CN102781873A - 多孔钛酸铝镁的制造方法及多孔钛酸铝镁 - Google Patents

多孔钛酸铝镁的制造方法及多孔钛酸铝镁 Download PDF

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CN102781873A
CN102781873A CN2011800129553A CN201180012955A CN102781873A CN 102781873 A CN102781873 A CN 102781873A CN 2011800129553 A CN2011800129553 A CN 2011800129553A CN 201180012955 A CN201180012955 A CN 201180012955A CN 102781873 A CN102781873 A CN 102781873A
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source power
titanium
magnesium
porous aluminum
satisfies
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当间哲朗
岩崎健太郎
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Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
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Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明的多孔钛酸铝镁的制造方法为,将含有Al源粉末、Mg源粉末、Ti源粉末和Si源粉末以及造孔剂的混合物成型得到成型体,将所得到的成型体预烧成后,进行烧成,由此制造多孔钛酸铝镁的方法,其特征在于,相对于Al源粉末、Mg源粉末、Ti源粉末和Si源粉末的总计100质量份,造孔剂的含量为5质量份~30质量份,Si源粉末的熔点为600℃~1300℃,混合物中的Al、Mg、Ti和Si的元素组成比以组成式(1):Al2(1 x)MgxTi(1 x)O5+aAl2O3+bSiO2…(1)表示时,x满足0.05≤x≤0.15,a满足0≤a≤0.1,b满足0.05≤b≤0.15,在1300℃~1560℃下将预烧成后的成型体烧成。

Description

多孔钛酸铝镁的制造方法及多孔钛酸铝镁
技术领域
本发明涉及多孔钛酸铝镁的制造方法以及多孔钛酸铝镁。
背景技术
钛酸铝镁为含有Al、Mg和Ti作为构成元素的陶瓷。作为钛酸铝镁的制造方法,专利文献1、专利文献2和专利文献3中公开了将含有铝源粉末、镁源粉末、钛源粉末和硅源粉末的混合物成型得到成型体,将所得到的成型体烧成的方法。具体地说,作为混合物,Al、Mg、Ti和Si的元素组成比以组成式(1):
Al2(1-x)MgxTi(1+x)O5+aAl2O3+bSiO2…(1)
表示时,使用x为0.50、a为0.01~0.05、b为0.02~0.25所示的混合物的例子如专利文献1所公开,使用x为0.25~0.95、a为0.1、b为0.1所示的混合物的例子如专利文献2所公开,使用x为0.08、a为0.07、b为0.08所示的混合物的例子如专利文献3所公开。根据上述制造方法,通过烧成,铝源粉末、镁源粉末和钛源粉末反应,可以得到目标钛酸铝镁。
专利文献
专利文献1:国际公开WO2005/105704号小册子
专利文献2:国际公开WO2004/039747号小册子
专利文献3:日本特开2009-196881号公报。
发明内容
钛酸铝镁用作用于捕集从内燃机排出的废气中的微粒的微粒过滤器等过滤器时,要求其为多孔。作为制造多孔的钛酸铝镁的方法,可以举出将除了铝源粉末、镁源粉末、钛源粉末和硅源粉末之外还含有造孔剂(細孔形成剤)的混合物成型得到成型体,将所得到的成型体预烧成,由此烧去造孔剂,然后进行烧成的方法。所得到的多孔钛酸铝镁期望具有更大的孔隙度。因此,本发明人为了开发可以制造具有更大的孔隙度的多孔钛酸铝的方法而进行精心研究,结果完成本发明。
即,本发明提供多孔钛酸铝镁的制造方法,其为将含有铝源粉末、镁源粉末、钛源粉末和硅源粉末以及造孔剂的混合物成型得到成型体,将所得到的成型体预烧成,由此使上述造孔剂消失后,进行烧成,从而使上述铝源粉末、镁源粉末和钛源粉末反应,制造多孔钛酸铝镁的方法,其特征在于,
上述混合物中,相对于铝源粉末、镁源粉末、钛源粉末和硅源粉末的总含量100质量份,造孔剂的含量为5质量份~30质量份,
上述硅源粉末的熔点为600℃~1300℃,
上述混合物中的Al、Mg、Ti和Si的元素组成比以组成式(1):
Al2(1-x)MgxTi(1+x)O5+aAl2O3+bSiO2…(1)
表示时,x满足0.05≤x≤0.15,a满足0≤a≤0.1,b满足0.05≤b≤0.15,
在1300℃~1550℃下将预烧成后的上述成型体烧成。
通过本发明的制造方法得到的多孔钛酸铝镁,其特征在于,含有Si元素,
Al、Mg、Ti和Si的元素组成比以组成式(1):
Al2(1-x)MgxTi(1+x)O5+aAl2O3+bSiO2…(1)
表示时,x满足0.05≤x≤0.15,a满足0≤a≤0.1,b满足0.05≤b≤0.15。
发明效果
根据本发明的制造方法,由于混合物中的组成式(1)中的x为0.15以下,b为0.15,可以制造具有更大的孔隙度的多孔钛酸铝镁。
具体实施方式
[铝源粉末]
本发明的制造方法中使用的铝源粉末为,即将形成构成目标多孔钛酸铝镁的铝成分的原料粉末。
作为铝源粉末,可以举出例如氧化铝(氧化铝)的粉末。作为氧化铝的晶型,可以举出α型、γ型、δ型、θ型等,也可以为非晶型(无定形),优选为α型。
铝源粉末可以为通过单独在空气中烧成而产生氧化铝的粉末。作为上述粉末,可以举出例如铝盐、铝醇盐、氢氧化铝、金属铝等的粉末。
铝盐可以为铝与无机酸的无机盐或铝与有机酸的有机盐。作为铝无机盐,具体地说,可以举出例如硝酸铝、硝酸铵铝等铝硝酸盐,碳酸铵铝等铝碳酸盐等。作为铝有机盐,可以举出例如草酸铝、乙酸铝、硬脂酸铝、乳酸铝、月桂酸铝等。
作为铝醇盐,具体地说,可以举出例如异丙醇铝、乙醇铝、仲丁醇铝、叔丁醇铝等。
作为氢氧化铝,具体地说,晶型的可以举出例如三水铝石型、三羟铝石型、诺三水铝石(ノロソトランダイト)型、勃姆石型、拟勃姆石型,也可以为非晶型(无定形)的氢氧化铝。作为非晶型的氢氧化铝,可以举出例如将铝盐、铝醇盐等水溶性铝化合物的水溶液水解而得到的铝水解物。
铝源粉末可以各自单独使用或组合2种以上来使用。铝源粉末可以含有来自其原料或在制备步骤中不可避免地混入的微量的杂质。
作为铝源粉末,优选使用氧化铝粉末。
铝源粉末的相当于体积基准计的累积百分率50%的粒径(D50)通常在20μm~60μm、优选在30μm~60μm的范围内。通过使铝源粉末的D50在上述范围内,容易地得到孔隙度大的多孔钛酸铝镁,同时可以降低烧成中的收缩率。应予说明,铝源粉末的D50通过激光衍射法测定。
[钛源粉末]
钛源粉末为即将形成构成目标多孔钛酸铝镁的钛成分的原料粉末。
作为钛源粉末,可以举出例如氧化钛的粉末。作为氧化钛,可以举出例如氧化钛(IV)、氧化钛(III)、氧化钛(II)等,优选使用氧化钛(IV)。作为氧化钛(IV)的晶型,可以举出锐钛矿型、金红石型、板钛矿型等,也可以为非晶型(无定形),优选为锐钛矿型、金红石型。
钛源粉末可以为通过单独在空气中烧成而产生二氧化钛(氧化钛)的粉末。作为上述粉末,可以举出例如钛盐、钛醇盐、氢氧化钛、氮化钛、硫化钛、钛金属等的粉末。
作为钛盐,具体地说,可以举出三氯化钛、四氯化钛、硫化钛(IV)、硫化钛(VI)、硫酸钛(IV)等。作为钛醇盐,具体地说,可以举出乙醇钛(IV)、甲醇钛(IV)、叔丁醇钛(IV)、异丁醇钛(IV)、正丙醇钛(IV)、四异丙醇钛(IV)和它们的螯合物等。
钛源粉末可以各自单独使用或组合2种以上来使用。钛源粉末可以含有来自其原料或在制备步骤中不可避免地混入的微量的杂质。作为钛源粉末,优选使用氧化钛粉末。
对钛源粉末的粒径不特别限定,但是其相当于体积基准计的累积百分率50%的粒径(D50)通常在0.1μm~25μm的范围内,为了降低烧成中的收缩率,优选在1μm~20μm的范围内。应予说明,钛源粉末的D50通过激光衍射法测定。
[镁源粉末]
镁源粉末为即将形成构成目标多孔钛酸铝镁的镁成分的原料粉末。
作为镁源粉末,可以举出氧化镁(氧化镁)的粉末。此外,还可以举出通过单独在空气中烧成而产生氧化镁的粉末,例如镁盐、镁醇盐、氢氧化镁、氮化镁、金属镁等的粉末。
作为镁盐,具体地说,可以举出氯化镁、高氯酸镁、磷酸镁、焦磷酸镁、草酸镁、硝酸镁、碳酸镁、乙酸镁、硫酸镁、柠檬酸镁、乳酸镁、硬脂酸镁、水杨酸镁、肉豆蔻酸镁、葡萄糖酸镁、二甲基丙烯酸镁、苯甲酸镁等。
作为镁醇盐,具体地说,可以举出甲醇镁、乙醇镁等。
镁源粉末可以各自单独使用或组合2种以上来使用。镁源粉末可以含有来自其原料或在制备步骤中不可避免地混入的微量的杂质。
对镁源粉末的粒径不特别限定,但是其相当于体积基准计的累积百分率50%的粒径(D50)通常在0.5μm~30μm的范围内,从降低烧成中的收缩率的观点考虑,优选在3μm~20μm的范围内。镁源粉末的D50通过激光衍射法测定。
[硅源粉末]
硅源粉末的熔点为600℃~1300℃。硅源粉末在烧成时形成熔融状态、烧成后通常形成非晶型(无定形)的硅酸化物成分、其为在目标钛酸铝镁中含有的原料粉末。
作为上述熔点的硅源粉末,可以举出例如玻璃料。玻璃料指的是以硅酸[SiO2]作为主要成分、即全部成分中50质量%以上的含量,还含有其它的成分例如氧化铝[Al2O3]、氧化钠[Na2O]、氧化钾[K2O]、氧化钙[CaO]、氧化镁[Mg2O]、氧化锆(ZrO2)的片状或粉末状的玻璃。玻璃料例如可通过将玻璃块粉碎来得到。对于玻璃料,硅酸以外的其它成分的含量越多则形成熔点越低的玻璃料。
对硅源粉末的粒径不特别限定,但是使用相当于体积基准计的累积百分率50%的粒径(D50)通常在0.5μm以上且30μm以下、优选在1μm以上且20μm以下的范围内的硅源粉末。硅源粉末的D50通过激光衍射法测定。
[造孔剂]
作为造孔剂,可以举出例如石墨等碳材料,聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯等树脂类,淀粉、坚果壳、核桃壳、玉米等植物系材料等。作为上述植物系材料中的淀粉,可以举出例如玉米淀粉、大麦淀粉、小麦淀粉、木薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、豆淀粉、米淀粉、豌豆淀粉、西谷椰子淀粉(サンゴヤシ澱粉)、美人蕉淀粉等。
造孔剂的粒径通常为5μm~50μm,优选为15μm以上。
[混合物]
适用于本发明的制造方法的混合物,如上所述为含有铝源粉末、镁源粉末、钛源粉末和硅源粉末以及造孔剂的混合物,该混合物中,相对于铝源粉末、镁源粉末、钛源粉末和硅源粉末的总含量100质量份,造孔剂的含量为5质量份~30质量份,优选为20质量份以下。
该混合物中的Al、Mg、Ti和Si的元素组成比以上述组成式(1)表示时,x满足0.05≤x≤0.15、优选0.06≤x≤0.13,a满足0≤a≤0.1、优选0≤a≤0.05,b满足0.05≤b≤0.15、优选0.06≤b≤0.12。为了满足上述元素组成比,可以适当调整铝源粉末、镁源粉末、钛源粉末和硅源粉末的混合量。
该混合物通常进一步含有粘合剂、增塑剂、分散剂等成型助剂、溶剂等。
[粘合剂]
作为粘合剂,可以举出例如甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠等纤维素类,聚乙烯醇等醇类,木质素磺酸盐等盐,石蜡、微晶蜡等蜡,EVA、液晶聚合物等热塑性树脂等。粘合剂的用量相对于铝源粉末、钛源粉末、镁源粉末和硅源粉末的总量100质量份,通常为1质量份~20质量份,优选为15质量份以下。
作为增塑剂,可以举出例如甘油等醇类,辛酸、月桂酸、棕榈酸、花生酸、油酸、硬脂酸等高级脂肪酸,硬脂酸Al等硬脂酸金属盐等。增塑剂的用量相对于铝源粉末、钛源粉末、镁源粉末和硅源粉末的总量100质量份,通常为0.1质量份~10质量份,优选为1质量份~5质量份。应予说明,上述增塑剂通常作为润滑剂发挥功能。
作为分散剂,可以举出例如硝酸、盐酸、硫酸等无机酸,草酸、柠檬酸、乙酸、苹果酸、乳酸等有机酸,甲醇、乙醇、丙醇等醇类,多元羧酸铵、聚氧亚烷基烷基醚等表面活性剂等。分散剂的用量相对于铝源粉末、钛源粉末、镁源粉末和硅源粉末的总量100质量份,通常为20质量份以下,优选为2质量份~8质量份。
作为溶剂,例如除了水以外,还可以使用甲醇、乙醇、丁醇、丙醇等醇类,丙二醇、聚丙二醇、乙二醇等二元醇类等。其中,优选为水,从杂质少的观点考虑,更优选使用离子交换水。溶剂的用量相对于铝源粉末、钛源粉末、镁源粉末和硅源粉末的总量100质量份,通常为10质量份~100质量份,优选为20质量份~80质量份。
这种混合物例如可以通过将铝源粉末、镁源粉末、钛源粉末、硅源粉末和造孔剂与粘合剂、增塑剂、润滑剂、分散剂、溶剂等一起混炼来得到。
[成型]
本发明的制造方法中,将这种混合物成型得到成型体。为了将混合物成型,例如可以使用与通常使用的装置相同的单轴加压机、挤出成型机、压片机、造粒机等成型装置,只要能成型为目标多孔钛酸铝镁的形状即可。
[预烧成]
接着将通过成型得到的成型体预烧成。预烧成通常通过将成型体加热到200℃~900℃的温度来进行。预烧成中,可以维持一定温度,若在上述温度范围内则也可以升温。通过将成型体预烧成,成型体中的造孔剂消失,在成型体中形成微孔。此外,通常同时粘合剂、增塑剂、分散剂等成型助剂、溶剂等也消失。
预烧成通常使用管状电炉、箱式电炉、隧道式炉、远红外线炉、微波加热炉、竖井式炉、反射炉、旋转炉、辊底式加热炉、气体燃烧炉等通常的加热装置来进行。预烧成可以以间歇式或连续式进行。此外,预烧成可以以静置式或流动式进行。
预烧成所需要的时间只要是足以使成型体中含有的造孔剂消失的时间即可,通常为1分钟~10小时,优选为1小时~7小时。
预烧成可以在大气中进行,但是在氧浓度0.1摩尔%以下的气氛中进行的话,可以抑制造孔剂的急剧消失因而优选。
[烧成步骤]
本发明的制造方法中,通过将成型体预烧成使造孔剂消失后,进行烧成。烧成通常通过不将预烧成后的成型体降温,而直接升温到通常1300℃~1560℃、优选1450℃~1530℃的烧成温度来进行。
对达到烧成温度的升温速度不特别限定,但是通常为1℃/小时~500℃/小时。使用硅源粉末时,在烧成步骤之前,优选设置在1100℃~1300℃的温度范围保持3小时以上的步骤。由此,可以促进硅源粉末的熔化、扩散。
烧成通常使用管状电炉、箱式电炉、隧道式炉、远红外线炉、微波加热炉、竖井式炉、反射炉、旋转炉、辊底式加热炉、气体燃烧炉等通常的烧成炉来进行。烧成可以以间歇式或连续式进行。此外,烧成可以以静置式或流动式进行。
烧成所需要的时间只要是足以使成型体中的铝源粉末、镁源粉末和钛源粉末反应、形成钛酸铝镁的时间即可,根据混合物的组成比、成型体的容积、烧成炉的形式、烧成温度、烧成气氛等而不同,但是通常为10分钟~24小时。
如此可以得到目标多孔钛酸铝镁。所得到的多孔钛酸铝镁为大致维持成型体的形状的形状。对于所得到的多孔钛酸铝镁也可以通过研磨加工等来进行加工。
该多孔钛酸铝镁含有Si元素,Al、Mg、Ti和Si的元素组成比以上述组成式(1)表示时,x满足0.05≤x≤0.15、优选0.06≤x≤0.13,a满足0≤a≤0.1、优选0≤a≤0.05,b满足0.05≤b≤0.15、优选0.06≤b≤0.12。
通过本发明的制造方法得到的多孔钛酸铝镁,例如可以合适地适用于炉材等烧成炉用用具(冶具),捕集从柴油机、汽油机等内燃机排出的废气中含有的微粒而净化废气时使用的废气过滤器[柴油微粒过滤器等],在表面负载催化剂成分而使用的多孔的催化剂载体,啤酒等饮食物的过滤中使用的过滤器,用于选择性地透过石油精炼时产生的气体成分例如一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氮气、氧气等的选择透过过滤器等陶瓷过滤器,基板、电容器等电子元件等中。其中,用作陶瓷过滤器等时,通过本发明的制造方法得到的多孔钛酸铝镁由于具有大的孔隙度,因此可以长期维持良好的过滤器性能。
实施例
以下通过实施例对本发明进行更具体的说明。
<实施例1>
[混合物的制造]
将以下的铝源粉末、钛源粉末、镁源粉末、硅源粉末和造孔剂以以下所示的质量比混合。
(1) 铝源粉末
相当于体积基准计的累积百分率50%的粒径(D50)为42μm的氧化铝粉末(α-氧化铝粉末)                                                                  42.3质量份 
(2) 钛源粉末
D50为1.5μm的氧化钛粉末(金红石型结晶)          35.6质量份
(3) 钛源粉末
D50为0.4μm的氧化钛粉末(金红石型结晶)          4.0质量份
(4) 镁源粉末
D50为4μm的氧化镁粉末                                        2.4质量份
(5) 硅源粉末
D50为9μm,含有Na、K、Mg和Al,元素组成比(换算为氧化物)为Na2O:8.6质量%、K2O:5.9质量%、MgO:1.0质量%、Al2O3:11.5质量%、SiO2:72.3质量%(其它杂质元素0.7质量%)的玻璃料(熔点:645℃)                                                             3.6质量份
(6) 造孔剂
D50为20μm的聚乙烯粉末                                    12.2质量份
在所得到的混合物中,相对于铝源粉末、镁源粉末、钛源粉末和硅源粉末的总含量100质量份,造孔剂的含量为13.9质量份。此外,该混合物中的Al、Mg、Ti和Si的元素组成比以上述组成式(1)表示时,x为0.12,a为0.03,b为0.09。
在上述得到的混合物100质量份中按照以下的质量比加入以下的成型助剂[粘合剂和增塑剂]和水,并进行混合。  
(7) 粘合剂
甲基纤维素[信越化学工业(株)制“SM4000”]       5.5质量份
(8) 粘合剂
甲基纤维素[信越化学工业(株)制“60SH4000”]    2.4质量份
(9) 增塑剂
聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯丁基醚[日油(株)制“50MB72”]                                4.64质量份
(10) 增塑剂
甘油                                                                            0.4质量份
(11) 离子交换水                                                       30.7质量份。
[成型]
用挤出混炼机将所得到的混合物混炼,同时挤出,进行成型,得到外形为直径30mm、高度50mm的圆柱状、高度方向上具有多个连通孔、孔壁厚0.3mm的蜂窝形状的成型体。
[预烧成]
将该成型体放入到加热炉中,缓慢升温后,在达到200℃之前水分全部挥发,在达到900℃之前造孔剂[聚乙烯粉末]、粘合剂[甲基纤维素]、增塑剂[聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯丁基醚和甘油]全部消失。
[烧成]
在预烧成后接着以相同的升温速度继续加热,加热到1450℃,在该温度下保持5小时进行烧成,得到蜂窝形状的多孔钛酸铝镁。该多孔钛酸铝镁的孔隙度为42.5%。
与上述同样地操作将上述得到的混合物成型,与上述同样地操作将所得到的成型体预烧成,除了使烧成温度为1550℃以外与上述同样地操作进行烧成,得到蜂窝状的多孔钛酸铝镁。该多孔钛酸铝镁的孔隙度为35.8%。
<实施例2以及比较例1~比较例2>
除了铝源粉末、钛源粉末、镁源粉末、硅源粉末、造孔剂和成型助剂[粘合剂和增塑剂]以及水的用量如下述表1所示以外,与实施例1同样地操作,得到多孔钛酸铝镁。所得到的多孔钛酸铝镁的孔隙度如下述表1所示。
[表1]
Figure 2011800129553100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
产业实用性
如以上说明所述,通过本发明的制造方法,可以制造具有更大的孔隙度的多孔钛酸铝镁。

Claims (2)

1. 多孔钛酸铝镁的制造方法,其是将含有铝源粉末、镁源粉末、钛源粉末和硅源粉末以及造孔剂的混合物成型得到成型体,将所得到的成型体预烧成,由此使所述造孔剂消失后,进行烧成,从而使所述铝源粉末、镁源粉末和钛源粉末反应,制造多孔钛酸铝镁的方法,其特征在于,
所述混合物中,相对于铝源粉末、镁源粉末、钛源粉末和硅源粉末的总含量100质量份,造孔剂的含量为5质量份~30质量份,
所述硅源粉末的熔点为600℃~1300℃,
所述混合物中的Al、Mg、Ti和Si的元素组成比以组成式(1):
Al2(1-x)MgxTi(1+x)O5+aAl2O3+bSiO2…(1)
表示时,x满足0.05≤x≤0.15,a满足0≤a≤0.1,b满足0.05≤b≤0.15,
在1300℃~1560℃下将预烧成后的所述成型体烧成。
2. 多孔钛酸铝镁,其特征在于,含有Si元素,
Al、Mg、Ti和Si的元素组成比以组成式(1):
Al2(1-x)MgxTi(1+x)O5+aAl2O3+bSiO2…(1)
表示时,x满足0.05≤x≤0.15,a满足0≤a≤0.1,b满足0.05≤b≤0.15。
CN2011800129553A 2010-03-08 2011-03-04 多孔钛酸铝镁的制造方法及多孔钛酸铝镁 Pending CN102781873A (zh)

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