铁的氧含量可以在1000ppm以下,这是因为不使用气流微粉碎,可减少气氛与粉末接触的机会,实现了低氧含量。
上述实施例仅用来进一步说明本发明的一种烧结NdFeB系磁铁的省却工序的制作方法,但本发明并不局限于实施例,凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均落入本发明技术方案的保护范围内。

Claims (7)

1.一种烧结Nd-Fe-B系磁铁的省却工序的制作方法,其特征在于:是在制造烧结磁铁中氧含量为2500ppm以下的Nd-Fe-B系烧结磁铁的工序中:
在氢破粉碎工序中,将氢破粉碎工序之前的工序所得到的平均厚度为0.1~0.5mm的薄片状合金原料和粉碎用媒介一同放入氢破粉碎容器中,在0.01MPa以上、1MPa以下的氢气压力下保持不超过24小时,进行氢破粉碎;在氢破粉碎时通过搅拌或旋转氢破粉碎容器,在氢破粉碎容器中将薄片状合金原料制成细粉;所述粉碎用媒介为选自SiC球、WC球或钢球中的一种;
然后,不进行气流粉碎和机械粉碎,直接使用磁场成形法进行成形,在真空或惰性气体中以900℃~1140℃的温度进行烧结。
2.根据权利要求1所述的烧结Nd-Fe-B系磁铁的省却工序的制作方法,其特征在于:进一步的,在氢破粉碎工序中,是在0.01MPa以上、1MPa以下的氢气压力下保持不超过1~6小时,进行氢破粉碎。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的烧结Nd-Fe-B系磁铁的省却工序的制作方法,其特征在于:进一步的,在氢破粉碎工序中,是先将薄片状合金原料预加热至200℃~700℃后再进行氢破粉碎。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的烧结Nd-Fe-B系磁铁的省却工序的制作方法,其特征在于:进一步的,在氢破粉碎工序后,取出氢破粉碎后的粉末过筛,将粉碎用媒介和磁铁合金粉末进行分离。
5.根据权利要求3所述的烧结Nd-Fe-B系磁铁的省却工序的制作方法,其特征在于:进一步的,在氢破粉碎工序后,取出氢破粉碎后的粉末过筛,将粉碎用媒介和磁铁合金粉末进行分离。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的烧结Nd-Fe-B系磁铁的省却工序的制作方法,其特征在于:所述磁场成形法进行成形为在模具中使用的是磁场成形和等静压成形组合的2段式成形。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的烧结Nd-Fe-B系磁铁的省却工序的制作方法,其特征在于:所述薄片状合金原料的成分中,其中元素Co含量为1at%以下。
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Patentee before: FUJIAN CHANGTING GOLDEN DRAGON RARE-EARTH Co.,Ltd.

CP03 Change of name, title or address