RU2265992C2 - Method for training of grape bushes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, grape bush training method.

SUBSTANCE: method involves planting grape bushes; setting support; grafting, cutting and forming bushes. Bushes are formed with two parts, each of said parts presenting individual sort contrasting as to ripening time. Said parts are positioned at different planes of trellis.

EFFECT: increased yield, improved quality of berries, prolonged life of grape bushes, and increased resistance of plants to stress factors of habitat.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to viticulture, and can be used in the cultivation of grapes in all areas of viticulture.

A known method of maintaining grape bushes (A. S. Merzhanian. Viticulture. M., "Spike", - 1967. - S. 316. - Fig. 140). The method includes planting plants, forming a double-stem fan formation with substitution knots and fruiting arrows placed along the axis of the row in the form of a fan.

The disadvantage of this method is that it does not imply the universalization of the method of conduct, i.e. it is applicable only in conditions of uncultivated viticulture and involves the cultivation of a single ampelographic variety on a plant.

There is also known a method of maintaining a grape bush for a semi-shelter zone (AS 938833 from 02.29.1982) (Sh.N. Huseynov, M.Sh. Huseynov and others. Formation and pruning of a grape bush. Rostov-on-Don. - 1999. S.25. - Fig. 16). The method involves planting bushes, forming the stem, and the sleeve, and the basics of rejuvenating the sleeve in the form of a recovery arrow, placing vines on 2 tiers of trellis.

The disadvantage of this method is that it provides for the cultivation on each individual plant of one grape variety, which limits the producer's ability to increase the load of bushes with the crop and improve the quality of grapes, especially late varieties.

There is also known a method of maintaining grape bushes (L.M. Maltabar, A.K. Rajabov, A.G. Zhdamarova. Pruning, formation and systems of maintaining grape bushes. Krasnodar. - 1997. - P.83. - Fig. 34) ( prototype). The method includes planting plants, installing a support, grafting, pruning and forming bushes.

The disadvantage of this method is that in the upper part of the bush creates a large crowding of vines and shoots, which affects the radiation regime of the vineyard and its productivity. It is based on the cultivation of one particular grape variety and does not solve the problem of periodic fruiting of plants.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield, quality of grapes and the longevity of the bushes, increasing the resistance of plants to stress factors of the growing environment, in addition, the method provides universalization of the reference system, i.e. the possibility of using it in non-hiding, semi-hiding and hiding wine growing in root and grafted vineyards.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of maintaining grape bushes, including planting plants, installing support, grafting, pruning and forming bushes, grape bushes are created in two parts, each of which is a separate variety, contrasting in terms of ripening, and placed on different tiers trellis.

New is the proposed structure of the grape bush, consisting of two grape varieties of different ripening dates (late and early).

What is significant in the proposed technical solution is that with this method, grape bushes are created from 2 parts (mushrooms, sleeves), each of which is represented by a separate ampelographic variety, contrasting in terms of ripening, for example, late and early ripening. Such conditions in the vineyard can significantly increase the load of plants by shoots and crops on cultivated varieties, because the periods of greatest demand for photosynthesis products in these varieties do not coincide. Therefore, the leaf surface of both varieties during the early ripening period will work on its formed crop and the quality of the berries, and after harvesting, its entire leaf apparatus (including the early variety) will ensure the ripening of late-cluster clusters and the preparation of plants for winter.

The implementation of the claimed method is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a grape bush (spring, II year after planting).

Figure 2 shows a grape bush (autumn, II year after planting).

Figure 3 shows a grape bush (spring, III year after planting).

Figure 4 shows a grape bush (spring, IV year after planting).

Figure 5 shows a grape bush (spring, V year after planting).

Figure 6 shows a grape bush (spring, VI year after planting).

Wherein

1 - grape bush;

2 - a knot;

3 - shoot intended for formation;

4 - trellis wire;

5 - trellis (support);

6 - stepson shoots;

7 - vaccination;

8 - vertical boom;

9 - ramp inclined;

10 - cordon;

11 - part of the bush with a variety of grapes of late ripening;

12 - part of the bush with a grape variety of early ripening.

The method is as follows. The vineyard is laid with one ampelographic variety with 3-4 meter aisles. In a row, bushes (1) are planted with a distance between them of 1-2.5 m.

In the year of planting, they create favorable conditions for the good development of the root system and leaf apparatus. In the second growing season (figure 1) leave two knots (2), cutting them into 2 eyes. After the shoots are developed (Fig. 2), one shoot (3) is left on each knot, which pinch the first under the second wire (4) of the trellis (5), and the second shoot under the first. Developed stepsons (6) of the first order are removed with the exception of the two highest on the first shoot. In the third decade of May, the second shoot is grafted (7) with the variety opposite in maturity, and the developed shoot is attached to the lower trellis wire. After 10-15 days on the bushes with an unplanted vaccination (Fig.3) it is repeated.

In the spring of the third year, the bush is cut. From the first shoot, a vertical shaft (8) and cordon shoulders (10) are formed, which are attached to the second wire trellis, and from the second shoot (grafts) (7) they form an inclined shaft (9). After the development of shoots, the ones that developed on the upper part of the cordons (10) and the inclined sleeve are nipped over 3-4 knots. All other shoots are removed.

In the spring of the fourth year (figure 4), the bushes are pruned. From the developed shoots on the upper part of the cordons (10), fruit units are formed, and on the inclined stem they begin to form the cordon shoulders (10). After the development of shoots, all developed shoots on the vertical and inclined boles and on the lower sides of the cordons are removed.

In the spring of the fifth year (Fig. 5) and the sixth year (Fig. 6), the principal nature of the pruning does not change, i.e. pruning is carried out according to the principle of the fruit link, while taking into account the biological characteristics of cultivated varieties in terms of the load of bushes and the length of pruning of vines. Some (up to 10%) increase in the load of bushes by shoots and crops is foreseen. the periods of greatest nutrient requirements in these parts of the bush, consisting of different varieties, do not coincide. Therefore, in July (the beginning of the early variety ripening), most of the nutrients will be consumed by the ripening crop of the early variety, and a smaller part - for the growth of berries and the development of late shoots. After harvesting, on the contrary, most of the nutrients will be directed to the ripening of the crop and shoots of the late variety and a smaller part - to the growth and maturation of shoots of the early variety. This mode of nutrition of the bushes, formed by our method of management, takes into account the biological characteristics of the grape plant more fully.

The cultivation of bushes, consisting of two grape varieties opposite in terms of ripening, will increase the total yield of plantations, extend the time of consumption of the crop, improve the quality of bunches and plant resistance to adverse environmental factors.

The proposed method allows to increase the total productivity of vineyards and the quality of berries, to extend the period of consumption of grapes, to increase labor productivity and plant resistance to stressful situations.

Claims (1)

A method of maintaining grape bushes, including planting plants, installing a support, grafting, pruning and forming bushes, characterized in that the grape bushes are created in two parts, each of which is represented by a separate variety, contrasting in ripening time, and placed on different tiers of trellis.

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