CN105494181A - Stichopus japonicas pond subsection type polyculture method capable of avoiding macroalga inundation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a segmented polyculture method for japonicus ponds that can avoid the flooding of large algae, which is carried out according to the following steps: put japonicus seedlings into the japonicus ponds in a conventional manner every year; every spring and when the pond water temperature is at least 14°C, Put the basket fish fry in the sea cucumber pond; every autumn and when the water temperature is below 18°C, put the mesoid sea urchin seed in the sea cucumber pond; monitor the amount of macroalgae in the sea cucumber pond, and when the amount of macroalgae is less than When the food intake of the mesosphere sea urchin and the basket fish is met, the macroalgae is fed; the mature sea cucumbers are harvested in spring and autumn every year; the basket fish is caught every autumn; the mesosphere sea urchin is caught before the water temperature rises to 23℃ every spring, which will be smaller than the commercial product The standard sea urchins are transferred to the sea area to continue raft culture.

Description

Segmented Polyculture Method in Apostichopus Ponds to Avoid Macroalgae Flooding

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and in particular relates to a segmented polyculture method for sea cucumber ponds which can effectively prevent macroalgae flooding in sea cucumber cultivation ponds and improve the economic benefits of sea cucumber cultivation ponds.

Background technique

Sea cucumber, belonging to the class Holothurioidea , is a sea treasure with high economic value, and has become one of the important species of mariculture in China. The existing breeding method is to select seawater aquaculture ponds with sandy bottom, sandy mud bottom or silt bottom. Every spring or autumn, when the water temperature is between 10°C and 20°C, the sea cucumber seedlings are put in, and then by monitoring the water temperature, Technical indicators such as salinity, dissolved oxygen, and pH, and timely feeding of sea cucumber bait such as Unicellular algae, until mature sea cucumbers are harvested in the autumn of the current year or the spring of the following year. However, during the breeding process, large algae such as Enteromorpha, Ulva, and Cladophora often break out, which makes the water quality of the breeding pond thin and affects the reproduction of single-celled algae. It not only reduces the food source of sea cucumbers, but also occupies the growth of sea cucumbers. Space hinders the normal activities and feeding of sea cucumbers, and in severe cases, it will cause a large number of deaths or even failure of the sea cucumbers, which will bring huge property losses to farmers. Therefore, weeding needs to be carried out during the breeding process. There are two existing weeding methods: one is manual weeding, which is labor-intensive, labor-intensive and incomplete; the other is the use of herbicides, although the grass can be completely removed with a certain dose, but there are Pollution of the environment and damage to sea cucumbers and other safety hazards.

Basket fish are widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical Indian Ocean-Pacific Ocean and the eastern Mediterranean Sea, and have the advantages of short breeding cycle and high nutritional value. Basket fish is a plant-based omnivorous fish. In natural sea areas, basket fish often feed on filamentous green algae, brown algae and diatoms attached to rocky reefs, coral reefs or seabed algae beds. In recent years, the research on the biology of basket fish has been deepened, artificial breeding has been gradually carried out, and the scale of breeding has been continuously expanded. However, the basket fish has poor low temperature resistance and cannot survive the winter in the northern region, so it is not suitable for pond culture in the northern winter.

Sea urchin intermedius was originally distributed in Hokkaido and the northern coast of Japan. It is an important economic sea urchin in Japan. The annual output accounts for about 40-50% of Japan's sea urchin production. Its gonads have good color, sweet taste, and high meat yield. Sea urchin is top grade. At present, sea urchins medius have been cultured in rafts and bottom seeded in Liaoning and Shandong provinces. Since the sea urchin mesius is a low-temperature species, it is not suitable for the water quality conditions of high water temperature in seawater aquaculture ponds in summer, and the pond culture of the sea urchin mesodes has not yet been carried out.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art, and provides a segmented polyculture method in sea cucumber ponds that can effectively prevent macroalgae flooding in sea cucumber culture ponds and improve the economic benefits of sea cucumber culture ponds.

The technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of subsection type polyculture method of japonicus pond that can avoid macroalgae flooding, it is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:

a. Seed delivery

a.1 When the water temperature is between 10°C and 20°C every year, put sea cucumber seedlings into the sea cucumber ponds. The size of the seedlings should be at least 2,000 head/500g. See Table 1 for the stocking density of small-sized seedlings or large-sized seedlings:

Table 1

Seed specification Specifications (head/500g) Stocking density (kg/hm ² ) small size 2000~500 75～150 large size <500 150～300

a.2 Every spring and when the pond water temperature is at least 14°C, put the basket fish fry in the sea cucumber pond, the size of the basket fish fry is at least 3cm, and the number of throwing is 1500~4000/hm ² ;

a.3 Every autumn and when the water temperature is below 18°C, put the sea urchin seedlings in the sea cucumber pond, the size of the sea urchin seedlings is at least 3.5cm, and the quantity of putting in is 500-1000 pieces/mu;

b. Breeding

Monitoring the amount of macroalgae in sea cucumber ponds and feeding macroalgae when the amount of macroalgae is less than the food intake of the basket fish or/and mesoid sea urchin;

c. capture

c.1 Harvest sea cucumbers that meet the commodity specifications in spring and autumn every year;

c.2 Catch basket fish every autumn and when the water temperature drops to 14°C;

c.3 Harvest mesosphere sea urchins every spring before the water temperature rises to 23°C, and transfer the mesosphere sea urchins smaller than the commercial size to the sea area to continue raft culture.

The present invention selects sea urchin and basket fish with fast growth and high economic value to carry out segmented polyculture with sea cucumber, which can not only make full use of the culture water body, increase the economic benefits of the sea cucumber culture pond, but also make full use of the The characteristics of sea urchins and basket fishes being able to feed on macroalgae can avoid the flooding of macroalgae without the use of herbicides, which optimizes the ecological environment and water quality conditions of sea cucumber ponds, and reduces the loss of sea cucumber breeding caused by macroalgae flooding, reducing the A large number of artificially fished out large algae production costs; at the same time, large algae can be used as bait for sea urchins and basket fish, and the feces of sea urchins and basket fish can also be used as bait for sea cucumbers, which reduces the input of bait and further improves the quality of sea cucumber culture ponds. economic benefits.

detailed description

Example 1:

a. Seed delivery

a.1 When the water temperature is 10°C~12°C every year, put sea cucumber seedlings in the sea cucumber ponds, the size of the seedlings should be at least 500~1000 heads/500g, and the stocking density should be 100~120kg;

a.2 Every spring and when the pond water temperature is at least 14°C, put the basket fish fry in the sea cucumber pond, the size of the basket fish fry is at least 3cm, and the number of throwing is 1500~2000/hm ² ;

a.3 Every autumn and when the water temperature is below 18°C, put the sea urchin seedlings in the sea cucumber pond, the size of the sea urchin seedlings is at least 3.5cm, and the quantity of putting in is 500 pieces/mu;

b. Breeding

Bait: After adding japonicus seedlings, there is no need to add bait, as the sea cucumbers can absorb edible food in the seawater in the pond; after adding basket fish fry and middle ball sea urchin fry, it is necessary to monitor the number of macroalgae in the sea cucumber pond, when macroalgae When the quantity is less than the food intake of the basket fish or/and the middle ball sea urchin, feed macroalgae to ensure the food intake of the basket fish or/and the middle ball sea urchin, and the feces of the basket fish or/and the middle ball sea urchin can be used as the bait; other breeding conditions (technical indicators such as water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH) are the same as the prior art;

c. capture

c.1 Harvest sea cucumbers that meet the commodity specifications in spring and autumn every year;

c.2 Catch basket fish every autumn and when the water temperature drops to 14°C;

c.3 Before the water temperature rises to 23°C in spring, sea urchins are harvested. Among them, sea urchins above 5 cm can be directly marketed if they meet the commercial specifications, and sea urchins smaller than the commercial specifications are transferred to sea areas to continue raft culture.

Contrast is the cultivation and harvest of sea cucumber which is carried out separately by conventional sea cucumber culture method, embodiment 1 and contrast

The comparison results of the annual harvest of the breeding methods are shown in Table 2:

Table 2

sea cucumber basket fish middle ball sea urchin control 125kg/mu 0 0 Example 1 155kg/mu 7.5kg 18kg

The results show that the yield per mu of japonicus harvested in the pond of Example 1 is higher than that of the conventional culture pond, and the basket fish and sea urchins are harvested simultaneously, which greatly improves the economic benefits of the japonicus culture pond.

Simultaneously embodiment 1 can save bait input cost, manually remove macroalgae cost etc., has established the pond culture method of basket fish and middle ball sea urchin in northern seawater culture pond, can effectively improve the economic benefit of raiser, has reduced the pollution to environment .

Example 2:

a. Seed delivery

a.1 When the water temperature is 15°C~16°C every year, put sea cucumber seedlings in the sea cucumber pond, the seedling size is at least 300~500 heads/500g, and the stocking density is 180kg/hm ² ;

a.2 Every spring and when the pond water temperature is at least 14°C, put the basket fish fry in the sea cucumber pond, the size of the basket fish fry is at least 3cm, and the number of throwing is 2000~3000/hm ² ;

a.3 Every autumn and when the water temperature is below 18°C, put the sea urchin seedlings in the sea cucumber pond, the size of the sea urchin seedlings is at least 3.5cm, and the quantity of putting in is 700 pieces/mu;

Breeding and capture are the same as in Example 1.

Test example 2 is to put sea cucumber seedlings, basket fish seedlings and middle ball sea urchin seedlings into the breeding pond respectively according to the throwing temperature, throwing time and throwing quantity described in embodiment 2, and cultivate them respectively according to the conventional culture method, and simultaneously The times described in Example 2 were harvested respectively. The contrast is the cultivation and harvesting of sea cucumbers carried out separately by the conventional sea cucumber culture method, and the annual harvest comparison results of embodiment 2 and the contrast culture method are shown in Table 3:

table 3

sea cucumber basket fish middle ball sea urchin control 125kg Example 2 173kg 12.5kg 23kg

The results show that the yield per mu of japonicus harvested in the pond of Example 2 is higher than that of the conventional culture pond, and the basket fish and sea urchins are harvested simultaneously, which greatly improves the economic benefits of the japonicus culture pond.

Simultaneously embodiment 2 can save bait input cost, artificially remove macroalgae cost etc., have set up the pond culture method of basket fish and middle ball sea urchin in northern seawater culture pond, can effectively improve the economic benefit of raiser, have reduced the pollution to environment .

Example 3:

a. Seed delivery

a.1 When the temperature is 15°C~16°C every year, put sea cucumber seedlings into the sea cucumber ponds, the seedling size is at least 100~300 heads/500g, and the stocking density is 250kg/hm ² ;

a.2 Every spring and when the pond water temperature is at least 14°C, put the basket fish fry in the sea cucumber pond, the size of the basket fish fry is at least 3cm, and the number of throwing is 3000~3500/hm ² ;

a.3 Every autumn and when the water temperature is below 18°C, put the sea urchin seedlings in the sea cucumber pond, the size of the sea urchin seedlings is at least 3.5cm, and the quantity of putting in is 1000 pieces/mu;

Breeding and capture are the same as in Example 1.

The contrast is the cultivation and harvesting of sea cucumbers carried out separately by the conventional sea cucumber culture method, and the annual harvest comparison results of embodiment 3 and the contrast culture method are shown in Table 4:

Table 4

Sea cucumber (spring release) basket fish middle ball sea urchin control 125kg Test example 3 168kg 13.0kg 32kg

The results show that the yield per mu of japonicus harvested in the pond of Example 3 is higher than that of the conventional culture pond, and the basket fish and sea urchins are harvested simultaneously, which greatly improves the economic benefits of the japonicus culture pond.

Simultaneously embodiment 3 can save bait input cost, manually remove macroalgae cost etc., has established the pond culture method of basket fish and middle ball sea urchin in northern seawater culture pond, can effectively improve the economic benefit of raiser.

Claims (1)

1. can avoid the stichopus japonicus pond segmented polyculture method that macro spreads unchecked, it is characterized in that:

A. seed is thrown in:

A.1, when annual water temperature is 10 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, throw in juvenile stichopus to stichopus japonicus pond, the specification at least 2000/500g of seed, the input density of small dimension seed or large size seedling seed is in table 1:

Table 1

Seed size Specification (head/500g) Throw in density (kg/hm ²） Small dimension 2000~500 75～150 Large gauge <500 150～300

A.2 annual spring and pond water temperature at least 14 DEG C time, throw in basket fry kind to stichopus japonicus pond, described basket fish seed size is at least 3cm, and supply volume is 1500 ~ 4000 tails/hm ²;

A.3 when annual autumn and water temperature are less than 18 DEG C, to stichopus japonicus pond input Strongylocentrotus intermedius seed, described Strongylocentrotus intermedius seed size is at least 3.5cm, and supply volume is 500 ~ 1000 pieces/mu;

B. cultivate

The quantity of monitoring stichopus japonicus pond medium-and-large-sized algae, when the quantity of macro be less than basket fish or/and the food ration of Strongylocentrotus intermedius time, macro of throwing something and feeding;

C. catch

C.1 annual spring and autumn, adopts the stichopus japonicus catching and reach commercial specification;

C.2 annual autumn and when water temperature drops to 14 DEG C, catch basket fish;

C.3 water temperature rose to 23 DEG C and adopted in the past and catch Strongylocentrotus intermedius annual spring, the Strongylocentrotus intermedius being less than commercial specification was transferred to sea area and continued raft culture.