CN102884966B - Viticulture method for promoting balanced growth - Google Patents
Viticulture method for promoting balanced growth Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
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- 241000233679 Peronosporaceae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- UWVQIROCRJWDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadixyl Chemical compound CC=1C=CC=C(C)C=1N(C(=O)COC)N1CCOC1=O UWVQIROCRJWDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ILRLTAZWFOQHRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;sulfuric acid Chemical compound [K].OS(O)(=O)=O ILRLTAZWFOQHRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 abstract 2
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- 241000345998 Calamus manan Species 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
The invention discloses a viticulture method for promoting balanced growth. The principle of twinned trunks is applied to the viticulture, and the viticulture method comprises the steps of selecting a nursery land, transplantation, specific grafting method and grafting management. According to the viticulture method for promoting balanced growth, the orchard forming time is short, the effect is stable, the cost is low, the nursery stock quality is good, the viticulture method is easy to be popularized in production, the grafting survival rate is high (higher than 90%), the method is feasible, the grafting management is simple, the grapevine grows robustly, the balanced growth of the grapevine body is realized, the grape quality is stable, and the yield is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of grape cultivation method, be specifically related to promote the grape cultivation method of balanced growth.
Background technology
Grape output and area in global fruit production occupy prostatitis always, its strong adaptability, and early, output is high for result, nutritious, of many uses, economic worth high (Agricultural University Of Hebei, chief editor, " each opinion of pomology ", agriculture publishing house, 1984:101-152).Grape is carried out grafting cultivation, to improve the grape disease and insect resistance and resist effective measures arid, cold, saline and alkaline, the waterlogging disaster, adopt simultaneously good stock can also improve the quality of fruit, stablize vintage, increase economic efficiency (1, Yang Zhiyuan, " rattan harvest grape applicable stock First Report of Studies ", China and foreign countries' grape and wine, 2002, (6): 28～30; 2, Xu Hong etc., " preliminary study is identified in grape rootstock and kind drought resisting ", fruit tree, 2004 (2): 30; 3, Jiang Aili etc., " different stocks are harvested the impact of grape growth and fruit quality on rattan ", Shanghai Agricultural journal 2005,21 (3): 73～75; 4, Kubo Tian Shanghao, Li Xianggen, peace well public affairs one. " stock is harvested the impact of sugar, organic acid, amino acid, Anthocyanin Content in grape fruit on rattan ". hubei agricultural science, 1995 (4): 50～52.).Therefore, the grape grafting cultivation be China's grape industry novel culture technique of wideling popularize promotion (1, Li Wei, Zhang Fuqing etc. " grafting cultivation--realize China's wine-growing modernization important channel ", China and foreign countries' grape and wine, 2001, (2): 13～14; 2, Yang Zhiyuan " the practical culture technique of Zhejiang grape " Chinese agriculture publishing house, 2002.7).
Two trees with branches interlocked is exactly the limb symphysis branch together of two trees, and occurring in nature is a kind of phenomenon of being abutted against in fact.And in cultivation field, gardener have utilized graft technology that this phenomenon has been applied in the middle of actual cultivation, common is exactly synthetic large tree, being about to seeds that multiple affiliation the has a contest mode by grafting combines, form synthetic large tree, such as (CN101491185, CN101554120).Because stock and scion are all graftings under the condition that does not exsomatize, both sides have the root system of oneself separately, so graft survival rate is high.Simultaneously, the full line grape is owing to joining together, and nutrient can be carried mutually, has promoted the balanced growth of full line grape, but this does not have the report of this respect in viticulture.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide a kind of grape cultivation method, can promote the balanced growth of grape.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: a kind of grape cultivation method that promotes balanced growth is provided, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of nursery lot: select that physical features is smooth, not ponding, the deep sandy loam plot of soil layer, after early spring, nursery lot soil thawed, execute Chicken dung 3～4m
3/ 667m
2, that rake is carefully hugged is flat, plough into the wide large ridge of 0.9m, after rolling the suppression soil moisture conservation with wood, covers black mulch film on ridge;
(2) transplant: grape seedling or cutting survival seedling are transplanted to the described nursery lot of step (1), by the North and South direction plantation, spacing in the rows 1-1.2m, line-spacing 2-2.3m, the grape major branch is unified south to growth;
(3) grafting method: grafting time is in late June-mid-July, when north grape major branch young sprout grows to adjacent plant flex point place southwards, simultaneously grape major branch young sprout footpath, the north, flex point place rugosity reaches 5mm when above, get final product grafting, during grafting, from northernmost, use first, the north young sprout of the major branch towards south as stock, use second major branch towards south as scion, the stock young sprout is whittled into the diclinic bevel that is about 2cm, cut one on second flex point of the major branch towards south top and be about 1.5-1.8cm angular cut parallel to the ground, the degree of depth reaches xylem, the diclinic bevel of first young sprout is inserted the angular cut of second major branch, forming layer aims at, with thick 0.008 centimetre, wide 1.0～1.2 centimetres, the Plastic Bandage binding grafting mouth of long 20～25 centimetres, the bottom-up bundle that tightly wraps is attacked severely knot, moisturizing is sun-proof, use afterwards second plant towards the major branch young sprout in south as stock, use again the 3rd plant towards the major branch in south as scion, adopt identical method grafting, grafting successively afterwards, until last,
(4) managing after grafting: pour water immediately after grafting, one all planted agents keep garden soil moisture sufficient, Surface Humid, nutrition can be flowed between the disjunctor plant, checking about 10 days after grafting, callus forms, branch is not withered, illustrate and survive, then, through about 20 days, can remove binding strip.
Described managing after grafting also comprises the step of topdressing, be specially: late July, impose urea and promote the grafting growth of seedling, fertilizing amount is along ridge 40～50g/m, it is ripe that late August imposes potassium sulfuric acid young sprout, execute 65～70g/m along ridge,, if the fertilizer deficiency symptom appears in the season of growth, can spray 0.3% urea or 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution.
Described managing after grafting also comprises the step of disease and pest control, be specially: at the beginning of 7 months, spray 180～200 times of equivalent formula bordeaux mixture, every 10d spray 1 time, when the downy mildew scab appears in vacuum side of blade, alternately spray 500 times of liquid of tpn, 500～600 times of liquid of Sandofan, every 8d spray 1 time, until 8 the end of month.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: with existing viticulture technology ratio, the present invention creatively with the application of principle of two trees with branches interlocked in the grape grafting, can realize the interchange between different plants of moisture and photosynthetic product, such as, the plant of the plant on the north from passing to south by connecting branch after root absorption moisture, the photosynthetic product that leaf photosynthesis forms can flow by connecting branch between plant, reaching moisture and the nutriment balance between plant distributes, in addition, also have the following advantages:
(1) have a nursery stage short, effect stability, cost is low, seedling quality is good, promote the use of in being convenient to produce, because stock and scion are all graftings under the condition that does not exsomatize, both sides have the root system of oneself separately, so graft survival rate is high, grafting bud survival rate of the present invention high (more than 90%), easy to implement the method, connect rear management simple, and the sprouting of buddering is taken out then the tip and become the flower rate can reach 50%, robust growth, and do not affect and work as annual production;
(2) dendritic growth is healthy and strong, but rapid shaping, saving product make this into, can bloom and bear fruit then, form output, technology is easily grasped, through simple training or just instruct can, a technical staff demonstrates and just can learn in 5 minutes, control measures are few, save time, laborsaving, economic benefit is high, drops into income for many years in 1 year.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is two trees with branches interlocked grafting schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is scion figure of the present invention
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, thereby so that advantages and features of the invention can be easier to be it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, protection scope of the present invention is made more explicit defining.
The embodiment of the present invention comprises:
Test site: experimental field, Jiangsu Hilly Ground Zhenjiang Agriculture Science Research Institute.
Test period: year September in May, 2012 to 2012.
For trying grape variety: Wei can.
Embodiment one
A kind of grape cultivation method that promotes balanced growth comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of nursery lot: select that physical features is smooth, not ponding, the deep sandy loam plot of soil layer, after early spring, nursery lot soil thawed, execute Chicken dung 3m
3/ 667m
2, that rake is carefully hugged is flat, plough into the wide large ridge of 0.9m, after rolling the suppression soil moisture conservation with wood, covers black mulch film on ridge;
(2) transplant: but with Wei the cutting survival seedling be transplanted to the described nursery lot of step (1), by the North and South direction plantation, spacing in the rows 1m, line-spacing 2m, the grape major branch is unified south to growth;
(3) grafting method: grafting time is in late June, as shown in Figure 1, when the grape major branch grows to adjacent plant flex point place, grape footpath, flex point place rugosity reaches 5mm when above, get final product grafting, during grafting, from northernmost, use first, the north young sprout of the major branch towards south as stock, use second major branch towards south as scion, the stock young sprout is whittled into the diclinic bevel that is about 2cm, cut one on second flex point of the major branch towards south top and be about 1.5-1.9cm angular cut parallel to the ground, the degree of depth reaches xylem, the diclinic bevel of first young sprout is inserted the angular cut of second major branch, it is the A place, with thick 0.008 centimetre, wide 1.0 centimetres, the Plastic Bandage binding grafting mouth of long 20 centimetres, the bottom-up bundle that tightly wraps is attacked severely knot, moisturizing is sun-proof, use afterwards second plant towards the major branch in south as scion, use again the 3rd plant towards the major branch in south as stock, adopt identical method grafting, it is the B place, grafting successively afterwards, until last,
(4) managing after grafting: pour water immediately after grafting, one all planted agents keep garden soil moisture sufficient, Surface Humid, and want the timely sprout tillers of repeatedly removing on stock, and nutrition can be flowed between plant, checking about 10 days after grafting, touch the petiole person that easily do not come off with finger, illustrate and survive, then, through about 20 days, can remove binding strip.
Described managing after grafting also comprises the step of topdressing, be specially: late July, impose urea and promote the grafting growth of seedling, fertilizing amount is along ridge 40g/m, it is ripe that late August imposes potassium sulfuric acid young sprout, execute 65g/m along ridge length, if the season of growth fertilizer deficiency symptom appears, but spraying 0.3% urea or 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution.
Described managing after grafting also comprises the step of disease and pest control, is specially: at the beginning of 7 months, spray 180 times of equivalent formula bordeaux mixture,, every 10d spray 1 time, when the downy mildew scab appears in vacuum side of blade, alternately spray 500 times of liquid of tpn, 500 times of liquid of Sandofan, every 8d spray 1 time, until 8 the end of month.
Embodiment two
A kind of grape cultivation method that promotes balanced growth comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of nursery lot: select that physical features is smooth, not ponding, the deep sandy loam plot of soil layer, after early spring, nursery lot soil thawed, execute Chicken dung 4m
3/ 667m
2, that rake is carefully hugged is flat, plough into the wide large ridge of 0.9m, after rolling the suppression soil moisture conservation with wood, covers black mulch film on ridge;
(2) transplant: but with Wei seedling be transplanted to the described nursery lot of step (1), by the North and South direction plantation, spacing in the rows 1.2m, line-spacing 2.3m, the grape major branch is unified south to growth;
(3) grafting method: grafting time is in early July, as shown in Figure 1, when the grape major branch grows to adjacent plant flex point place, grape footpath, flex point place rugosity reaches 5mm when above, get final product grafting, during grafting, from northernmost, use first, the north young sprout of the major branch towards south as stock, use second major branch towards south as scion, the stock young sprout is whittled into the diclinic bevel that is about 2cm, cut one on second flex point of the major branch towards south top and be about 1.5-1.8cm angular cut parallel to the ground, the degree of depth reaches xylem, the diclinic bevel of first young sprout is inserted the angular cut of second major branch, it is the A place, with thick 0.008 centimetre, wide 1.2 centimetres, the Plastic Bandage binding grafting mouth of long 25 centimetres, the bottom-up bundle that tightly wraps is attacked severely knot, moisturizing is sun-proof, use afterwards second plant towards the major branch in south as scion, use again the 3rd plant towards the major branch in south as stock, adopt identical method grafting, it is the B place, grafting successively afterwards, until last,
(4) managing after grafting: pour water immediately after grafting, one all planted agents keep garden soil moisture sufficient, Surface Humid, and want the timely sprout tillers of repeatedly removing on stock, and nutrition can be flowed between plant, checking about 10 days after grafting, touch the petiole person that easily do not come off with finger, illustrate and survive, then, through about 20 days, can remove binding strip;
Described managing after grafting also comprises the step of topdressing, be specially: late July, impose urea and promote the grafting growth of seedling, fertilizing amount is along ridge 50g/m, it is ripe that late August imposes potassium sulfuric acid young sprout, execute 70g/m along ridge length, if the season of growth fertilizer deficiency symptom appears, but spraying 0.3% urea or 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution.
Described managing after grafting also comprises the step of disease and pest control, is specially: at the beginning of 7 months, spray 200 times of equivalent formula bordeaux mixture,, every 10d spray 1 time, when the downy mildew scab appears in vacuum side of blade, alternately spray 500 times of liquid of tpn, 600 times of liquid of Sandofan, every 8d spray 1 time, until 8 the end of month.
Comparative Examples:
But with adopt conventional grafting method whip graft Wei kind in contrast, except grafting method, other cultivation methods are identical with embodiment one, effect is in Table 1:
Table 1 for compare with Comparative Examples embodiment 1-2 Wei can Relationship between Graft Effect
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention; every equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion that utilizes description of the present invention to do; or directly or indirectly be used in other relevant technical fields, all in like manner be included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a cultivation method that promotes the grape balanced growth, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of nursery lot: select that physical features is smooth, not ponding, the deep sandy loam plot of soil layer, after early spring, nursery lot soil thawed, execute Chicken dung 3～4m
3/ 667m
2, that rake is carefully hugged is flat, plough into the wide large ridge of 0.9m, after rolling the suppression soil moisture conservation with wood, covers black mulch film on ridge;
(2) transplant: grape seedling or cutting survival seedling are transplanted to the described nursery lot of step (1), by the North and South direction plantation, spacing in the rows 1-1.2m, line-spacing 2-2.3m, the grape major branch is unified south to growth;
(3) grafting method: grafting time is in late June-mid-July, when north grape major branch young sprout grows to adjacent plant flex point place southwards, simultaneously grape major branch young sprout footpath, the north, flex point place rugosity reaches 5mm when above, get final product grafting, during grafting, from northernmost, use first, the north young sprout of the major branch towards south as stock, use second major branch towards south as scion, the stock young sprout is whittled into the diclinic bevel that is about 2cm, cut an angular cut that long 1.5-1.8cm is parallel to the ground on second flex point of the major branch towards south top, the degree of depth reaches xylem, the diclinic bevel of first young sprout is inserted the angular cut of second major branch, forming layer aims at, with thick 0.008 centimetre, wide 1.0～1.2 centimetres, the Plastic Bandage binding grafting mouth of long 20～25 centimetres, the bottom-up bundle that tightly wraps is attacked severely knot, moisturizing is sun-proof, use afterwards second plant towards the major branch young sprout in south as stock, use again the 3rd plant towards the major branch in south as scion, adopt identical method grafting, grafting successively afterwards, until last,
(4) managing after grafting: pour water immediately after grafting, one all planted agents keep garden soil moisture sufficient, Surface Humid, nutrition can be flowed between the disjunctor plant, checking about 10 days after grafting, callus forms, branch is not withered, illustrate and survive, then, through about 20 days, can remove binding strip.
2. the cultivation method of promotion grape balanced growth according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described managing after grafting also comprises the step of topdressing, be specially: late July, impose urea and promote the grafting growth of seedling, fertilizing amount is along ridge 40～50g/m, it is ripe that late August imposes potassium sulfuric acid young sprout, execute 65～70g/m along ridge, if spray 0.3% urea or 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution the fertilizer deficiency symptom appears, in the season of growth.
3. the cultivation method of promotion grape balanced growth according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described managing after grafting also comprises the step of disease and pest control, be specially: at the beginning of 7 months, spray 180～200 times of equivalent formula bordeaux mixture, every 10d spray 1 time, when the downy mildew scab appears in vacuum side of blade, alternately spray 500 times of liquid of tpn, 500～600 times of liquid of Sandofan, every 8d spray 1 time, until 8 the end of month.
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| CN103636453B (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2015-07-15 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院葡萄与葡萄酒研究所 | Method for grape disaster avoiding in southern coastal areas |
| CN104145776A (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2014-11-19 | 李狗胜 | Grape planting method |
| CN109328696B (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2021-04-13 | 宾川县华侨庄园农业科技开发有限公司 | Grape planting method capable of balancing nutrition |
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| RU2200383C2 (en) * | 2000-11-03 | 2003-03-20 | Государственное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт виноградарства и виноделия им. Я.И. Потапенко | Grape bush training method |
| RU2265992C2 (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-12-20 | ГНУ Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт виноградарства и виноделия им. Я.И. Потапенко | Method for training of grape bushes |
| RU2290781C2 (en) * | 2004-03-29 | 2007-01-10 | Государственное научное учреждение Всероссийский НИИ виноградарства и виноделия им. Я.И. Потапенко | Method for growing of rootstock grape vine |
| CA2509278A1 (en) * | 2005-06-07 | 2006-12-07 | Helene Rhind | System for frost damage and winter-kill reduction in crops |
| CN102138488B (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2013-05-29 | 罗全勋 | Facility grape flowering branch grafting method |
| CN102265751A (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2011-12-07 | 尚成金 | Quick three-step culturing method for grape seedlings in north area |
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