CN102787504A - 超声层合的多层织物 - Google Patents
超声层合的多层织物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102787504A CN102787504A CN2012102138498A CN201210213849A CN102787504A CN 102787504 A CN102787504 A CN 102787504A CN 2012102138498 A CN2012102138498 A CN 2012102138498A CN 201210213849 A CN201210213849 A CN 201210213849A CN 102787504 A CN102787504 A CN 102787504A
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Abstract
本发明提供多层织物(90),它包括一层内层(80)位于两层外层(82,84)之间,外层同时包含热塑性纤维和吸收性短纤维。这些层(80,82,84)用超声法层合在一起。为了对特定应用优化织物(90)的某些性能,如强度、松密度、吸收能力、吸收速率、手感等,可选择性地控制用来形成内层的材料。
Description
本申请为申请日为2004年6月10日、申请号为200480038404.4、名称为“超声层合的多层织物”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
发明背景
家用或工业抹布常用来迅速吸收极性液体(如水和醇)和非极性液体(如油)。抹布必须具有足够的吸收能力来把液体容纳在抹布结构内直到需要用压力,如拧,把液体排出。此外,抹布还必须具有良好的物理强度和耐磨性才能承受使用期间常受到的撕、拉和磨损力。而且抹布摸起来还应是柔软的。
过去已广泛使用非织造织物,如熔喷非织造网,作抹布。熔喷非织造网具有适合于吸收和保留液体的纤维间毛细结构。但是,熔喷非织造网有时缺乏用作重役抹布所必要的物理性能,如撕裂强度和耐磨性。因此熔喷非织造网一般都要层合到不期望用于磨损或粗糙表面上的支持层如非织造网上。纺粘网所含的纤维比熔喷非织造网的更粗、更强,且能具有良好的物理性能,如撕裂强度和耐磨性。但是纺粘网有时缺乏提高抹布吸性特性的纤维间毛细结构。而且,纺粘网常含有会妨碍液体在非织造网内流动或传递的粘结点。为解决这些和其它问题,也已发展了含基本连续纤维与浆粕纤维液压缠结的非织造网的复合材料织物。虽然这些织物具有良好的强度,但它们有时缺乏良好的吸油特性。
因此,为适用于广泛的抹布应用,仍需要结实、柔软且具有良好吸收性的织物。
发明概述
按照本发明的一个实施方案,公开了形成多层织物的方法。该方法包含把至少一层内层放在第一外层与第二外层之间。第一外层和第二外层各包括含热塑性纤维和吸收性短纤维的复合材料。内层包括含热塑性纤维的非织造层。这些层用超声法层合在一起。
按照本发明的另一个实施方案,公开了形成多层织物的方法。该方法包含把至少一层内层放在第一外层和第二外层之间。第一外层和第二外层各包括含由基本连续的聚烯烃纤维形成的纺粘网的非织造复合材料。纺粘网与浆粕纤维液压缠结,浆粕纤维在非织造复合材料中的含量大于约50重量%。内层包括含热塑性纤维的非织造层。这些层用超声法层合在一起。
按照本发明的又一个实施方案,公开了包含至少一层内层位于第一外层与第二外层之间的多层织物。第一外层和第二外层各包括含基本连续热塑性纤维与浆粕纤维液压缠结的非织造复合材料。浆粕纤维在非织造复合材料中的含量大于约50重量%。内层包括含热塑性纤维的非织造层。这些层用超声法层合在一起。在一个实施方案中,第一外层的第一表面主要包含吸收性短纤维以及第二外层的第二表面也主要包含吸收性短纤维。第一表面和第二表面可形成多层织物的相对外表面。此外,多层织物还可以包含有许多邻接孔的粘结区。
本发明的其它特点和方面要在下面更详细地讨论。
附图简述
针对本领域普通技术人员提出的本发明的全面而能够实现的公开,包括其最佳方式在内,将特别在本说明书的下一部分参考下列附图加以说明:
图1是按照本发明的一个实施方案形成的3-层织物的示意图;
图2是形成供本发明一个实施方案使用的液压缠结非织造复合材料的工艺过程示意图;
图3是按照本发明的一个实施方案超声层合3-层织物的工艺过程示意图。
在本说明书和附图中反复使用参考字母意在代表本发明相同或类似的特征或要素。
代表性实施方案详述
现在将详细参考本发明的多个实施方案,在下面列举一个或多个实施例。每个实施例都是为了解释本发明而非限制本发明而提供的。事实上,对于本领域的技术人员来说,很显然可以在本发明内作各种改进和变更而不偏离本发明的范围或精神。例如,可以把对一个实施方案某一部分说明或描述的特征用于另一个实施方案,以产生又一个实施方案。因此,有意把对本发明的这类改进和变更也包括在所附权利要求及其等价条款的范围内。
定义
如本文所用,术语“非织造网”是指具有下述结构的网:各纤维或线交织成网,但不像针织物那样以可辩别的方式成网。非织造网包括,例如,熔喷网、纺粘网、梳理网、气流网等。
如本文所用,术语“梳理网”是指由经过精梳或梳理单元的短纤维制成的网,所述单元使纤维分开或断开且排成非织造网。该单元使纤维断裂和排列以形成非织造网。
如本文所用,术语“纺粘网”是指由小直径基本连续纤维形成的非织造网。形成纤维的方法如下:把熔融热塑性塑料从喷丝板上许多个细的,通常是圆形的,毛细孔挤成的单丝,然后用,例如,喷射牵伸和/或其它熟知的纺粘机理迅速减小挤出纤维的直径。纺粘网的生产已描述和说明在,例如,下列美国专利中:授予Appel等的4,340,563、授予Dorschner等的3,692,618、授予Matsuki等的3,802,817、授予Kinney的3,338,992、授予Kinney的3,341,394、授予Hartman的3,502,763、授予Levy的3,502,538、授予Dobo等的3,542,615和授予Pike等的5,382,400中,这些专利全文引于此供一般参考。纺粘纤维在沉积到收集表面上时一般不发粘。纺粘纤维的直径有时小于约40μm,通常在约5~约20μm之间。
如本文所用,术语“熔喷网”是指由从下述纤维形成的非织造网:从许多细的通常是圆形的口模毛细孔中挤出熔融纤维,进入收敛高速气(例如空气)流,把熔融热塑性纤维拉细,使纤维直径减小到可能是微纤的直径。然后熔喷纤维被高速气流携带并沉积在收集表面,形成无序分布的熔喷纤维网。这种工艺已公开在,例如,授予Butin等的美国专利3,849,241中,该专利全文引于此供一般参考。在有些情况下,熔喷纤维可以是连续或不连续的微纤维,它们的直径一般都小于10μm,且在沉积到收集表面时一般都发粘。
如本文所用,术语“多组分纤维”或“共轭纤维”是指已由至少两种聚合物组分形成的纤维。这类纤维一般从各自分立的挤出机内挤出,但纺在一起而形成一根纤维。各组分聚合物一般彼此不同,但多组分体系可包括类似或相同聚合物材料的分立组分。一个个组分一般都排列在纤维截面上位于基本不变的不同区域内且基本沿纤维的整个长度延伸。这类纤维的构型可以是,例如,并列式排列、饼式排列或任何其它排列。双组分纤维及其制造方法已在下列美国专利中提出:授予Kaneko等的5,108,820、授予Kruege等的4,795,668、授予Pike等的5,382,400、授予Strack等的5,336,552和授予Marmon等的6,200,669,这些专利全文引于此供一般参考。这类纤维和含这类纤维的组分也可以具有各种不规则形状,如下列美国专利中所述的那些:授予Hogle等的5,277,976、授予Hills的5,162,074、授予Hills的5,466,410、授予Largman等的5,069,970和授予Largman等的5,057,368,这些专利全文引于此供一般参考。
如本文所用,术语“平均纤维长度”是指用可购自Kajaani OyElectronics,Kajaani,Finland的Kajaani纤维分析仪FS-100型测定的浆粕纤维的重均长度。按照试验步骤,要用浸渍液处理浆粕样品以保证不存在纤维束或含木质下脚。每个浆粕样品都要分散在热水中并被稀释成约0.001%的溶液。当用标准Kajaani纤维分析试验步骤进行试验时,每个试验样品都从稀释溶液中取50~100ml份额。重均纤维长度可用下式表示:
其中
k=最大纤维长度
xi=纤维长度
ni=长度为xi的纤维数;和
n=被测纤维总数
如本文所用,术语“低-均纤维长度浆粕”是指含大量短纤维和非纤维颗粒的浆粕。许多二次木纤维浆粕可以被看作低-均纤维长度浆粕;但二次木纤维的质量将取决于回收纤维的质量和先前加工的类型和量。低-均纤维长度浆粕的平均纤维长度可以小于约1.2mm,如由光学纤维分析仪,如Kajaani纤维分析仪FS-100型(Kajaani Oy Electornics,Kajaani,Finland)所测。例如,低-均纤维长度浆粕的平均纤维长度可以是约0.7~1.2mm。典型的低-均纤维长度浆粕包括初始硬木浆粕和源于如办公废纸、报纸和硬纸板碎片的二次纤维浆粕。
如本文所用,术语“高-均纤维长度浆粕”是指含较少量短纤维和非纤维颗粒的浆粕。高-均纤维长度浆粕一般从某些非-二次(即初始的)纤维形成。已过筛的二次纤维浆粕也可以具有高-均纤维长度。高-均纤维长度浆粕的平均纤维长度一般大于约1.5mm,如由光学纤维分析仪,如Kajaani纤维分析仪FS-100型(Kajaani Oy Electornics,Kajaani,Finland)所测。例如,高-均纤维长度浆粕的平均纤维长度可以是约1.5mm~约6mm。典型的属木质纤维浆粕的高-均纤维长度浆粕包括,例如,漂白和未漂白的初始软木纤维浆粕。
详述
一般而言,本发明的目标是多层织物,它包括一层内层位于各含有非织造复合材料的两层之间。本发明者已发现,为了对特定应用优化织物的某些性能(如强度、松密度、吸收能力和手感等),可以选择性地控制用来形成内层的材料。例如,在希望提高吸油性的情况下,内层可以含对油具有高亲合性的疏水材料,如由基本连续的聚烯烃纤维形成的纺粘网。同样,为了具有更好的吸水性,内层可含亲水材料,如对水具有高亲合力的浆粕纤维。当用超声粘结技术将这些层层合在一起时尤其能改善这些性能。具体地说,无意受理论的限制,相信层的超声粘结会形成贯穿整个织物结构的孔和空穴,这又会进一步提高吸油性和吸水性。
参考图1,例如,该图示意按照本发明形成的多层织物90的一个实施方案。如图所示,至少一层内层80被放在两层外层82和84之间。应该理解,可以用任何数量的内层,只要织物包括至少一层内层和至少两层外层即可。例如,在一个实施方案中,多层织物90还可含另外两层把内层80夹在中间的内层(未示出)。这些另外的内层也同样被两层外层82和84夹在中间。这些层中的一层或多层的性能可以按本发明选择性地控制。
每一外层82和84都包括含吸收性短纤维和热塑性纤维的非织造复合材料。因多种原因,使用非织造复合材料有好处。例如,非织造复合材料中的热塑性纤维可提高织物90的强度、耐久性和吸油性。同样,吸收性短纤维可提高织物90的松密度、手感和吸水性。在非织造复合材料中热塑性纤维和吸收性短纤维的相对用量可根据所期望的性能而变。例如,热塑性纤维在非织造复合材料中的含量可小于约50重量%,而在有些实施方案中,在非织造复合材料中的含量为约10重量%~约40重量%。同样,吸收性短纤维在非织造复合材料中的含量可大于约50重量%,以及在某些实施方案中,在非织造复合材料中的含量为约60重量%~约90重量%。
吸收性短纤维可以由许多种不同的材料形成。例如,在一个实施方案中,吸收性短纤维是非热塑性的,且含有纤维素纤维(如浆粕、热机械浆粕、合成纤维素纤维、改性纤维素纤维等)以及其它类型的非热塑性纤维(如合成短纤维)。适用纤维素纤维源的某些实例包括初始木纤维,如热机械漂白或未漂白软木和硬木浆粕。也可以用二次或回收纤维,如从办公废纸、报纸、褐色纸原料、硬纸板碎片等得到的纤维。更进一步,还可以用植物纤维,如蕉麻、亚麻、马利筋属纤维、棉、改性棉、棉籽绒。此外还可以用合成纤维素纤维,如嫘萦和粘胶嫘萦。也可以用纤维素纤维。例如,吸收性短纤维可由适当自由基(如羧基、烷基、乙酸乙酯基、硝酸根等)取代了沿碳链的羟基所形成的纤维素衍生物组成。如上所述,也可以用非纤维素纤维作为吸收性短纤维。这类吸收性短纤维的一些实例包括,但不限于,乙酸酯短纤维、短纤维、短纤维、聚乙烯醇短纤维、lyocel短纤维等等。
当用浆粕纤维为吸收性短纤维时,它们可具有高-均纤维长度、低-均纤维长度或它们的混合物。适用高-均纤维长度浆粕纤维的一些实例包括,但不限于,北方软木、南方软木、红木、红西洋杉、铁杉、松木(如南方松)、针枞木(如黑针枞)和它们的组合等。典型的高-均纤维长度浆粕包括可购自Kimberly-Clark Corporation的、商标为“Longlac 19”的那些。适用低-均纤维长度浆粕的一些实例可包括,但不限于,某些初始硬木浆粕和源自如报纸、回收纸板和办公废纸的二次(即回收)纤维浆粕。硬木纤维如桉树木、枫树木、桦木、(白)杨木等也可以用作低-均纤维长度浆粕纤维。可以用高-均纤维长度和低-均纤维长度浆粕的混合物。例如,混合物可以含大于约50重量%低-均纤维长度浆粕和小于约50重量%高-均纤维长度浆粕。一种典型的混合物含75重量%低-均纤维长度浆粕和约25重量%高-均纤维长度浆粕。
如上所述,非织造复合材料还含有热塑性纤维。热塑性纤维可以是基本连续的,也可以是平均长度为约0.1mm~约25mm的短纤维,在有些实施方案中,为约0.5mm~约10mm,以及在有些实施方案中,为约0.7mm~约6mm。不论纤维长度,热塑性纤维可以由许多不同类型的聚合物形成,包括,但不限于,聚烯烃、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚氨酯、它们的共混物和共聚物等等。优选热塑性纤维含聚烯烃,更优选含聚丙烯和/或聚乙烯。适用的聚合物组合物也可含有共混在其中的弹性体,以及含颜料、抗氧剂、流动促进剂、稳定剂、香料、磨料颗粒、填料等。任选地,可用多组分(如双组分)热塑性纤维。例如,多组分纤维的适用构型包括并列构型和鞘-芯构型,以及适用的鞘-芯构型包括偏心鞘-芯和同心鞘-芯构型。在有些实施方案中,如本领域技术人员所熟知,为了形成不同的结晶和/或凝固性能,用来形成多组分纤维的聚合物具有相当不同的熔点。多组分纤维可含有约20重量%~约80重量%的低熔点聚合物,以及在有些实施方案中,为约40重量%~约60重量%。更进一步,多组分纤维可含约80重量%~约20重量%的高熔点聚合物,以及在有些实施方案中,为约60重量%~约40重量%。
除热塑性纤维和吸收性短纤维以外,非织造复合材料还可含各种其它材料。例如,可以用少量湿-强度树脂和/或树脂粘结剂来提高强度和耐磨性。也可以用脱粘剂来减小氢键程度。加入相对于复合材料层其量为,例如,约1重量%~约4重量%的某些脱粘剂也可以减小测得的静、动摩擦系数并提高耐磨性。还可以用多种其它材料,如活性炭、粘土、淀粉、超吸收材料等。
可以用很多种方法来形成外层82和/或84的非织造复合材料。例如,在有些实施方案中,形成非织造复合材料的方法是,用本领域已知的许多缠结技术(如液压、空气、机械等)将热塑性纤维与吸收性短纤维进行整体缠结。例如,在一个实施方案中,用液压缠结法将由热塑性纤维形成的非织造网与吸收性短纤维整体缠结。典型的液压缠结工艺用高压喷水流来缠结纤维和/或单丝,以形成高度缠结的强化复合材料结构。液压缠结的非织造复合材料公开在,例如,下列美国专利中:授予Evans的3,494,821、授予Bouolton的4,144,370、授予Everhart等的5,284,703和授予Anderson等的6,315,864,这些专利全文引于此供一般参考。
参考图2,例如,该图示意适合于从非织造网和浆粕纤维形成非织造复合材料的液压缠结工艺的一个实施方案。如图所示,含浆粕的纤维状糊料被输送到传统的造纸高位流料箱12内,在此处经由闸门14沉积到传统成形织物或表面16上。浆粕纤维的悬浮体可以具有传统造纸工艺中常用的任何稠度。例如,悬浮体可含有约0.01重量%~约1.5重量%悬浮在水中的浆粕纤维。然后从浆粕纤维悬浮液中除去水,形成均匀的浆粕纤维层18。
同时从旋转供料辊22上解卷非织造网20并使之通过由叠辊28和30形成的S-辊组26的辊隙24。可以用许多技术中的任意一种来形成非织造网20。例如,在一个实施方案中,用传统的梳理工艺,例如,羊毛或棉花梳理工艺,用短纤维来形成非织造网20。但也可以有其它工艺,如气流成网工艺或湿法成网工艺来形成短纤维网。此外,还可以用基本连续纤维来形成非织造网20,如由熔纺工艺,如纺粘、熔喷等工艺所形成的那些。
非织造网20可以被粘结起来以提高其耐久性、强度、手感、美观和/或其它性能。例如,非织造网20可以用热、超声、胶粘剂和/或机械法进行粘结。作为一个实例,非织造网20可以进行点粘,使之具有许多分立的小粘结点。典型的点粘工艺是热点粘,该工艺一般都包含使一层或多层从加热辊,如刻花辊和第二粘结辊,之间通过。刻花辊的刻花方式要使网不会整个表面粘结起来以及第二辊可以是光滑的也可以是刻花的。其结果,已为功能和美观发展了多种刻花辊的花样。典型的粘结花样包括,但不限于,下列美国专利中所述的那些:授予Hansen等的3,855,046、授予Levy等的5,620,779、授予Haynes等的5,962,112、授予Sayovitz等的6,093,665以及下列美国设计专利中的那些:授予Romano等的428,267和授予Brown的390,708,这些专利全文引于此供一般参考。例如,在有些实施方案中,可以把非织造网20任选地粘结到含有小于约30%的总粘结面积(如由传统的光学显微法测定)和/或大于约100粘结点/英寸2的均匀粘结密度。例如,非织造网可以具有约2%~约30%的总粘结面积和/或约250~约500针粘结点/英寸2的粘结密度。在有些实施方案中,总粘结面积和/或粘结密度的这种组合可实现如下:按大于约100针粘点/英寸2的针粘花样粘结非织造网20,该花样在与光滑砧辊完全接触时提供小于约30%的总粘结面积。在有些实施方案中,粘结花样的针粘密度可以为约250~350针粘点/英寸2和/或在接触光滑砧辊时总粘结面积为约10%~约25%。
更进一步,可以用连续缝或花样来粘结非织造网20。作为另一个实例,可以沿片材周边或仅简单地跨越边缘附近网的横向(CD)宽度粘结非织造网20。也可以用其它粘结技术,如热粘结和胶乳浸渍的结合。或者和/或此外,可以用,例如,喷雾或印刷法在非织造网20上涂布树脂、胶乳或胶粘剂,然后经干燥,获得所需的粘结。还有一些适用的其它粘结技术已描述在下列美国专利中:授予Everhart等的5,284,703、授予Anderson等的6,103,061、和授予Varona的6,197,404,这些专利全文引于此供一般参考。
再回到图2,然后把非织造网20放在传统液压缠结机的多孔缠结表面32上,在此处把浆粕纤维层18铺在网20上。虽然不是必要,但一般优选把浆粕纤维18放在非织造网20与液压缠结歧管34之间。浆粕纤维层18和非织造网20在一个或多个液压缠结歧管34下通过,并受流体喷射处理,使浆粕纤维层18与非织造网20的纤维缠结,并驱动它们进入和穿透非织造网20,以形成非织造复合材料36。或者,也可以在浆粕纤维18和非织造网20在发生湿法气流成网的同一多孔筛(如网眼织物)上时进行液压缠结。本发明也考虑把烘干的浆粕纤维层18叠加在非织造网20上,再水化该干燥片材到特定稠度,然后再水化该片材以液压缠结。液压缠结可在浆粕纤维层18饱和吸水的同时进行。例如,就在液压缠结之前,浆粕纤维层18可含最多约90重量%水。或者,浆粕纤维层18也可以是气流成网或干法成网层。
液压缠结可以用传统的液压缠结设备来进行,所述传统液压缠结设备如下列美国专利中所述:授予Evehart等的5,284,703和授予Evans的3,485,706。这些专利全文引于此供一般参考。液压缠结可以用任何合适的操作流体如水进行。操作流体流过歧管,歧管把流体均匀分布到一系列洞或小孔中。这些洞或小孔的直径可以为约0.003~约0.015英寸,并可以排成一行或多行,每行可以有任意个小孔,例如,30~100孔/英寸。例如,可以用Fleissner,Inc.of Charlotte,North,Carolina生产的歧管,它含有一根片条,上有每英寸30个直径为0.007英寸的一排孔。但也应理解,可以用许多其它歧管构型及它们的组合。例如,可以用单台歧管或可以把多台歧管一个个依次排列。而且,虽然不是必要,但在液压缠结期间所用的流体压力一般为约1000~约3000psig,以及在有些实施方案中,约1200~约1800psig。例如,当在所述压力的上限范围加工时,可以最大约1000英尺/分钟(fpm)的速度加工非织造复合材料36。
流体可撞击浆粕纤维层18和非织造网20,两者都被支持在多孔表面如单个平面筛上,筛的尺寸为约40×40或约100×100。多孔表面也可以是多层筛,筛尺寸为约50×50~约200×200。作为许多水喷射处理工艺中的典型,抽真空狭缝38可直接位于缠结歧管下游的液压针剌歧管的下面或多孔缠结表面32的下面,以便把过量水排出液压缠结的非织造复合材料36。
虽然并不固守任何特定的操作理论,但相信,工作流体的柱状喷射直接撞击铺在非织造网20上的浆粕纤维层18,从而驱动浆粕纤维进入并部分穿透非织造网20中的基体或纤维网络。当流体喷射和浆粕纤维层18与非织造网20相互作用时,层18中的浆粕纤维也与非织造网20中的纤维缠结并彼此缠结。在有些实施方案中,这类缠结可导致“偏料性”材料,表现为一面以热塑性纤维为主,给出防水雨衣般更象塑料的感觉,而另一面以浆粕纤维为主,给出更软、更稠的感觉。也就是说,虽然层18的浆粕纤维被驱动通过并进入非织造网20的基体,但许多浆粕纤维仍将留在或靠近材料36的表面。因此非织造网20的这个表面可能含有非织造网20中较大比例的浆粕纤维,而另一表面可含有较大比例的热塑性纤维。
流体喷射处理之后,可以把所得非织造复合材料36转移到干燥操作(例如,压缩、非压缩等)。可以用不同速度的吸湿辊来把材料从液压针剌带转移到干燥操作。或者,也可以用传统的真空型吸湿和转移织物。如果需要,非织造复合材料36可以在被转移到干燥操作之前先进行湿皱。例如,材料36的非压缩干燥可以用传统的渗透干燥器42来实现。渗透干燥器42可以是带孔眼46的可旋转外圆筒44与用来接收吹自孔眼46的热空气的外罩48的组合。渗透干燥器输送带50携带非织造复合材料36经过渗透干燥器外圆筒44的上部。强迫通过渗透干燥器42外圆筒44内的孔眼46的热空气除去非织造复合材料36中的水。被渗透干燥器42强迫通过非织造复合材料36的空气温度可以为约200°F~约500°F。其它有用的渗透干燥方法和设备可见诸于,例如,下列美国专利:授予Niks的2,666,369和授予Shaw的3,821,068,这些专利全文引于此供一般参考。
除了液压缠结非织造复合材料之外,非织造复合材料还可以含有热塑性纤维和吸收性短纤维的混合物。例如,非织造复合材料可以是由下述方法制成的“共成形”材料:其中在斜槽附近布置有至少一个熔喷口模头,吸收性短纤维通过该斜槽加到正在形成的非织造复合材料网上。这类共成形材料的一些实例已公开在下列美国专利中:授予Anderson等的4,100,324、授予Everhart等的5,284,703、授予Georger等的5,350,624,这些专利全文引于此供一般参考。
为了优化强度和性能并尽量降低成本,可选择用来形成外层82和84的非织造复合材料的基础重量。例如,如在下文更详细地描述,使用一层或多层内层80可提高织物90的总强度,从而减少对外层82和84的非织造复合材料强度的依赖性。因此,可选择非织造复合材料的基础重量以降低成本而不牺牲强度。例如,在有些实施方案中,可以用基础重量为约10~约80g/m2的较轻的非织造复合材料,在有些实施方案中,约40~约70gsm。但应理解,在本发明中也可以用基础重量较高的非织造复合材料。例如,可以用基础重量为约80~约250gsm的较重的非织造复合材料,以及在有些实施方案中,约100~150gsm。
也可以使外层82和84具有较高的液体渗透性,使它们有效地起到把液体转移到内层80的芯吸层的作用,然后内层又能有效地起吸收芯的作用。例如,外层82和84的非织造复合材料可含有直径较大的孔。由于存在这类较大的孔,非织造复合材料以较快的速率接受液体。在有些情况下,当含有疏水纤维(如聚烯烃纤维)时,亲水液体(如水)倾向于迅速流过非织造复合材料并进入内层80。一旦存在于内层80内,则亲水液体就很易被吸收。
再参考图1,除了外层82和/或84以外,织物90也含至少一层内层80。按照本发明,内层80包括含热塑性纤维的非织造层。本发明者已发现,当把内层层合到两层外层之间时,可以控制非织造层的特性以提高织物90的性能。例如,可以选择较高含量的热塑性纤维来提高织物90的吸油性。具体地说,这类热塑性纤维的疏水性质导致对油基化合物的高亲合性,并因此而能改善织物90的吸油特性。这样,当吸油性是主要问题时,非织造层可含大于约50重量%的热塑性纤维,在有些实施方案中,大于约75重量%,以及在有些实施方案中,大于约90重量%。例如,在一个实施方案中,非织造层是由约100重量%熔喷或纺粘热塑性纤维(例如聚丙烯、聚乙烯等)形成的网。
同样,非织造层也可以有较高含量的吸收性短纤维(例如浆粕纤维)以改善织物90的吸水特性。具体地说,非织造层可含大于约50重量%的吸收性短纤维,在有些实施方案中,约60重量%~约90重量%。这类纤维还可具有其它优点,如改进所形成织物的松密度、回弹性和手感。当含吸收性纤维时,非织造层也包括至少一些热塑性纤维,以便超声粘结到外层82和84的材料上。例如,在大多数实施方案中,非织造层包括至少约5重量%热塑性纤维。这类用于内层80中的非织造复合材料可以与上述用在外层82和84中的非织造复合材料相同或不同。例如,在一个实施方案中,内层80的非织造层是纺粘聚烯烃网和浆粕纤维的液压缠结复合材料。在另一个实施方案中,内层80的非织造层是含聚烯烃短纤维和浆粕纤维混合物的粘结梳理网。
除了改进吸收性能外,还可选择内层80以提高织物90的强度、松密度和/或手感。例如,含较高百分数热塑性纤维的非织造层能更好地提高强度,而含较高百分数吸收性短纤维的非织造层可更好地改进松密度和手感。此外,内层80所用的非织造层的基础重量也会影响某些性能。如强度。在本发明的大多数实施方案中,内层80的非织造层的基础重量为约10~约200gsm,在有些实施方案中,约20~约140gsm,以及在有些实施方案中,约60~约125gsm。
不论所选的具体材料如何,按照本发明的层80、82和84要用超声技术层合在一起。例如,通过使用静止喇叭和旋转刻花砧辊的超声粘结法已公开在下列美国专利中:授予Grgach等的3,939,033、授予Rust Jr.的3,844,869和授予Hill的4,259,399,这些专利全文引于此供一般参考。此外,使用旋转喇叭和旋转刻花砧辊的超声粘结已描述在下列美国专利中:授予Neuwirth等的5,096,532、授予Ehlert的5,110,403和授予Brennecke等的5,817,199,这些专利全文引于此供一般参考。当然任何其它的超声粘结技术也可用在本发明中。
参考图3,例如,该图示意了适用超声粘结技术的一个实施方案。如图所示,一开始把层80、82和84从第一、第二和第三基础辊122上解卷开来,然后喂入超声层合机140的辊隙142中。超声层合机140的辊隙142在静止超声喇叭146和旋转刻花砧辊148之间形成。一般而言,砧辊148可具有任何所需的花样,它为允许热塑性材料熔化、流动、粘结和固化提供足够的点或面积。例如,适用超声层合机的一个实例是BransonUltrasonic Unit,2000BDC型,它可获自Branson Ultrasonic Corporation ofDanbury,Connecticut,且有6英寸静止喇叭。
可以选择提供所需视觉形貌的花样,作为一个非限定性实例,如布状形貌。典型的花样包括,但不限于,下列美国专利所提出的那些:授予Sayovitz等的D369,907、授予Romano Ⅲ等的D428,267和授予Romano Ⅲ等的D428,710,这些专利全文引于此供一般参考。一旦在辊隙142中粘结了,就把所得织物90卷绕进最终基础辊152。或者,也可以把织物90转移到下一道表面装饰和/或后处理工艺,以使织物具有所选择的性能。例如,可以用压延辊对织物90轻轻加压、起皱、轧花、解蓬松、再卷绕或刷,使之具有均匀外观和/或某些手感性能。或者和/或此外,还可以对织物90再进行化学后处理,如加入胶粘剂或染料。还应理解,层80、82和84可以在层合前分别经受这类表面装饰和/或后处理工艺。
在超声层合期间,在织物90接触,例如,刻花砧辊148的那面就有了呈花样的粗糙表面织构。这种表面织构有助于从要清理的表面刮擦、除去和夹带碎屑。粗糙表面织构还提供较大的表面积,上有重复的织构几何,有助于把高粘度液体除去或截留到织物90的表面,并有利于芯吸进织物90的表面。然后液体从织物90的表面沿Z方向被吸进织物90的中心芯。未经层合或轧花的织物可能在材料两面都呈现不具有上述优点的较光滑织构。
超声层合还导致在织物90内形成粘结区。这些粘结区在外层82和84的热塑性纤维与内层80的热塑性纤维之间形成,且在一定程度上还在外层82和84的热塑性纤维之间形成。虽然本发明者不愿固守特定的操作理论,但相信,吸收性短纤维阻止热塑性纤维完全熔化,从而阻止形成原本在只含热塑性纤维的网的粘结期间会发生的基本被聚合物充满的粘结区。也就是说,虽然在各热塑性纤维之间有粘结,但在粘结面积内并不存在基本被聚合物充满的粘结区。缺乏完全熔化就会产生表面孔和贯穿z方向,即垂直于织物表面的方向,的空穴。这些孔和空穴允许液体在粘结区表面进入织物90并横向通过粘结区到达粘结区之间织物90的高吸收性区域。
优选层80、82和84之间的粘结区提供足够的强度以减少使用期间脱层的几率。用剥离强度试验来确定粘结或层合织物组分层之间的粘结强度。优选剥离强度为约25g~500g。更优选剥离强度为约50g~约300g,甚至更优选剥离强度为50g~约200g。无意受理论的限制,相信内层80的存在使超声层合期间粘结能量更均匀地分布,这又进一步提高剥离强度。达到理想剥离强度而不形成基本被聚合物充满的粘结区的能力也有利于改进织物90的手感:其本身表现出更好的悬垂性和/或柔软度。再一次,无意受理论的限制,相信这是因为没有聚合物充满的粘结区以及吸收性短纤维必须在粘结区内移动的自由度增加了的缘故。因为不存在聚合物充满的粘结区,吸收性短纤维基本不会截留在粘结区内。这导致改进的悬垂性、柔软度和/或手感。
因此织物90是用提供足够层强度且在粘结区产生开放性结构的超声粘结法生产的。该结构在所有三维方向上都是开放性的。它不仅允许自粘结区外至粘结区内即z方向上流动,而且还允许在x-和y-方向上横向流动。该方法还提供原本在热粘结材料中不存在的柔软性、手感和/或悬垂性。优选这些性能是通过选择和使用高超声功率输出、高线速度和低辊隙压力达到的。例如,在有些实施方案中,可以用约100~约3500英尺/分钟的线速度,在有些实施方案中,约300~约2500英尺/分钟,以及在有些实施方案中,约900~约1500英尺/分钟。高超声功率输出允许能量穿透织物90的各层并熔化中间区的热塑性纤维。高线速度缩短驻留时间并减少可能造成烧焦和/或形成空洞的过度粘结的可能性。低辊隙压力减少粘结点内纤维的压缩并避免完全丧失孔洞。
超声层合还可导致织物90明显的偏料性。例如,如前所述,层82和84各有一个表面以热塑性纤维为主,给出防水雨衣般更像塑料的感觉,而反面以吸收性短纤维为主,给人以更柔软更稠的感觉。当把这些层82和84与一层或多层内层80层合在一起时,优选以热塑性纤维为主的那些表面朝层合结构的内部,而以吸收性短纤维为主的那些表面留在外面。与单层结构相比,以这种方法并列层82和84会增加不透明度并改善视觉美观和手感。把以热塑性纤维为主的表面放在层合板的内部也允许使用非-着色热塑性纤维,因为在这些层层合在一起后,热塑性纤维是不大看得见的。彩色抹布则可以通过仅染色吸收性短纤维来生产,从而降低制造成本。
本发明的多层织物特别适用于做抹布。抹布的基础重量可以为约20g/m2(“gsm”)~约300gsm,在有些实施方案中,约30gsm~约200gsm,以及在有些实施方案中,约50gsm~约150gsm。基础重量较低的产品一般很好地适用于做轻役抹布,而基础重量较高的产品很好地适用于做重役抹布。抹布可具有适合于不同擦拭任务的任何尺寸。抹布也可以具有约8cm~约100cm的宽度,在有些实施方案中,约10~约50cm,以及在有些实施方案中,约20cm~约25cm。此外,抹布可具有约10cm~约200cm的长度,在有些实施方案中,约20cm~约100cm,以及在有些实施方案中,约35cm~约45cm。
如果需要,还可以用液体如水、无水洗手液或任何其它适用的液体预湿化抹布。液体可含防腐消毒剂、阻燃剂、表面活性剂、软化剂、湿润剂等等。在一个实施方案中,例如,抹布上可涂布卫生配方,如授予Clark等的美国专利申请出版物2003/0194932所述,该文献全文引于此供一般参考。液体可以用本领域内已知的任何适当方法涂布,如喷涂、浸涂、浸渗涂、浸渍涂和刷涂等等。抹布上所涂布的液体量可以随复合材料织物的性质、用来贮存抹布的容器、液体的性质和抹布所要求的最终用途而变。一般而言,每块抹布的液体含量为抹布干重量的约150~约600重量%,在有些实施方案中为约300~约500重量%。
在一个实施方案中,抹布是以连续的打孔卷提供的。孔眼提供了一条低强度线,由此可以更易撕下一块块抹布。例如在一个实施方案中,一个6″高的卷上含有12″宽的V-折抹布。该卷每12″打一行孔,形成12″×12″抹布。在另一个实施方案中,抹布以一块块抹布的堆叠提供的。抹布可以多种形式、材料和/或容器进行包装,包括,但不限于卷、盒、管、软包装材料等等。例如,在一个实施方案中,抹布被直立着插入选择性可再密封容器(如圆柱状)。适用容器的一些实例包括硬管、薄膜口袋等。适用于容纳抹布的特定实例是刚性圆柱管(例如,由聚乙烯制成),在该容器的顶部装有可再密封的气密盖(例如由聚丙烯制成)。盖子有一个绞链帽,开始时它盖住位于帽下的开口。开口允许抹布从密封容器内部抽出,这样通过抓住抹布并撕开各卷的接缝就能取出一块块抹布。适当设计盖内开口的尺寸,使每块抹布从容器中取出时受到足以除去任何过量液体的压力。
适用的其它分配器、容器和传递抹布的系统已描述在下列美国专利中:授予Buczwinski等的5,785,179、授予Zander的5,964,351、授予Zander的6,030,331、授予Haynes等的6,158,614、授予Huang等的6,269,969、授予Huang等的6,269,970和授予Newman等的6,273,359,这些专利全文引于此供一般参考。
参考下列实施例将会更好地理解本发明。
试验方法
在下列实施例中使用下列试验方法。
厚度:织物的caliper对应于它的厚度。在实施例中按照TAPPI试验方法T402“纸、板、浆粕手抄纸和相关产品的标准调节和试验气氛”或T411 om-89“纸、纸板和组合板的厚度”注3中关于堆叠片材的测定。用来进行T411 om-89的测微器可以是Emveco 200A型Electronic Microgage(Emveco.Inc.of Newberry,Oregon),其砧直径为57.2mm以及砧压力为2kPa。
抓样拉伸强度:抓样拉伸试验是织物受单向应力作用时断裂强度的量度。该试验是本领域已知的且遵循联邦试验方法标准191A中方法5100的说明书。结果用断裂时的磅数表示。数值越高表明织物越强。抓样拉伸试验使用两个夹头,每个夹头有两块夹钳,每块夹钳有一面与样品接触。夹头把材料保持在同一平面内,通常在垂直方向上,间距为3″(76mm),以规定的伸长速率移开。抓样拉伸强度值用尺寸为4″(102mm)×6″(152mm)的样品测得,夹钳面尺寸为1″(25mm)×1″,恒定伸长速率为300mm/min。样品比夹钳宽,目的是给出被夹持宽度内纤维的有效强度和织物内相邻纤维贡献的附加强度的组合结果。把试样夹持在,例如,获自Sintech Corporation of Cary,N.C.的Sintech 2试验机上,或获自InstronCorporation of Canton,Mass.的Instron Model TM上,或获自Thwing-AlbertInstrument Co.of Philadelphia,Pa的Thwing-Albert Model INTELLECT Ⅱ上。这接近于模拟实际使用中织物的应力条件。结果以3个试样的平均值报告,可以用横向(CD)或机器方向(MD)上的试样进行试验。
吸水速率:吸水速率是样品把滴在材料表面的液体完全吸进网内所需要的时间,单位为秒。具体地说,水的吸收是按照ASTM No.2410测定的:用移液管把0.5cm3水滴在材料表面。每片材料表面滴4滴(每面滴2滴)0.5cm3的水。记录4滴水被吸进材料(z-向)的平均时间。较短的吸收时间,如以秒为单位测定,表明较快的吸水速率。该试验在73.4±3.6°F及50%±5%相对湿度的条件下进行。
吸油速率:吸油速率是样品吸收规定油量所需要的时间,单位为秒。对50W机油的吸油速率按与以上对吸水所述的相同方法测定,但4滴油(每面2滴)中的每一滴都用0.1cm3油。
吸收能力:吸收能力是指材料在一定时间内吸收液体(如水或机油)的能力并与材料在其饱和点所容纳的液体总量相关。吸收能力按关于工业和公共机构毛巾和纸巾的联邦规范No.UU-T-595C测定。具体地说,测定吸收能力的方法是测定样品因吸收液体而引起的增重,并用下列方程以吸收液体的重量或吸收液体的%表示:
吸收能力=(饱和样品重量-样品重量)
或
%吸收能力=[(饱和样品重量-样品重量)/样品重量]×100
Taber耐磨性:Taber耐磨性以可控旋转磨擦作用下织物的破坏测量耐磨性。耐磨性按照联邦试验方法标准191A的试验方法5306测定,除非另有说明。只用单个轮子来磨损样品。将12.7×12.7-cm试样夹持在磨耗头上带一个橡皮轮(H-18号)和每个臂上有500g配重的Taber标准磨耗机(带E-140-15样品夹持器的504型)的试样平台上。不用断裂强度的损失作为确定耐磨性的判据。结果以到达失效的研磨次数获得并报告,把织物内产生0.5cm洞的那点看作发生了失效。
悬垂刚度:“悬垂刚度”试验测定材料的抗弯性。弯曲长度是材料重量与刚度之间相互作用的量度,正如材料在其自重下弯曲所示,换句话说,要应用复合材料在其自重作用下悬臂梁弯曲的原理。一般而言,让样品以4.75英寸/分钟(12cm/min)沿平行于其长度方向滑动,使其前缘突出从其水平表面的边缘。当样品尖端在其自重作用下降到该端点和平台边缘的连线与水平面成41.50°时,测量悬垂长度。悬垂越长,表示样品弯曲越慢;因此较大的数值表示较刚的复合材料。该方法符合ASTM标准试验D 1388的规范。单位为英寸的悬垂刚度是达到41.50°斜率时样品悬垂长度的一半。试样的制备方法如下:将样品切割成1″(2.54cm)宽和6″(15.24cm)长的矩形条。在机器方向和横向上分别测定每种样品的多个试样。用适当的悬垂-弯曲刚度试验机,如可获自位于Amityville,N.Y.的Testing MachinesInc.,的FRL-悬臂梁弯曲试验机79-10型,进行试验。
剥离强度:该试验确定层合织物中层与层之间的粘结强度。在剥离或脱层试验中,对层合片试验把一层与另一层拉开所需的拉伸力。剥离强度值用约6″×4″试样(机器方向上为6″)的织物样品的宽度测定。用手把试样中的层沿试样长度剥开约2″距离。然后在拉伸试验机的每个夹钳中夹进一层并以恒定伸长速率拉伸之。用两个夹头,每个夹头有两个尺寸相同的夹钳,夹钳的尺寸在平行于加载方向为1″,垂直于加载方向为4″。例如,用Instron ModelTM1000、1122或1130(可获自Instron Corporation ofCanton,Ma);Sintech拉伸试验机、Sintech QAD或Sintech Testworks(可获自Sintech,Inc.of Research Triangle Park,N.C.);或Thwing-Albert,ModelINTELLECT Ⅱ(获自Thwing-Albert Instrument Company of Phila-delphia,Pa.)夹持样品。然后把样品按180°拉开2″距离并以g记录平均剥离强度。施加的恒定伸长速率为12″±0.4″/min(300±10mm/min)。剥离强度是平均力,以g表示,是按180°把粘结织物分开2″距离所需要的力。
实施例
按照本发明形成多层织物的能力已得以证明。形成多个含一层内层夹在两层复合材料外层之间的3层样品。每层复合材料外层都按授予Everhart等的美国专利5,284,703制成。具体地说,复合材料层由基础重量为11.3g/m2的点粘结纺粘网形成。纺粘网含100%单丝旦数约3.0的聚丙烯纤维。用3个喷射条在1100磅/英寸2缠结压力下将纺粘网与粗金属丝上的浆粕纤维组分进行液压缠结。浆粕纤维组分含LL-19北方软木牛皮纸浆纤维(可获自Kimberly-Clark Corporation)和1重量%PA801(可获自Goldschmidt的脱粘剂)。浆粕纤维组分也含2重量%PEG(聚乙二醇)600。液压缠结后,干燥该复合材料,用可获自Air Products,Inc.的商品名为“AirflexA-105”(粘度为95cps及固体含量为28%)的乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物胶乳粘结剂印刷粘结到干燥机,然后以30%的皱纹度成皱。所得复合材料含30重量%纺粘网和70重量%浆粕纤维组分,以及基础重量为64g/m2。
3-层样品的内层不同。具体地说,有些3-层样品的内层是含100重量%聚丙烯纤维以及基础重量为45gsm的粘结梳理非织造网。另一些3-层样品的内层是由100重量%聚丙烯纤维形成以及基础重量为30gsm的点粘纺粘网。最后,还有一些3-层样品的内层是由100重量%聚丙烯纤维形成以及基础重量为22.6gsm的点粘结纺粘网。
为形成多层样品,引导这些层通过获自Herrmann Ultrasonics ofSchaumburg,Illinois的商品名为“非接触/非磨耗超声焊接系统”的超声层合机。该超声层合机用2个各宽6″的静止喇叭、一个刻花砧辊、4000-W发电机和一个辊隙传感器系统。该辊隙传感器系统监控并渐变超声喇叭与砧辊之间的辊隙,以保持所需要的力。用各种不同条件(即线速度、层合力和砧辊粘结花样)来形成3-层样品并列于下表1。
表1:形成3-层样品的条件
1花样A是粘结总面积为4.7%的条状花样。花样B是粘结总面积为10.7%的条状花样。花样C是粘结总面积为5.9%的点花样。
为了与3-层样品比较,还从非织造复合材料形成了2-层样品。该2-层样品是从购自Kimberly-Clark Corp.的各种抹布形成的。标为“PrimereTM”的层的基础重量约为64gsm且由聚丙烯纺粘网(11.3gsm)与北方软木牛皮纸浆纤维液压缠结而成。标为X70蓝”的层的基础重量为82gsm且由聚丙烯纺粘网(22.7gsm)与北方软木牛皮纸纤维液压缠结而成。最后,标为X60白”的层的基础重量约为64gsm且由聚丙烯纺粘网(11.3gsm)与北方软木牛皮纸纤维液压缠结而成。
用以上对3-层样品所述的相同超声层合机层合该2-层样品。形成2-层样品的条件列于下表2。
表2:形成2-层样品的条件
1花样A是粘结总面积为4.7%的条状花样。花样B是粘结总面积为10.7%的条状花样。花样C是粘结总面积为5.9%的点花样。
然后试验数个2-层和3-层样品的物理性能。结果示于下表3-4。
表3:3-层样品的吸油性和剥离强度
表4:2-层样品的吸油性和剥离强度
如表所示,3-层样品达到了良好的吸收性和剥离强度。例如,在以上所列的样品中,样品1具有最高的吸收能力,即493.0%,而且还具有良好的剥离强度值。
此外,为进行比较还提供了几种不同的1-层样品。具体地说,一种样品是购自Kimberly-Clark Corp.的商品名为X80橙的单-层抹布。该X80橙抹布的基础重量是125gsm,且含有与北方软木牛皮纸浆纤维液压缠结的聚丙烯纺粘网(22.7gsm)。另一种样品是购自Tufco,Inc.ofGreen Bay,Wisconsin的“TufPro Rental Shop Towel”,相信是基础重量约207gsm的单-层抹布。
对1-层样品试验了多项性能并与用上述相同方法形成的2-层和3-层样品进行比较。结果列于下表5内。
表5:样品的性能
1如上所述,该3-层样品是由非织造复合材料外层(30%纺粘/70%浆粕,64gsm)形成的并含粘结梳理网(100%聚丙烯,45gsm)作为内层。
2如上所述,该3-层样品是由非织造复合材料外层(30%纺粘/70%浆粕,64gsm)形成的并含粘结梳理网(100%聚丙烯,30gsm)作为内层。
3如上所述,该2-层样品的各层由购自Kimberly-Clark Corp.的商品名为PrimereTM的抹布形成。
如上所示,根据吸收速率和吸收能力的测定,3-层样品对水和油都具有优良的吸收性。3-层样品也具有更好的强度和手感受性能。
虽然已用本发明的多个具体实施方案对本发明作了详述,但应理解,本领域内的技术人员在对前文理解时也可以很易想象对这些实施方案的修改、变更和等代方案。因此本发明范围应按所附的权利要求及其任何等代条款的范围进行评估。
Claims (16)
1.形成多层织物的方法,所述方法包括:
把至少一层内层放在第一外层与第二外层之间,所述第一外层和所述第二外层各包括含热塑性纤维和吸收性短纤维的非织造复合材料,所述吸收性短纤维构成大于约50重量%的所述非织造复合材料,其中所述非织造复合材料的所述吸收性短纤维和所述热塑性纤维是液压缠结的,所述内层包括由大约100重量%的包含聚丙烯、聚乙烯或其组合的热塑性纤维形成的非织造层;和
用超声法把所述内层、所述第一外层和所述第二外层层合在一起,其中所述超声法层合使所述多层织物的至少一面具有呈花样的表面结构;
其中在粘结区的织物表面产生了孔并且在贯穿垂直于织物表面的方向产生了空穴,所述孔和空穴允许液体在粘结区表面进入织物并横向通过粘结区到达粘结区之间织物的高吸收性区域。
2.如权利要求1中定义的方法,其中所述第一外层、所述第二外层或其组合的所述非织造复合材料包含约10重量%~约40重量%所述热塑性纤维和约60重量%~约90重量%所述吸收性短纤维。
3.如权利要求1或2中定义的方法,其中所述第一外层、所述第二外层或其组合的所述吸收性短纤维是浆粕纤维。
4.如权利要求1或2中定义的方法,其中所述第一外层、所述第二外层或其组合的所述热塑性纤维是基本连续的。
5.如权利要求1或2中定义的方法,其中所述非织造层的所述热塑性纤维是基本连续的。
6.如权利要求1或2中定义的方法,其中所述内层的所述非织造层的基重为约10~约200g/m2。
7.如权利要求1或2中定义的方法,其中所述内层的所述非织造层包含粘结梳理非织造网。
8.形成多层织物的方法,所述方法包括:
把至少一层内层放在第一外层和第二外层之间,所述第一外层和所述第二外层各包括含由基本连续的聚烯烃纤维形成的纺粘网的非织造复合材料,所述纺粘网是与浆粕纤维液压缠结的,所述浆粕纤维在所述非织造复合材料中的含量大于约50重量%,所述内层包括由大约100重量%的包含聚丙烯、聚乙烯或其组合的热塑性纤维形成的非织造层;和
用超声法把所述内层、所述第一外层和所述第二外层层合在一起,其中该超声层合使所述多层织物的至少一面具有呈花样的表面结构;
其中在粘结区的织物表面产生了孔并且在贯穿垂直于织物表面的方向产生了空穴,所述孔和空穴允许液体在粘结区表面进入织物并横向通过粘结区到达粘结区之间织物的高吸收性区域。
9.权利要求8的方法,其中所述非织造复合材料包含约60重量%~约90重量%所述浆粕纤维。
10.权利要求8的方法,其中所述内层的所述非织造层的基重为约10~约200g/m2。
11.权利要求8的方法,其中所述内层的所述非织造层包含粘结梳理非织造网。
12.多层织物,包含至少一层夹在第一外层和第二外层之间的内层,所述第一外层和所述第二外层各包含非织造复合材料,所述非织造复合材料包括与浆粕纤维液压缠结的基本连续的热塑性纤维,所述浆粕纤维在所述非织造复合材料中的含量大于约50重量%,所述内层包括由大约100重量%的包含聚丙烯、聚乙烯或其组合的热塑性纤维构成的非织造层,其中所述内层、所述第一外层和所述第二外层是用超声法层合在一起的,其中该超声层合使多层织物的至少一面具有呈花样的表面结构;
其中在粘结区的织物表面产生了孔并且在贯穿垂直于织物表面的方向产生了空穴,所述孔和空穴允许液体在粘结区表面进入织物并横向通过粘结区到达粘结区之间织物的高吸收性区域。
13.如权利要求12中定义的多层织物,其中所述第一表面和所述第二表面形成所述多层织物的相对外表面。
14.如权利要求12或13中定义的多层织物,还包含有许多邻接孔的粘结区。
15.如权利要求12或13中定义的多层织物,其中所述第一外层的第一表面和所述第二外层的第二表面各主要包含浆粕纤维。
16.如权利要求12或13中定义的多层织物,其中所述内层的所述非织造层包含粘结梳理非织造网。
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US10772472B2 (en) | 2015-12-03 | 2020-09-15 | Xamax Industries, Inc. | Loofah |
CN108778708A (zh) * | 2016-01-12 | 2018-11-09 | 佐治亚-太平洋无纺布有限责任公司 | 非织造清洁基材 |
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CR8430A (es) | 2006-11-23 |
KR20060111601A (ko) | 2006-10-27 |
JP5068538B2 (ja) | 2012-11-07 |
US7645353B2 (en) | 2010-01-12 |
CA2550571C (en) | 2012-11-06 |
KR101200203B1 (ko) | 2012-11-09 |
AU2004314111A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
RU2006122606A (ru) | 2008-01-27 |
US20050136778A1 (en) | 2005-06-23 |
BRPI0417960B1 (pt) | 2015-05-19 |
BRPI0417960A (pt) | 2007-03-27 |
EP1697121B1 (en) | 2014-05-07 |
ZA200604057B (en) | 2007-10-31 |
ES2472266T3 (es) | 2014-06-30 |
RU2353523C2 (ru) | 2009-04-27 |
EP1697121A1 (en) | 2006-09-06 |
WO2005068178A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
CN1898080A (zh) | 2007-01-17 |
CN102787504B (zh) | 2015-12-16 |
AU2004314111B2 (en) | 2010-04-29 |
CA2550571A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
IL175546A0 (en) | 2006-09-05 |
JP2007516875A (ja) | 2007-06-28 |
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