CN102742495B - Method for utilizing non-woven fabric container to perform sweet cherry dwarfing rootstock twig cuttage seedling culture and matrix combination - Google Patents
Method for utilizing non-woven fabric container to perform sweet cherry dwarfing rootstock twig cuttage seedling culture and matrix combination Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for utilizing a non-woven fabric container to perform sweet cherry dwarfing rootstock twig cuttage seedling culture and a matrix combination. The method mainly comprises light matrix preparation, manufacture of fertilizer in seedling culture matrix and the non-woven fabric seedling culture container, central sand filling and placing of the non-woven fabric seedling culture container, cutting slips manufacture and cuttage, preparation and application of a microorganism preparation (cherry rhizosphere growth-promoting bacterium YT3 with preservation number to be CGMCCNo.5319) and management after cuttage. The matrix combination is composed of a matrix main body material, the fertilizer and the microorganism preparation. The method improves survival rate of twig cuttage and seedling quality, shortens seedling culture time, reduces seedling culture cost, improves seedling culture efficiency of sweet cherry dwarfing rootstock, and meets the requirements of massive high-quality seedlings for sweet cherry production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sweet cherry dwarfing rootstock epicormic branch cuttage non-woven container seedling-cultivating method and base composition.
Background technology
Sweet cherry be favored by the consumer, high-grade fruit that market prospects are wide, supply falls short of demand in market, holds at high price, and development potentiality is huge, utilizing dwarfing rootstock to carry out planting culture, is to realize sweet cherry early reality, high yield, high-quality, efficient, safe important measures.But the sweet cherry dwarfing rootstock is clonal rootstock, can not adopt seminal propagation.Adopt the modes such as conventional cuttage, press strip to breed, the difficulty of taking root, reproduction coefficient are low, can not satisfy the upper demand to a large amount of high quality seedlings of producing; The employing tissue culture mode is bred, and specification requirement is high, the breeding cycle is long, it is high to breed cost, has restricted applying of sweet cherry dwarfing rootstock.
Sweet cherry dwarfing rootstock epicormic branch cuttage is to utilize not yet complete lignified young sprout to carry out the asexual reproduction method of cuttage, has that breeding is fast, cost is low, the wield characteristics of technology, is suitable for producing scale and uses.In recent years, the technical staff had done a large amount of research work at aspects such as stock selection, cutting medium, cutting time, plugged ear selection, root-growing agent processing both at home and abroad.Chinese patent application CN 101433171 B disclose a kind of sweet cherry dwarfing rootstock in-vitro tender tip container seedling method, rooting rate and the new talent transplanting survival rate of the sweet cherry dwarfing rootstock in-vitro tender tip are significantly improved, but this method is had relatively high expectations to cutting, and seedling raise period is longer.Chinese patent application CN 102138486 A disclose a kind of method of carrying out rapid cuttage propagation on plantlets of prunus pseudocerasus, have shortened the breeding cycle of nursery stock, reduce and breed cost, but the specification requirement that the cherry test-tube plantlet is bred is higher.
Therefore, further promote sweet cherry dwarfing rootstock epicormic branch cuttage technology, the survival rate of raising epicormic branch cuttage and seedling quality, shortening seedling raise period, reduction seedling cost have become the active demand of present production.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for overcoming above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of microorganism formulation and non-woven container epicormic branch cuttage Cherry dwarf rootstock technology utilized is provided, thereby the survival rate of raising epicormic branch cuttage and seedling quality, shortening seedling raise period, reduction seedling cost, promote the benefit of growing seedlings of sweet cherry dwarfing rootstock, satisfy sweet cherry production to the demand of a large amount of high quality seedlings.
The forest-science academy, Shandong Province has formed the light matrix non-woven container seedling growing process that tallies with the national condition on the basis of introducing French Fertiss seedling growing process, this seedling raising manners has solved the ubiquitous nest root of conventional vessel seedling, problems such as root, rare, weak root partially, traditional seedling raising manners of substituted for plastic membrane container filling Nutrition Soil progressively.
The short endophytic bacteria of plant rhizosphere can be secreted the plant growth-promoting material, comprises plant hormone, vitamin, amino acid and other active organic molecule and derivative etc.; Also can improve the nutrient environment of plant rhizosphere, effectively control plant disease etc.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
A kind of base composition for sweet cherry dwarfing rootstock epicormic branch cutting is characterized in that, it comprises:
(1) matrix body material: the matrix body material is comprised of the raw material of following weight portion, peat: 40-60 part, perlite: 40-60 part;
(2) fertilizer: fertilizer is take the weight of matrix body material as S, and consumption is as follows respectively: the urea of 0.05-0.1%S weight, the potassium chloride of the superphosphate of 0.3-0.5%S weight, 0.03-0.05%S weight;
(3) microorganism formulation: be CGMCC No.5319 with cherry plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria YT3(deposit number, be 201110376284.0 at application number, name is called in the patent of " the living pseudomonad of strain cherry rhizosphere growth-promoting and an application thereof " to be announced), after activated cultivation, be diluted to 1.0 * 108cfu/mL.
In this composition, the addition of microorganism is every plugged ear of 10-20mL/.
A kind of sweet cherry dwarfing rootstock epicormic branch cuttage non-woven container seedling-cultivating method, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) matrix for preparing is filled in container for plant growth made of nonwoven material, afterwards plugged ear is inserted in matrix;
(2) be the cherry plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria YT3 of CGMCC No.5319 with deposit number, obtain suspension after activation culture, get suspension and evenly water around plugged ear;
(3) manage after cuttage and grow seedlings.
Described matrix comprises matrix body material and fertilizer, wherein the matrix body material is comprised of the raw material of following weight portion, peat: 40-60 part, perlite: 40-60 part, fertilizer is take the weight of matrix body material as S, consumption is as follows respectively: the urea of 0.05-0.1%S weight, the potassium chloride of the superphosphate of 0.3-0.5%S weight, 0.03-0.05%S weight.
It also comprises the process to the matrix sterilization, namely adds the carbendazim of 0.08-0.12%S weight in matrix body material and fertilizer, and is blended together, fully mixes thoroughly.
After being filled to matrix in container for plant growth made of nonwoven material, punching in the matrix of container center, and fill river sand in the hole, then plugged ear is inserted in the river sand of container center.
Described container for plant growth made of nonwoven material is cylindric, and diameter is 5.8cm, highly is to adopt the rifle bar of diameter 1-2cm to beat the hole of dark 3-4cm in the matrix of container center by 10cm, then fills river sand in the hole; In the time of in the river sand of plugged ear insertion container center, the cuttage degree of depth is 3-4cm.
Described plugged ear processing method is as follows: in 6～August, the semi-lignified branch of selecting living, growth then to enrich carries out cuttage, chooses the middle and upper part of branch, and rugosity is advisable at 0.3～0.5cm; Cutting is cut into the plugged ear of long 10～12cm, radical leaves removes, and keeps a pair of blade in top, and blade is cut half, will soak 1.5～3.5 hours in the ABT rooting powder solution of plugged ear base portion with 150～300ppm that shear.
Be the cherry plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria YT3 of CGMCC No.5319 with the deposit number of preserving, activate on the LB inclined-plane, picking one articulating enters in beef-protein medium, in 37 ℃, under rotating speed 180rpm condition, shaken cultivation is 2 days, utilize colony counting method to measure every milliliter of bacteria containing amount, calculate bacterial concentration, then be diluted to 1.0 * 10
8Cfu/mL; After cuttage 10-15 days, get the 10-20mL suspension and evenly water around the cherry plugged ear.
Managing the method for growing seedlings after described cuttage is: Summer High-Temperature Times need be set up shady net and carry out sunshade, and shady net light transmittance is preferably 50% of full exposure; Control moisture with intermittent automated spray system after cuttage, in cuttage 15～20 days, keep the blade face not do; After cuttage 15 days, the new root of transplanting a cutting begins to take shape, and controls moisture, and the assurance blade is not wilted and got final product; After cuttage 30 days, carry out hardening; After this, every 15～20 days, impose once-combined fertilizer; When the nursery stock rugosity reaches 0.5cm, carry out graft seedling growth.
Illustrate as of the present invention, the invention provides concrete technical scheme as follows: mainly by the making of the fertilizer in light ground mass preparation, seedling medium, container for plant growth made of nonwoven material, container for plant growth made of nonwoven material central authorities fill with husky with put, the preparation of plugged ear making and cuttage, special microorganism preparation and the technology such as use, manage after cuttage form.Concrete steps are as follows:
(1) light ground mass preparation
The matrix body material is peat and perlite, carries out composite according to following part by weight:
Peat: 40-60 part
Perlite: 40-60 part;
After peat and perlite mixed in proportion, its weight was designated as S.
(2) fertilizer in seedling medium
Be mainly urea, superphosphate, potassium chloride.The urea that adds respectively 0.05-0.1%S weight, the potassium chloride of the superphosphate of 0.3-0.5%S weight, 0.03-0.05%S weight.
(3) sterilization of matrix
The carbendazim that adds 0.08-0.12%S weight.
(4) making of container for plant growth made of nonwoven material
Container for plant growth is cylindric, and the employing diameter is 5.8cm, highly is to carry out can production by LKY-3 type seedling forming machine by the non-woven container of 10cm, and container formation, matrix can, container cutting are once completed.
(5) container for plant growth made of nonwoven material is central fills with husky and puts
Rifle bar with diameter 1-2cm is beaten the hole of dark 3-4cm in the matrix of container center, then fill river sand in the hole.Container is emitted in special-purpose seedling growing box, and special-purpose seedling growing box is placed on movable seedbed, and special-purpose seedling growing box is built on stilts, utilizes the air natural root relief.
(6) plugged ear is made and cuttage
In 6～August, the semi-lignified branch of selecting living, growth then to enrich carries out cuttage, chooses the middle and upper part of branch, and rugosity is advisable at 0.3～0.5cm.Cutting is cut into the plugged ear of long 10～12cm, radical leaves removes, and keeps a pair of blade in top, and blade is cut half, will soak 1.5～3.5 hours in the ABT rooting powder solution of plugged ear base portion with 150～300ppm that shear.
The plugged ear of handling well is inserted in the river sand of container center, and the cuttage degree of depth is 3-4cm, and each container inserts a plugged ear.
(7) preparation of special microorganism preparation with use
Be CGMCC No.5319 with the cherry plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria YT3(deposit number of preserving), activate on the LB inclined-plane, picking one articulating enters in beef-protein medium, in 37 ℃, under rotating speed 180rpm condition, shaken cultivation is 2 days, utilize colony counting method to measure every milliliter of bacteria containing amount, calculate bacterial concentration, then be diluted to 1.0 * 10
8Cfu/mL.After cuttage 10-15 days, get the 10-20mL suspension and evenly water around the cherry plugged ear.
(8) manage after cuttage
Summer High-Temperature Times need be set up shady net and carry out sunshade, and shady net light transmittance is preferably 50% of full exposure; Control moisture with intermittent automated spray system after cuttage, in cuttage 15～20 days, keep the blade face not do; After cuttage 15 days, the new root of transplanting a cutting begins to take shape, and controls moisture, and the assurance blade is not wilted and got final product; After cuttage 30 days, carry out hardening; After this, every 15～20 days, impose once-combined fertilizer; When the nursery stock rugosity reaches 0.5cm, carry out graft seedling growth.
Disclosed by the inventionly utilize microorganism formulation and non-woven container epicormic branch cuttage Cherry dwarf rootstock technology compared with prior art, its beneficial effect is:
(1) sweet cherry dwarfing rootstock epicormic branch cuttage in the river sand of light matrix non-woven container, is beneficial to and takes root, and the new root of formation penetrates take peat and vermiculite in the matrix of main material, is beneficial to root system and seedling growth; The volume of light matrix non-woven container is larger, for the growth of nursery stock provides sufficient standing area, still can grow therein more than 1 year after seedling grafting; Reduced cuttage seeding and transplanted link, not only reduced seedling cost, and significantly improved the quality of nursery stock.
(2) sweet cherry dwarfing rootstock epicormic branch cuttage non-woven container seedling is in cultivating process, root system propelling container wall also forms some sturdy callus after air is cut root, the root system self-sow forms Balanced Root System, root system can closely interweave with light ground mass and be integrated, and forms whippy root ball.After field planting, without seedling-slowing stage, the primary growth amount significantly improves.
(3) use cherry special microorganism preparation after cuttage, obviously promote formation and the growth of cherry root system, compared with the control, at the bottom of the cherry seedling, footpath and height of seedling significantly improve, and after field planting, the biomass of large cherry also significantly increases.
Applying of the method will be brought larger Social benefit and economic benefit.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further elaborated below by specific embodiment, should be noted that following explanation is only in order to explain the present invention, its content not to be limited.
Embodiment 1
One, light ground mass preparation
The formula of matrix body material is: 50 kilograms, peat, 50 kilograms of perlites;
Fertilizer formula is: take the weight of matrix body material as S, consumption is as follows respectively: the urea of 0.05%S, the superphosphate of 0.3%S, the potassium chloride of 0.03%S;
Pasteurization material is carbendazim, and the addition of carbendazim is 0.12% of S;
Host material, fertilizer and carbendazim is blended together by above-mentioned formula, fully mix thoroughly;
Two, the making of container for plant growth made of nonwoven material with put
Container for plant growth is cylindric, and the employing diameter is 5.8cm, highly is to carry out can production by LKY-3 type seedling forming machine by the non-woven container of 10cm.
Rifle bar with diameter 2cm is beaten the hole of dark 5cm in the matrix of container center, then fill river sand in the hole; Container is emitted in special-purpose seedling growing box, and special-purpose seedling growing box is placed on movable seedbed, and special-purpose seedling growing box is built on stilts.
Three, plugged ear is made and cuttage
In June, the middle and upper part of selecting to give birth to then semi-lignified branch makes plugged ear, and rugosity is at 0.3～0.5cm.Cutting is cut into the plugged ear of long 10～12cm, the upper end cuts flat, and the lower end is cut into shape of a hoof radical leaves to be removed, and keeps a pair of blade in top, and blade is cut half, the plugged ear base portion that shears is used in the ABT1 rooting powder solution of 200ppm soaked 3 hours.
The plugged ear of handling well is inserted in the river sand of container center, and the cuttage degree of depth is 3-4cm, and each container inserts a plugged ear.
Four, the preparation of special microorganism preparation with use
Be CGMCC No.5319 with the cherry plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria YT3(deposit number of preserving), activate on the LB inclined-plane, picking one articulating enters in beef-protein medium, in 37 ℃, under rotating speed 180rpm condition, shaken cultivation is 2 days, utilize colony counting method to measure every milliliter of bacteria containing amount, calculate bacterial concentration, then be diluted to 1.0 * 10
8Cfu/mL.
Five, manage after cuttage
Summer High-Temperature Times need be set up shady net and carry out sunshade.In cuttage 15～20 days, spraying and intermittent time are set because of intensity of illumination and the temperature variation just of one day, are generally that sprayed 20 seconds/time the morning of fine day, intermittently 7 minutes; Sprayed intermittently 3 minutes noon 10～20 seconds/time; Sprayed intermittently 5～6 minutes afternoon 20 seconds/time; Cloudy day spray 10 seconds/time, intermittently 10-15 minute; Control moisture with intermittent automated spray system after a little longer cuttage of intermittent time at night.
After cuttage the 10th day, get 20mL special microorganism preparation suspension and evenly water around the cherry plugged ear.
After cuttage 15 days, sprayed 20 seconds/time, the intermittent time is slightly more longer than early stage.After cuttage 30 days, carry out hardening, sooner or later every 1 hour water spray 1 time, every 30 minutes of noon, water spray was 1 time, extended water spraying time, spray at every turn permeable, and increase ventilate, light transmission capacity.
The young sprout blade that hardening was newly sprouted in 15 days afterwards turns strong green, after this, and when stromal surface is turned white, when water extruding matrix be cannot see water, water permeablely, every 15～20 days, spray mass percent and be 0.2% urea and mass percent and be 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed aqueous solution; When the nursery stock rugosity reaches 0.5cm, carry out the sweet cherry graft seedling growth.
The rooting rate of this seedling-cultivating method and nursery effect test:
The test processing method:
Process 1: this routine seedling-cultivating method adopts embodiment 1;
Process 2: slotting machine seedling-cultivating method, seedling-cultivating method list of references " test of Gisela (Gisela) cherry rootstock epicormic branch cutting " (" Shandong forestry science and technology " 01 phase in 2010, old prime minister; Chen Kaihua; Li Shurong), seedling medium adopts the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite: river sand=3:1:1;
Process 3: seedling medium adopts " wood non-woven fabric container nursery biological-type medium (application number: 201110004733.9) ", and not punching (not adding river sand) in the Medium of Container Seedling center, does not add the special microorganism preparation, and other are with embodiment 1;
Process 4: adopt embodiment 1, but do not punch (not adding river sand) in the Medium of Container Seedling center;
Process 5: adopt embodiment 1, but do not add the special microorganism preparation.
Tested on June 15th, 2011 and carry out, as for the examination material, choose the spray of giving birth to then semi-lignified with Gisela 6, every kind of processing method triplicate selects rugosity at 0.3～0.5cm.Cutting is cut into the plugged ear of long 10～12cm, soaked 3 hours in the ABT1 rooting powder solution with 200ppm market purchase.Cuttage checked the situation of taking root in 30 days afterwards, and the measurement average root is long and root is thick, the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
| Process number | Root length/cm | Root is thick/mm | Rooting rate/% | Survival rate of seedling/% |
| 1 | 7.2a | 3.5a | 95.3a | 89.8a |
| 2 | 6.6b | 2.8bc | 86.6b | 80.3b |
| 3 | 6.4b | 2.6c | 67.6c | 60.1c |
| 4 | 7.0a | 3.0b | 66.4c | 57.9c |
| 5 | 6.4b | 2.8bc | 94.3a | 83.2b |
The different lowercases of same column represent significant difference between different disposal (P＜0.05)
With sand table commonly used grow seedlings (processing 2) compare, the falsesour cherry root of this routine seedling-cultivating method is long, root is thick, rooting rate and survival rate of seedling significant difference, has improved respectively 9.09%, 25.0%, 10.05% and 11.83%.
Compare with processing 3, the falsesour cherry root of this routine seedling-cultivating method is long, root is thick, rooting rate and survival rate of seedling have improved respectively 12.5%, 34.62%, 40.98% and 49.42%.
Embodiment does not punch at 1 center and does not add river sand (process 4), and root is thick, rooting rate and survival rate of seedling have reduced respectively 14.29%, 30.33% and 35.52% than embodiment 1
Embodiment 1 does not add special microorganism preparation (processing 5), and root is long, root is thick and survival rate of seedling has reduced respectively 11.11%, 20.00% and 9.11% than embodiment 1.
Grow seedlings result as can be known by above, the non-woven container central punch, and increased substantially rooting rate after adding river sand.Add YT3 cherry rhizosphere growth-promoting endophytic bacteria in seedling medium, although less on the rooting rate impact, mentioned significantly nursery effect.Compare with seedling raising method using sand trays commonly used, rooting rate and the nursery effect of this routine seedling-cultivating method all are improved to some extent.
Although above-mentionedly in conjunction with the embodiments the specific embodiment of the present invention is described; but be not limiting the scope of the invention; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various modifications that creative work can make or distortion still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a sweet cherry dwarfing rootstock epicormic branch cuttage non-woven container seedling-cultivating method, is characterized in that, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) light ground mass preparation
The matrix body material is peat and perlite, carries out composite according to following part by weight: peat: 40-60 part perlite: 40-60 part
After peat and perlite mixed in proportion, its weight was designated as S;
(2) fertilizer in seedling medium
Be mainly urea, superphosphate, potassium chloride, add respectively the urea of 0.05-0.1%S weight, the potassium chloride of the superphosphate of 0.3-0.5%S weight, 0.03-0.05%S weight;
(3) sterilization of matrix
The carbendazim that adds 0.08-0.12%S weight; Host material, fertilizer and carbendazim is blended together by above-mentioned formula, fully mix thoroughly;
(4) making of container for plant growth made of nonwoven material
Container for plant growth is cylindric, and the employing diameter is 5.8cm, highly is to carry out can production by LKY-3 type seedling forming machine by the non-woven container of 10cm, and container formation, matrix can, container cutting are once completed;
(5) container for plant growth made of nonwoven material is central fills with husky and puts
Rifle bar with diameter 1-2cm is beaten the hole of dark 3-4cm in the matrix of container center, then fill river sand in the hole; Container is emitted in special-purpose seedling growing box, and special-purpose seedling growing box is placed on movable seedbed, and special-purpose seedling growing box is built on stilts, utilizes the air natural root relief;
(6) plugged ear is made and cuttage
In 6～August, the semi-lignified branch of selecting living, growth then to enrich carries out cuttage, chooses the middle and upper part of branch, and rugosity is advisable at 0.3～0.5cm; Cutting is cut into the plugged ear of long 10～12cm, radical leaves removes, and keeps a pair of blade in top, and blade is cut half, will soak 1.5～3.5 hours in the ABT rooting powder solution of plugged ear base portion with 150～300ppm that shear;
The plugged ear of handling well is inserted in the river sand of container center, and the cuttage degree of depth is 3-4cm, and each container inserts a plugged ear;
(7) preparation of special microorganism preparation with use
Be the cherry plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria YT3 of CGMCC No.5319 with deposit number, activate on the LB inclined-plane, picking one articulating enters in beef-protein medium, in 37 ℃, under rotating speed 180rpm condition, shaken cultivation is 2 days, utilize colony counting method to measure every milliliter of bacteria containing amount, calculate bacterial concentration, then be diluted to 1.0 * 108cfu/mL; After cuttage 10-15 days, get the 10-20mL suspension and evenly water around the cherry plugged ear;
(8) manage after cuttage
Summer High-Temperature Times need be set up shady net and carry out sunshade, and shady net light transmittance is preferably 50% of full exposure; Control moisture with intermittent automated spray system after cuttage, in cuttage 15～20 days, keep the blade face not do; After cuttage 15 days, the new root of transplanting a cutting begins to take shape, and controls moisture, and the assurance blade is not wilted and got final product; After cuttage 30 days, carry out hardening; After this, every 15～20 days, impose once-combined fertilizer; When the nursery stock rugosity reaches 0.5cm, carry out graft seedling growth.
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