CN105494181B - The stichopus japonicus pond segmented polyculture method that avoidable macro is spread unchecked - Google Patents
The stichopus japonicus pond segmented polyculture method that avoidable macro is spread unchecked Download PDFInfo
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- CN105494181B CN105494181B CN201510875792.1A CN201510875792A CN105494181B CN 105494181 B CN105494181 B CN 105494181B CN 201510875792 A CN201510875792 A CN 201510875792A CN 105494181 B CN105494181 B CN 105494181B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of stichopus japonicus pond segmented polyculture method that avoidable macro is spread unchecked, and carries out in accordance with the following steps: launching juvenile stichopus to stichopus japonicus pond in the usual way every year；Annual spring and at least 14 DEG C of pond water temperature, basket fry kind is launched to stichopus japonicus pond；Annual autumn and water temperature is at 18 DEG C or less, to stichopus japonicus pond dispensing Strongylocentrotus intermedius seed；The quantity that the medium-and-large-sized algae in stichopus japonicus pond need to be monitored when cultivation feeds macro when the quantity of macro is less than the food ration of Strongylocentrotus intermedius and basket fish；Annual spring and autumn fishes mature stichopus japonicus；Annual autumn captures basket fish；Annual spring water temperature fishes Strongylocentrotus intermedius before rising to 23 DEG C, and the Strongylocentrotus intermedius for being less than commercial specification is transferred to sea area and continues raft culture.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture fields more particularly to one kind, and apostichopus japonicus culture pond macro can be effectively prevent to spread unchecked
And the stichopus japonicus pond segmented polyculture method of apostichopus japonicus culture pond economic benefit can be improved.
Background technique
Stichopus japonicus, category Holothuroidea (Holothurioidea), it is a kind of precious marine product with higher economic value, it has also become I
One of important type of state's sea-farming.Existing cultural method is the seawater-culture pond for selecting husky bottom, sand mud bottom or silt bottom
The pool, annual spring or autumn carry out the dispensing of juvenile stichopus when water temperature is at 10 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, then pass through monitoring water temperature, salt
The technical indicators such as degree, dissolved oxygen, pH simultaneously feed the Stichopus japonicus Selenka baits such as Micro Algae in due course, until autumn current year or spring next year fish maturation
Stichopus japonicus.But the macros such as Enteromorpha, sea lettuce, bristle algae are often broken out in the breeding process, keep culture-pool water quality thin,
The breeding for affecting Micro Algae, not only reduces the food source of stichopus japonicus, and occupies the growing space of stichopus japonicus, hinders sea
It the normal activity of ginseng and ingests, the mortality of stichopus japonicus can be caused even to have no harvest when serious, bring huge property to raiser
Loss, for this reason, it may be necessary to carry out weeding in breeding process.There are two types of existing herbicidal methods: one is artificial weeding, labor intensity
Greatly, cost of labor is higher and weeding is not thorough；Another kind is using herbicide, although can thoroughly remove grass using when doses
It goes, the security risks such as damages however, there are also pollution environment and to sea cucumber.
Basket fish is distributed widely in the Indian Ocean-Pacific Ocean and the Mediterranean Eastern China seas of tropical and subtropical zone, has cultivation week
The advantages that phase is short, nutritive value is high.Basket fish is the ominivore-fish based on vegetalitas, and natural sea area basket fish is often with attachment
It is food in rock reef, the silkweed of coral reef or submarine algae bed, brown alga and diatom.The biological study of basket fish is constantly deep in recent years
Enter, artificial breeding is gradually carried out, and cultivation scale constantly expands.But basket fish low temperature tolerance ability is poor, northern area cannot be overwintering,
It is unsuitable for north of china in winter pond culture.
Strongylocentrotus intermedius original be distributed in Hokkaido, Japan and to the north of it is coastal, be the important economy class sea urchin of Japan, annual output
Account for about 40 ~ 50% or so of Japanese sea urchin yield, gonad color is good, sweet, dressing percentage is high, belongs to top grade in similar sea urchin.
Strongylocentrotus intermedius carries out raft culture in the provinces such as Liaoning and Shandong at present and proliferation is broadcast at bottom.Since Strongylocentrotus intermedius is low temperature kind
Class is not suitable with the higher condition of water quality of seawater aquaculturing pond summer water temperature, not yet carries out the pond culture of Strongylocentrotus intermedius at present.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve above-mentioned technical problem present in the prior art, and providing one kind can effectively prevent stichopus japonicus to support
Grow the stichopus japonicus pond segmented polyculture method that pond macro spreads unchecked and apostichopus japonicus culture pond economic benefit can be improved.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a kind of stichopus japonicus pond segmented mixed breeding side that avoidable macro is spread unchecked
Method, it is characterised in that carry out in accordance with the following steps:
A. seed is launched
A.1 when annual water temperature is 10 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, juvenile stichopus, the specification of seed at least 2000 are launched to stichopus japonicus pond
The throw-in density of head/500g, small dimension seed or large size seedling seed is shown in Table 1:
Table 1
| Seed size | Specification (head/500g) | Throw-in density (kg/hm2) |
| Small dimension | 2000~500 | 75~150 |
| Big specification | <500 | 150~300 |
A.2 annual spring and at least 14 DEG C of pond water temperature, basket fry kind, the basket fish are launched to stichopus japonicus pond
Seed size is at least 3cm, and supply volume is 1500 ~ 4000 tails/hm2；
A.3 annual autumn and water temperature is at 18 DEG C or less launches Strongylocentrotus intermedius seed, the centre to stichopus japonicus pond
Ball sea urchin seed size is at least 3.5cm, and supply volume is 500 ~ 1000 pieces/mu；
B. it cultivates
The quantity for monitoring the medium-and-large-sized algae in stichopus japonicus pond, when the quantity of macro is less than basket fish or/and intermediate sea
When the food ration of gallbladder, macro is fed；
C. it captures
C.1 annual spring and autumn fishes the stichopus japonicus for reaching commercial specification；
C.2 annual autumn and when water temperature drops to 14 DEG C captures basket fish；
C.3 annual spring water temperature fishes Strongylocentrotus intermedius before rising to 23 DEG C, will be less than the intermediate sea of commercial specification
Gallbladder is transferred to sea area and continues raft culture.
The present invention has selected the Strongylocentrotus intermedius that the speed of growth is very fast, economic value is high and basket fish and stichopus japonicus to be segmented
Formula mixed breeding, can not only make full use of breeding water body, increase the economic benefit in apostichopus japonicus culture pond, and be also fully utilized by sea
Gallbladder and basket fish can ingest the characteristic of macro, without using herbicide, that is, can avoid macro and spread unchecked, that is, optimize
Stichopus japonicus pond ecological environment, condition of water quality, but reduce spread unchecked because of macro holothruian cultures caused by loss, reduce a large amount of
Manually skim the aquaculture cost of macro generation；Macro can be used as the bait of sea urchin, basket fish simultaneously, and sea urchin and basket
The excrement of sub- fish can reduce bait investment as the bait of stichopus japonicus again, further improve the economic effect in apostichopus japonicus culture pond
Benefit.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A. seed is launched
A.1 annual water temperature be 10 DEG C ~ 12 DEG C when, to stichopus japonicus pond launch juvenile stichopus, the specification of seed at least 500 ~
1000/500g, throw-in density is 100 ~ 120kg；
A.2 annual spring and at least 14 DEG C of pond water temperature, basket fry kind, the basket fish are launched to stichopus japonicus pond
Seed size is at least 3cm, and supply volume is 1500 ~ 2000 tails/hm2；
A.3 annual autumn and water temperature is at 18 DEG C or less launches Strongylocentrotus intermedius seed, the centre to stichopus japonicus pond
Ball sea urchin seed size is at least 3.5cm, and supply volume is 500 pieces/mu；
B. it cultivates
Bait: after launching juvenile stichopus, without launching bait, stichopus japonicus absorbs the comestible in pond in seawater；Put into basket
After sub- fry kind and Strongylocentrotus intermedius seed, it is both needed to the quantity of the monitoring medium-and-large-sized algae in stichopus japonicus pond, when the number of macro
When amount is less than the food ration of basket fish or/and Strongylocentrotus intermedius, macro is fed, guarantees basket fish or/and Strongylocentrotus intermedius
Food ration, and basket fish or/and Strongylocentrotus intermedius excrement can be used as the bait of stichopus japonicus；Other cultivating conditions (water Inversion phenomenon,
The technical indicators such as dissolved oxygen, pH) compared with technology；
C. it captures
C.1 annual spring and autumn fishes the stichopus japonicus for reaching commercial specification；
C.2 annual autumn and when water temperature drops to 14 DEG C captures basket fish；
C.3 annual spring water temperature fishes Strongylocentrotus intermedius before rising to 23 DEG C, and wherein the Strongylocentrotus intermedius of 5cm or more reaches
It can directly be listed to commercial specification, the Strongylocentrotus intermedius for being less than commercial specification is transferred to sea area and continues raft culture.
The cultivation and harvest of stichopus japonicus are individually carried out in control for conventional apostichopus japonicus culture method, embodiment 1 with compare
The annual cut comparing result of cultural method such as table 2:
Table 2
| Stichopus japonicus | Basket fish | Strongylocentrotus intermedius | |
| Control | 125kg/ mus | 0 | 0 |
| Embodiment 1 | 155kg/ mus | 7.5kg | 18kg |
The result shows that the stichopus japonicus per mu yield of 1 pond of the present embodiment harvest is higher than conventional method cultivating pool, while harvesting
Basket fish and sea urchin substantially increase the economic benefit in apostichopus japonicus culture pond.
Embodiment 1 can save bait Meteorological, manually skim macro expense etc. simultaneously, establish northern seawater and support
The pond breeding method of pond basket fish and Strongylocentrotus intermedius is grown, the economic benefit of raiser can be effectively improved, reduced to ring
The pollution in border.
Embodiment 2:
A. seed is launched
A.1 when annual water temperature is 15 DEG C ~ 16 DEG C, juvenile stichopus, the specification of seed at least 300 ~ 500 are launched to stichopus japonicus pond
Head/500g, throw-in density 180kg/hm2；
A.2 annual spring and at least 14 DEG C of pond water temperature, basket fry kind, the basket fish are launched to stichopus japonicus pond
Seed size is at least 3cm, and supply volume is 2000 ~ 3000 tails/hm2；
A.3 annual autumn and water temperature is at 18 DEG C or less launches Strongylocentrotus intermedius seed, the centre to stichopus japonicus pond
Ball sea urchin seed size is at least 3.5cm, and supply volume is 700 pieces/mu；
Cultivation and capture are the same as embodiment 1.
Test example 2 is by juvenile stichopus, basket fry kind and Strongylocentrotus intermedius seed according to dispensing temperature as described in example 2
Degree, release time and supply volume are thrown to cultivating pool respectively, are cultivated respectively according to conventional cultivation mode, while according to
Time described in embodiment 2 is harvested respectively.The cultivation and harvest of stichopus japonicus are individually carried out in control for conventional apostichopus japonicus culture method,
Embodiment 2 and the annual cut comparing result such as table 3 for compareing cultural method:
Table 3
| Stichopus japonicus | Basket fish | Strongylocentrotus intermedius | |
| Control | 125kg | ||
| Embodiment 2 | 173kg | 12.5kg | 23kg |
The result shows that the stichopus japonicus per mu yield of 2 pond of the present embodiment harvest is higher than conventional method cultivating pool, while harvesting
Basket fish and sea urchin substantially increase the economic benefit in apostichopus japonicus culture pond.
Embodiment 2 can save bait Meteorological, manually skim macro expense etc. simultaneously, establish northern seawater and support
The pond breeding method of pond basket fish and Strongylocentrotus intermedius is grown, the economic benefit of raiser can be effectively improved, reduced to ring
The pollution in border.
Embodiment 3:
A. seed is launched
A.1 annual when being 15 DEG C ~ 16 DEG C, juvenile stichopus is launched to stichopus japonicus pond, the specification of seed at least 100~300/
500g, throw-in density 250kg/hm2；
A.2 annual spring and at least 14 DEG C of pond water temperature, basket fry kind, the basket fish are launched to stichopus japonicus pond
Seed size is at least 3cm, and supply volume is 3000 ~ 3500 tails/hm2；
A.3 annual autumn and water temperature is at 18 DEG C or less launches Strongylocentrotus intermedius seed, the centre to stichopus japonicus pond
Ball sea urchin seed size is at least 3.5cm, and supply volume is 1000 pieces/mu；
Cultivation and capture are the same as embodiment 1.
The cultivation and harvest of stichopus japonicus are individually carried out in control for conventional apostichopus japonicus culture method, embodiment 3 with compare cultivation side
The annual cut comparing result of method such as table 4:
Table 4
| Stichopus japonicus (spring dispensing) | Basket fish | Strongylocentrotus intermedius | |
| Control | 125kg | ||
| Test example 3 | 168kg | 13.0kg | 32kg |
The result shows that the stichopus japonicus per mu yield of 3 pond of the present embodiment harvest is higher than conventional method cultivating pool, while harvesting
Basket fish and sea urchin substantially increase the economic benefit in apostichopus japonicus culture pond.
Embodiment 3 can save bait Meteorological, manually skim macro expense etc. simultaneously, establish northern seawater and support
The pond breeding method of pond basket fish and Strongylocentrotus intermedius is grown, the economic benefit of raiser can be effectively improved.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of stichopus japonicus pond segmented polyculture method that avoidable macro is spread unchecked, it is characterised in that:
A. seed is launched:
A.1 annual water temperature be 10 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C when, to stichopus japonicus pond launch juvenile stichopus, the specification of seed at least 2000/
The throw-in density of 500g, small dimension seed or large size seedling seed is as follows:
The small dimension seed of 2000 ~ 500/500g, throw-in density are 75~150 kg/hm2；
The large size seedling seed of < 500/500g, throw-in density are 150~300 kg/hm2；
A.2 annual spring and at least 14 DEG C of pond water temperature, basket fry kind, the basket fry kind are launched to stichopus japonicus pond
Specification is at least 3cm, and supply volume is 1500 ~ 4000 tails/hm2；
A.3 annual autumn and water temperature is at 18 DEG C or less launches Strongylocentrotus intermedius seed, the intermediate sea to stichopus japonicus pond
Gallbladder seed size is at least 3.5cm, and supply volume is 500 ~ 1000 pieces/mu；
B. it cultivates
The quantity for monitoring the medium-and-large-sized algae in stichopus japonicus pond, when the quantity of macro is less than basket fish or/and Strongylocentrotus intermedius
When food ration, macro is fed；
C. it captures
C.1 annual spring and autumn fishes the stichopus japonicus for reaching commercial specification；
C.2 annual autumn and when water temperature drops to 14 DEG C captures basket fish；
C.3 annual spring water temperature fishes Strongylocentrotus intermedius before rising to 23 DEG C, and the Strongylocentrotus intermedius for being less than commercial specification is turned
It moves to sea area and continues raft culture.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105900880A (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2016-08-31 | 山东省友发水产有限公司 | Method for ecologically breeding stichopus japonica, siganus oramin and jellyfishes in pond of Yellow River delta area |
| CN106332814A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2017-01-18 | 青岛润物源生物科技有限公司 | Fully-ecological holothurian cultivation method |
| CN109511588A (en) * | 2017-09-17 | 2019-03-26 | 东营市海洋经济发展研究院 | The apostichopus japonicus culture pond bioelectric detecting technology of siganus guttatus regulation macro |
| CN114766399A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-07-22 | 大连海洋大学 | Ecological breeding method for intermediate ball sea urchin fries |
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| CN101933467A (en) * | 2009-07-02 | 2011-01-05 | 辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院 | Excessive reproduction control technology of benthic macro-algae in apostichopus japonicas culturing pond |
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| CN103392675A (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2013-11-20 | 大连棒棰岛海参发展有限公司 | Stereoscopic comprehensive ecological culture method of multiple species in stichopus japonicus pond |
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| CN101933467A (en) * | 2009-07-02 | 2011-01-05 | 辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院 | Excessive reproduction control technology of benthic macro-algae in apostichopus japonicas culturing pond |
| CN102870709A (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2013-01-16 | 烟台大学 | Artificial optimized culture method for sea squirt, microalgae and stichopus japonicus |
| CN102524130A (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2012-07-04 | 鲁东大学 | Method for inhibiting growth of macroalgae in Oplopanax elatus culture pond |
| CN103392675A (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2013-11-20 | 大连棒棰岛海参发展有限公司 | Stereoscopic comprehensive ecological culture method of multiple species in stichopus japonicus pond |
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| 刺参池塘混养点篮子鱼试验;王浩等;《河北渔业》;20150331(第3期);第29-31页 |
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