CN108821437B - An ecological tower for treating eutrophic water body and its application - Google Patents
An ecological tower for treating eutrophic water body and its application Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于治理富营养水体的生态塔及应用，在每个滤池单体中播殖底栖软体动物，将富营养水体作为进水从进水口泵入，进水通过进水管的喷水孔流入各个滤池单体中，然后滤池单体中的水在经过过滤介质层后从各个滤池单体的溢流堰流至盛水池中，从采收口采收各个滤池单体中的底栖软体动物并补加新的底栖软体动物，检测盛水池中水质，当叶绿素a浓度小于10μg/L，达标排放，否则再次作为进水泵入生态塔。本发明生态塔的安放简便、层数组装灵活，既可以在池塘、河流的岸边固定化安装，也可以用船载方式在湖区内移动式处理，方便采收。在用地紧张而有支架条件下，可以最高叠加到10～15层，有效利用空间，最大化处理能力。The invention discloses an ecological tower for treating eutrophic water body and its application. Benthic mollusks are sown in each filter cell, and the eutrophic water body is pumped from the water inlet as influent water, and the influent water passes through the inlet and outlet. The water spray holes of the water pipes flow into each filter unit, and then the water in the filter unit flows from the overflow weir of each filter unit to the water holding tank after passing through the filter medium layer. The benthic mollusks in the single filter tank are supplemented with new benthic mollusks, and the water quality in the holding tank is tested. When the concentration of chlorophyll a is less than 10 μg/L, it is discharged up to the standard. Otherwise, it is pumped into the ecological tower as the influent water again. The ecological tower of the invention is easy to install and flexible to assemble the layers, and can be fixedly installed on the banks of ponds and rivers, or can be transported in the lake area by means of boats, which is convenient for harvesting. Under the condition of tight land and support, it can be stacked up to 10 to 15 layers, effectively using space and maximizing processing capacity.
Description
(I) technical field
The invention relates to an ecological tower for treating eutrophic water and application thereof.
(II) background of the invention
Due to strong sunshine in summer, algae in eutrophic surface water bodies (rivers, ponds, lakes and the like) are excessively propagated, a food chain of a series of heterotrophs is rapidly developed along with the excessive propagation of the algae, and plankton on the surface layer of the water body has high density, is ecologically active and greatly increases oxygen consumption. And the bottom of the water body is gradually anaerobic due to lack of illumination and dissolved oxygen, and benthos die. Benthos is an important link of water ecological substance circulation, submerged algae are important sources for generating oxygen through water photosynthesis, and benthos such as snail, mussel and shellfish feed on plankton and are important algae feeders except filter-feeding fishes (silver carps, bighead carps and the like). The dissolved oxygen at the bottom of the water body is reduced, the living environment of benthos is worsened, the biomass is reduced, and the organic matter conversion capability of the benthos is weakened or even disappears. The importance of benthonic mollusks on water environment ecology is reviewed in 2010 by nepheline chenifolia and the like, and the current situations of domestic research and application of artificial breeding of benthonic organisms to restoration of water ecology are collected.
Therefore, the core of the problem of water quality deterioration and odor of the eutrophic water body is that the production capacity of the organic matters in the water body is greatly increased under the comprehensive conditions of proper temperature, high plant nutrient content such as nitrogen and phosphorus and strong illumination. The ecological activity on the surface of the water body leads to the deterioration of the living environment of benthos, and the capability of converting organic matters in the water body is inhibited or completely destroyed. Organic matters synthesized on the surface layer of the water body can not be effectively converted, and are deposited at the bottom of the water body to be seriously accumulated and decayed, so that the ecology of the water body is seriously damaged on the whole.
Aiming at the situation that the benthic biological activity is insufficient under the eutrophication state of the water body, a plurality of improved technical schemes are proposed by predecessors. Such as army, Liu Ji, Zhang, etc., all propose artificial breeding of benthic mollusks, or ecological restoration schemes combining submerged plants with benthic mollusks. However, the technical schemes are all to carry out in-situ remediation in the water body, are limited by natural conditions of the water body, particularly the growth density of the benthonic mollusks, and the total amount of the benthonic organisms growing on the limited river bed and lake bed areas is limited, so that the biomass put in manually is limited. For the water body in the state of oxygen deficiency, the manual feeding of benthos is not meaningful, and the death and rot can further aggravate the water body pollution.
Disclosure of the invention
The invention aims to provide an ecological tower for treating eutrophic water and application thereof, which combines an ectopic treatment scheme combining a filter bed and benthic mollusk culture, weakens the growth of algae, artificially sets the living environment of benthic mollusks, recovers and strengthens the organic matter conversion capacity of the water, and simultaneously plays a role in solving the problem of excessive accumulation of algae and plankton in the eutrophic water.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides an ecological tower for treating eutrophic water, which comprises a filter tank, a water containing tank and a water inlet pipe; the filter tank is arranged in a water containing tank, and the water containing tank is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet; the filter is formed by stacking a plurality of filter monomers from bottom to top (a light shielding environment is formed in each filter monomer to reduce or avoid photosynthesis), a harvesting port with a sealing cover and a drain valve are arranged on the side surface of the bottom end of each filter monomer, an overflow weir (preferably a triangular weir) is arranged on the upper edge of each filter monomer, and a filter medium layer is arranged on the inner wall of each filter monomer by the overflow weir; the inlet tube runs through the filtering pond and with each filtering pond monomer sealing connection, the inlet tube tip passes through the pipeline intercommunication with the water inlet that is equipped with the intake pump, the inlet tube is equipped with the hole for water spraying, the hole for water spraying number is by supreme increasing progressively down.
Furthermore, solar panels are arranged on the top of the ecological tower and the illumination surface of the ecological tower and used for generating electricity and supplying water pumps.
Furthermore, the filter is formed by stacking 3-15 filter monomers from bottom to top.
Furthermore, the area of each filter pool monomer overflow weir notch is matched with the area of the filter pool monomer water spraying hole, the lowest position of the water spraying hole is used as a boundary, the overflow notch is not higher than the lowest position of the water spraying hole, and the increasing amplitude of the water spraying hole is 8-10.
The kinetic energy of the water flow is converted into the gravitational potential energy of 0.5mv from bottom to top2＝mgh。
The ecological tower has 8 layers, the water flow speed sprayed from the water spraying hole at the bottom layer is 6m/s, the number of the holes is 20, and the water outlet flow speed of each layer of water spraying holes from bottom to top is v1，v2，v3，v4，v5，v6，v7，v8。
The height difference between the bottom layer and the top layer is 0.2 x (8-1) ═ 1.4m, according to the formula 0.5mv2Mgh, kinetic energy loss mgh m 9.8 m 1.4m 13.72m, yielding 0.5(v ═ m1 2-v8 2)＝13.72，v16m/s, get v8＝2.9m/s。
V can be obtained by the same method7＝3.5m/s，v6＝4.0m/s，v5＝4.5m/s，v4＝4.9m/s，v3＝5.3m/s，v2＝5.7m/s。
The single-layer water spray quantity Q ═ S (total area of each layer of water spray holes) × v (water outlet speed of each layer of water spray holes) × t (water spray time)
Because the aperture of each water spraying hole is the same and the total water spraying amount of each layer is basically consistent, the water outlet speed of the water spraying holes of each layer is inversely proportional to the number of the water spraying holes of each layer, and the water spraying holes are combined with the kinetic energy of the counter water in the pipeThe compensation of the road loss is realized, and the number of the water spraying holes of each layer is increased properly. Therefore, the number of the water spraying holes of each layer is n from bottom to top in sequence1＝20，n2＝22，n3＝23，n4＝25，n5＝27，n6＝32，n7＝35，n8＝42。
Further, the filter medium layer is sponge or filter cloth, and comprises filter cloth type filter materials made of natural sponge, foamed cotton, shaped cotton, rubber cotton, memory cotton, terylene, polypropylene fiber, nylon, vinylon, all cotton and the like; and the sand core filter material is characterized in that the filter medium layer covers the inner wall of the single overflow weir of the filter tank, and the width of the filter medium layer is greater than the height of a notch of the overflow weir.
Further, the depth of the water containing pool is lower than that of the filter pool monomer.
Furthermore, the depth of the filter monomer is 8-10 cm.
The invention also provides an application method of the ecological tower for treating the eutrophic water body, which comprises the following steps: and (2) sowing benthonic mollusks in each filter monomer, pumping eutrophic water serving as inlet water into each filter monomer from a water inlet, allowing the inlet water to flow into each filter monomer through a water spraying hole of a water inlet pipe, allowing the water in each filter monomer to flow into a water containing tank from an overflow weir of each filter monomer after passing through a filter medium layer, harvesting the benthonic mollusks in each filter monomer from a harvesting port, supplementing new benthonic mollusks, detecting the water quality in the water containing tank, and when the concentration of chlorophyll a is less than 10 mug/L, discharging the water up to the standard, or pumping the water serving as the inlet water into the ecological tower again.
Further, the benthic mollusk is a freshwater shellfish, including corbicula fluminea, algae eating insect, conch, apple snail and other algae eating snail; silver carp, black line flying fox and other fishes; crayfish, and the like.
The cultivation area is increased by multilayer superposition, which is a common technical means in aquaculture, such as the research institute of water-saving and obstetrics in Jiangxi, which provides a suspension cage device for cultivating Corbicula fluminea. But the device is still suspended in natural water, and the lower part of the suspension cage is immersed in the deep water, so that the device is only suitable for cleaning the water. For eutrophic waters deficient in oxygen, the deep water areas are not suitable for mollusc survival.
The existing method is in-situ treatment, namely adding aquatic organisms into eutrophic water body for biological treatment and the like. The existing method can only treat the symptoms and cannot treat the root causes, because the aquatic organisms added into the eutrophic water body convert elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus into the biomass of the aquatic organisms even if the algae are removed. If the aquatic organisms are not timely harvested or removed (generally, managers lack the step), nitrogen and phosphorus elements return to the water body from the organisms after the aquatic organisms die and decay, and then the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body is increased.
The method of the present invention is ectopic treatment, and the water of eutrophic water is transferred into the device, and the retained algae are consumed by the algae-feeding animals in the device and are converted into the biomass of the algae. Then the purpose of removing nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the water body is achieved by collecting the algae-eating animals in the device. In addition, the harvested algae-eating animal can be used for feeding birds, amphibians and the like, or a three-dimensional ecological wetland park is constructed, and the algae-eating animal is fed back to the natural environment, so that a substitute raw material is provided for rapid decline of the current ecological environment of the birds, the amphibians and the like. Thereby forming an ecological closed loop.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the filtering pool monomer of the invention adopts the physical modes of central tube water inlet, peripheral overflow water outlet, radial flow sedimentation and filtration and interception before water outlet to remove algae, zooplankton and the like in water. The trapped algae are subjected to ecological transformation in the tray by the cultured benthic soft organisms, the harvested benthic soft organisms have economic value, and the resource utilization of the algae over-proliferated in the eutrophic water body is realized. It is known that the growth of algae is an exponential growth pattern under conditions of suitable nutrition, temperature and light. The surface water is pumped into the filter tank, the proliferated algae are physically intercepted in time, the density of the algae in the surface water is controlled at a lower concentration, and the explosive proliferation phenomenon of the algae in the surface water body can be eliminated. The algae trapped in the single filter chamber are not proliferated any more because the stacked frame of the single filter chamber shields light and leaves the illumination environment. The water depth of the filter tank monomer is 8-10cm, even if algae and plankton with higher concentration are intercepted, and the photosynthesis is stronger after stopping, the respiration action is stronger, and oxygen deficiency is caused, the oxygen can be easily oxygenated through the flowing of water and the oxygen concentration diffusion, and the oxygen supply of benthic soft organisms is ensured. The bait has low illumination, no natural enemies, proper artificial water flow speed, rich algae and other baits, creates a good living environment for the benthonic mollusks, and can effectively exert the biomass conversion capability. A plurality of filter tank monomers are stacked to form a multi-layer ecological tower, only a small amount of land is occupied, multiple or more than ten times of mollusk culture area is provided, and the limitation of relatively fixing the bottom area of a natural water body is broken through. The biological tower is simple and convenient to place, flexible in layer number assembly, capable of being fixedly installed on the shore of ponds and rivers and capable of being movably processed in a lake area in a ship-borne mode. Under the loose condition of area, can conveniently gather with the stack of 3~ 5 layers. Under the condition that the land is tense and has a support, the device can be superposed to 10-15 layers at most, so that the space is effectively utilized, and the processing capacity is maximized.
(IV) description of the drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an ecological tower for remediating a eutrophic water body in accordance with the present invention; 1-solar panel, 2-filter, 3-water inlet, 4-water outlet.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single filter tank, 5-a water inlet pipe, 6-a filter medium, 7-an overflow weir, 8-a drain valve, 9-a water spray hole and 10-a sampling port.
(V) detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto:
example 1
Referring to fig. 1-2, the ecological tower for treating eutrophic water body of the present invention comprises a filter tank 2, a water holding tank 11 and a water inlet pipe 5; the filter tank is arranged in a water containing tank, and the water containing tank is provided with a water inlet 3 and a water outlet 4; the filter is formed by stacking 8 filter monomers from bottom to top to form a light shielding environment, a harvesting port 10 with a sealing cover and a drain valve 8 are arranged on the side surface of the bottom end of each filter monomer, an overflow triangular weir 7 is arranged on the upper edge of each filter monomer, and a filter medium layer 6 is arranged on the inner wall of each filter monomer by the overflow triangular weir; the inlet tube runs through the filtering pond and with each filtering pond monomer sealing connection, the inlet tube tip passes through the pipeline intercommunication with the water inlet 3 that is equipped with the intake pump, inlet tube 5 is equipped with hole for water spraying 9, hole for water spraying number is by supreme increasing progressively down.
The kinetic energy of the water flow is converted into the gravitational potential energy of 0.5mv from bottom to top2＝mgh。
The ecological tower has 8 layers, the water flow speed sprayed from the water spraying hole at the bottom layer is 6m/s, the number of the holes is 20, and the water outlet flow speed of each layer of water spraying holes from bottom to top is v1，v2，v3，v4，v5，v6，v7，v8。
The height difference between the bottom layer and the top layer is 0.2 x (8-1) ═ 1.4m, according to the formula 0.5mv2Mgh, kinetic energy loss mgh m 9.8 m 1.4m 13.72m, yielding 0.5(v ═ m1 2-v8 2)＝13.72，v16m/s, get v8＝2.9m/s。
V can be obtained by the same method7＝3.5m/s，v6＝4.0m/s，v5＝4.5m/s，v4＝4.9m/s，v3＝5.3m/s，v2＝5.7m/s。
The single-layer water spray quantity Q ═ S (total area of each layer of water spray holes) × v (water outlet speed of each layer of water spray holes) × t (water spray time)
Because the aperture of each water spraying hole is the same and the total water spraying amount of each layer is basically consistent, the water outlet speed of the water spraying holes of each layer is inversely proportional to the number of the water spraying holes of each layer, and the number of the water spraying holes of each layer is properly increased by combining the compensation of the water kinetic energy in the pipeline. Therefore, the number of the water spraying holes of each layer is n from bottom to top in sequence1＝20，n2＝22，n3＝23，n4＝25，n5＝27，n6＝32，n7＝35，n8＝42。
And the top of the ecological tower and the illumination surface of the ecological tower are provided with solar panels 1 for generating electricity and supplying water inlet pumps. The filter medium is sponge, covers the inner wall of the single overflow weir of the filter, and has a width larger than the height of the notch of the overflow weir.
Yellow is sown in each filter tank monomer6000 clams, the single breeding area is 12m2Pumping the algae-rich water as inlet water with daily treated water amount of 80m3The inflow water flows into each filter unit through the water spray holes of the water inlet pipe, then the water in each filter unit flows into the water containing tank from the overflow weir after passing through the filter medium layer of each filter unit, the corbicula fluminea in each filter unit is collected from the collection port every 10 days, new corbicula fluminea is added (after the high temperature in autumn passes and the ecological tower stops running, all corbicula fluminea in the filter tank are collected), the water quality in the water containing tank is detected, when the concentration of chlorophyll a is less than 10 mu g/L, the emission reaches the standard, otherwise, the water is pumped into the ecological tower as the inflow water again.
The experiment carries out preliminary test on the algae removal capacity of corbicula fluminea, and the algae rich in the inlet water is the only food source of corbicula fluminea. The concentration of the algae is represented by the concentration of chlorophyll a in the experiment, the concentration of chlorophyll a in inlet water is chla at 68.6ug/L, the concentration of chlorophyll a in outlet water is chla at 6.1ug/L, and the physical retention rate of the sponge on the algae is 91.1%. Experiments show that corbicula fluminea is cultured on a small scale, and the culture area of corbicula fluminea in the water treatment module is 600cm2The daily water treatment amount is 50L, and after the corbicula fluminea is cultured under the condition for 28 days, 40 corbicula fluminea survive for 30, and the survival rate is 75 percent. Combining the experimental data, the biological treatment capacity of the corbicula fluminea on the algae in the experiment is 22.05ugchla/(g corbicula fluminea day). According to the experiment, the Corbicula fluminea suitable cultivation density of 400-500 Corbicula fluminea/m in the experimental water treatment area is obtained2With such a ratio, the algae treatment capacity of a unit area of the treatment unit is 31000-39000 ugchla/(m)2Treatment unit day). The unit area of the treatment unit has the treatment capacity of 0.84m for eutrophic landscape sewage with similar algae concentration3Sewage/(m)2Treatment unit day).
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| CN102674558A (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2012-09-19 | 湖南大学 | Integrated type ecological floating bed and water body ecological system repairing technology thereof |
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