CN101817592B - Comprehensive organism repairing method of eutrophication seawater cage culture zone - Google Patents
Comprehensive organism repairing method of eutrophication seawater cage culture zone Download PDFInfo
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- CN101817592B CN101817592B CN 201010168350 CN201010168350A CN101817592B CN 101817592 B CN101817592 B CN 101817592B CN 201010168350 CN201010168350 CN 201010168350 CN 201010168350 A CN201010168350 A CN 201010168350A CN 101817592 B CN101817592 B CN 101817592B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive organism repairing method of an eutrophication seawater cage culture zone, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: hanging large-scale seaweeds on the upper part of a water body in a cage culture zone by using immobilized microorganisms, the large-scale seaweeds and filter-feeding bivalves as a combined repairing organism; putting the filter-feeding bivalves capable of rapidly absorbing and converting inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus eutrophication substances in the water body to the bottom of the culture zone; putting the immobilized microorganisms partially depositing to the surface layer of a bottom material of a culture field; and intensifying the degradation of organic matters and the nitrification velocity of nitrogen in the water body or substrate sludge through the oxidization and the nitrification. The method has the characteristics that firstly, the comprehensive organism repairing method which uses the large-scale seaweeds, the filter-feeding bivalves and immobilized nitrobacteria as a main organism can eliminate the eutrophication substances and organic pollutants in the water body and the bottom material; and secondly, the large-scale seaweeds and the filter-feeding bivalves with higher economic value can be obtained while eliminating the pollutants, thereby great environment and economic benefits are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the bioremediation technology field in eutrophication sea area, the concrete comprehensive organism repairing method that relates to a kind of eutrophication seawater cage culture zone.
Background technology
Cage culture is the representation mode of China's marine aquaculture industry to high-density, intensivization development; When improving carrying capacity and economic benefit greatly, also bring comparatively serious environmental problem, like organic pollutants such as a large amount of cultivated animals bait of producing in the breeding process, movement and the breeding wastewater that contains eutrophication materials such as high concentration N, phosphorus; Make that the breed maritime environment pollution is serious; This not only directly causes all kinds of beneficial microbe colonies to be killed, and the fulminant disease frequently takes place, the culture fishery sustainable development of restriction China; And the eutrophication degree that causes coastal waters is and enlarges and increase the weight of trend, the marine eco-environment brought have a strong impact on.Therefore, the cost-effective cage culture environmental pollution treatment technology of development research effectively reduces rich nutritive material and organic content, recovers the comprehensive function of water body, has become important subject.
Biological prosthetic is to utilize effect such as biological absorption, metabolism, degraded to environmental pollutants; Thereby eliminate a spontaneous or controlled process of environmental pollution and ecology recovering; Not only have remarkable advantages such as efficient height, cost are low, non-secondary pollution; And can carry out simultaneously with breeding production or after breed, carry out, workable, thereby having a good application prospect aspect the breeding environment Pollution abatement.
Kelp is release of oxygen in eutrophication materials such as absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus; Effectively improve the breeding environment ecological quality; And have growth fast, can extensively culture, characteristic such as cost is low; Demonstrating good prospects for application (Lin Zhenxian etc., 2006) aspect the eutrophication material of removing breeding environment as repairing biology.Domestic and international many scholars have systematically studied the repairing effect to the eutrophication breeding environment such as multiple kelp such as sea-tangle, laver, radial striations fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts, Thallus Gracilariae, Gracilaria tenuistipitata; And biological prosthetic strategy and repair mechanisms (Liu Jingwen etc., 2001 of sea farming eutrophication have been inquired into; Xu Zhongneng etc., 2002; Xu Yongjian etc., 2004).Simultaneously; Kelp is widely used in the integrated culture system of fish, shrimp and shellfish etc.; To absorb, to utilize eutrophication such as nitrogen, phosphorus material in the breeding environment effectively, improve the water body dissolved oxygen content simultaneously and regulate water pH value, in the breeding environment biological prosthetic; Improve economy output (Wang Jiqiao etc., 2001 of cultivating system; Qu Keming etc., 2006; Troell etc., 1999).
Utilize microbial preparation reparations such as photosynthetic bacterium, genus bacillus, nitrobacteria and improve aquaculture system and the research of bed mud environment has report (Luo Yongsheng etc., 2006 also the time; Li Zhuojia etc., 1998; Yang Ying warbler etc., 2003).Wang Yanbo etc. (2005) have reported and have utilized the high-activity biological remediation microbial inoculum to improve the research of culturing middle and later periods Penaeus vannamei pond water body quality; Biological prosthetic microbial inoculum has wherein comprised 6 kinds of probioticss such as photosynthetic bacterium, genus bacillus, yeast, nitrobacteria, denitrifying bacterium and actinomycetes; The result shows that this biological prosthetic microbial inoculum can improve the eutrophication state in the aquaculture water effectively, increases dissolved oxygen content in the water body; Regulate water pH value effectively, improve water transparency.Yuan Youxian etc. (patent publication No.: 1340462A) a kind of method of utilizing subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) degraded of wide temperature, wide salt or transforming breed pond organic pollutant, repair breeding environment is disclosed, respond well to the organic pollutant of removing bottom, shrimp pond.
Although obtaining certain achievement aspect the bioremediation technology research of seawater cage culture district eutrophication at present.But existing technology still can't provide effective means and enforceable overall plan for the improvement of polluted-water.Water body and bed mud are to constitute two inseparable media of breeding environment, and its environmental quality often interacts and restricts.The ight soil that residual bait chip and cultivated animals produced in the breeding process can constantly deposit in the bed mud, becomes the important source of sediment pollution; And have the effect of intensive exchange of substance between bottom water body and top layer bed mud, and can get into water body once more at the pollutent of a stable condition deposit in bed mud, cause secondary pollution of water.And existing research contents is often only paid close attention to the improvement of one of them media environment quality, or water body, or bed mud.Will fundamentally reduce the eutrophication of breeding environment pollutes with organic; Realize the sustainable sound development of breeding environment; Must utilize method for comprehensive repairing, removal when realizing in water body and the settling organic eutrophication and organic contamination, but do not see the report that this respect is arranged so far.
Summary of the invention
The comprehensive organism repairing method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of eutrophication seawater cage culture zone, it can satisfy the demand of prior art.
A kind of comprehensive organism repairing method of eutrophication seawater cage culture zone; It is characterized in that repairing biology for uniting with immobilized microorganism, kelp and filter-feeding shellfish; Kelp hangs the water body top of supporting in the cage culture district; Rapid absorption is invested in the bottom, culture zone with the filter-feeding shellfish that transforms inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus eutrophication material in the water body; The immobilized microorganism that can partly deposit to substrate top layer, culture zone is invested in the aquaculture water, through the rate of nitrification of organic degraded and nitrogen in oxygenizement and nitrification reinforcement water body or the bed mud.
Characteristics of the present invention are mainly reflected in following two aspects: (1) makes up with macro, filter-feeding shellfish and immobilized microorganism is the biological comprehensive organism repairing method of main body, is expected to eliminate simultaneously eutrophication material and organic pollutant in water body and the substrate; (2) in removal of pollutants, kelp and filter-feeding shellfish that acquisition has higher economic worth have good environment and economic benefit.
Embodiment
The present invention repairs biology with immobilized microorganism, kelp and filter-feeding shellfish for uniting; Kelp hangs the water body top of supporting in the culture zone; Rapid absorption is invested in the bottom, culture zone with the filter-feeding shellfish that transforms inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus eutrophication material in the water body, mainly strengthens the absorption conversion of organic debris and eutrophication material through filter food and biodeposition; The immobilized microorganism that can partly deposit to substrate top layer, culture zone is invested in the aquaculture water, through the rate of nitrification of organic degraded and nitrogen in oxygenizement and nitrification reinforcement water body or the bed mud.
Kelp described in the present invention is sea-tangle, laver, withe fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts, Thallus Gracilariae, sea lettuce or chondrus ocellatus Holmes, both can be the wild species that are collected in immediate offshore area, also can pluck and adopt in propagating the field artificially.Adding density is 0.5～5.0kg/m
3Described filter-feeding shellfish is mussel, scallop, oyster, philippine clam whelp, both can be collected in the immediate offshore area bed mud, also can be collected in and propagate the field artificially, and adding density is 20～200/m
3Enrichment obtains with domestication described immobilized microorganism in eutrophication and the organic bed mud that pollutes by receiving for a long time, comprises photosynthetic bacterium, genus bacillus, inferior bacterial digestion and nitrobacteria, the mixing of anharmonic ratio example such as presses, and the effective quantity of mycetocyte is 1.0 * 10
7Individual/g, adding quantity is 0.2～2.0kg/m
3Said microorganism immobilization method is following: after 100～200 order fixation supports were respectively soaked 2h with the sodium hydroxide of 5% hydrochloric acid and 5% successively, distilled water flushing was to neutral; Behind the high temperature dry sterilization, the per kilogram fixation support adds 2～5L mix bacterium agent fermented liquid, after the lyophilize, promptly obtains immobilized mikrobe remediation microbial inoculum.Described fixation support comprises zeyssatite, kaolin, zeolite etc.
Embodiment 1
In Chinese Marine University prawn culturing base; In 1m (length) * 1m (wide) * 1.5m (deeply) net cage, hang and support the 5.0Kg Thallus Gracilariae; Add 200 chlamys farreris (Chlamys fareri) respectively to this net cage inner bottom part, add in the net cage water body anharmonic ratioes such as photosynthetic bacterium, genus bacillus, inferior bacterial digestion and nitrobacteria example is mixed the immobilized microorganism 2.0Kg that obtains.Periodic monitor each item water quality and substrate index.The water quality of each biological prosthetic system and shale monitoring index are seen table 1 in the time of the 4th day.Wherein, control group is not for adding the biological system for handling of any reparation, and in the control group of repairing, the integrated environment of water body and bed mud is second-rate, all surpasses national IV class seawater quality and III class oceanic sediment quality standard.Repair after 4 days, compare, only hang inorganic nitrogen in the water body of bringing type marine alga Thallus Gracilariae up (DIN) and phosphoric acid salt (PO with control group
4-P) the obvious minimizing of nutritive salt reaches 68.6% and 76.9% respectively, and dissolved oxygen content (DO) increases 137.5%, and suspended particulate (SS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) descend 32.9% and 12.0% respectively, but other water quality and substrate index do not have clear improvement; For the system of only adding immobilized microorganism, although water quality and substrate index have some improvement, wherein, water body DIN, PO
4-P, COD and SS descend 46.6%, 48.3%, 35.8%, 51.8% respectively; DO rises 70.0%; Dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) also descends 23.2% and 25.4% respectively in total organic carbon in the bed mud (TOC) and the interstitial water, but breeding environment integral body not be improved significantly; For adding microbial inoculum, filter-feeding shellfish simultaneously and hanging the Thallus Gracilariae system of supporting, water quality and substrate index are all obviously improved, wherein, and DIN, PO in the water body
4-P, COD and SS descend 79.1%, 77.1%, 67.9% and 88.1% respectively; DO rises 93.7%; In the substrate in TOC, the interstitial water dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and DOP then reduce 54.6%, 77.6% and 79.3% respectively, each index reaches the II class standard comprehensively, part index number reaches the I class standard; The breeding environment quality is improved comprehensively, satisfies sea farming to requirements in water quality.
The 4th day water quality of table 1 immobilized microorganism-filter-feeding shellfish-kelp comprehensive repair prawn culturing environment and shale monitoring index
Embodiment 2
In Chinese Marine University turbot cultivation base; In 1m (length) * 1m (wide) * 1.5m (deeply) net cage, hang and support the 0.5Kg laver; The net cage bottom adds 20 Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas), adds in the net cage water body by anharmonic ratioes such as photosynthetic bacterium, genus bacillus, inferior bacterial digestion and nitrobacteria example to mix the immobilized microorganism 0.2Kg that obtains.Periodic monitor each item water quality and substrate index.The water quality of each biological prosthetic system and shale monitoring index are seen table 2.Wherein, control group is not for adding the biological system for handling of any reparation.Similar with embodiment 1, in the control group of repairing, the integrated environment of water body and bed mud is second-rate, in the water body DIN, PO
4-P and COD surpass national IV class Seawater Quality Standards, and the TOC in the substrate surpasses national III class oceanic sediment quality standard; And use kelp laver or immobilized microbial inoculum also can only improve part water quality or substrate index separately, part is improved turbot breeding environment quality; The reparation system of having only associating use immobilized microbial inoculum-filter-feeding shellfish-kelp, all kinds of water quality and substrate index could be up to standard fully, and breeding environment is thoroughly repaired.
Table 2 immobilized microorganism-filter-feeding shellfish-kelp comprehensive repair fish culture environment is water quality and shale monitoring index in the time of the 4th day
Claims (3)
1. the comprehensive organism repairing method of an eutrophication seawater cage culture zone; It is characterized in that repairing biology for uniting with immobilized microorganism, kelp and filter-feeding shellfish; Photosynthetic bacterium, genus bacillus, nitrite bacteria and nitrobacteria that described immobilized microorganism is obtained by enrichment in the bed mud that receives eutrophication and organic pollution for a long time and domestication, the effective quantity of mycetocyte is 1.0 * 10
7Individual/g, adding quantity is 0.2～2.0kg/m
3During immobilization, 100～200 order fixation supports are respectively soaked 2h with the sodium hydroxide of 5% hydrochloric acid and 5% successively after, distilled water flushing is to neutral; Behind the high temperature dry sterilization; The per kilogram fixation support adds 2～5L mix bacterium agent fermented liquid, after the lyophilize, promptly obtains immobilized mikrobe remediation microbial inoculum; Described fixation support is zeyssatite, kaolin or zeolite; During reparation; Kelp hangs the water body top of supporting in the culture zone; Inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus eutrophication material in rapid absorption and the conversion water body, the filter-feeding shellfish is invested in the bottom, culture zone, and immobilized microorganism is invested in the aquaculture water; Part deposits to substrate top layer, culture zone, through the rate of nitrification of organic degraded and nitrogen in oxygenizement and nitrification reinforcement water body or the bed mud.
2. the comprehensive organism repairing method of eutrophication seawater cage culture zone as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that described kelp is sea-tangle, laver, withe fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts, Thallus Gracilariae, sea lettuce or chondrus ocellatus Holmes; Above-mentioned kelp is the wild species that are collected in immediate offshore area; Or pluck and adopt in propagating the field artificially, adding density is 0.5～5.0kg/m
3
3. the comprehensive organism repairing method of eutrophication seawater cage culture zone as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that said filter-feeding shellfish is mussel, scallop, oyster or philippine clam whelp; Above-mentioned filter-feeding shellfish collection is in the immediate offshore area bed mud; Or be collected in and propagate the field artificially, adding density is 20～200/m
3
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| CN103081651A (en) * | 2011-11-02 | 2013-05-08 | 中国海洋大学 | Method for collecting zostera marina seeds |
| CN102674558A (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2012-09-19 | 湖南大学 | Integrated type ecological floating bed and water body ecological system repairing technology thereof |
| CN104663389A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-06-03 | 上海海洋大学 | Method for governing eutrophication of fresh water net cage fish-farming area |
| CN106904747A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-06-30 | 山东大学 | A kind of bio settling bed manufacture method of control phytoplankton |
| CN107360997A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-11-21 | 淮海工学院 | A kind of high-efficiency breeding method of long oyster |
| CN108147544A (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2018-06-12 | 广西壮族自治区海洋环境监测中心站 | A kind of ecological buoyant raft and restorative procedure for marine environment reparation |
| CN111533271A (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2020-08-14 | 江苏省海洋水产研究所 | Method for reducing total nitrogen and total phosphorus in water quality of prawn culture pond |
| CN111792736A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-10-20 | 云南省环境科学研究院(中国昆明高原湖泊国际研究中心) | Ecological restoration method for improving water quality of eutrophic water body |
| CN113213693B (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2023-06-02 | 南京浩尔环保科技有限责任公司 | Biological food chain culture box type nutrient salt removal device for eutrophic water pollution control and aquaculture and construction method thereof |
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| CN1769214A (en) * | 2005-09-10 | 2006-05-10 | 中国海洋大学 | Water quality environment in situ rehabilitation method in aquatic breeding |
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| 冯敏毅.利用生物控制养殖池污染的应用研究.《中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库（硕士）工程科技Ⅰ辑》.2005,(第01期),第41-42、52-53页. * |
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