CN100507121C - 包含人造短纤维的缠结织物 - Google Patents
包含人造短纤维的缠结织物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100507121C CN100507121C CNB038255324A CN03825532A CN100507121C CN 100507121 C CN100507121 C CN 100507121C CN B038255324 A CNB038255324 A CN B038255324A CN 03825532 A CN03825532 A CN 03825532A CN 100507121 C CN100507121 C CN 100507121C
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- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
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Abstract
提供一种缠结织物,其包含与纤维组分水刺缠结的非织造纤维网。非织造纤维网由人造短纤维形成并且是起绉的。例如,在一个实施方案中,非织造纤维网是起绉的点粘合梳理纤维网。根据本发明可以获得极好的液体处理特性,而不会导致经常与点粘合非织造纤维网相关的较差的液体处理能力。事实上,本发明的缠结织物可以具有改良的松密度、柔性度和毛细张力。
Description
技术领域
家庭和工业用擦拭器通常用于快速吸收极性液体(例如水和酒精)和非极性液体(例如油)。擦拭器必须具有足够的吸收能力以将液体保持在擦拭器结构中,直到希望通过压力,例如绞干移除液体。另外,擦拭器也必须具有良好的机械强度和抗磨损性以经受在使用期间经常施加的撕扯、拉伸和磨损作用力。此外,擦拭器也应该是手感柔软的。
背景技术
在过去,例如熔喷法非织造纤维网的非织造织物普遍地用作擦拭器。熔喷法非织造纤维网具有纤维间粘合毛细结构,其适于吸收和保持液体。然而,熔喷法非织造纤维网往往缺乏用作重负荷擦拭器所需的物理属性,例如撕裂强度和抗磨损性。因而,熔喷法非织造纤维网典型地被层压到支撑层,例如纺粘非织造纤维网,其对于研磨或粗糙表面上的使用是不理想的。
纺粘和人造短纤维非织造纤维网,其包含比熔喷法非织造纤维网更厚和更坚固的纤维,并且典型地由热和压力点粘合,其可以提供良好的物理特性,包括撕裂强度和抗磨损性。然而,纺粘和人造短纤维非织造纤维网往往缺乏增强擦拭器吸收特性的细小的纤维间粘合毛细结构。此外,纺粘和人造短纤维非织造纤维网通常包含可能阻碍液体在非织造纤维网内部流动或传递的粘合点。
因此,需要一种广泛用于各种擦拭器应用中的织物,其坚固、柔软并且同时表现出良好的吸收特性。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面,公开了一种用于形成一种织物的方法。所述方法包括形成一个粘合非织造纤维网,其限定第一表面和第二表面。粘合非织造纤维网包括人造短纤维。人造短纤维可以由多种材料并使用任何已知的人造短纤维成形方法形成。例如,以聚酯、尼龙、人造丝及其组合。此外,在一个实施方案中,人造短纤维也可以包含多组分纤维。
一旦形成非织造纤维网,纤维网的第一表面被粘附到第一起绉面,纤维网然后从那被起绉。在一个实施方案中,例如,将起绉粘合剂以间隔图案涂覆到非织造纤维网的第一表面,由此非织造纤维网的第一表面根据这个间隔图案被粘附到起绉面。此外,在一些实施方案中,非织造纤维网的第二表面也可以被粘附到第二起绉面,纤维网然后从那被起绉。虽然不是必须的,将纤维网两个表面起绉有时可以增强所获得织物的特性。
起绉非织造纤维网然后与纤维组分水刺缠结。如果需要,起绉非织造纤维网可以与包含纤维素纤维的纤维材料缠结。除了纤维素纤维以外,纤维材料可以进一步包括其它类型的纤维,例如合成短纤维。在一些实施方案中,纤维组分大于织物重量的50%,并且在一些实施方案中,占织物重量的约60%—约90%。
根据本发明的另一个方面,公开了一种复合织物,其包括与包含纤维素纤维的纤维组分水刺缠结的起绉非织造纤维网。起绉非织造纤维网包含人造短纤维。纤维组分大于织物重量的50%,并且在一些实施方案中,占织物重量的约60%—约90%。此外,在一些实施方案中,人造短纤维包括多组分纤维,并且非织造纤维网为点粘合的梳理纤维网。
本发明的其它特征和方面在以下更详细地讨论。
附图简要说明
更具体地在说明书的其余部分中,参考附图提出本发明完整和可实现的公开,包括对于本领域普通技术人员的最佳方式,其中:
图1是用于根据本发明一个实施方案将非织造基质起绉的方法的示意图;以及
图2是用于根据本发明一个实施方案形成水刺缠结复合织物的方法示意图。
在本说明书和附图中重复使用的附图标记代表本发明相同或相似的功能部件或元件。
具体实施方式
现在将详细提及本发明的各个实施方案,其一个或多个实施例在下面提出。每个实施例作为对本发明的解释而不是对本发明的限制。事实上,这对本领域技术人员是显而易见的,即,在本发明中可以作出各种改变和变化而不背离本发明的精神和范围。例如,作为一个实施方案部分被图解或描述的特征可以用于另一实施方案上以产生又一实施方案。因而,本发明覆盖这种落入附上权利要求及其等效物的范围中的改变和变化。
定义
本文中使用的术语“非织造织物或纤维网”指具有单独纤维或线结构的纤维网,它们被夹入中间,但不是以如针织物的可确认方式。非织造织物或纤维网由许多方法形成,例如熔喷法、纺粘法、粘合梳理纤维网法等等。
本文中使用的术语“梳理纤维网”指由人造短纤维通过精梳或梳理单元制成的纤维网,其将纤维分开或分裂并对齐以形成非织造纤维网。
本文中使用的术语“多组分纤维”指由至少两种聚合物组分制成的纤维。这种纤维通常从独立的挤出机挤出但一起纺丝以形成一根纤维。各组分的聚合物通常互不相同,虽然多组分纤维可以包括类似或相同的聚合物原料的各个组分。各组分典型地设置在纤维横截面中的基本上固定定位的不同区域中,并且基本上沿着纤维的整个长度延伸。这种纤维的构形可以是例如并排结构、盘形(pie)结构或者其它的结构。双组分纤维和制造上述双组分纤维的方法在授予Kaneko等人的美国专利5,108,820、授予Kruege等人的4,795,668、授予Pike等人的5,382,400、授予Strack等人的5,336,552、以及授予Marmon等人的6,200,669中公开,它们的全文在此结合引作参考。包含上述双组分纤维的纤维和各个组分也可以具有各种不规则的形状,例如在授予Hogle等人的美国专利5,277,976、授予Hills等人的5,162,074、授予Hills的5,466,410、授予Largman等人地5,069,970以及授予Largman等人的5,057,368中所描述的形状,它们的全文在此结合引作参考。
本文中使用的术语“浆粕”指由天然材料例如木本和非木本植物制成的纤维。木本织物包括例如落叶和针叶树。非木本织物包括例如棉花、亚麻、细茎针茅草、马利筋、稻草、黄麻、大麻和甘蔗渣。
本文中使用的术语“平均纤维长度”指使用可以从芬兰Kajaani OyElectronics,Kajaani公司获得的型号为Fs—100的Kajaani纤维分析器测得的浆粕纤维的加权平均长度。根据测试工序,浆粕样品由浸渍液处理以保证不存在纤维束或碎片。每个浆粕样品被分解进入热水中并被稀释成约0.001%的溶液。当使用标准Kajaani纤维分析测试方法进行测试时,从稀释溶液中抽出约50—100毫升的各测试样品。加权平均纤维长度可以通过以下的等式表示:
其中
k=最大纤维长度
xi=纤维长度
ni=具有长度xi的纤维数目;以及
n=测试纤维的总数目。
本文中使用的术语“低平均纤维长度浆粕”指包含大量短纤维和非纤维微粒的浆粕。许多二次木纤维浆粕可以被认为是低平均纤维长度浆粕;然而,二次木纤维浆粕的质量取决于再生纤维的质量及在先处理的类型和数量。当由光学纤维分析器测量时,例如型号为FS—100的Kajaani纤维分析器(芬兰Kajaani Oy Electronics,Kajaani),低平均纤维长度浆粕可以具有小于约1.2毫米的平均纤维长度。例如,低平均纤维长度浆粕可以具有从约0.7至1.2毫米的平均纤维长度。示例性的低平均纤维长度浆粕包括原生硬木浆粕,以及来自例如办公废纸、新闻纸和纸板碎屑的二次纤维浆粕。
本文中使用的术语“高平均纤维长度浆粕”指包含相对少量短纤维和非纤维微粒的浆粕。高平均纤维长度浆粕典型地由某些非二次(即,原生)纤维制成。筛过的次级纤维浆粕也可以具有高平均纤维长度。当由光学纤维分析器测量时,例如型号为FS—100的Kajaani纤维分析器(芬兰Kajaani Oy Electronics,Kajaani),高平均纤维长度浆粕典型地具有大于约1.5毫米的平均纤维长度。例如,高平均纤维长度浆粕可以具有从约1.5至约6毫米的平均纤维长度。木纤维浆粕中示例性的高平均纤维长度浆粕包括例如漂白和未漂白过的原生软木纤维浆粕。
本文中使用的术语“热点粘合”指导致形成小型、离散粘合点的粘合方法。例如,热点粘合可以包括使需要被粘合的纤维的织物或纤维网在加热砑光辊和支撑辊之间穿过。砑光辊通常,尽管不是总是,以一定的方式具有图案,因此整个织物没有在其整个表面上粘合,支撑辊通常是平辊。
本文中使用的术语“未粘合图案”或“未粘合点”指这样的一个粘合处理,其导致形成具有限定多个离散未粘合区域的连续粘合区域的图案。一种用于形成未粘合图案非织造材料的适合方法包括提供非织造织物或纤维网,提供相对设置的第一和第二砑光辊并在它们之间限定钳口,至少一个辊被加热并在其最外层表面上具有粘合图案,所述图案包括限定多个离散开口、孔或眼的凸起区域的连续图案,并且将非织造织物或纤维网穿过由辊所形成的钳口。由连续凸起区域在单个辊或多个辊中限定的每个开口在非织造织物或纤维网的至少一个表面中形成离散的未粘合区域,其中纤维网的纤维或长丝基本上或者完全未粘合。换句话说,单个辊或多个辊中凸起区域的连续图案形成粘合区域的连续图案,其在非织造织物或纤维网的至少一个表面上限定多个离散的未粘合区域。
本文中使用的术语“空气穿刺粘合”指粘合非织造纤维网的方法,其中足够热可以熔化组成纤维网纤维的一种聚合物的空气被加压穿过纤维网。聚合物的熔化和再凝固提供了粘合。
本文中使用的术语“超声波粘合”指这样的一种方法,例如通过执行如在授予Bornslaeger的美国专利4,374,888描述的将织物穿过超声波发射器和支撑辊之间,其全文在此结合引作参考。
详细描述
本发明主要涉及一种缠结织物,其包含与纤维组分水刺缠结的非织造纤维网。非织造纤维网由人造短纤维制成并是起绉的。例如,在一个实施方案中,非织造纤维网为起绉、点粘合的梳理纤维网。意外发现,根据本发明可以获得极好的液体处理特性,而不会导致经常与点粘合非织造纤维网相关的较差的液体处理能力。事实上,本发明的缠结织物可以具有改良的松密度、柔性度和毛细张力。
在本发明织物中使用的非织造纤维网可以通过多种不同的方法由多种不同的原料制成。例如,人造短纤维,包括单组分和/或多组分人造短纤维通常被用于单独或与其它纤维(例如连续纤维)结合形成非织造纤维网。人造短纤维通常具有约1—约150毫米的纤维长度范围,在一些实施方案中从约5—约50毫米,在一些实施方案中从约10—约40毫米,并且在一些实施方案中从约10—约25毫米。通常,人造短纤维使用常规的梳理方法梳理,例如羊毛或棉梳理方法。然而,其它的方法,例如空气成网或湿法成网也可以用于形成人造短纤维纤维网。
已知大量的聚合物材料适合用于制造人造短纤维。实施例包括但不局限于聚烯烃、聚酯、聚酰胺、以及其它可熔纺和/或纤维成形聚合物。可以在本发明实践中使用的聚酰胺可以是对本领域技术人员公知的任何聚酰胺,包括其共聚物和混合物。聚酰胺及其合成方法的例子可以在Don E.Floyd的“聚合树脂(Polymer Resin)”(纽约,1966年,Reinhold Publishing,Library of Congress Catalog number 66—20811)中找到。具体商业上有用的聚酰胺为尼龙—6、尼龙66、尼龙—11和尼龙—12。这些聚酰胺可以由许多厂商获得,例如EmserIndustries of Sumter,S.C.( & nylons),以及除此以外Glen Rock,N.J.的Atochem,Inc.Polymers Divisionnylons)。对于纤维产品许多聚烯烃是可用的,例如聚乙烯,其例如Dow Chemical’s LLDPE(线性低密度聚乙烯)、2553LLDPE和25355以及12350高密度聚乙烯为这种适合的聚合物。纤维成形聚丙烯包括Exxon Chemical Company的 PD3445聚丙烯以及Himont Chemical Co.的PF—304。除了上面列出的以外,许多其它的适合纤维成形聚烯烃也可由商业途径获得。另外,例如人造纤维素纤维(例如人造丝或者粘胶纤维)的其它纤维也可以用于形成人造短纤维。
用于形成非织造纤维网的纤维的每根单丝的但尼尔数也可以变化。例如,在一个具体实施方案中,用于形成非织造纤维网的人造短纤维每根长丝的但尼尔数小于约6,在一些实施方案中小于约3,并且在一些实施方案中从约1—约3。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,使用多组分(例如双组分)人造短纤维。例如,多组分纤维的适合构形包括并列构形和皮芯构形,适合的皮芯构形包括偏心皮芯和同心皮芯构形。在一些实施方案中,如本领域中公知的,用于形成多组分纤维的聚合物具有明显不同的熔点以形成不同的结晶和/或固化特性。多组分纤维可以具有重量百分比从约20%—约80%的低熔点聚合物,并且在一些实施方案中,从约40%—约60%。此外,多组分纤维可以具有重量百分比从约80%—约20%的高熔点聚合物,并且在一些实施方案中,从约60%—约40%。
用于形成非织造纤维网的人造短纤维也可以被粘合以提高纤维网的耐久性、强度、手感、美观和/或其它特性。例如,非织造纤维网可以通过热、超声、粘合剂和/或机械方式进行粘合。作为一个实例,非织造纤维网可以被点粘合。一个示例性点粘合的方法是热点粘合,其通常包括将一个或多个层在加热辊之间穿过,所述辊例如刻花辊和第二粘合辊。刻花辊以一定的方式刻花,因此纤维网没有在其整个表面上粘合,第二辊可以是光滑的或刻花的。作为结果,由于功能以及美观的原因,已经开发了用于刻花辊的各种图案。示例性的粘合图案包括但不局限于在授予Hansen等人的美国专利3,855,046、授予Levy等人的5,620,779、授予Haynes等人的5,962,112、授予Sayovitz等人的6,093,665、授予Romano等人的美国外观专利428,267以及授予Brown的美国外观专利390,708中描述的,它们的全文在此结合引作参考。例如,在一些实施方案中,非织造纤维网可以随意粘合以获得小于约30%的总粘合区域(通过传统的光学显微镜方法测得)和/或具有每平方英寸大于约100个粘合的均匀粘合密度。例如,非织造纤维网可以具有从约2%—约30%的总粘合区域和/或从每平方英寸约250—约500个粘合的粘合密度。在一些实施方案中,总粘合区域和/或粘合密度的这种结合可以通过将非织造纤维网与具有每平方英寸多于约100个针刺结合的针刺结合图案结合而获得,当完全接触光滑支撑辊时其提供了小于约30%的总结合表面区域。在一些实施方案中,当接触光滑支撑辊时,粘合图案可以具有从每平方英寸约250—约350个针刺结合的针刺粘合密度和/或从约10%—约25%的总粘合面区域。
此外,非织造纤维网可以通过连续接缝或图案(例如未粘合图案)结合。作为另外的实施例,非织造纤维网可以沿着片的外围粘合或者简单地邻近边缘在横过纤维网宽度或横向方向(CD)结合。其它的粘合技术,例如热粘合和橡胶浸渍的组合也可以使用。可替换地和/或另外,树脂、橡胶或粘合剂可以施加到非织造纤维网,例如通过喷涂或者印花,并且被烘干以提供期望的粘合。其它适合的粘合技术可以是在授予Everhart等人的美国专利5,284,703、授予Anderson等人的6,103,061以及授予Varona的6,197,404中所描述的,它们的全文在此结合引作参考。
非织造纤维网典型地也是起绉的。起绉可以在纤维网中施加微细褶皱以为其提供各种不同的特性。例如,起绉可以打开非织造纤维网的多孔结构,由此提高其渗透性。此外,起绉也可以增强纤维网在机器和/或机器横向方向中的拉伸性,同时提高其柔软度和松密度。用于对非织造纤维网起绉的各种技术在授予Varona的美国专利6,197,404中描述。例如,图1图解了起绉方法的一个实施方案,其可以用于给非织造纤维网20的一侧或两侧起绉。非织造纤维网20可以被穿过第一起绉站60、第二起绉站70或者穿过两者。如果希望仅在非织造纤维网20的一侧上起绉,其可以被穿过第一起绉站60或第二起绉站70,而绕过一个起绉站或另一个起绉站。如果希望在非织造纤维网20的两侧上起绉,其可以穿过两个起绉站60和70。
纤维网20的第一侧83可以使用第一起绉站60起绉。起绉站60包括第一印花站,其具有下部印花或光滑印花辊62、上部光滑支撑辊64和印染槽65,起绉站60也包括干燥辊66和关联的起绉刀片68。
辊62和64钳住纤维网20并引导其向前。随着辊62和64旋转,印花或光滑印花辊62浸入包含胶粘材料的槽65中,并将胶粘材料在多个间隔的位置处以局部覆盖或完全覆盖涂覆到纤维网20的第一侧83。胶粘涂覆的纤维网20然后绕干燥滚筒66穿过,在其上胶粘涂覆的表面83粘附到滚筒66。纤维网20的第一侧83然后利用刮刀68被起绉(也就是被提升离开滚筒并弯曲)。
纤维网20的第二侧85可以使用第二起绉站70被起绉,不管是否已经绕过了第一起绉站60。第二起绉站70包括第二印花站,其包括下部印花或光滑印花辊72、上部光滑支撑辊74和印染槽75,起绉站70也包括干燥滚筒76和关联的起绉刀片78。辊72和74钳住纤维网20并引导其向前。随着辊72和74旋转,印花辊72浸入包含胶粘材料的槽75中,并将胶粘材料以局部覆盖或完全覆盖涂覆到纤维网20的第二侧85。胶粘涂覆的纤维网20然后绕干燥滚筒76穿过,在其上胶粘涂覆的表面85粘附到滚筒76。纤维网20的第二侧85然后利用刮刀78被起绉。起绉之后,非织造纤维网20可以穿过冷却站80并在缠结之前卷绕到存储辊82上。
在第一和/或第二印花站涂覆到纤维网20的胶粘材料可以增强基质到起绉滚筒的粘附,同时增强纤维网20的纤维。例如,在一些实施方案中,胶粘材料可以将纤维网粘合到一个上述可选粘合技术所没有利用的程度。
通常可以使用各种各样的胶粘材料以在粘合剂涂覆位置处增强纤维网20的纤维,并将纤维网20临时粘附到滚筒66和/或76的表面。弹性材料胶粘剂(也就是可以延长至少75%而不会破裂的材料)是特别适合的。适合的材料包括但不局限于水性苯乙烯丁二烯胶粘剂、氯丁二烯橡胶、聚氯乙稀、乙烯共聚物、聚酰胺、乙烯乙烯基三元共聚物及其组合。例如,可以利用的一种胶粘材料为B.F.Goodrich公司以商品名HYCAR出售的丙烯酸类聚合物乳剂。胶粘剂可以使用上述的印花技术涂覆,或者可替换地通过熔吹、熔融喷涂、滴注、溅射或其它任何可以在非织造纤维网20上形成局部或完全胶粘剂覆盖的技术。
可以选择纤维网20的胶粘剂覆盖百分比以获得不同的起绉程度。例如,胶粘剂可以覆盖约5%—约100%的纤维网表面,在一些实施方案中约10%—约70%的纤维网表面,并且在一些实施方案中,约25%—约50%的纤维网表面。胶粘剂也可以在涂覆胶粘剂的位置中渗透非织造纤维网20。具体地,胶粘剂典型地渗透过约10%—约50%的非织造纤维网厚度,虽然在一些位置处会有更多或更少的胶粘剂渗透。
可选地,非织造纤维网20也可以在起绉之前在机器方向和/或机器横向方向中被拉伸。纤维网20的拉伸可以用于优化和增强织物的物理特性,包括但不局限于柔软度、松密度、拉伸性和回复性、渗透性、基重、密度和液体保持能力。例如,在一个实施方案中,纤维网20可以在机器方向中被机械拉伸以使纤维网20在机器横向方向中收缩或缩小。产生的缩小纤维网20因而变得在机器横向方向中更具拉伸性。纤维网20的机械拉伸可以使用本领域中公知的各种方法的任何一种完成。例如,纤维网20可以在机器方向中预拉伸其初始长度的约0—约100%,以获得可以在机器横向方向中被拉伸(例如约0—约100%)的缩小纤维网。典型地,纤维网20在机器方向中被拉伸其初始长度的约10%—约100%,更一般地其初始长度的约25%—约75%。
一旦被拉伸,第一通过涂覆到纤维网20的胶粘剂,第二通过在起绉期间施加的热量,纤维网20的尺寸可以相对稳定下来。这种稳定可以调节纤维网20的横向拉伸特性。机器方向的拉伸通过发生在起绉期间的非织造纤维网20粘合区域的非共面(out—of—plane)变形被进一步稳定。在本发明中也可以利用其它的拉伸技术以在机器和/或机器横向方向中施加拉伸力。例如,适当拉伸方法的一个实例是拉幅机法,其利用例如夹钳的夹紧装置握持非织造纤维网的边缘并施加拉伸力。认为适合在本发明中使用的拉伸技术的另一实施例在授予Fitting的美国专利5,573,719中描述,其在此结合引作参考。
根据本发明,非织造纤维网然后被水刺缠结。非织造纤维网可以单独或者与其它材料一起缠结。例如,在一些实施方案中,非织造纤维网使用水刺缠结与纤维素纤维组分整体缠结。纤维素纤维组分可以一般地包括所产生的织物的任意希望数量。例如,在一些实施方案中,纤维素纤维组分可以大于织物重量的50%,并且在一些实施方案中,在织物重量的约60%—约90%之间。同样地,在一些实施方案中,非织造纤维网可以小于织物重量的约50%,并且在一些实施方案中,从织物重量的约10%—约40%。
当使用时,纤维素纤维组分可以包含纤维素纤维(例如浆粕、热机浆粕、人造纤维素纤维、改性纤维素纤维等等)以及其它类型的纤维(例如合成短纤维)。适合纤维素纤维原料的—些实施例包括原木纤维,例如热机、漂白和未漂白的软木和硬木浆粕。也可以使用例如从办公废纸、新闻纸、牛皮纸原料、纸板碎片等所获得的二次或再生纤维,。此外,也可以使用植物纤维,例如蕉麻、亚麻、马利筋、棉、变性棉、棉绒。另外,可以使用人造纤维素纤维,例如人造丝和粘胶纤维。也可以使用变性纤维素纤维。例如,纤维材料可以是由羟基沿碳链以适当基团(例如羧基、烷基、硝酸根等)替代所形成的纤维素衍生物组成。
当使用时,浆粕纤维可以具有任意的高平均纤维长度浆粕、低平均纤维长度浆粕或其混合物。高平均纤维长度浆粕纤维典型地具有从约1.5毫米—约6毫米的平均纤维长度。这种纤维的一些实例可以包括但不局限于北方软木、南方软木、红杉、铅笔柏、铁杉、松树(例如美国长叶松)、云杉(例如黑云杉)、其组合物等等。示例性的高平均纤维长度木浆包括那些可以从Kimberly—Clark Corporation以商品名“Longlac 19”获得的。
低平均纤维长度浆粕例如可以是某些硬木原生浆粕和来自例如新闻纸、再生纸板和办公室废纸的二次(即再生的)纤维浆粕。也可以使用硬木纤维,例如桉树、枫树、桦树、白杨等等。低平均纤维长度浆粕纤维典型地具有小于约1.2毫米的平均纤维长度,例如从0.7毫米—1.2毫米。高平均纤维长度和低平均纤维长度浆粕可以包含较大比例的低平均纤维长度浆粕。例如,混合物可以包含重量百分比多于约50%的低平均纤维长度浆粕和重量百分比少于约50%的高平均纤维长度浆粕。一个示例性的混合物包含重量百分比为75%的低平均纤维长度浆粕和重量百分比约25%的高平均纤维长度浆粕。
如上面指出的,非纤维素纤维也可以被应用在纤维素纤维组分中。一些可以使用的适当非纤维素纤维的实施例包括但不局限于聚烯烃纤维、聚酯纤维、尼龙纤维、聚乙酸乙烯酯纤维及其混合物。在一些实施方案中,非纤维素纤维可以是具有例如在约0.25英寸—约0.375英寸的平均纤维长度的人造短纤维。当使用非纤维素纤维时,纤维素纤维组分通常包含重量百分比约80%—约90%的纤维素纤维,例如软木浆粕纤维,和重量百分比约10%—约20%的非纤维素纤维,例如聚酯或聚烯烃人造短纤维。
少量的湿强度树脂和/或树脂粘合剂可以被加入纤维素纤维组分以提高强度和耐磨性能。交联剂和/或水化合助剂也可以被加入浆粕混合物。如果希望非常开放或疏松的非织造浆粕纤维,脱胶剂也可以被加入浆粕混合物以减小氢键结合的程度。一定量脱胶剂的加入,例如织物重量的约1%—约4%,也表现为减少测定的静电和摩擦动力系数并提高复合织物的耐磨损性。脱胶剂被认为充当润滑剂或减摩剂。
参考图2,其图解了本发明用于将纤维素纤维组分与非织造纤维网水刺缠结的一个实施方案,所述纤维网包含人造短纤维。如图所示,包含纤维素纤维的纤维浆液被传输到常规的造纸压头箱12,在那其通过泄水槽14沉积到常规的成形织物或表面16上。纤维原料的悬浮可以具有在常规造纸方法中典型使用的任意稠度。例如,悬浮液可以包含重量百分比约0.01—约1.5%的悬浮在水中的纤维原料。然后从纤维原料的悬浮液中移除水分以形成均匀的纤维原料层18。
非织造纤维网20也从回转进给辊22退卷并穿过由堆栈辊28和30形成的S形辊排列26的钳口24。非织造纤维网20穿过由堆栈辊28和30形成的S形辊排列26的钳口24。非织造纤维网20然后被放置在常规水刺缠结机的带有小孔的缠结面32上,在那纤维素纤维层18然后被铺在纤维网20上。虽然不是需要的,典型地希望纤维素纤维层18位于非织造纤维网20和水刺缠结总管34之间。纤维素纤维层18和非织造纤维网20在一个或多个水刺缠结总管34下方穿过,并且由喷射水流处理以将纤维素纤维原料与非织造纤维网20的纤维缠结。喷射水流也可以将纤维素纤维刺入或穿过非织造纤维网20以形成复合织物36。
可替换地,水刺缠结可以在纤维素纤维层18和非织造纤维网20处于进行湿法铺网的上述输送筛网(例如网眼织物)上时进行。本发明也考虑在非织造纤维网上叠加一个干燥纤维素纤维片,使干燥片再水化至一个指定的稠度,然后使再水化片经受水刺缠结。水刺缠结可以在纤维素纤维层18被水高度浸透的同时进行。例如,在水刺缠结之前纤维素纤维层18可以包含重量百分比高达90%的水。可替换地,纤维素纤维层18可以是空气成网或干法成网的层。
水刺缠结可以利用常规的水刺缠结设备完成,例如在授予Evans的美国专利3,485,706中描述的,其全文在此结合引作参考。水刺缠结可以由任何适合的工作液体进行,例如水。工作液体流过总管,其将液体均匀地分配到多个独立的洞或孔。这些洞或孔直径可以从约0.003—约0.015英寸,并且可以以每排中任意数目的孔,例如每英寸30-100个配置为一或多排。例如,可以使用由缅因州HoneycombSystems Incorporated of Biddeford生产的总管,其包含具有0.007英寸直径的孔、每英寸30个孔的带和一排孔。然而,应该理解许多其它的总管构形和组合也可以被使用。例如,可以使用一个单独的总管或者多个总管可以接连设置。
液体可以冲击纤维素纤维层18和非织造纤维网20,它们由带小孔的表面支撑,例如具有从约40×40—约100×100网格大小的单层平面筛网。带小孔表面也可以是具有从约50×50—约200×200网格大小的多层筛网。如在许多水刺处理方法中典型地,真空吸嘴38可以直接位于水刺总管的下方或在缠结总管下游的带小孔缠结面32的下方,因此剩余的水分从水刺缠结复合材料36抽出。
虽然没有遵循任何具体的操作理论,但相信直接冲击铺设在非织造纤维网20上的纤维素纤维18的工作液体的柱状喷射使那些纤维进入并部分穿过纤维网20中纤维的矩阵或网格。当喷射液体和纤维素纤维18与非织造纤维网20结合时,纤维素纤维18也与非织造纤维网20的纤维缠结并互相缠结。为了获得纤维的期望缠结,典型地要求水刺缠结使用从约1000—3000psig的水压执行,并且在一些实施方案中,从约1200—1800psig。当以所述压力的上部范围处理时,复合织物36可以以高达约每分钟1000英尺的速度处理。
如上面指出的,缠结处理中的喷射压力典型地至少为1000psig,因为更低的压力常常不能获得期望的缠结程度。然而,应该理解可以在基本上更低的水压条件下获得充分的缠结。另外,通过使纤维承受两次或更多次的缠结处理可以获得更高的缠结。因而,这是理想的,使纤维网在缠结设备下方经受至少一个行程,其中水流喷射指向第一侧,并经受另一行程,其中水流喷射指向纤维网的相反侧。
在水流喷射处理之后,所获得的复合织物36然后可以传输至非压缩的干燥操作。差速卷绕辊40可以用于将原料从水刺带传输到非压缩的干燥操作。可替换地,可以使用常规的真空类型拾取器和传输织物。如果需要,复合织物36可以在传输至干燥操作之前被湿起绉。织物36的非压缩干燥可以利用常规的通过空气的旋转滚筒干燥设备42完成。通过干燥器42可以是外侧可旋转的烘筒44,其具有与外侧罩盖48连通用于接收穿过孔46吹入的热空气的孔46。通过干燥带50携带复合织物36越过通过干燥器的外侧烘筒40的上部。受压穿过通过干燥器42外部滚筒44中的孔46的热空气从复合织物36移除水分。由通过干燥器42加压穿过复合织物36的空气温度范围为约200°F—约500°F。其它有用的通过干燥方法和设备可以在例如授予Niks的美国专利2,666,369和授予Shaw的3,821,068中找到,它们的全文在此结合引作参考。
使用织物整理步骤和/或后处理方法来赋予复合织物36选定的特性也是期望的。例如,织物36可以由砑光辊轻压、起绉、起绒或被另外处理以增强拉伸和/或提供均匀的外观和/或某些手感。例如,在授予Gentile等人的美国专利3,879,257和授予Anderson等人的6,315,864中描述了适合的起绉技术,它们的全文在此结合引作参考。可替换地或另外,可以对织物36进行各种化学后处理,例如胶粘或染色。可以利用的其它后处理在授予Levy等人的美国专利5,853,859中描述,其全文在此结合引作参考。
本发明的织物基重一般地可以从约20—约200克/平方米(gsm),具体地从约50gsm—150gsm。更低基重的产品典型地非常适合用作轻型擦拭器,而更高基重的产品更适合用作工业擦拭器。
作为本发明的一个结果,已经发现可以形成一种具有多种有利特性的织物。例如,通过利用由相对较短的人造短纤维所形成的非织造纤维网组分,所获得的织物可以更柔软并具有增强的液体接收特性。此外,当例如如上所述的被粘合和起绉时,可以形成一种柔软的非织造纤维网,其也具有双向微孔尺寸分布(bimodal pore sizedistribution)。一般而言,双向微孔尺寸分布描述了这样的一个结构,其具有两组截然不同的微孔(不考虑在纤维中的微孔本身)例如,双向微孔尺寸分布可以描述包括具有由纤维支限定分界线的单元的第一组微孔,和更小的在邻近纤维之间限定的第二组微孔。换句话说,纤维结构中的纤维分布在整个材料中是不均匀的,因此可以对邻近或接触纤维之间的孔隙差别限定出没有或具有相对少纤维的不同的单元。双向孔大小分布可以产生增强的油和水的吸收特性。具体地,更大的孔一般对处理油更好,而更小的孔一般对处理水更好。此外,更大微孔的存在也允许产生的织物可以保持与仅包含较小微孔的织物相比的相对可拉伸性。
参考以下的实施例将更好地理解本发明。
测试方法
以下的测试方法将应用在实施例中
油吸收效率
粘性油吸收是一种用于测定织物擦拭粘性油能力的方法。纤维网样品首先被安装到滑板(10厘米×6.3厘米)的填塞面上。滑板被安装到一个设计用于将滑板在一个旋转盘上往复运动的臂上。滑板然后被称重,因此滑板和样品的组合重量为约768克。此后,滑板和横动臂被放在一个水平旋转的盘上,样品通过加重的滑板压靠盘面。具体地,滑板和横动臂被定位为滑板的前沿(6.3厘米边侧)刚好偏离盘的中心,并且滑板的10厘米中心线沿着盘的半径线定位,因此后面的6.3厘米边缘位于靠近盘的周边。
然后在盘的中心在滑板前沿的前面放上一(1)克的油。直径为约60厘米的盘以约65rpm的速度旋转,同时横动臂以每秒约21/2厘米的速度移动滑板横过盘片,直到滑板的后部边缘离开盘的外侧边缘。此时,测试结束。擦拭效率通过测定擦拭器在擦拭测试之前和之后的重量改变而被计算出。擦拭效率分数通过将擦拭器重量增加除以一(1)克(总的油重)并乘以100被确定为百分数。上述的测试在常温和相对潮湿的环境(70°F±2°F,相对湿度65%)下执行。
纤维网渗透性
纤维网渗透性通过材料对液流抵抗力的测试获得。一种已知粘度的液体受压以恒定的流速穿过给定厚度的材料,并且以压降测得的流阻被监测。如下达西定律被用于测定渗透性:
渗透性=[流速×厚度×粘度/压降]
其中单位如下:
渗透性:厘米2或达西(1达西=9.87×10—9厘米2)
流速:厘米/秒
粘度:帕斯卡一秒
压降:帕斯卡
厚度:厘米
所述设备包括这样的一个装置,其中在缸中的活塞推动液体穿过待测的样品。样品在两个垂直定向铝缸之间被夹住。两个缸外侧直径为3.5英寸,内侧直径2.5英寸长度约6英寸。3英寸直径的纤维网通过其外侧边缘被保持在适当位置,因此其被完全包容在设备中。下部缸具有一个可以在缸中以恒速垂直移动的活塞,并被连结至压力转换器,其可以监测由活塞支撑的液柱所承受的压力。转换器被定位为与活塞一起移动因此直到液柱接触样品并被推动穿过它之前不存在另外的测得压力。此时,另外的测得压力由材料对穿过它的液流的阻力引起。活塞通过一个由步进电机驱动的滑动组件移动。
测试通过以恒速移动活塞开始直到液体被推动穿过样品。活塞然后被停止并标出基准压力。这校正了样品的浮力效应。然后重新开始运动一段足够测定新的压力的时间。两个压力之间的差异就是由于材料对液流阻力的压力,并是在上述等式中使用的压降。活塞速度就是流速。可以使用任何已知粘度的液体,虽然弄湿材料的液体是优选的,因为这保证获得饱和液流。测试使用20厘米/分的活塞速度、粘度6厘泊的矿物油(由美国中部洛杉矶的Penreco生产的Peneteck Technical矿物油)完成。这个方法也在授予Varona等人的美国专利6,197,404中描述。
悬垂刚性
“悬垂刚性”测试确定材料的抗弯曲性。弯曲长度是材料重量和刚性之间相互作用的度量,其通过这样的方式显示,其中材料在其自重作用下弯曲,换句话说,通过利用复合材料在其自重作用下发生悬臂梁弯曲的原理。通常,样品以每分钟4.75英寸(12cm/min)的速度在平行于长度的方向中滑动,因此其前沿从水平面的边缘突出。当样品尖端在其自重作用下降低到这样的一个点时测得悬垂长度,在所述点处将尖端与平台边缘连结的线与水平面构成41.50°的夹角。悬垂越长,样品被弯曲的越慢;因而,更高的数字代表更刚性的复合材料。这个方法符合ASTM标准测试D1388的规范。以英寸测得的悬垂刚性是当其到达41.50°斜度时试样悬垂长度的一半。
测试样品被如下准备。样品被切成1英寸(2.54厘米)宽和6英寸(15.24厘米)长的矩形条。每个样品的试样在机器方向和横向中被测试。使用适合的Drape—Flex刚度测试仪,例如可以从位于纽约Amityville的Testing Machines.Inc获得的型号为79—10的FRL—Cantilever弯曲测试仪执行所述测试。
油吸收速度
油吸收速度是样品吸收特定量的油所需的以秒为单位的时间。例如,在如下的实施例中测定了80W—90齿轮油的吸收速度。具有一个直径为三英寸的开口的板位于烧杯顶部。样品在烧杯顶部上垂下并由板将其覆盖以将试样保持在适当位置。一个有刻度的点滴器被充满油并保持在试样上方。然后从点滴器滴下四滴油到样品上,开始计时。在油被吸收到样品上并且在直径为三英寸的开口中不再看见之后,停止计时并记录时间。以秒测定的较低的吸收时间代表较快的吸入速率。所述测试在73.4°F±3.6°F和相对湿度50%±5%的条件下进行。
实施例
证明了根据本发明形成缠结织物的能力。由不同的非织造纤维网形成两个样品(样品1—2)。
样品1由1.2osy(盎司/码2)的点粘合梳理纤维网形成。梳理纤维网包含30%的粘胶短纤维和70%的聚酯/聚乙烯双组分人造短纤维(可以从日本大阪的Chisso Corporation获得)。粘胶短纤维但尼尔数为3,双组分纤维但尼尔数为3。纤维网使用295°F的金属线织造粘合图案进行热点粘合。点粘合的梳理纤维网被起绉40%。纤维网使用National Starch and Chemical乳胶粘合剂DUR-O-SET E-200起绉。粘合剂在粘附到起绉滚筒之前使用凹版刷胶被涂覆到纤维网。起绉滚筒被保持在190°F。
样品2油0.6osy的点粘合的纺粘纤维网形成。纺粘纤维网包含100%的聚丙烯纤维。聚丙烯纤维每根长丝的但尼尔数为3.0。
对于样品1—2,纺粘纤维网然后在粗拔钢丝网上使用三股喷射水刺与浆粕纤维组分以1200磅/英寸2的缠结压力被水刺缠结。浆粕纤维组分包含LL—19北方软木牛皮纸纤维(可以从Kimberly—Clark获得)和1wt%的(一种可以从Goldschmidt获得的离解剂)。织物被烘干并使用可以从Air Products,Inc获得的商品名为“Airflex A—105”(粘度95cps,含28%的固体颗粒)的乙烯/乙烯基醋酸盐共聚物乳胶粘合剂被印粘到干燥器。织物然后被起绉20%。获得的织物基重为约110克/米2,并包含重量百分比为40%的非织造纤维网和60%的浆粕纤维组分。
然后测试样品1—2的各种特性。结果在下面表1中列出。
表1:样品1—2的特性
样品 | 油吸收效率(%) | 纤维网渗透性(达西) | 机器方向悬垂刚性(英寸) | 横向悬垂刚性(英寸) | 油吸收速度(秒) |
1 | 82 | 209 | 3.00 | 2.85 | 7 |
2 | 62 | 70 | 3.55 | 2.85 | 26 |
因而,如上面指出的,应用点粘合梳理纤维网的样品1具有比应用纺粘纤维网的样品2更好的油吸收效率、纤维网渗透性和油吸收速度。另外,这种增强的油吸收特性也可以被获得而不需要较大地提高擦拭器的刚性,如由样品1的相对较低悬垂刚性值所证明的。
虽然本发明已经详细描述了其具体实施方案,很明显对于本领域技术人员来说,通过理解前述内容,可以轻易地想像出这些实施方案的改变、变化和等效形式。因此,本发明的范围应该被确定为所附权利要求及其所有等效物的范围。
Claims (24)
1.一种用于形成织物的方法,包括:
形成一个粘合非织造纤维网,其限定第一表面和第二表面,所述粘合非织造纤维网包括人造短纤维;
将所述粘合非织造纤维网的所述第一表面粘附到第一起绉面;
从所述第一起绉面使所述粘合非织造纤维网起绉;以及
此后,将所述起绉粘合非织造纤维网与纤维组分水刺缠结。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述人造短纤维的长度为1-150毫米。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述人造短纤维的长度为10-40毫米。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述人造短纤维包括多组分纤维。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述人造短纤维包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酯、尼龙、人造丝或其组合。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述粘合非织造纤维网是梳理纤维网。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述粘合非织造纤维网是点粘合的。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述纤维组分包括纤维素纤维。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述纤维组分大于织物重量的50%。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述纤维组分占织物重量的60%-90%。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括将起绉粘合剂以间隔图案涂覆到所述粘合非织造纤维网的所述第一表面上的步骤,由此所述第一表面根据所述间隔图案被粘附到所述第一起绉面上.
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括将所述粘合非织造纤维网的所述第二表面粘附到第二起绉面并从所述第二表面起绉所述粘合非织造纤维网的步骤。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,进一步包括将起绉粘合剂以间隔图案涂覆到所述粘合非织造纤维网的所述第二表面上的步骤,由此所述第二表面根据所述间隔图案被粘附到所述第二起绉面上。
14.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中在1000-3000磅/英寸2的水压下,所述起绉粘合非织造纤维网与所述纤维组分发生缠结。
15.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中在1200-1800磅/英寸2的水压下,所述起绉粘合非织造纤维网与所述纤维组分发生缠结。
16.一种复合织物,包括与包含纤维素纤维的纤维组分水刺缠结的起绉粘合非织造纤维网,所述粘合非织造纤维网包含热塑性人造短纤维,其中所述纤维组分是在所述非织造纤维网被起绉之后与所述非织造纤维网水刺缠结的,并且其中所述纤维组分大于织物重量的50%。
17.如权利要求16所述的复合织物,其中所述人造短纤维包含多组分纤维。
18.如权利要求16所述的复合织物,其中所述人造短纤维包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酯、尼龙、人造丝或其组合。
19.如权利要求16所述的复合织物,其中所述粘合非织造纤维网是梳理纤维网。
20.如权利要求16所述的复合织物,其中所述粘合非织造纤维网是点粘合的。
21.如权利要求16所述的复合织物,其中所述纤维组分占织物重量的60%-90%。
22.一种复合织物,包括与包含纤维素纤维的纤维组分水刺缠结的点粘合梳理非织造纤维网,所述非织造纤维网包含多组分人造短纤维,所述纤维组分大于织物重量的50%,其中所述非织造纤维网在与所述纤维组分水刺缠结之前被起绉。
23.如权利要求22所述的复合织物,其中所述人造短纤维包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酯、尼龙、人造丝或其组合。
24.如权利要求22所述的复合织物,其中所述纤维组分占织物重量的60%-90%。
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-
2002
- 2002-12-23 US US10/328,751 patent/US6958103B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-09-16 WO PCT/US2003/029175 patent/WO2004061182A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-09-16 CN CNB038255324A patent/CN100507121C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-09-16 AU AU2003267253A patent/AU2003267253B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-09-16 RU RU2005117390/12A patent/RU2005117390A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-09-16 MX MXPA05006006A patent/MXPA05006006A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2003-09-16 BR BR0317058-6A patent/BR0317058A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-09-16 EP EP03749724A patent/EP1579049A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-09-16 KR KR1020057010075A patent/KR20050088372A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-09-16 CA CA002508787A patent/CA2508787A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-09-16 JP JP2004564729A patent/JP2006511730A/ja not_active Abandoned
-
2005
- 2005-06-06 ZA ZA200504607A patent/ZA200504607B/en unknown
- 2005-07-13 US US11/180,392 patent/US20050245160A1/en not_active Abandoned
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BR0317058A (pt) | 2005-10-25 |
US20040121689A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 |
US20050245160A1 (en) | 2005-11-03 |
AU2003267253B2 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
CN1714185A (zh) | 2005-12-28 |
RU2005117390A (ru) | 2006-01-20 |
AU2003267253A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
EP1579049A1 (en) | 2005-09-28 |
US6958103B2 (en) | 2005-10-25 |
WO2004061182A1 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
ZA200504607B (en) | 2006-09-27 |
KR20050088372A (ko) | 2005-09-05 |
MXPA05006006A (es) | 2005-08-18 |
JP2006511730A (ja) | 2006-04-06 |
CA2508787A1 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
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