CN102947245B - 氧化铝基不透明陶瓷 - Google Patents
氧化铝基不透明陶瓷 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102947245B CN102947245B CN201180017781.XA CN201180017781A CN102947245B CN 102947245 B CN102947245 B CN 102947245B CN 201180017781 A CN201180017781 A CN 201180017781A CN 102947245 B CN102947245 B CN 102947245B
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- oxide
- mixture
- alumina
- based ceramic
- opaque
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- ZXGIFJXRQHZCGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Er+3].[Er+3] ZXGIFJXRQHZCGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Er]O[Er]=O VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical group O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000010979 ruby Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910001750 ruby Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000174681 Michelia champaca Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002538 Polyethylene Glycol 20000 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000225942 Viola tricolor Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004031 Viola x wittrockiana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+3].[Cr+3] UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950000845 politef Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011009 synthetic ruby Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 yittrium oxide Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
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- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/632—Organic additives
- C04B35/634—Polymers
- C04B35/63448—Polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
- C04B35/645—Pressure sintering
- C04B35/6455—Hot isostatic pressing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B37/00—Cases
- G04B37/22—Materials or processes of manufacturing pocket watch or wrist watch cases
- G04B37/225—Non-metallic cases
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- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
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- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/3239—Vanadium oxides, vanadates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. magnesium vanadate
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种不透明的氧化铝基陶瓷,其与红宝石相似且具有高韧性。该陶瓷按重量计包括:0.4-5%的选自铬、钴、镍、锰、钒、钛和铁的金属的至少一种氧化物;0.00080-0.5%的氧化镁;和0.05-6%的至少一种选自稀土元素的氧化物。该陶瓷特别适合用于珠宝、精致珠宝和钟表制造。本发明还涉及制备这种陶瓷的方法。
Description
本发明涉及一种不透明的氧化铝基陶瓷,其与红宝石相似且具有高韧性。这种陶瓷可以特别是在珠宝和钟表制造中找到应用。
背景技术
红宝石是刚玉家族中的红色品种,其由具有特殊的晶体结构的氧化铝组成。红宝石呈红色是由于在刚玉中存在铬。
多晶红宝石可以购买,其通过如下方式获得:将氧化铝和氧化铬以及作为烧结助剂的少量MgO混合;随后成型该混合物;以及在氢气气氛中或在至少10-1Torr的真空中烧结。然而,由此得到的多晶红宝石由于微观结构均匀性差和晶粒尺寸过大(常超过10微米)导致其机械性能不令人满意。另外,在优选能够使用体着色的且不透明的高韧性陶瓷的某些情况中,它们的半透明外观是不希望的。
日本专利申请号JP56-140070涉及一种用于制造氧化铝基的红紫色陶瓷的方法。这些陶瓷是半透明的,根据该申请中仅有的一个个实施例,其包含氧化铬、氧化钇、氧化镧和0.7%的氧化镁,其制备方法包括在还原气氛中,特别是氢气气氛中烧结的步骤。
日本专利申请号JP56-140071还涉及一种用于制造氧化铝基的红紫色陶瓷的方法,这些陶瓷也是半透明的,它们含有氧化铬、氧化镁、氧化镧和氧化钇。其制备方法包括在氢气气氛下烧结。这个申请不包括任何示例性实施方式。
日本专利申请号JP04-193760涉及有色的氧化铝基材料。这些材料是半透明的。该专利申请的摘要中不正确地记载的内容相反,这些材料可以包含最高2%(而不是5%)的氧化铬、氧化钴、氧化镍、氧化钒、氧化锰、氧化铁或氧化钛,还含有至少一种选自镨、钕和铒氧化物的稀土金属氧化物。还可以添加氧化镁作为在烧结过程中抑制晶粒生长的添加剂。但是,该氧化物氧的添加量未被公开。这些材料的制备方法包括在空气中和在1300℃与1800℃之间的温度下进行烧结步骤。该高温烧结步骤必须跟随有热等静压工艺(HIP,也称作“热等静压”),其在500-2000个大气压和1400℃的温度下。该专利申请的实施例描述了制备浅绿色、浅粉色、浅蓝色、极浅绿色和极浅蓝色材料的方法。
因此,现有技术中没有涉及到不透明的且具有令人满意的机械性能的氧化铝基陶瓷的制造方法。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提供一种不透明的氧化铝基陶瓷,其与红宝石相似并且具有足够使其用于钟表制造的良好机械性能,特别是韧性。例如,用于制造暴露于自然环境且受到冲击的、构成手表的外部件的部件如表圈、表壳或手镯。
人们发现:为了得到令人满意的陶瓷,其晶粒尺寸必须小于5微米,优选在2.5-4.5微米之间,更优选在3-4微米之间,理想的在3.2-3.6微米之间。
通过使用具有下列重量百分比的组成的氧化铝基陶瓷,实现上述目的:
-0.4-5%的选自铬、钴、镍、锰、钒、钛和铁中的金属的至少一种氧化物;
-0.00080-0.5%的氧化镁;和
-0.05-6%的至少一种选自稀土元素的氧化物。
该陶瓷可以称为“不透明的多晶红宝石”,其同时具有良好的均匀性、高密度、可接受的孔隙率、高韧性、令人满意的不透明性和良好的抛光性。
此外,也容易烧结该陶瓷。
本发明的陶瓷可以用在许多领域中,其中包括珠宝制造和钟表制造。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种制造这样的陶瓷的简单方法。特别是,寻求避免繁琐的步骤,例如,热等静压和/或使用还原性气氛。
因此,本发明还涉及一种制造该陶瓷的方法,其特征在于:该方法包括将至少一种选自稀土元素的氧化物添加到氧化铝、氧化镁与选自铬、钴、镍、锰、钒、钛和铁中的金属的至少一种氧化物的混合物中的步骤。
此外,根据一个变化的实施方式,根据本发明的陶瓷可以由以下方法制备,其中:
a)制备一种混合物(或悬浮液、或浆料),其按重量百分比计包括:
-0.4-5%的选自铬、钴、镍、锰、钒、钛和铁中的金属的至少一种氧化物;
-0.00080-0.5%的氧化镁;
-0.05-6%的至少一种选自选自稀土元素的氧化物;和
-补足至100%的余量氧化铝,
向该混合物中添加能够使该混合物成型的有机添加剂和至少一种液体。
b)研磨在步骤a)中所获得的混合物,
c)喷雾干燥在步骤b)中所获得的混合物,
d)然后将在步骤c)中所获得的研磨后的混合物成型,
e)将在步骤d)中所获得的产品进行一次或多次热处理,
其中,热处理是在低于10巴的压力下,优选在含氧气体的气氛中和在大气压下进行;或者如果合适,最后的热处理是在低于10巴的压力下,优选在含氧气体的气氛中和在大气压下进行。
根据另一变化的实施方式,可以通过以下方法来制备根据本发明的陶瓷,其中:
a)制备一种混合物(或悬浮液、或浆料),其按重量百分比计包括:
-0.4-5%的选自铬、钴、镍、锰、钒、钛和铁中的金属的至少一种氧化物;
-0.00080-0.5%的氧化镁;
-0.05-6%的至少一种选自稀土元素的氧化物;和
-补足至100%的余量氧化铝,
向该混合物中添加能够使该混合物成型的有机添加剂和至少一种液体,
b)研磨在步骤a)中所获得的混合物,
c)喷雾干燥在步骤b)中所获得的混合物,
d)然后使在步骤c)中所获得的研磨后的混合物成型,以及
e)将步骤d)中所获得的产品在小于10巴的压力下,优选在大气压力下经受至少一次热处理,
以及其中使在步骤e)中所获得的产品冷却以获得不透明的氧化铝基陶瓷。
下面将详细描述本发明的其它特点和优点,所附的唯一附图表明了根据本发明的陶瓷材料、市售的多晶红宝石和其它陶瓷的反射率R[%]作为波长λ[nm]的函数的变化关系。
发明的详细描述
根据本发明,为了具有上述的特性,该不透明的陶瓷必须包括前述的以各自百分比含量范围的成分。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方式,氧化铝基陶瓷按重量百分比计包括:
-大于2%的选自铬、钴、镍、锰、钒、钛和铁中的金属的至少一种氧化物;
-0.00083-0.5%的氧化镁;和
-0.1-5%的至少一种选自稀土的元素的氧化物。
更优选地,根据本发明的陶瓷包括0.5-2.5wt%的至少一种选自稀土元素的氧化物。
作为稀土氧化物,可以使用任何的稀土氧化物。根据本发明的陶瓷也可以包括几种稀土氧化物。
优选地,使用氧化镧或氧化铒,尤其是后者。
当然,还可掺杂0.012-0.26wt%的其它元素,例如,氧化钇。
使用如铁、钛、钴、锰或钒的其它金属代替铬,或者除了铬以外使用这些金属,可以得到除红色以外的颜色。例如,使用钴或铁可以得到蓝色或绿色,这取决于氧化的程度。氧化程度是由热处理条件,特别是炉内存在的气氛决定的。
根据本发明的陶瓷优选是不含硅的,因为硅的存在会导致韧性损失。此外,在氧化铝的存在下,氧化硅和氧化镁形成不透明白色的镁铝硅酸盐,这会导致在陶瓷中存在斑点。
制备方法
根据本发明的陶瓷制备可以按已知的方法进行,但其中需要增加引入稀土氧化物或氧化物的步骤。
该步骤可以包括,例如,在浓硝酸的存在下加热稀土氧化物直至该氧化物完全溶解。在冷却后,将所获得的溶液添加至其它的成分。
因此,为了制备根据本发明的陶瓷,可以想象如下的步骤:
-用至少一种液体混合混合合适量的氧化铝、氧化镁与至少一种选自铬、钴、镍、锰、钒、钛和铁中的金属的至少一种氧化物混合,以形成浆料或悬浮液;
-研磨所获得的混合物;
-制备含有一种或多种稀土金属的离子的溶液;
-将所获得的含有一种或多种稀土金属的离子的溶液添加至研磨后的混合物中;
-磨细,然后搅拌混合物并且喷雾干燥;
-成型(例如,成型为小球);
-用于烧结的高温热处理。
通常通过溶解稀土氧化物来获得含有一种或多种稀土金属的离子的溶液,优选通过溶解在烧结时会形成稀土金属氧化物的稀土金属氧化物。
液体有助于研磨和/或喷雾干燥。通常不可可以使用,而且可以使用任何其它合适的液体。
取决于所选择的成型工艺,通常需要在混合物中加入用于使陶瓷成型的添加剂。基于本领域技术人员的教导,这些添加剂通常包括至少一种有机粘结剂和至少一种有机增塑剂。
例如,如果所选择的成型方法是压制,则为获得适于压制的喷雾颗粒所需要添加的有机添加剂的百分比通常为粉末重量的1.5-6wt%,粘结剂如聚乙烯醇(PVA)一般为1-3%,增塑剂如聚乙二醇(PEG)为0.5-1%,任选的用于稳定悬浮液的分散剂如聚丙烯酸为0.5-1%,以及任选的润滑剂如油酸为0.05%。该添加通常是在磨细之前发生。
为了制备含有一种或多种稀土金属的离子的溶液,可以使用硝酸。在将该溶液添加到浆料之后,悬浮液的胶体稳定性受pH值的影响,而不需要再加入分散剂或润滑剂。
热处理(烧结)的温度一般是在1640-1690℃之间,优选在1645-1680℃之间,更优选在1650-1675℃之间。
考虑到所得到的韧性,似乎与所获得的陶瓷晶粒的尺寸相关。
该方法的其它变化
在制备将要成型的混合物过程中,很明显可以改变该混合物的各成分的添加顺序。
也可以使用其它原料,只要它们在烧结过程中会形成氧化物。例如,可以使用盐,例如,硝酸盐、乙酸盐或草酸盐作为Cr、Co、Ni、Mn、V、Ti或Fe的来源。
同样,也可以使用镁盐,例如,氯化镁作为镁源。
作为稀土金属的金属来源,也可以使用盐的形式,例如,硝酸盐、草酸盐或乙酸盐。然而,优选以氧化物的形式引入稀土,因为与盐或其它化合物相比,其纯度最高。
因此,在如前所述的方法的步骤a)中,可以由如下制备所述混合物:
-至少一种化合物,在加热时能够转化为0.4-5%的选自铬、钴、镍、锰、钒、钛和铁中的金属的至少一种氧化物;
-至少一种化合物,在加热时能偶转化为0.00080-0.5%的氧化镁;
-至少一种化合物,在加热时能够转化为0.05-6%的至少一种选自稀土元素的氧化物;和
-补足至100%的余量氧化铝,
-以及使该混合物能够成型的有机添加剂和至少一种液体。
此外,可以设想实现干磨而不是如上所述进行液相磨细。但是,研磨后得到的颗粒尺寸大于在液相磨细后的颗粒尺寸。如果干磨后的混合物打算用于该方法后续的喷雾干燥步骤中,则在喷雾干燥之前应当加入至少一种液体以形成悬浮液。
也可使用喷雾干燥之外的方法,以由该混合物得到适合成型的粉末,喷雾干燥特别适合于得到可压制成型的粉末。
如果选择压制成型之外的成型工艺如高压注射,需要向该混合物中加入其它添加剂,这是因为每种成型工艺都要求使用不同组成和配方的有机添加剂。本领域技术人员了解如何根据所选择的成型工艺,按照来自文献和经验的知识调整混合物。例如,在注射成型的情况中,通过在数百度下的热处理使喷雾干燥粉末脱胶,以除去粘结剂和增塑剂,然后通过混合加入有机添加剂,以得到适合注射的混合物,这也被称为注射给料。在喷雾干燥粉末中所加入的有机添加剂的百分含量最高为:粘结剂16%;增塑剂3%;以及分散剂1%,这些百分比都是基于喷雾干燥粉末的质量计。
实施例
实施例1:制备本发明的陶瓷
在研磨碗中混合如下原料以制备浆料:
98.0g的来自Baikowski的BMA15氧化铝;
2.9248克来自Sigma-Aldrich的氧化铬;
0.1009克来自Fluka的氧化镁,
3.0277克的混合物包括如下组分:1.2111克(40%)来自Fluka的PVA和1.8166克(60%)来自Fluka的PEG20000,其是在水中50%的溶液,d=1.09g/cm3。
1kg的氧化锆球混合物,其中含5mm直径的球20%,直径3mm的球40%,直径2mm的球40%,这些球仅用于球磨。
同时,将Aldrich的0.5609g氧化铒倒入含250mlTeflon(聚四氟乙烯)的烧杯中,再加入1.5ml65%的来自Merck的浓硝酸。然后将烧杯放置在热板上砂浴,将热板温度设定为150℃,直至氧化物完全溶解。然后将该溶液倒入含有上述混合物的研磨碗中。冲洗烧杯的蒸馏水中也被加入研磨碗中。随后以400rpm研磨碗内物质30分钟。
在第二容器中回收所得的浆料,向其中加入450ml的异丙醇以清洗由氧化锆制成的容器和球。
喷雾干燥第二容器中的物质,同时辅以500rpm的磁力搅拌,以避免絮凝。
使用具有压力计的人工压机将造粒的颗粒压制。
在直径40mm的模具中制成压片。热去除压片中所含的粘合剂和增塑剂,然后在NaberthermHT4炉中于空气气氛中和在1650℃下烧结压片。
然后,在采用具有D91金刚石砂轮的车床Schaublin102N上修整之后,在实验室中抛光压片。
由采用放大4000倍或8000倍的扫描电子显微镜拍摄的显微照片,根据标准ISO643的方法测定平均晶粒尺寸。为了揭示微观结构,进行额外的热处理,在低于烧结温度的温度100℃下进行额外的热处理1小时。然后将该样品用酒精清洁,任选地覆盖金导电薄层以有利于观察。
由此获得的每个压片以相对于压片的总重量的百分比计其构成成分为:
-96.5%的氧化铝Al2O3;
-2.9%的氧化铬Cr2O3;
-0.1%的氧化镁MgO;和
-0.5%的氧化铒Er2O3。
实施例2:制备本发明的另一种陶瓷
除了使用0.561克的氧化镧代替氧化铒之外,其它同实施例1。
由此得到的压片以相对于压片的总重量的百分比计其构成成分为:
-96.5%的氧化铝Al2O3;
-2.9%的氧化铬Cr2O3;
-0.1%的氧化镁MgO;和
-0.5%的氧化镧La2O3。
实施例3:制备本发明范围之外的陶瓷(根据现有技术的JP09208295)
除了不添加稀土外,其它同实施例1。Cr的含量大于文献JP09208295所推荐的含量(0.005-0.1%)以得到具有令人满意的颜色的不透明陶瓷,而不是半透明的陶瓷。
实施例4:制备本发明范围之外的陶瓷(根据现有技术JP09208295)
除了不加稀土和加入0.1克的氧化硅(0.1%)以外,其它同实施例1。
实施例5
测定如实施例1-4所制备的陶瓷的颜色和韧性。
根据国际照明委员会制订的照明标准ISO7724,按照CIELab系统测定颜色,CIE是国际照明委员会的缩写(法语为CommissionInternationaledel′Eclairage),Lab是3坐标轴的,L轴测量黑白成分(黑=0,白色=100),a轴测量红绿成分(红色=正值,绿色=负值)以及b轴测量黄蓝色成分(黄色=正值,蓝色=负值)。
使用LeciaVMHTMOT显微硬度测试仪,在1000gf(9.80665N)的载荷下测量维氏硬度,根据维氏硬度测量结果,使用Anstis-Chantikul公式计算韧性。
结果如下表所示,其中C*代表饱和度,h代表色调。
陶瓷 | L* | a* | B* | C* | h | 韧性 | 密度 |
1(实施例1) | 41.0 | 17.7 | 6.3 | 18.8 | 19.5 | 4.8MPa·m1/2 | 3.98g/cm3 |
2(实施例2) | 46.4 | 18.9 | 3.9 | 19.3 | 11.8 | 3.7MPa·m1/2 | 3.94g/cm3 |
3(实施例3,比较) | 40.7 | 17.5 | 6.0 | 18.5 | 18.8 | 2.7MPa·m1/2 | 3.96g/cm3 |
4(实施例4,比较) | 41.0 | 17.7 | 6.1 | 18.8 | 19.0 | 2.3MPa·m1/2 | 3.96g/cm3 |
可以看出,根据本发明(实施例1和2)的陶瓷1和2,具有最好的韧性,同时参数L*,a*,b*,C*和h的值非常接近在本发明范围之外的陶瓷3和4(实施例3和4)。此外,实施例1和2的陶瓷是不透明,而不是像JP09208295的多晶红宝石或市售的单晶合成红宝石是透明的。
陶瓷1的平均晶粒尺寸是3.2微米。
实施例6
在该实施例中,将陶瓷1、3和4的反射曲线与那些透明的单晶合成红宝石(在附图中标记为“单晶(mono)”,由StettlerSapphireAG提供,对比红宝石8号)的反射曲线进行比较。
由该附图可以看到结果。观测到实施例1、3和4的陶瓷的曲线几乎重叠。因此,尽管加入了稀土(此处是铒)对韧性有显著的积极影响,但是它不影响陶瓷的颜色。
实施例7:烧结气氛对部件的颜色的影响
按照实施例1的步骤(相同的组成和工艺),除了压片6首先在1550℃下在空气气氛中烧结,随后在Formier气氛(N2+5%H2)中在1000巴的压力下在1400℃下进行热等静压处理2小时。
陶瓷(比较例) | L* | a* | B* | C* | h | 韧性 | 密度 |
6 | 32.9 | 5.6 | -0.3 | 5.6 | 357.3 | 4.4MPa·m1/2 | 4.02g/cm3 |
观测到该陶瓷6具有很深的颜色(紫罗兰色/紫色)。该实施例由此展示出在还原气氛中的处理可以导致颜色变化(在陶瓷1和6之间比较):在还原气氛中的环境压力下,或者在还原气体或中性气体中的HIP处理(其在用于热处理的温度下具有还原效果),对颜色具有相同的负面影响。
实施例8:初始浆料中Er
2
O
3
的重量百分含量对颜色和韧性的影响
在下面的实施例中,除了溶解在硝酸中的Er2O3的量发生了变化(在实施例7中为1.12克;在实施例8中为2.24克;在实施例9中为5.61克;在实施例10中为11.22克),其它同实施例1。
在所获得的压片中氧化铒的含量如下:
-压片7:1.1%;
-压片8:2.17%;
-压片9:5.26%;和
-压片10:10.0%。
陶瓷 | L* | a* | B* | C* | h | 韧性 | 密度 |
7 | 39.3 | 15.8 | 5.2 | 16.7 | 18.3 | 4.6MPa·m1/2 | 4.00g/cm3 |
8 | 41.2 | 17.2 | 6.0 | 18.2 | 19.2 | 4.2MPa·m1/2 | 4.00g/cm3 |
9 | 41.8 | 17.2 | 6.3 | 18.3 | 20.1 | 2.8MPa·m1/2 | 4.07g/cm3 |
10 | 46.5 | 18.2 | 7.1 | 19.5 | 21.5 | 3.0MPa·m1/2 | 4.13g/cm3 |
氧化铒的重量百分含量对韧性有影响:当浓度大于5%时,韧性降低。因此,优选氧化铒浓度在0.1-5%之间,优选在0.5-2.5%之间。
实施例9:最高焙烧温度(晶粒尺寸)对韧性的影响
除了在空气气氛中的烧结条件导致晶粒尺寸变化外,其余同本专利申请的实施例1中的步骤。
在该实施例中,测量的烧结温度分别是1645℃(陶瓷11)与1660℃(陶瓷12)、1675℃(陶瓷13),最后是1690℃(陶瓷14)。
陶瓷 | L* | a* | B* | C* | h | 韧性 | 密度 |
11 | 41.2 | 18.0 | 6.3 | 19.1 | 19.4 | 3.7MPa·m1/2 | 3.97g/cm3 |
12 | 40.5 | 17.6 | 6.2 | 18.6 | 19.6 | 4.8MPa·m1/2 | 3.98g/cm3 |
13 | 40.1 | 16.8 | 5.7 | 17.7 | 18.8 | 4.4MPa·m1/2 | 3.99g/cm3 |
14 | 39.0 | 15.8 | 5.2 | 16.6 | 18.2 | 3.5MPa·m1/2 | 3.99g/cm3 |
平均晶粒尺寸随着所应用的热处理而显著不同:3微米(陶瓷11),3.2微米(陶瓷12),3.6微米(陶瓷13)和4.5微米(陶瓷14),随着烧结温度的升高而增加。
晶粒尺寸对韧性有重大的影响:晶粒尺寸>5μm的韧性过低(即烧结温度实质上大于1700℃),最佳晶粒尺寸在2.5-4.5μm之间,即处理温度在1640-1690℃之间。
Claims (23)
1.一种不透明的氧化铝基陶瓷,按重量计包括:
-0.4-5%的选自铬、钴、镍、锰、钒、钛和铁中的金属的至少一种氧化物;
-0.00080-0.5%的氧化镁;和
-0.05-5%的氧化铒。
2.如权利要求1所述的不透明的氧化铝基陶瓷,按重量计包括:
-大于2%的选自铬、钴、镍、锰、钒、钛和铁的金属的至少一种氧化物;
-0.00083-0.5%的氧化镁;和
-0.1-5%的氧化铒。
3.如权利要求1所述的不透明的氧化铝基陶瓷,包括以0.012-0.26wt%的量存在的氧化钇。
4.一种不透明的氧化铝基陶瓷,由以下方法获得,其中:
a)制备一种混合物,其按重量百分比计包括:
-0.4-5%的选自铬、钴、镍、锰、钒、钛和铁中的金属的至少一种氧化物;
-0.00080-0.5%的氧化镁;
-0.05-5%的氧化铒;和
-补足至100%的余量氧化铝,
向该混合物中添加能够使该混合物成型的有机添加剂和至少一种液体,
b)研磨在步骤a)中所获得的混合物,
c)喷雾干燥在步骤b)中所获得的混合物,
d)然后将在步骤c)中所获得的喷雾干燥的混合物成型,
e)将在步骤d)中所获得的产品经受一次或多次热处理,
其中,最后的热处理在低于10巴的压力下进行。
5.如权利要求4所述的不透明的氧化铝基陶瓷,其中,所述热处理在含氧气体的气氛中进行,并且,最后的热处理在含氧气体的气氛中进行。
6.一种不透明的氧化铝基陶瓷,由以下方法获得,其中:
a)制备一种混合物,其按重量百分比计包括:
-0.4-5%的选自铬、钴、镍、锰、钒、钛和铁中的金属的至少一种氧化物;
-0.00080-0.5%的氧化镁;和
-0.05-5%的氧化铒;和
-补足至100%的余量氧化铝,
向该混合物中添加能够使该混合物成型的有机添加剂和至少一种液体,
b)研磨在步骤a)中所获得的混合物,
c)喷雾干燥在步骤b)中所获得的混合物,
d)将在步骤c)中所获得的喷雾干燥后的混合物成型,以及
e)将在步骤d)中所获得的产品在低于10巴的压力下经受至少一次热处理,
以及其中将在步骤e)中所获得的产品冷却以获得不透明的氧化铝基陶瓷。
7.如权利要求4-6中任一项所述的不透明的氧化铝基陶瓷,其中,在所述方法的步骤a)中,所述混合物按重量百分比计包括:
-超过2%的选自铬、钴、镍、锰、钒、钛和铁中的金属的至少一种氧化物;
-0.00083-0.5%的氧化镁;
-0.1-5%的氧化铒;和
-补足至100%的余量氧化铝。
8.如权利要求4或6所述的不透明的氧化铝基陶瓷,其中,在该方法的步骤a)中,在浓硝酸的存在下加热氧化铒直至该氧化物完全溶解,以及在将溶液添加至所述混合物之前使其冷却。
9.如权利要求4或6所述的不透明的氧化铝基陶瓷,其中,在该方法的步骤e)中,所述热处理在1640-1690℃的温度下进行。
10.如权利要求9所述的不透明的氧化铝基陶瓷,其中,所述热处理的温度是在1645℃与1680℃之间。
11.如权利要求10所述的不透明的氧化铝基陶瓷,其中,所述热处理的温度是在1650℃与1675℃之间。
12.如权利要求1、4、6中任一项所述的不透明的氧化铝基陶瓷,包括0.5-2.5wt%的氧化铒。
13.如权利要求1、4、6中任一项所述的不透明的氧化铝基陶瓷,其中,氧化物是氧化铬。
14.如权利要求1、4、6中任一项所述的不透明的氧化铝基陶瓷,其特征在于,该陶瓷不含硅。
15.如权利要求4-6中任一项所述的不透明的氧化铝基陶瓷,其中,在该方法的步骤a)中,混合物由如下来制备:
-至少一种化合物,通过加热能够将该化合物转化为0.4-5%的选自铬、钴、镍、锰、钒、钛和铁中的金属的至少一种氧化物;
-至少一种化合物,通过加热能够将该化合物转化为0.00080-0.5%的氧化镁;
-至少一种化合物,通过加热能够将该化合物转化为0.05-5%的氧化铒;和
-补足至100%的余量氧化铝,
-以及能够使该混合物成型的有机添加剂和至少一种液体。
16.一种不透明的氧化铝基陶瓷,由以下方法获得,其中:
a)制备一种混合物,其按重量百分比计包括:
-0.4-5%的选自铬、钴、镍、锰、钒、钛和铁中的金属的至少一种氧化物;
-0.00080-0.5%的氧化镁;
-0.05-5%的氧化铒和0.012-0.26wt%的氧化钇;和
-补足至100%的余量氧化铝,
向该混合物中添加能够使该混合物成型的有机添加剂和至少一种液体,
b)研磨在步骤a)中所获得的混合物,
c)喷雾干燥在步骤b)中所获得的混合物,
d)然后将在步骤c)中所获得的喷雾干燥的混合物成型,
e)将在步骤d)中所获得的产品经受一次或多次热处理,
其中,最后的热处理在低于10巴的压力下进行。
17.一种不透明的氧化铝基陶瓷,由以下方法获得,其中:
a)制备一种混合物,其按重量百分比计包括:
-0.4-5%的选自铬、钴、镍、锰、钒、钛和铁中的金属的至少一种氧化物;
-0.00080-0.5%的氧化镁;和
-0.05-5%的氧化铒和0.012-0.26wt%的氧化钇;和
-补足至100%的余量氧化铝,
向该混合物中添加能够使该混合物成型的有机添加剂和至少一种液体,
b)研磨在步骤a)中所获得的混合物,
c)喷雾干燥在步骤b)中所获得的混合物,
d)将在步骤c)中所获得的喷雾干燥后的混合物成型,以及
e)将在步骤d)中所获得的产品在低于10巴的压力下经受至少一次热处理,
以及其中将在步骤e)中所获得的产品冷却以获得不透明的氧化铝基陶瓷。
18.一种制备如权利要求1或2所述的不透明的氧化铝基陶瓷的方法,包括如下步骤,在该步骤中,将氧化铒添加到氧化铝、氧化镁与选自铬、钴、镍、锰、钒、钛和铁中的金属的至少一种氧化物的混合物中。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法,其中,在浓硝酸的存在下加热氧化铒直至该氧化物完全溶解,以及在将溶液添加至所述混合物之前使该溶液冷却。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法,还包括在1640与1690℃之间烧结的步骤。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法,其中,烧结温度是在1645与1680℃之间。
22.如权利要求21所述的方法,其中,烧结温度是在1650与1675℃之间。
23.如权利要求20-22中任一项所述的方法,其中,在含氧气体的小于10巴的压力下进行烧结。
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PCT/CH2011/000068 WO2011120181A1 (fr) | 2010-04-01 | 2011-04-01 | Céramique opaque à base d'alumine |
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CN103811425A (zh) * | 2012-11-05 | 2014-05-21 | 康文生 | 一种可以防止光透射的晶闸管封装壳及晶闸管 |
US9284485B2 (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2016-03-15 | Rolex Sa | Persistent phosphorescent composite material |
US9434654B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2016-09-06 | Rolex S.A. | Coloured technical ceramic bodies and method for preparing the same |
CH707424B1 (fr) * | 2012-12-21 | 2019-08-30 | Rolex Sa | Céramiques techniques colorées et procédé pour leur obtention. |
CN103113026B (zh) * | 2013-03-06 | 2015-01-07 | 广州市力银电子科技有限公司 | 一种电子浆料用玻璃粉及其制备方法 |
US10421228B2 (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2019-09-24 | Basf Se | Beta-aluminum oxide ceramics obtainable by extrusion of a mixture that contains a sodium compound |
CN104109793B (zh) * | 2014-07-22 | 2016-06-01 | 厦门钨业股份有限公司 | 一种氧化铝基金属陶瓷及其应用 |
CN105601258A (zh) * | 2015-05-20 | 2016-05-25 | 章韵瑾 | 人造宝石及其制备方法 |
EP3219691B1 (fr) * | 2016-03-15 | 2019-02-27 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. | Céramique polycristalline rouge opaque |
FR3060556B1 (fr) * | 2016-12-20 | 2022-03-04 | Norimat | Procede de fabrication d’un materiau ceramique de couleur rouge |
CN110582474A (zh) * | 2017-04-20 | 2019-12-17 | 劳力士有限公司 | 陶瓷组件的制造 |
JP7215028B2 (ja) * | 2018-06-28 | 2023-01-31 | 東ソー株式会社 | 着色アルミナ焼結体 |
EP3992169A1 (de) | 2020-11-03 | 2022-05-04 | Polycrystal design GmbH | Gefärbte technische korund-keramik und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
CN114394825B (zh) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-10-31 | 西北工业大学宁波研究院 | 一种陶瓷材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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WO2011120181A1 (fr) | 2011-10-06 |
CH702968B1 (fr) | 2014-03-31 |
JP5856141B2 (ja) | 2016-02-09 |
US20130072373A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
EP2552855A1 (fr) | 2013-02-06 |
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