CN102870709A - Artificial optimized culture method for sea squirt, microalgae and stichopus japonicus - Google Patents
Artificial optimized culture method for sea squirt, microalgae and stichopus japonicus Download PDFInfo
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- CN102870709A CN102870709A CN2011102051790A CN201110205179A CN102870709A CN 102870709 A CN102870709 A CN 102870709A CN 2011102051790 A CN2011102051790 A CN 2011102051790A CN 201110205179 A CN201110205179 A CN 201110205179A CN 102870709 A CN102870709 A CN 102870709A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to an artificial optimized culture method for sea squirts, microalgae and stichopus japonicus. The artificial optimized culture method for sea squirts, microalgae and stichopus japonicus is a bio-remediation technology for realizing self-purification of a culture water body and a sustainable marine product culturing method by utilizing a biological mutual benefit mechanism of a seawater polyculture system. The bait microalgae are inoculated in culture seawater; and the stichopus japonicus and the sea squirts are put into the culture water body with increased microalgae biomass. The inorganic nutritive salt in the seawater is converted into the microalgae biomass through the bioconversion of the microalgae so as to provide abundant bait for cultured organisms and simultaneously increase the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water body. The sea squirts filtrate a large amount of sea water to remove grains and excess microalgae in the water body and settle a large quantity of aqueous layer particulate organic matters into a substrate in the form of feces and false faces. The demersal stichopus japonicus with a detritus food habit ingest the organic debris, benthic diatoms and microorganisms in the substrate so as to improve a substrate environment and reduce water body pollution. The artificial optimized culture method for sea squirts, microalgae and stichopus japonicus utilizes the polyculture system to promote the culture proliferation of the stichopus japonicus, carry out the self-purification and remediation of the culture water body, and realize the sustainable development of stichopus japonicus culture industry.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Ascidian-little algae-stichopus japonicus artificial optimization cultural method, it is a kind of biological mutually beneficial mechanism that utilizes Ascidian in the seawater, little algae, stichopus japonicus, inorganic nutrient salt and organic matter are stichopus japonicus and Ascidian and micro algae biomass in the biological transformation seawater, and the cultivation waters carried out that oneself purifies and repair, realize that the seawater stichopus japonicus propagates the method for already sustainable development artificially.
(2) background technology
China is mariculture big country.Along with developing rapidly of coastal waters aquaculture, produce a large amount of organic and inorganic wastes, cause the seawater eutrophication, cause annual breakout of red tide area and number of times to increase year by year serious harm mariculture industry and the marine eco-environment.
It is very urgent to solve the breeding pollution problem.Because the large scale characteristics of seawater still lack desirable technical method so far.Defer to ecosystem theory, mutually beneficial or the compatible kind with ecological niche, habit and behavior, cultivate at same water body in suitable ratio collocation, adopt the diversification integrated culture, can take full advantage of Water space and food resource, strengthen material recycle in the water body, keep cultivating system stable, reducing self-pollution and control the cultivation scale, will be to realize that aquaculture is long-term, the only way which must be passed of sustainable development.In the Polyculture, reasonably kind collocation can make Water space, food resource situation require to coincide with life, the growth of cultivation kind, and can reach mutually beneficial between kind, strengthen " biological regulation and control " and " self-regeneration " effect, reduce and pollute, realize the sanitation and hygiene of aquaculture.
Little algae can effectively be controlled the trophic level in sea area to the efficient absorption of water nutrition, and affects planktonic growth and group's composition.Ascidian can effectively be removed Suspended Particles in Water, and plankton is produced very strong descending control action.The biogenic deposits of Ascidian is settled down to the seabed, for the benthon net provides the important foodstuffs source, also the Benthic ecology environment is exerted an influence simultaneously, and the accumulation mineralising of biogenic deposits also helps the cycling and reutilization of sea area ecosystem nutritive salt.Stichopus japonicus can be eliminated by ingesting the pollutant of bottom, and is obvious to the eradicating efficacy of bottom biogenic deposits in Polyculture, can cause nutrient remineralization by the digestion to different organic compounds in the sediments simultaneously.Utilize " Ascidian one little algae one stichopus japonicus " integrated biological mutually beneficial mechanism of raising together with in the system, can effectively reduce the organic and inorganic pollution load in cultivation waters, self-regeneration is carried out in the cultivation waters purified, system's control seawater eutrophication.Promote the growth of Ascidian, stichopus japonicus biomass, improve the cultivation income, realize the sustainable development of apostichopus japonicus culture industry.
(3) summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of Ascidian-little algae-stichopus japonicus artificial optimization cultural method, the regulation and control of breeding ecological environmental organism are to introduce regulation and control and reparative factor in breeding process with repairing technical way, such as bait micro-algae, stichopus japonicus and filter-feeding Ascidian, adopt polynary integrated culture to take full advantage of and conversion pollutant matter, reach the purpose of environment conditioning and reparation, realize the sustainable development that the seawater stichopus japonicus is propagated artificially.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
1) gathers Ascidian in the chlamys farreri culture zone, note during collection taking off together with the Ascidian adherance, avoid damaging Ascidian.Support temporarily in the Ascidian storage pond, holding pond, water temperature 15-18 ℃, cultivation density is 100-300 tail/m
3, the Mirco algal food twice of throwing something and feeding every day keeps continuous light.During the cultivation, water body need be filled with air.Gather ripe Ascidian fertilized egg, in the hatchery, hatch into tadpole larva, incubation temperature 18-22 ℃.Hang nylon rope in the hatchery, be attached on the nylon rope in the 24-48h behind the hatching larvae.When Ascidian larval growth during to 0.5-2.5cm, the nylon rope that will adhere to Ascidian moves in the breeding box to be formed, and cultivation density is 100-400 tail/m
3The residual bait of siphon every day also changes water 50%.
2) cultivation drained the water of raising together with in the pond in front 5-7 days, the pond bottom of being exposed to the sun, place the cm adherance stone of the cm of (10-45) cm * (10-45) * (10-45) and fill it up with pond water to cultivate microorganism and other aufwuches on the adherance, culturing pool depth of water 1-2m; Inoculation ocean bait micro-algae (Nitzschia closterium minutissima, Isochrysis galbana, benthic diatom, flat algae, chlorella, Chaetoceros etc.) is kept the little algae density (40-100) * 10 in the water body
4Cell/mL.Inorganic nutrient salt is micro algae biomass in the biological transformation seawater;
3) inoculation was rendered to above-mentioned the raising together with in the pond that micro algae biomass increases with the stichopus japonicus of body weight 5.0-20.0g after little algae 1-3 days, the filter little algae of food and particle;
The nylon rope that 4) will adhere to Ascidian is suspended to above-mentioned raising together with in the pool cultivated water body, consists of Ascidian-little algae-stichopus japonicus and raises together with system.
5) the little algae density in the water body is kept (40-100) * 10
4Cell/mL, little algae density is lower than (40-100) * 10
4During cell/mL, add the high density micro algae culturing liquid and adjust little algae density.The Ascidian cultivation density is 50-200 tail/m
3, apostichopus japonicus culture density is 2-15/m
2
6) in the breeding process, every morning 6:30 and afternoon 18:30 respectively open aerator/inflator pump oxygenation once, each 2h.
7) during the cultivation, change water according to tidal condition, on average change the water of 30%-50% in the pond every day.
8) in the breeding process as need bait throwing in, every day, bait throwing in twice, and the time is respectively 6:30 and 18:30.The bait throwing in group stops between estivation period throwing something and feeding stichopus japonicus.The Stichopus japonicus Selenka bait Main Ingredients and Appearance is: crude protein 10-15%, crude fat 2-5%, raw fiber 10-15%, coarse ash 35-50%.
Little algae can effectively be controlled the trophic level in sea area to the efficient absorption of water nutrition, and affects planktonic growth and group's composition.Ascidian can effectively be removed Suspended Particles in Water, and plankton is produced very strong descending control action.The biogenic deposits of Ascidian is settled down to the seabed, for the benthon net provides the important foodstuffs source, also the Benthic ecology environment is exerted an influence simultaneously, and the accumulation mineralising of biogenic deposits also helps the cycling and reutilization of sea area ecosystem nutritive salt.Stichopus japonicus can be eliminated by ingesting the pollutant of bottom, and is obvious to the eradicating efficacy of bottom biogenic deposits in Polyculture, can cause nutrient remineralization by the digestion to different organic compounds in the sediments simultaneously.Utilize " Ascidian one little algae one stichopus japonicus " integrated system to remove inorganic nutrient salt and organic matter in the breeding seawater, and be converted into little algae and stichopus japonicus and Ascidian biomass, make the cultivation waters realize that the oneself purifies and repairs, and realizes the sustainable development that the seawater stichopus japonicus is propagated artificially.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 is implementing procedure sketch of the present invention.
1 is to gather Ascidian among the figure, the 2nd, and Ascidian storage pond, holding pond, the 3rd, ripe Styela clava fertilized egg, the 4th, the Ascidian hatchery, the 5th, the Ascidian tadpole larva, the 6th, nylon rope, the 7th, adhere to the nylon rope of Ascidian, the 8th, aquarium, the 9th, the handle sea is slightly, little algae, stichopus japonicus raise together with the pond, and the 10th, adherance stone, the 11st, stichopus japonicus, the 12nd, the ocean bait micro-algae, the 13rd, Ascidian-little algae-stichopus japonicus is raised together with.
(5) embodiment
The common ginseng in sea area is pool cultivated
1) gathers Ascidian (1) in the chlamys farreri culture zone, note during collection taking off together with adherance, avoid damaging Ascidian.Support temporarily in Ascidian storage pond, holding pond (2), water temperature 15-18 ℃, cultivation density is 100-300 tail/m
3, the Mirco algal food twice of throwing something and feeding every day keeps continuous light.During the cultivation, water body need be filled with air.Gather ripe Ascidian fertilized egg (3), in Ascidian hatchery (4), hatch into Ascidian tadpole larva (5), incubation temperature 18-22 ℃.Hang nylon rope (6) in the hatchery, be attached on the nylon rope in the 24-48h behind the hatching larvae.When Ascidian larval growth during to 0.5-2.5cm, it is 2.5m that the nylon rope (7) that will adhere to Ascidian moves into the water body volume
3The aquarium (8) of 1.5m * 1.5m * 1.5m in form, cultivation density is 100-400 tail/m
3The residual bait of siphon every day also changes water 50%.
2) the common ginseng pond (9) of newly-built 15 the 5m * 5m * 4m in sea area, each pond is equipped with two aerators.Drain the water in the ginseng pond, the pond bottom of being exposed to the sun, place the cm adherance stone (10) of the cm of (10-45) cm * (10-45) * (10-45) and fill it up with pond water to cultivate microorganism and other aufwuches on the adherance, culturing pool depth of water 1-2m;
3) inoculation ocean bait micro-algae (Nitzschia closterium minutissima, Isochrysis galbana, benthic diatom, flat algae, chlorella, Chaetoceros etc.) (11) is kept the little algae density (40-100) * 10 in the water body
4Cell/mL.
4) the little algae of inoculation is after three days, the stichopus japonicus (12) of well-grown body weight 5.0-20.0g is rendered to above-mentioned raising together with in the pond, the nylon rope (7) that will adhere to Ascidian is suspended to above-mentioned raising together with in the pool cultivated water body, consists of Ascidian-little algae-stichopus japonicus and raises together with system (13).Adhere to the nylon rope of Styela clava apart from the about 50-70cm of the water surface.
5) the little algae density in the water body is kept (40-100) * 10
4Cell/mL, little algae density is lower than (40-100) * 10
4During cell/mL, add the high density micro algae culturing liquid and adjust little algae density.The Ascidian cultivation density is 50-100 tail/m
3, apostichopus japonicus culture density is 2-15/m
2
6) in the breeding process, every morning 6:30 and afternoon 18:30 respectively open aerator oxygenation once, each 2h.
7) during the cultivation, change water according to tidal condition, on average change the water of 30%-50% in the pond every day.
8) in the breeding process as need bait throwing in, every day, bait throwing in twice, and the time is respectively 6:30 and 18:30.The bait throwing in group stops between estivation period throwing something and feeding stichopus japonicus.The Stichopus japonicus Selenka bait Main Ingredients and Appearance is: crude protein 10-15%, crude fat 2-5%, raw fiber 10-15%, coarse ash 35-50%.
The netted enclosure cultivation in sea area
1) gathers Ascidian (1) in the chlamys farreri culture zone, note during collection taking off together with adherance, avoid damaging Ascidian.Support temporarily in Ascidian storage pond, holding pond (2), water temperature 15-18 ℃, cultivation density is 200 tails/m
3, the Mirco algal food twice of throwing something and feeding every day keeps continuous light.During the cultivation, water body need be filled with air.Gather ripe Ascidian fertilized egg (3), in Ascidian hatchery (4), hatch into Ascidian tadpole larva (5), incubation temperature 18-22 ℃.Hang nylon rope (6) in the hatchery, be attached on the nylon rope in the 24-48h behind the hatching larvae.When Ascidian larval growth during to 0.5-2.5cm, it is 2.5m that the nylon rope (7) that will adhere to Ascidian moves into the water body volume
3The aquarium (8) of 1.5m * 1.5m * 1.5m in form, cultivation density is 100-300 tail/m
3The residual bait of siphon every day also changes water 50%.
2) adopt netted Mesocosm method, take bamboo pole as support frame, cover the polythene net that mesh is 0.5cm outward, 30cm under the mud is imbedded in 4 etting bottom.Establish altogether 30 of Experimental Enclosures in the pool, each enclosure is 8m * 8m, and the enclosure height is about 2m, places (10) 64 groups in adherance stone in each net enclosure.Enclosure is equipped with inflator pump oxygenation.7d drains the water in the pond before the test, and the pond bottom of being exposed to the sun is placed adherance and filled it up with pond water to cultivate microorganism and other aufwuches on the adherance;
3) inoculation ocean bait micro-algae (Nitzschia closterium minutissima, Isochrysis galbana, benthic diatom, flat algae, chlorella, Chaetoceros etc.) (11) is kept the little algae density (40-100) * 10 in the water body
4Cell/mL.
4) the little algae of inoculation is put into well-grown stichopus japonicus (12) after three days, and stichopus japonicus body weight 10.0-15.0g, each enclosure respectively hanging culture adhere to the nylon rope (7) of Ascidian, and nylon rope is apart from the about 50～70cm of the water surface.
5) the little algae density in the water body is kept (40-100) * 10
4Cell/mL, little algae density is lower than (40-100) * 10
4During cell/mL, add the high density micro algae culturing liquid and adjust little algae density.The Ascidian cultivation density is 50-100 tail/m
3, apostichopus japonicus culture density is 2-15/m
2
6) in the breeding process, every morning 6:30 and afternoon 18:30 respectively open aerator/inflator pump oxygenation once, each 2h.
7) during the cultivation, change water according to tidal condition, on average change the water of 30%-50% in the pond every day.
8) in the breeding process as need bait throwing in, every day, bait throwing in twice, and the time is respectively 6:30 and 18:30.The bait throwing in group stops between estivation period throwing something and feeding stichopus japonicus.The Stichopus japonicus Selenka bait Main Ingredients and Appearance is: crude protein 10-15%, crude fat 2-5%, raw fiber 10-15%, coarse ash 30-50%.
Ascidian-little algae-stichopus japonicus artificial optimization cultural method can take full advantage of sea water breeding area, optimizes seawer quality, improves stichopus japonicus and propagates benefit artificially, has preferably promotion prospect.
Claims (2)
1. Ascidian-little algae-stichopus japonicus artificial optimization cultural method, it is characterized in that draining the water in the cultivating pool, the pond bottom of being exposed to the sun is placed adherance stone and is filled it up with pond water, at adherance inoculation ocean bait micro-algae, keep the little algae density (40-100) * 10 in the water body
4Cell/mL, inoculate little algae 1-3 days after, Ascidian and stichopus japonicus are rendered in the above-mentioned culturing pool that micro algae biomass increases, culturing pool depth of water 1-2m throws in the culturing pool when stichopus japonicus body weight reaches 5-20g.
2. described a kind of Ascidian-little algae-stichopus japonicus artificial optimization cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: gather Styela clava in the chlamys farreri culture zone, the fertilized egg of the Styela clava of maturation is hatched into tadpole larva at 18-22 ℃, be attached on the nylon rope and cultivate separately, 15-18 ℃ of Ascidian temperature of cultivation, cultivation density are 100-300 tail/m
3, the Mirco algal food twice of throwing something and feeding every day keeps continuous light; During the cultivation, water body need be filled with air, and when Ascidian larval growth during to 0.5-2.5cm, the nylon rope that will adhere to Ascidian moves in the breeding box to be formed, and cultivation density is 100-400 tail/m
3, the residual bait of siphon every day also changes water 50%, and the breeding way of Ascidian in water body is hanging culture.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104585251A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-05-06 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Traditional Chinese herbal medicine composition for killing ciona intestinalis in seedling breeding stage of stichopus japonicus |
| CN105494181A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-04-20 | 大连海洋大学 | Stichopus japonicas pond subsection type polyculture method capable of avoiding macroalga inundation |
| CN111096257A (en) * | 2020-02-15 | 2020-05-05 | 烟台大学 | Three-dimensional comprehensive cultivation method for stichopus japonicus and oysters |
-
2011
- 2011-07-14 CN CN201110205179.0A patent/CN102870709B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (6)
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| 《刺参池塘养殖生态学及健康养殖理论》 20090630 赵文等 刺参池塘混养现状 科学出版社 第167页最后一段，第168页第一段，第182-183页 2 , 第一版 * |
| MOLLY O.AHLGREN: "Consumption and assimilation of salmon net pen fouling debris by the red sea cucumber Parastichopus californicus: implications for polyculture", 《JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY》 * |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104585251A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-05-06 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Traditional Chinese herbal medicine composition for killing ciona intestinalis in seedling breeding stage of stichopus japonicus |
| CN105494181A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-04-20 | 大连海洋大学 | Stichopus japonicas pond subsection type polyculture method capable of avoiding macroalga inundation |
| CN105494181B (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2019-01-22 | 大连海洋大学 | The stichopus japonicus pond segmented polyculture method that avoidable macro is spread unchecked |
| CN111096257A (en) * | 2020-02-15 | 2020-05-05 | 烟台大学 | Three-dimensional comprehensive cultivation method for stichopus japonicus and oysters |
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