CN101720694A

CN101720694A - Device and method for breeding sea cucumbers in bathyal half-hanging floating rafts and cages

Info

Publication number: CN101720694A
Application number: CN200910209786A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 敖志辉
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2008-10-28
Filing date: 2009-10-27
Publication date: 2010-06-09

Abstract

The invention provides a device and a method for breeding sea cucumbers in bathyal half-hanging floating rafts and cages, and relates to the fishery-seawater floating raft and cage breeding. The existing shellfish breeding apparatus such as floating rafts, cages and the like are utilized to breed sea cucumbers through slight adjustment and modification. Large-scale high-density breeding of single shellfishes in a long term causes series problems such as reduction of nutriment, unsmooth water flow and frequent occurrences of disease and insect pest in partial breeding sea areas of Liaoning province; the low-quality shellfish and large-scale paroxysmal death of the shellfish increase the cost and risk of seawater shellfish breeding. According to the invention, by utilizing the existing shellfish breeding apparatus such as floating rafts, cages and the like through slight adjustment and modification, the cages are sunk to the seabed during the low tide and can be separated from the seabed during the high tide. Organisms such as a plurality of shells and bacteria deposited at the seabed of the shellfish breeding area are all the main bait of the sea cucumbers. The device and the method have the advantages of preventing environment pollution, saving energy and labor, greatly increasing efficiency, and providing new technology and development direction for the alternate culture and mixed culture of sea cucumbers and shellfish.

Description

A kind of apparatus and method of breeding sea cucumber in bathyal half-hanging buoyant raft net cage

Technical field

The present invention relates to fishery seawater buoyancy raft net cage culture, be that the buoyant raft that utilizes existing cultivated shellfish, cylinder mould etc. are cultured utensil, change by less adjustment, form a kind of device of culturing sea cucumber, and utilize this device to culture sea cucumber in sea area or other sea area with good conditionsi of cultivated shellfish.

Technical background

China marine site is vast, and the mariculture development is swift and violent, and cultured output occupies first of the world, and wherein shellfish culture accounts for more than 75% of gross yield.The shellfish culture of long-term large scale and high density single variety, culture the marine site in major parts such as Liaoning and cause disruption of ecological balance, the breed cylinder mould of this large scale and high density is given mussel and is adhered to and life condition for main fouling organism provides, cause that seawater nutrient descends, current are smooth, severe contamination is cultured the sea area, cause damage by disease and insect to take place frequently.Low and the large-area sudden death of quality shellfish improves the marine shellfish aquaculture cost, and risk increases.Changhai County, Liaoning Province, shellfish culture base with China's maximum is an example, 1-6 month seawater aquaculture output had fallen 33.8% on a year-on-year basis in 2008, the smooth shellfish of the shrimp second half year is cultured lethality and surpasses 40%, the smooth shellfish cumulative mortality of shrimp (to October) in 2009 surpasses 80%, and sustainable development has proposed stern challenge to the ecotope of reality to shellfish culture.

Summary of the invention

The adjustment breed variety of how to prevent and treat environmental pollution, economize on resources, suiting measures to local conditions utilizes existing marine resources, and becoming inferior position is the new problem that mariculture industry faces into advantage.The invention provides a kind of apparatus and method of breeding sea cucumber in bathyal half-hanging buoyant raft net cage, it can make full use of existing resource and realize mariculture energy-saving and environmental protection, saving of labor under the prerequisite of sustainable development, significantly synergy.

The technical scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention is adopted is: it is stretching and prop up with bamboo pole to have the cylinder mould of cultivated shellfish now, on each dividing plate of cylinder mould, make a call to two circular holes in advance, pack in cage sea (children) ginseng, connect the raft body by the buoyancy rope above the cylinder mould, raft face is on one's body formed a kind of device by lifting rope connection buoyant spheres, this device is in the time of low water, the buoyancy rope adds the length of lifting rope greater than the distance of sea to the seabed, the distinguishing feature of this apparatus and method is, can sink to the seabed fully at the time of low water cylinder mould, cylinder mould can completely or partially break away from the seabed when full sea.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the control environmental pollution, make rational use of resources, saving of labor, energy-conservation promotes to culture the marine site ecological balance.Experiment shows, culture sea cucumber with this device, its survival rate all exceeds much than other any way (no bait seawater holothruian cultures), its economic benefit is more than the several times of shellfish culture, produced unforeseeable technique effect, for shellfish culture and holothruian cultures samsara from now on alternately development or mixed breed new technical scheme is provided, represented a kind of development trend of new technology.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is when different tidal level, the residing location status schematic diagram of cylinder mould.(1) be that buoyant spheres, (2) are that buoyancy rope, (3) are that raft body, (4) are that lifting rope, (5) are that cylinder mould, (6) are that sandbag, (7) are bamboo pole (rods).A, B, C represent the position on full sea, half tide, time of low water sea respectively, and D represents the position in seabed.

Fig. 1-1 represents the time of low water, and cylinder mould sinks to the state in seabed fully.

When Fig. 1-2 represented half tide, cylinder mould partly sank to the state in seabed.

During Fig. 1-3 expression full sea, cylinder mould breaks away from the state in seabed fully.

Fig. 2 is the left view of Fig. 1-3.

Fig. 3 is improved cylinder mould dividing plate, processes two big holes on original cylinder mould dividing plate.

Embodiment

Adjust raft body and the buoyancy rope and the lifting rope length of buoyant raft by above-mentioned Fig. 1, make it can be in the time of low water, the buoyancy rope adds the length of lifting rope greater than the distance of sea to the seabed, guarantee that cylinder mould can sink to the seabed fully, (as Fig. 1-1) when half tide or full sea, cylinder mould can partially or completely break away from seabed (as Fig. 1-2,1-3).

The concrete length of buoyancy rope and lifting rope is relevant with the quality in seabed, and buoyancy rope and lifting rope are short at the bottom of the silt, prevent that cylinder mould from being sticked by silt, otherwise husky mud spacer screen cage is difficult for can suitably being increased the length of buoyancy rope and lifting rope by sunken.Containing the needed a large number of nutrients of sea cucumber in the silt, is the main food source of sea cucumber growth, should guarantee to allow cylinder mould how stop in the seabed under the prerequisite that cylinder mould is not sticked by silt as much as possible.

Under the effect of trend, cylinder mould always is kept in motion in the seabed and twice change every day direction of motion, and this provides condition for the large-area food that obtains of sea cucumber, and this motion can prevent that also cylinder mould from being sticked by silt.Cylinder mould is not all to break away from the seabed every day, and only otherwise sticked by silt, the time that cylinder mould stops in the seabed can prolong a couple of days, and the news of adhering to living just break away from the seabed when rising by spring tide, allow trend rinse out sea cucumber too much on the cylinder mould and unwanted foreign material.Cylinder mould is not only done horizontal movement in the seabed, also can move up and down under the effect of wave, and when wave formed on the sea, buoyant spheres can raise by wave, and this motion also can make the cylinder mould part or all of seabed that breaks away from of moment sometimes.

Cylinder mould is stretching, again two bamboo poles (rod) are fixed together with cotton rope and cylinder mould, make cylinder mould keep propping up state.Can suitably on cylinder mould, increase the quantity of bamboo pole at the bottom of the lax especially mud or adopt thicker bamboo pole,, make it to be slightly larger than the proportion of seawater,, make it to be difficult for poaching to alleviate the pressure of cylinder mould integral body (comprising sea cucumber) to the seabed to adjust the whole proportion of cylinder mould.

Make a call to two circular holes for 1.5～2 times of (results) diameter when the cylinder mould dividing plate of original shellfish culture is come out of steamer by sea cucumber, also can order the cylinder mould that satisfies above-mentioned condition separately.Two circular holes be for make sea cucumber can be in cylinder mould easy on and off current, ingest and activity is provided convenience to sea cucumber.

Hang sandbag (6) in the cylinder mould bottom, prevent that impacting lower net cage in trend too drifts about.

According to the individual size of culturing sea cucumber, adjust the distance between the cylinder mould dividing plate, select the suitable etting of mesh, seedling can not be escaped from from mesh, harmful natural enemy can not enter cylinder mould from mesh.

In each cylinder mould dividing plate, place (shabby mesh bag) net sheet, be convenient to that sea cucumber adheres to and can stop undue sea cucumber, the strenuous exercise that alleviates cylinder mould of directly impacting of trend.As long-term breed (forming), can regularly clean the sea cucumber excreta on (mesh bag) net sheet.

Determine cultivation density according to the sea area natural environment, there is the breed sea area of enriching food resource in the seabed, cultivation density more greatly, otherwise then littler.General sea area through long-term shellfish culture, the seabed food resource is all abundanter, all is the fabulous food of sea cucumber as each bacterioid in the silt, various animals and plants corpse chip, shell fragment etc., and this type of is cultured each raft of sea area and hangs 50-60 cylinder mould.Under the trend influence, cylinder mould moves in the seabed, prevent that cylinder mould and cylinder mould from twining mutually, and the length of lifting rope is short as far as possible.

To select not bait throwing in be condition, children's ginseng that breed in the middle of marine, about the long 2-3cm of body, and putting 5-6 head (15 layers of dividing plate) every plate does not have bait throwing in and culture, and the length of adjustment buoyancy rope in good time in breeding process can promote that sea cucumber grows fast.Culturing the sea area with the smooth shellfish of shrimp is example, and the general depth of water is all more than 10 meters, and there is a fixed difference difference in Various Seasonal sea and seabed, and the summer high-temperature phase much more as far as possible to allow cylinder mould stop in the seabed.Spring and early summer marine organisms active, water temperature suitable, cylinder mould can be improved, that has a mind to allows various marine organisms such as young shellfish attached on the cylinder mould, replenishes how natural organic nutrient substance to sea cucumber.

If select seedling under autumn end, can hang on the buoyant raft at the opening cylinder mould sky that prop up bamboo pole (rod) summer, allow and overwork attachment inside and outside the cylinder mould, to the certain natural organic bait of sea cucumber deposit, but during toward the interior dress of cylinder mould seedling, harmful animal things such as the fish in the cylinder mould, crab, starfish be removed, behind the sea cucumber seedling of packing into, cylinder mould is sewed up with cotton rope, can effectively be prevented the invasion of sea cucumber harmful animals such as fish, crab and starfish.

Sea cucumber is an omnivore, can hang oneself at the lifting rope at cylinder mould top in marine site with good conditionsi and to support some green plantss, as sea-tangle, undaria pinnitafida etc. (specifically can with reference to the cultural method of sea-tangle and undaria pinnitafida), sea-tangle or the undaria pinnitafida company's rope (band root) selecting will grow into suitable opportunity about 1 meter are transplanted on the lifting rope at cylinder mould top, and allow the blade in growing can contact as much as possible near to cylinder mould, make sea cucumber that the chance of feed also be arranged under the cylinder mould suspended state.To more shallow, be fit to the marine site of sargassum, the growth of mouse tail algae, can be suitably like sargassum and this two plant species of mouse tail algae of eating the bottom culture sea cucumber.

Holothruian cultures through one-period (2-3), the marine eco-environment is improved, the nutriment that shellfish needs is restored, again a part of platform raft is implemented shellfish culture, in certain sea area, realize sea cucumber and shellfish with supporting, can under the prerequisite of marine ecology balance, make the healthy nuisanceless growth of two kinds of material cultures like this, reach resource and rationally utilize, to promote the sustainable development of seawater buoyancy raft net cage culture with the breed utensil.Experiment showed, that the economic benefit that produces with this apparatus and method breed sea cucumber is more than the several times of buoyant raft shellfish culture, support temporarily in the middle of being particularly suitable for.With the area, Dalian is example, mid-October, following 2-3 centimetre sea cucumber seedling can grow to 4-5 centimetre the next year 5-6 month, owing to there is not harmful animal (this time period do not have immature harmful organisms can enter cylinder mould sea cucumber is constituted a threat to), the seabed nutriment is abundant, water temperature is fit to the sea cucumber growth, and survival rate can reach more than the 90%-95%, broadcasts or stable breeding at the bottom of can directly going to the seabed this moment, the centre does not need any manual operation and any expense, and every raft of suitable operation can have a net gain 5000 yuan.As continue to form, need the bigger cylinder mould of fall the cage replacings mesh also to clean interior (mesh bag) net sheet of cylinder mould, in all processes of cage, particularly the cylinder mould exiting water process must slowly carry out, handle with care, must not too startle sea cucumber.In a single day sea cucumber is subjected to serious scaring, and the intestines that can spue cause poor growth in the future.

Preventing and kill off of stained thing will consume lot of manpower and material resources on the shellfish culture cylinder mould, annual artificial cage and manually the cleaning on the bank that will carry out 2-3 time between mature stage to cylinder mould, stained thing can cause severe contamination to the sea area in all processes that cleans, ship repeatedly comes and goes operation need consume a large amount of diesel oil, holothruian cultures then antithesis, attached to the stained thing on the cylinder mould is the fabulous natural bait of sea cucumber, need not cylinder mould is manually cleaned, and greatly reduces aquaculture cost.

This technical scheme is compared with single shellfish buoyancy raft net cage culture, can prevent and treat environmental pollution, and energy-conservation, synergy has produced unforeseeable technique effect, has represented a kind of development trend of new technology.

Claims

1. the apparatus and method of a breeding sea cucumber in bathyal half-hanging buoyant raft net cage, the cylinder mould of existing cultivated shellfish is stretching and prop up with bamboo pole, on each dividing plate of cylinder mould, make a call to two circular holes in advance, pack in cage sea (children) ginseng, connect the raft body by the buoyancy rope above the cylinder mould, raft face is on one's body formed a kind of device by lifting rope connection buoyant spheres, this device is in the time of low water, the buoyancy rope adds the length of lifting rope greater than the distance of sea to the seabed, it is characterized in that: can sink to the seabed fully at the time of low water cylinder mould, cylinder mould can completely or partially break away from the seabed when full sea.

2. the apparatus and method of a kind of breeding sea cucumber in bathyal half-hanging buoyant raft net cage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: two bamboo poles (rod) are arranged on the cylinder mould after the change, be fixed together with cotton rope and cylinder mould, make cylinder mould be in the state of propping up.

3. the apparatus and method of a kind of breeding sea cucumber in bathyal half-hanging buoyant raft net cage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: two big holes are arranged on the cylinder mould dividing plate after the change.