US2069778A - Plural ply fabric - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 9, 1937. w w ROWE I 2,069,778

PLURAL FLY FABRIC Filed April 26, 1933 c% o mull/11111107 all/11117121275707;

INVENTOR.

A TTORNEY..

' unusual physical resistance-may be produced. tion in increasing the resistance of a product, as 25 Patented rename? 1 a 9 773 1 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE'" Q r aocsars- .PLURAL P'LY FABRIC William Wallace Rowebincinnati, Ohio, assignmto The Paper Service Company, Lockland, Ohio,

a corporation of Ohio Application April 26, 1933,. Serial No. seams 5 Claims. (01. 154-50) My invention relates to plural ply materials ing additional means for resisting the removal of comprising creped papers, and more particularly stretch.

to materials in which the plies comprise a uni- Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a piece of univerversally stretchable or expansible paper or other sally stretchable paper joinedto a frangible web.

5 web. In the co-pending application of William My invention, likewise, relates to coated webs. 5 C. Kemp, Serial No; 558,884, filed August 24,1931, 4 The webs may be coated and preferably are coated there is set forth a universally 'expansible web, in the creping processes may be done in accordcharacterized by crossing sets of creping crinkles, ance withthe teaching of my Re issue, Patent and while my invention is applicable to any No. 17,633, whereby a product obtained in m universally stretchable web of paper or .the like, which. the coating extends well down into. the 10 yet for. many uses I. prefer to use the material crinkles and in which no separate coating operaof the Kemp invention. Another exemplary, buttion is required. My present invention is not, not limiting, instance of'a material adapted for however, limited to webs which are coated prior use in my invention, is the-material set forth in to or concurrently with a crinkling operation.

the co-pending application of Rowe and Morris, One phase of my invention is based uponcer- 15 Ser. No. 622,698, filed July 15, 1932. tain discoveries with respect to the eflicacy of My invention relates to structures of or com-- coated materials in resisting the stretching .of a prising one or more universally stretchable webs stretchable web, It is obvious that the force joined to similar or dissimilar materials to pronecessary to stretch as well as to tear an unduce products of novel characteristics. One of coated, crinkled web is somewhat less than that the objects of my invention relates to the pronecessary to stretch or tear a coated web, since duction of retarded or'resi'sted stretchability in the coating must also be severed or stretched; such webs whereby" in view of the universally But I have discovered that coatings upon webs stretchable characteristics thereof, products of are able to exercise a much more important func- Another object oiimy invention relates to the will besh'ownl production ofmaterial in, whichuniversally If two pieces of creped paper coated upon one stretchable webs are joined to relatively stifi side are simultaneously stretched whilenot in webs or structures with the production of new adhesive juncture, as by placing the two pieces 0 effects. Such new efiects are of. importancein with their paper sides toward each other .and

the use of my products as or in connection with their coated sides outwardly disposed, and it the wall coverings, floor coverings, container board force required to produce a givenelongation is material etc. Still another object of my invenmeasured, a result will be secured which is subtion relates to the production of composite ma-. stantially the sum of the individual resistances terials and structures comprising at least one of the pieces. If, however, similarcoated and 35 stretchable web adhesively joined to a web or creped papers are pressed together with their structure which is frangible or disintegrable, so coated sides in adhesive contact so as to form a as not to localize stretching strains upon the composite fabric, then.the force required to prostretchable web.. duce the same elongation will be' foundto be 40 These and other objects of my invention, which very greatly increased over the sum of the inwill be set forth hereinafter, or will be apparent. dividual resistances. to one skilled in the art upon reading these While I do not'desire to bebound .by theory, specifications, I accomplish by that certain conyetI believe the reason for this phenomenon is struction and arrangement of parts of which I as follows: For a clear understanding reference shall describe certain exemplary embodiments. may be. made to Fig, 1 whereinfI have shown op- 45 Reference is made to thedrawing wherein: posed'pieces of creped paper indicated at I and Figure 1 is a sectional view of a product com-' 2, each of these being coated with, for example, prising a plurality of universally stretchable an asphaltic substance in layers indicated at 3 webs. and 4. It may belsupposed that the paper has Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a product comprisbeen creped by means of the positive adhesive 50 ing a web of universally stretchable material action of this'bitumen, althoughmy product is 'joined to a web of relatively'stifi material. not so limited. Under these circumstances the Fig. 3 is a sectional view showing the material bituminous coating will be to all intents and pur-. of Fig. 2 bent at an angle. poses continuous with respect to the paper sur- 4 is a perspective viewof a product hav face, even within the wrinkles. -By reason of the -5= of the coating substance. In either event creping action and the forcing of the crlnkles together therein'the bituminous layer will be crinkles of both sheets may be filled up solid by the coating substance.

Whatever the particular condition of the coating substance between the plies, a stretching of the combined fabric will be manifest not only in an elongation of the webs, and a bending and/or stretching of the coatings thereon, but also in a tendency oi the webs to separate, which separation is resisted by the cohesive action oi the' coating substance. This tendencyis primarily due to .the non-conjointly creped character of the piles, which produces relative movement oi parts as the plies are stretched. Insome instances, particularly where the crinkles are. illled up more or less solidly with the coating substance,

there is a tendency to separate the plies by pullthem apart, over relatively incompressible the tendency to separate is strongly resisted by the cohesive iorjceoi the coating substance, particularly where the peaks of the crinkles 01' d1!- ierent plies are Joined together by relatively thlnilim's oi substance. This'acti0n [is not round in coniointly crepcd materials. as where twosheek'o'i plain paper are first cemented'together are then creped as one web, since herethc cementltious substance is creped with-the and elongates therewith when stretched, and since the paper layers stretch conjointly the cohesive resistance oithe-cementitious' layer isn'ot utiliacd With creped. iabrics' ng universal stretchabillty the phenomenon bove discussed is productive -ot imusual' results. In the first place, the fabric has an unusual resistance to the removal oi. stretch. In the second place. the

fabric is serviceable for a number or purposes since a strain placed asainst the iabrlc may initiallybe greater than the ultimate tensile strength of the fabric, but will be compensated vior by the controlled elongation thereof.' This" vcoaidng is set iorth in my co-pending application, Serial No. 664,377 flied April 4, 1933, wherein a bag or other flexible container made 01 such a fabric as Iv hereinabove described, is able successfully to withstand str which would burst third place, 1, a, relatively continuously plastic terial is employed, the piles tend to re cement innew formations and the controlled resistance to the oistretch remains at a substantially throu hout a stretching operation which removes less than the total stretchahility or the materials. Inthe fourth place,:it the coating substance becomes hard and frangible, it interposes even greater initial to the removal of stretch; and ii a stretching action results in a separation of the plies, this does not destroy the ultility oi the iabric, although its resistance to further stretching may be diminished. Theplies will, of course,

re-cement ii plasticity is restored to the In the flith place, it a material is employed such 1 as rubber, having a continuous resilience as distinguished from a more or less continuous plas-j ticlty, the resistance to the-removaloi stretch increases as the material is stretched; and when.

the stretch is relieved the material tends to return to a greater orless degree toitsoriginal unstretched condition, as set forth in my copending application, Ser. No. 668.105 filed April 26, 1933. In the sixth place I'have round that still greater resistance to the removal of stretch may be obtained by incorporating relatively-short and, heterogeneously arranged iibers in the coating layer, without destroying the universally stretchable character of that layer. In the seventh place, these products, not only having unusual resistance because oi theirv general stretchability, have unusual properties because of their universal localized stretchability. Thin-my --iabrics even when made to have great thicknesses can bend back upon themselves sharply without fracture of anyoithe Theyarethu'soiparticularutilityasiloorcom-- ings. -Thatsuchan actionwouldbeimposaible in plain ieltedtwebs solidly cemented togethenis an indication of the utility oi my fabrics for me in bending structures alone or in with container board or the like which must be scored to be bent; Again thelocal universal stretchability of my i'abrics not only permits them toconiorm touneven surfaces, but, as when applied to a wall or-the like. enables them to mask a crack and compensate tor t widening or changegoi shape of the crack.

These unusualresults are bound upin large measure with the universally stretchable characterot thematerialelnplbyed. It may be said that in making materials-oi this character an in- 'itiallycoateii condition of all of the plies is not A at d D 1118! lie-1 W coated ply by means oi the coating-substancs-or additional coating substance, and a heightened resistance obtained. However, when using universally stretchable paper the resistance to. ex;- pansion is greater than when using paper stretchto a multi lateral relative movementof the piles in the stretching operation. Not this, buta imllti-lateral stretchabillty oi the individual webs gives to the products new usefulness in itself touncvensuriaces, in the reliei of strains by localizedas distinguished from general stretchability, in bending around sharp corners, and in The plural ply ,able in but one primary direction, due doubtless fabric of my invention may readily be and will take perfectly very intricate patterns, Likewise, as hereinabove indicated, my material may bebent without cracking andv without scoringthroughasharpanglebyreasonoi'thelocalized stretchability of the several plies, which un- "der these circumstances move and/or stretch rel ativelyto'each othertotakeupthevarying oi the bending operation. Hitherto in the production of articles from boxboard 01' the like, it has beehnecessary to score the material where it is to! bent. Such scoring results not only in a separation in the plies but also facilitates the disruption or: the outerplies when the board is bent. a com osite fabric,

of a pluralityot plies of universally stretchable material made in accordance with my invention may be bent upon itself without scoring and without the disruption of plies. Moreover, one

or more plies oi coated universally stretchable rs ruption of the surface ply at least.

I have shown in Fig. 2 a product comprising the.

web of universally stretchable paper I, joined by a coating substance 8 to a web 9 of relatively stiff material such as boxboard or fiber board. When this product is. bent as shown in Fig. 3, there is no disruption of the outer ply. The relatively stiff material may be faced on both sides if desired with a coated ply of universally stretchable paper. The universally stretchable paper has in addition the power to accommodate itself ,to initial surface irregularities of a relatively stiff material or some other support to which it may be applied. Thus panels of stiff material such as board may be covered with a coated layer com-- prising one or more plies of universally stretchable paper and the ply or plies worked and stretched until it accommodates itself accurately to the surface and to the area to which it is applied. In this way covers may be made for containers of stiff material, applied to the surfaces thereof and worked into continuous surface con-,

tact and surface conformation. This function exists not only in single plies but in plural plies of the flexible and universally stretchable material for reasons which have been set forth'hereinabove.

Likewise completedfabrics comprising plies of universally stretchable materialhave not only the power to lie fiat upon regular surfaces, but also to conform themselves to irregular surfaces. For roofing, siding, wall covering, book binding and the like, my novel product has unusual useful ness.-

In Figure 4, I have shown a composite fabric comprising universally stretchable webs i0 and II, coated with cementing substance as at I2 and I3. Relatively short and heterogeneously arranged fibers, as indicated at I4, are placed between the plies so as to be caught by and bonded into the cementing substance. This may be accomplished readily by sprinkling or dusting the fibers upon a coated ply while the coating is in an adhesive condition. An excess of the fibers may be employed, i. e., more than will immediately bond to the coating, and the excess may be reg moved, immediately, or after further handling of the ply. When a ply has been treated with fibers, another coated ply may be adhesively secured to it, or not, as desired. The addition of fibers, as described, will make a single coating much more resistant to the removal of stretch, and in some instances a firmly adhered coating of heterogeneously arranged fibers uopn an external coating 2 will give a desirable surface texture.

The fibers employed may be such as jute, hemp, cotton, or other vegetable or animal fibers, or mineral fibers such as asbestos. By short, I mean varying in length, say from one quarter of an inch or shorter, to two or three inches, although these figures are not limiting. Since they are short and -heterogeneously arranged, they retard, but do not destroy the universal stretchability of the coating substance. Upon stress, they will slip with reference to the coating, or will move therein if the coating has a resident plasticity. They increase the resistance of the whole fabric tostretching, without substantially impairing its ultimate stretchability; they increase somewhat the ultimate strength of thefabric; and they make the fabric much more resistant to puncturing.

My invention likewise contemplates the junc-.

ture of a stretchable web to another web or -number of P material, which whether or not it ,is itself stretchable, will not act to destroy the stretchability of the stretchable web. Thus in the practice of my invention a stretchable web maybe joined to a web which is frangible or disintegrable generally, within the limits of the resistance to stretchability of thecombined structure. I have shown in Figure 5, a web of creped paper-l5, joined by means of a coating substance IE, to a web "of frangible or disintegrable material, such, for example, as a light tissue or a web of loose fibrous material. The tissue, if employed,

.may have varied characteristics, and may it'-- self be creped or uncreped. It may be so loosely matted or have suchinherent stretchability as to yield with the main web, or it may have the property of breaking or disintegrating at a large In this particular aspect of my invention, however, I distinguish the products last hereinabove described from products in which, for example, a stretchable. paper web is joined to a stout plain paper web. In such a product the application of stretching strains will fracture the stout plain paper .web at one point or' at a small number of points; and upon the continued application of the stretching strain this will result in the preliminary removal of the entire local stretchability of the stretchable web adjacent the fracture, thereby weakening the structure. Some additional stretch may be realized by separation of the plies adjacent the fracture, but this will depend upon the nature of the "juncture between vwebs and the adhesion and cohesion 'of the cementing agent. A web which,

while it may not itself be stretchable, is generally frangible or disintegrable, will not destroy.

the general stretchability of the combined structure.

A product comprising a web of stretchable material joined by cementing to a web of thin tissue, for example, is useful also as an intermediate stage product in the formation of other structures. Where paper has been creped by means of a bitumen and where it is desired to store it as such, the problem of rendering the coating non-adhesive has bee'n troublesome. The application ofa thin tissue-to the coated side of such product solves this, problem without de-.

may facilitate separation of plies, which may-bedesirable in some structures. I

It will be understood that modifications can the spirit thereof. I Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is: I 4

1. In .combination a layer of creped paper of substantial weight and strength, bearing on its surface a layer of adhesive substance, and joined by means of said layer to a thin, tissue-like web, said last mentioned web acting normally to prevent accidental adherence of said adhesive laybe made in my invention without departing from 'er to objects, and said last mentioned web lie-f said set mentioned webactins '10 tesrableinsubstantlallyalllt'sparts raid first mentioned web is stretched so as 4" i 1 some in: dlsintesrable' in-substantially all its'parts when said first mentioned-web isstretched so as'notto destroy eitherthe local or seneral stretchability oi said layer of creped paper.

I. Incombination a layer of ereped paper of substantial weight and strenstlnbsarin: on its suriaeealayer oiadhesivesnbstancaandjolned by means of said layer to a thin, thus-like web,

to prevent idental adherence otsald adhesive ertoobiects, andsaidlastlhentionedweb disinte'srableinsubstantialballitspartsw ilrstmentioned-layerisstretched, so asnot to destroy either the local or general stretehability oisaidlayerotuniversallystretchablepaper.

tmcombuation, two layers oi! stretchable paper oi substantial weisht and strensth cementedtose'therbymeansolanadhesivaanda.

layer oithin.,tisue-likematerialoi ilbrouscharacter located therebetween and by said adhesive, said tissue-like material being disintegrable in substantially all its parts when said combination is stretched soasnot to destroy either the local or the general strsfzehability of i said layers oi stretchable paper.

5.1:; comblnatlon.'two layers or stretchable paper of substantial weisht and strenzth'eemented together by means of an'adhesive, and 7 short, heteroseneously arransed fibrous material located therebetween and substantially permeated by said adhesive, said ilbrous material actlnstoretardbutnottodestroyeitberthelocal Q or general stretchabllltyof said combination I

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