CN111096257A - Three-dimensional comprehensive cultivation method for stichopus japonicus and oysters - Google Patents
Three-dimensional comprehensive cultivation method for stichopus japonicus and oysters Download PDFInfo
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- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 241000965254 Apostichopus japonicus Species 0.000 title claims description 117
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 241000251511 Holothuroidea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009348 integrated aquaculture Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000195628 Chlorophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000258161 Stichopus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010805 inorganic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009364 mariculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000013370 mutualism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/30—Culture of aquatic animals of sponges, sea urchins or sea cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种刺参与牡蛎立体综合养殖方法，采用特定结构的海底综合养殖装置进行刺参与牡蛎立体综合养殖，主要包含：1）刺参采用底播方式养殖于水底，牡蛎采用吊养方式养殖于水中；2）刺参与牡蛎立体综合养殖中，不引入大型海藻；3）刺参与牡蛎立体综合养殖中，牡蛎采用的吊养方式包括棚架式、延绳式和浮筏式；4）利用刺参与牡蛎立体综合养殖系统清除养殖海水中无机营养盐和有机物，并转化为牡蛎和刺参生物量。该刺参—牡蛎立体综合养殖方法，充分利用和转化水体营养物质，达到环境调控与修复的目的，实现海水刺参人工养殖的可持续发展。The invention relates to a three-dimensional comprehensive culturing method of sea cucumber and oyster, which adopts a submarine comprehensive culturing device with a specific structure to carry out three-dimensional comprehensive culture of sea cucumber and oyster. 2) In the three-dimensional comprehensive culture of oysters, large seaweeds are not introduced; 3) In the three-dimensional comprehensive culture of oysters, the hanging methods of oysters include scaffolding, longline and floating rafts; 4) Utilization of The oyster three-dimensional integrated aquaculture system removes inorganic nutrients and organic matter from the cultured seawater, and converts them into oyster and sea cucumber biomass. The sea cucumber-oyster three-dimensional comprehensive culture method fully utilizes and transforms water body nutrients, achieves the purpose of environmental regulation and restoration, and realizes the sustainable development of seawater sea cucumber artificial culture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a three-dimensional comprehensive cultivation method for stichopus japonicus and oysters, which is a method for biologically converting inorganic nutrient salts and organic matters in seawater into biomass of the stichopus japonicus and the oysters by utilizing a biological mutual benefit mechanism of the stichopus japonicus and the oysters in the seawater, and self-purifying and repairing cultivation water areas to realize sustainable development of the artificial cultivation industry of the stichopus japonicus and the oysters.
Background
China is a big country for marine organism culture. With the rapid development of offshore aquaculture, a large amount of organic and inorganic wastes are generated, resulting in seawater eutrophication, leading to annual red tide explosive area and times increasing year by year, and seriously harming the marine aquaculture and marine ecological environment.
The long-term centralized and single cultivation of a certain variety can cause the biological diversity damage of local cultivation water areas and influence the water quality and substrate environment. In a certain cultivation water area, cultivation varieties can be reasonably matched, and cultivation diversity is increased. According to the theory of ecosystem, the types of ecological niches, habits and behaviors which are mutually beneficial or compatible are matched and cultured in the same water body according to a proper proportion, and a diversified three-dimensional comprehensive culture mode is adopted, so that the water body space and bait resources can be fully utilized, the substance circulation in the water body is enhanced, the stability of a culture system is kept, the self pollution is reduced, and the culture scale is controlled, so that the method is a necessary way for realizing the long-term and sustainable development of aquaculture. The oyster is a fixed filter feeding shellfish, is an important mariculture variety, is generally fixed on a shallow sea object or a seaside reef, takes fine zooplankton, diatom, organic debris and the like as main food materials, has extremely strong water filtering capacity, and can effectively remove suspended particles in a water body.
Therefore, it is necessary to research the work of marine filter feeding animals with higher organic matter filtering efficiency and application prospect as organic extraction type breeding organisms in a mixed breeding system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional comprehensive cultivation method for stichopus japonicus and oysters, which fully utilizes and converts water nutrient substances, achieves the purposes of environmental regulation and restoration, and realizes sustainable development of artificial cultivation of seawater stichopus japonicus.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a three-dimensional comprehensive cultivation method for stichopus japonicus and oysters adopts a seabed comprehensive cultivation device to carry out three-dimensional comprehensive cultivation on the stichopus japonicus and the oysters;
1) the stichopus japonicus is cultivated at the bottom of the water in a bottom sowing mode, the oysters are cultivated in the water in a hanging mode, the stichopus japonicus and the oysters are not in contact with each other, and the water body and the bottom space are fully utilized;
2) the thorns are involved in the three-dimensional comprehensive culture of the oysters, no large-scale seaweed is introduced, the propagation of microalgae in seawater and bottom mud is facilitated, and more high-quality food is provided for the sea cucumbers and the oysters while the water environment is maintained;
3) the thorns participate in the three-dimensional comprehensive cultivation of the oysters, and the oyster cultivation methods adopted by the thorns comprise a shed frame type, a rope extending type and a floating raft type;
4) the stichopus japonicus stereo comprehensive aquaculture system removes inorganic nutritive salts and organic matters in aquaculture seawater, and converts the inorganic nutritive salts and the organic matters into oyster and stichopus japonicus biomass, so that the aquaculture water area is self-purified and repaired;
the device comprises a three-dimensional support, wherein two layers of culture areas are arranged at the upper part of the three-dimensional support, the lower layer is used for culturing the stichopus japonicus, the upper layer is used for culturing the oysters, the periphery of each layer of culture area is respectively surrounded by netting, a plurality of stichopus japonicus shelters are fixedly arranged on the netting at the bottom of the culture area, a plurality of longitudinal nettings are fixedly arranged between two opposite side nettings of the upper-layer oyster culture area, and a plurality of three-dimensional net bags are arranged on each longitudinal netting; a zipper opening is arranged on the netting on one side surface of each layer of culture area; placing an apostichopus japonicus shelter every 30-45cm in an apostichopus japonicus culture area, wherein the apostichopus japonicus shelter comprises a semicircular shelter body and baffles at two sides of the shelter body, the width of each baffle is 100cm, round holes with the diameter of 7cm are arranged on the shelter body, and the aperture of the netting surrounding the apostichopus japonicus culture area is 0.05-0.1 cm; the aperture of the net surrounding the periphery of the oyster cultivation area is 0.1-0.23 cm; 3-5 longitudinal net clothes are arranged in the oyster cultivation area, and 12-18 net bags are arranged on each longitudinal net clothes.
Preferably, no bait is required for the entire cultivation process.
The invention has the technical effects that:
compared with the current domestic oyster-stichopus japonicus-seaweed comprehensive culture system, the oyster-stichopus japonicus mixed culture system does not change the culture mode of the existing oysters and stichopus japonicus, but changes the culture mode, the oyster and stichopus japonicus are not simply mixed cultured (bait is inevitably added in the mixed culture of the prior art), the oysters adopt a hanging culture mode, the stichopus japonicus is still cultured by bottom sowing, the complementarity of living spaces of the oysters and the stichopus japonicus is fully utilized, an oyster culture valve frame in a water body can shield sunlight, a necessary light-tight environment is provided for the stichopus japonicus, the propagation of bottom filiform green algae is inhibited by low light at the bottom of the water, the harm of the filiform green algae to the stichopus japonicus is effectively reduced, meanwhile, the bottom mud deterioration caused by the filiform green algae can be reduced, a good growth environment is created for the stichopus japonicus, and the economic benefit; furthermore, the culture device can well intercept water body particulate matters through the optimization of the coating aperture at the periphery of the culture area and other device structure parameters, so that high-quality food of the sea cucumber and the oyster can be effectively adhered to the net, the growth and survival of the sea cucumber and the oyster are improved, the propagation of microalgae in seawater and sediment can be better realized under the condition of not attracting large-scale seaweed, and more high-quality food is provided for the sea cucumber and the oyster; more importantly, the stichopus japonicus cultivated by bottom sowing has wide movement space, and is more beneficial to the improvement of the quality of the stichopus japonicus.
In addition, the stichopus japonicus-oyster three-dimensional comprehensive culture method fully utilizes and converts water nutrient substances, reduces the pollution load capacity of organic matters and inorganic matters in the culture water area, carries out self-repairing purification on the culture water area, systematically prevents seawater eutrophication, achieves the aim of environment regulation and repair, and realizes sustainable development of artificial culture of the seawater stichopus japonicus. Moreover, the oyster has strong enrichment capacity on heavy metals in seawater, and the enriched heavy metals can be fixed in oyster shells, so that the content of the heavy metals in edible parts of the oysters is kept at a lower safe level, the level of the heavy metals in the seawater is reduced, the content of the heavy metals in the stichopus japonicus is indirectly reduced, and the safety of stichopus japonicus culture is improved.
Therefore, the facility structure design of the stichopus japonicus and oyster three-dimensional comprehensive culture system fully utilizes the space, and the culture facility can fully utilize the water layer space in time and place to realize a three-dimensional and ecological comprehensive culture mode. Meanwhile, the invention can purify the water quality of the sea bottom and provide a good environment for the adhesion and growth of the stichopus japonicus; improves the quality of the products of the stichopus japonicus and the oysters, and is beneficial to realizing the habitat restoration and the comprehensive utilization of sea areas. In addition, the method of the invention does not need additional equipment, thereby having lower investment cost.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and is illustrated by specific embodiments, before explaining the design idea and principle of the present invention.
The invention provides an oyster-stichopus japonicus three-dimensional diversified mixed culture system which creatively utilizes a biological mutual benefit mechanism in the mixed culture system, because a large amount of plankton larvae of attached organisms exist in an environmental water body and compete for space and food resources with the stichopus japonicus of the cultured organisms after being fixed, and the oyster on the upper layer can effectively inhibit the fixed growth of other attached organisms by generating a strong downlink control effect on the plankton in the growth process, so that the competition of the plankton in the water body space on the food and space of the stichopus japonicus in the culture space is reduced, and the increase and culture of the stichopus japonicus are facilitated. Furthermore, after the oysters on the upper layer filter plankton, suspended particles and the like in the water body, the oysters are discharged into the water in the form of ammonia and phosphate and accumulated below the culture area, so that the accumulation of substances and energy appears at the bottom of the culture area, an important food source is provided for the bottom stichopus japonicus net, and the biological sediments of the oysters can also be used as substrates for the growth of microorganisms so as to stimulate the growth of bacteria, and further provide bait for the bottom stichopus japonicus. Furthermore, the benthic organism stichopus japonicus not only obtains baits from the oysters on the upper layer, but also has obvious effect of eliminating bottom organism sediments by a scavenger which is further used as a culture water body environment in a mixed culture mode, meanwhile, the nutrient salt is regenerated by digesting the sediments to supplement the upper shallow sea raft type oyster cultivation, which plays an important role in the material circulation and energy flow of the shallow seabed habitat ecological system, the oyster-stichopus japonicus three-dimensional diversified mixed culture system strengthens the functions of biological regulation and self-restoration through interspecific mutualism, ensures that the water body space and bait resource conditions of the culture system are consistent with the living and growing requirements of culture species, not only removes and utilizes biological sediments of the shallow sea raft type oyster culture system, improves the growth and survival quality of stichopus japonicus and oysters, but also achieves the aim of restoring and optimizing the shallow sea raft type culture ecological system.
The technical scheme of the invention is clearly and completely described by specific examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-2, and the described examples are only a part of examples of the patent, but not all examples. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given in this patent without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1: a three-dimensional comprehensive cultivation method for stichopus japonicus and oysters adopts a seabed comprehensive cultivation device to carry out three-dimensional comprehensive cultivation on the stichopus japonicus and the oysters;
1) the stichopus japonicus is cultivated at the bottom of the water in a bottom sowing mode, the oysters are cultivated in the water in a hanging mode, the stichopus japonicus and the oysters are not in contact with each other, and the water body and the bottom space are fully utilized;
2) the thorns are involved in the three-dimensional comprehensive culture of the oysters, no large-scale seaweed is introduced, the propagation of microalgae in seawater and bottom mud is facilitated, and more high-quality food is provided for the sea cucumbers and the oysters while the water environment is maintained;
3) the thorns participate in the three-dimensional comprehensive cultivation of the oysters, and the oyster cultivation methods adopted by the thorns comprise a shed frame type, a rope extending type and a floating raft type;
4) the stichopus japonicus stereo comprehensive culture system is used for removing inorganic nutritive salt and organic matters in culture seawater and converting the inorganic nutritive salt and the organic matters into biomass of the oysters and the stichopus japonicus, so that the culture water area is self-purified and restored;
the device comprises a three-dimensional support, wherein two layers of culture areas are arranged at the upper part of the three-dimensional support, the lower layer is used for culturing the stichopus japonicus, the upper layer is used for culturing the oysters, the periphery of each layer of culture area is respectively surrounded by netting, a plurality of stichopus japonicus shelters are fixedly arranged on the netting at the bottom of the culture area, a plurality of longitudinal nettings are fixedly arranged between two opposite side nettings of the upper-layer oyster culture area, and a plurality of three-dimensional net bags are arranged on each longitudinal netting; a zipper opening is arranged on the netting on one side surface of each layer of culture area; placing an apostichopus japonicus shelter every 30cm in an apostichopus japonicus culture area, wherein the apostichopus japonicus shelter comprises a semicircular shelter body and baffles at two sides of the shelter body, the width of each baffle is 100cm, round holes with the diameter of 7cm are arranged on the shelter body, and the aperture of the netting surrounding the apostichopus japonicus culture area is 0.05 cm; the aperture of the net surrounding the periphery of the oyster cultivation area is 0.1 cm; 3 longitudinal net clothes are arranged in the oyster cultivation area, 18 net bags are arranged on each longitudinal net clothes, and bait casting is not needed in the whole cultivation process.
Example 2: a three-dimensional comprehensive cultivation method for stichopus japonicus and oysters adopts a seabed comprehensive cultivation device to carry out three-dimensional comprehensive cultivation on the stichopus japonicus and the oysters;
1) the stichopus japonicus is cultivated at the bottom of the water in a bottom sowing mode, the oysters are cultivated in the water in a hanging mode, the stichopus japonicus and the oysters are not in contact with each other, and the water body and the bottom space are fully utilized;
2) the thorns are involved in the three-dimensional comprehensive culture of the oysters, no large-scale seaweed is introduced, the propagation of microalgae in seawater and bottom mud is facilitated, and more high-quality food is provided for the sea cucumbers and the oysters while the water environment is maintained;
3) the thorns participate in the three-dimensional comprehensive cultivation of the oysters, and the oyster cultivation methods adopted by the thorns comprise a shed frame type, a rope extending type and a floating raft type;
the stichopus japonicus stereo comprehensive culture system is used for removing inorganic nutritive salt and organic matters in culture seawater and converting the inorganic nutritive salt and the organic matters into biomass of the oysters and the stichopus japonicus, so that the culture water area is self-purified and restored;
the device comprises a three-dimensional support, wherein two layers of culture areas are arranged at the upper part of the three-dimensional support, the lower layer is used for culturing the stichopus japonicus, the upper layer is used for culturing the oysters, the periphery of each layer of culture area is respectively surrounded by netting, a plurality of stichopus japonicus shelters are fixedly arranged on the netting at the bottom of the culture area, a plurality of longitudinal nettings are fixedly arranged between two opposite side nettings of the upper-layer oyster culture area, and a plurality of three-dimensional net bags are arranged on each longitudinal netting; a zipper opening is arranged on the netting on one side surface of each layer of culture area; placing an apostichopus japonicus shelter every 45cm in an apostichopus japonicus culture area, wherein the apostichopus japonicus shelter comprises a semicircular shelter body and baffles at two sides of the shelter body, the width of each baffle is 100cm, round holes with the diameter of 7cm are arranged on the shelter body, and the aperture of the netting surrounding the apostichopus japonicus culture area is 0.1 cm; the aperture of the net surrounding the periphery of the oyster cultivation area is 0.23 cm; 5 longitudinal net clothes are arranged in the oyster cultivation area, 12 net bags are arranged on each longitudinal net clothes, and bait casting is not needed in the whole cultivation process.
In the above embodiments 1 and 2, the selection of the pore size of the netting surrounding the periphery of each layer of culture area is very critical, i.e., the escape of the stichopus japonicus seedlings is prevented, and the stichopus japonicus seedlings are prevented from being sealed by bottom mud or fouling organisms to influence water flow exchange and food supply, and meanwhile, the proper pore size and device parameters are favorable for propagation of microalgae in seawater and bottom mud, so that more high-quality food is provided for sea cucumbers and oysters while the water environment is maintained.
Comparative example 1: a three-dimensional comprehensive cultivation method for stichopus japonicus and oysters adopts a seabed comprehensive cultivation device to carry out three-dimensional comprehensive cultivation on the stichopus japonicus and the oysters;
1) the stichopus japonicus is cultivated at the bottom of the water in a bottom sowing mode, the oysters are cultivated in the water in a hanging mode, the stichopus japonicus and the oysters are not in contact with each other, and the water body and the bottom space are fully utilized;
2) the thorns are involved in the three-dimensional comprehensive culture of the oysters, no large-scale seaweed is introduced, the propagation of microalgae in seawater and bottom mud is facilitated, and more high-quality food is provided for the sea cucumbers and the oysters while the water environment is maintained;
3) the thorns participate in the three-dimensional comprehensive cultivation of the oysters, and the oyster cultivation methods adopted by the thorns comprise a shed frame type, a rope extending type and a floating raft type;
4) the stichopus japonicus stereo comprehensive culture system is used for removing inorganic nutritive salt and organic matters in culture seawater and converting the inorganic nutritive salt and the organic matters into biomass of the oysters and the stichopus japonicus, so that the culture water area is self-purified and restored;
the device comprises a three-dimensional support, wherein two layers of culture areas are arranged at the upper part of the three-dimensional support, the lower layer is used for culturing the stichopus japonicus, the upper layer is used for culturing the oysters, the periphery of each layer of culture area is respectively surrounded by netting, a plurality of stichopus japonicus shelters are fixedly arranged on the netting at the bottom of the culture area, a plurality of longitudinal nettings are fixedly arranged between two opposite side nettings of the upper-layer oyster culture area, and a plurality of three-dimensional net bags are arranged on each longitudinal netting; a zipper opening is arranged on the netting on one side surface of each layer of culture area; placing an apostichopus japonicus shelter every 10-20cm in an apostichopus japonicus culture area, wherein the apostichopus japonicus shelter comprises a semicircular shelter body and baffles at two sides of the shelter body, the width of each baffle is 50cm, round holes with the diameter of 4cm are arranged on the shelter body, and the aperture of the netting surrounding the apostichopus japonicus culture area is 0.01 cm; the aperture of the net surrounding the periphery of the oyster cultivation area is 0.05 cm; 3 longitudinal net clothes are arranged in the oyster cultivation area, 18 net bags are arranged on each longitudinal net clothes, and bait casting is not needed in the whole cultivation process.
Comparative example 2: a three-dimensional comprehensive cultivation method for stichopus japonicus and oysters adopts a seabed comprehensive cultivation device to carry out three-dimensional comprehensive cultivation on the stichopus japonicus and the oysters;
1) the stichopus japonicus is cultivated at the bottom of the water in a bottom sowing mode, the oysters are cultivated in the water in a hanging mode, the stichopus japonicus and the oysters are not in contact with each other, and the water body and the bottom space are fully utilized;
2) the thorns are involved in the three-dimensional comprehensive culture of the oysters, no large-scale seaweed is introduced, the propagation of microalgae in seawater and bottom mud is facilitated, and more high-quality food is provided for the sea cucumbers and the oysters while the water environment is maintained;
3) the thorns participate in the three-dimensional comprehensive cultivation of the oysters, and the oyster cultivation methods adopted by the thorns comprise a shed frame type, a rope extending type and a floating raft type;
4) the stichopus japonicus stereo comprehensive culture system is used for removing inorganic nutritive salt and organic matters in culture seawater and converting the inorganic nutritive salt and the organic matters into biomass of the oysters and the stichopus japonicus, so that the culture water area is self-purified and restored;
the device comprises a three-dimensional support, wherein two layers of culture areas are arranged at the upper part of the three-dimensional support, the lower layer is used for culturing the stichopus japonicus, the upper layer is used for culturing the oysters, the periphery of each layer of culture area is respectively surrounded by netting, a plurality of stichopus japonicus shelters are fixedly arranged on the netting at the bottom of the culture area, a plurality of longitudinal nettings are fixedly arranged between two opposite side nettings of the upper-layer oyster culture area, and a plurality of three-dimensional net bags are arranged on each longitudinal netting; a zipper opening is arranged on the netting on one side surface of each layer of culture area; placing an apostichopus japonicus shelter every 10-20cm in an apostichopus japonicus culture area, wherein the apostichopus japonicus shelter comprises a semicircular shelter body and baffles at two sides of the shelter body, the width of each baffle is 150cm, round holes with the diameter of 12cm are arranged on the shelter body, and the aperture of the netting surrounding the apostichopus japonicus culture area is 0.15 cm; the aperture of the net surrounding the periphery of the oyster cultivation area is 0.4 cm; 1 longitudinal net is arranged in the oyster cultivation area, 50 net bags are arranged on each longitudinal net, and bait casting is not needed in the whole cultivation process.
The concrete breeding test is as follows:
the initial specification of the stichopus japonicus used in the experiment is 50.29 +/-2.5 g (wet weight); the initial specification of the oyster is wet weight: 60.97 + -4.25 g. In the season (11 months) with proper water temperature, the zipper is opened, Stichopus japonicus is placed in the bottom layer, and Concha Ostreae are respectively placed in the net bag. 100 oysters are cultured on the upper layer, and 30 stichopus japonicus heads are cultured on the lower layer, which are respectively equivalent to 42 oysters and 8 stichopus japonicus heads cultured per square meter. The diver assists in securing the integrated culture device to the sea floor.
After 4 months of cultivation, the average wet weight of the oysters in the example 1 is increased by 140.68 +/-0.5 g, the specification of the average stichopus japonicus reaches 105.2 +/-5.5 g, and the survival rate is 96%.
The average wet weight of the oysters in example 2 is increased by 128.38 +/-0.5 g, the specification of the average stichopus japonicus is already 97.8 +/-5.5 g, and the survival rate is 94%.
The average wet weight of the oysters in the comparative example 1 is increased by 90.68 +/-0.5 g, the specification of the average stichopus japonicus reaches 70.2 +/-5.5 g, and the survival rate is 85 percent.
The average wet weight of the oysters in the comparative example 2 is increased by 75.68 +/-0.5 g, the specification of the average stichopus japonicus reaches 67.2 +/-5.5 g, and the survival rate is 80 percent.
The experimental data result shows that the stichopus japonicus and oyster three-dimensional comprehensive culture system facility can well intercept water particulate matters, so that high-quality food of the stichopus japonicus and the oysters can be effectively adhered to a net, the growth and survival of the stichopus japonicus and the oysters are improved, and the space is fully utilized by structural design. The culture facility can fully utilize the space of the water layer due to time and land, and realize a three-dimensional and ecological comprehensive culture mode. Meanwhile, the invention can purify the water quality of the sea bottom and provide a good environment for the adhesion and growth of the stichopus japonicus; improves the quality of the products of the stichopus japonicus and the oysters, and is beneficial to realizing the habitat restoration and the comprehensive utilization of sea areas.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A three-dimensional comprehensive cultivation method for stichopus japonicus and oysters is characterized by comprising the following steps: adopting a seabed comprehensive cultivation device to perform three-dimensional comprehensive cultivation of stichopus japonicus and oysters;
1) the stichopus japonicus is cultivated at the bottom of the water in a bottom sowing mode, the oysters are cultivated in the water in a hanging mode, the stichopus japonicus and the oysters are not in contact with each other, and the water body and the bottom space are fully utilized;
2) the thorns are involved in the three-dimensional comprehensive culture of the oysters, no large-scale seaweed is introduced, the propagation of microalgae in seawater and bottom mud is facilitated, and more high-quality food is provided for the sea cucumbers and the oysters while the water environment is maintained;
3) the thorns participate in the three-dimensional comprehensive cultivation of the oysters, and the oyster cultivation methods adopted by the thorns comprise a shed frame type, a rope extending type and a floating raft type;
4) the stichopus japonicus stereo comprehensive aquaculture system removes inorganic nutritive salts and organic matters in aquaculture seawater, and converts the inorganic nutritive salts and the organic matters into oyster and stichopus japonicus biomass, so that the aquaculture water area is self-purified and repaired;
the device comprises a three-dimensional support, wherein two layers of culture areas are arranged at the upper part of the three-dimensional support, the lower layer is used for culturing the stichopus japonicus, the upper layer is used for culturing the oysters, the periphery of each layer of culture area is respectively surrounded by netting, a plurality of stichopus japonicus shelters are fixedly arranged on the netting at the bottom of the culture area, a plurality of longitudinal nettings are fixedly arranged between two opposite side nettings of the upper-layer oyster culture area, and a plurality of three-dimensional net bags are arranged on each longitudinal netting; a zipper opening is arranged on the netting on one side surface of each layer of culture area; placing an apostichopus japonicus shelter every 30-45cm in an apostichopus japonicus culture area, wherein the apostichopus japonicus shelter comprises a semicircular shelter body and baffles at two sides of the shelter body, the width of each baffle is 100cm, round holes with the diameter of 7cm are arranged on the shelter body, and the aperture of the netting surrounding the apostichopus japonicus culture area is about 0.05-0.1 cm; the aperture of the net surrounding the periphery of the oyster cultivation area is about 0.1-0.23 cm; 3-5 longitudinal net clothes are arranged in the oyster cultivation area, and 12-18 net bags are arranged on each longitudinal net clothes.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the whole culture process does not need to feed.
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