CN102713615A - 用于监测至少一个血液参数的系统及方法 - Google Patents
用于监测至少一个血液参数的系统及方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于监测预先确定的病人(1)的血液的至少一个血液参数的系统及方法,具有用于建立到病人血液的入口的接入装置,用于转移一定量血液以便得到血液样本的转移装置(3),用于分析血液样本的血液分析装置(12),以及用于计算适用于病人的药物的药剂参数的计算装置(18),还有用于供给具有计算出的药剂参数的药物的供给装置(19)。系统用条形码(10,4)识别血液样本,因此分配待分析血液样本给各个病人时不会有错误。本发明涉及用于监测预先确定的病人的血液的至少一个血液参数的系统及方法,具有用于建立到病人血液的入口的接入装置,用于转移一定量血液以便得到血液样本的转移装置,用于分析血液样本的血液分析装置,以及用于计算适用于病人的药物的药剂参数的计算装置,还有用于供给具有计算出的药剂参数的药物的供给装置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于监测预先确定的病人的血液的至少一个血液参数的系统及方法,根据前述权利要求1和前述权利要求9,具有用于建立通往病人血液的入口的接入装置,用于提取一些血液以得到血液样本的提取装置,用于分析血液样本的血液分析装置,用于计算适用于病人的药物的药剂参数的计算装置,还有用于供给具有计算出的药剂参数的药物的供给装置。
背景技术
众所周知,提取血液并监测预先确定的病人的血液的至少一个血液参数的系统有许多种形式。例如,有些系统监测血液葡萄糖值作为相关血液参数,以便在胰岛素值的计算后提供给病人与前述确定的血液葡萄糖值相应的数量的胰岛素作为药物。
通常病人,尤其在强化治疗单元,通过一个或多个供给装置来接受药物及适用的合成营养素,比如静脉注射或通过胃管。例如,供给装置可以是胰岛素供给装置或输液泵,可维持病人血液循环中的胰岛素现值对应病人血液循环中的预先测量的血液葡萄糖值处于预先确定的水平。还通过至少一个适用于病人的营养供给装置提供装置,直接或间接地为血液循环供给至少一种养分的营养。
所有这些供给装置,同样当并入适用药物和/或营养素的系统时,都需要由医生或高级临床人员预先输入的值以便为依靠供给装置的供给打下基础。这里,举个例子,数量值、供给的时间间隔、间歇的供给等作为随后供给的基础来输入,例如供给胰岛素。
供给之前由人工向病人采集血液样本,这就需要临床人员的介入。此外,高级临床人员需要具有供给装置输入功能的必需专业知识,诸如输液泵输入功能的必需专业知识,以便随后进行供给。这样由临床人员提取血液的缺点是可能混淆提取的血液样本,这意味着可能分配给病人错误的血液样本,其中必须考虑到血液分析装置由大量不同病人的众多血液样本频繁地共同使用。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种系统及一种方法,用于监测预先确定的病人的血液的至少一个血液参数,具有高度自动化,并能避免由临床人员造成的错误。
该目标通过具有权利要求1的特征的系统及具有权利要求9的特征的方法实现。
本发明的核心概念是,用于监测预先确定的病人的血液的至少一个血液参数的系统具有以下装置:
用于建立通过皮肤接入病人血液的接入装置;
用于提取一定血液量以得到血液样本的提取装置;
用于各种病人的多种血液样本参照预先确定的血液参数以分析血液样本的血液分析装置;
用于基于血液分析确定的参数来计算适用于病人的药物的药剂参数的第一计算装置;以及
用于供给具有计算出的药剂参数的药物的供给装置;
分配直接在提取一定血液量后、提供给血液分析装置前进行,就是说在血液样本和带有个人及相关治疗数据的至少一个标识元件之间进行,以便进行自动识别。为此需使用具生成标识元件功能的标识元件生成装置,例如条形码、二维或三维形式的数据矩阵代码,或者是电子标签,以便之后分配给提取装置。
因为血液分析装置被频繁集中地使用于不同病人的差异性和多样性很大的血液样本,原则上在人体或病人的一定血液量的提取点到输入或供给血液样本给血液分析装置的传送中存在混淆血液样本的风险。该风险可以根据本发明的系统及方法来避免。用根据本发明的系统及方法,病人特有或个人及相关治疗数据与提取装置一并提供给血液分析装置成为可能,提取装置可能是注射器。同样为了用于对照,相关病人或个人的数据与相关治疗数据可通过确定或计算装置输入血液分析装置,例如通过带输入键盘的个人电脑或与条形码扫描器的读取装置相连接的个人电脑,与条形码等标识元件的数据比较,然后用血液分析装置读取。
这样的对照使分配待分析血液给各个病人得以避免错误,因为随后的血液分析只在对照单元和分配单元给分析单元释放信号时发生。血液分析仅在对照单元建立关联数据时发生。
较佳地,这样的确定或读取个人及相关治疗数据通过条形码扫描器进行,条形码扫描器可扫描病人的带有条形码的臂带并读取条形码。接着通过打印机或标识元件生成装置将该条形码打印出来然后适用于注射器或其它容器。
这样较好地通过粘结面适用于注射器的血液接收容器外部或适用于相连接的血液接收容器。
另,条形码用第二计算装置转换成个人及相关治疗数据并得到相应确定,以便接着将数据传递到血液分析装置用于对照。如前所述,输入第二计算装置的数据是高级标识元件的扫描数据或通过键盘输入的患者的个人及治疗的数据。
较佳地,标识元件上的个人及相关治疗数据是经加密的。这些数据可以是进行血液提取的预定时间、病人姓名与药物名称、适用的药物剂量及类似数据信息。
而待分析血液的待定血液参数可以包括葡萄糖值、pH值、凝血因子(coagulation factorsof the blood)及更多血气数据,例如二氧化碳(CO2)值、氧分压(PO2)值、钾(potassium)值、重碳酸盐(bicarbonate)值、基本偏差值及类似数据。
另,由于数据加密包含在标识元件上或标识元件中,可保护血液样本传送以防未经许可的读取,也保护所带有的标识元件适用于病人成为可能。
可包含在适用于血液样本或注射器的标识特征之上或其中的更多数据,可以是血液提取时间、血液提取日期、夏令时或冬令时及类似数据。血型数据也可包含在血液样本的标识元件中。因此,包括的所有数据都可以传递到血液分析装置,在此也可以用第二计算装置通过输入个人及相关治疗数据然后传送到血液分析装置来生成比如时间、日期及夏令时或冬令时等信息。
血液分析装置与第一计算装置相连接,并连接到供给药物的供给装置使得数据传递得以进行。传递既可以是硬接线的,也可以是无线的。因此,基于测量值及病人引起的参数,各种装置可置于不同地方并在药物的自动化管理中实现高度自动化,即使是对于集中治疗单元的病人。
提供根据本发明的下列顺序的步骤用于监测预先确定的病人的血液的至少一个血液参数并适用给病人的药物的方法是有利的,其中,待定血液参数可以是葡萄糖,待定药物可以是胰岛素,供给装置则可以是胰岛素泵:
用接入装置建立通过皮肤到病人血液的入口;
用提取装置提取一定血液量来取得血液样本;
用血液分析装置参照预先确定的血液参数分析血液样本,可由不同病人的多样血液样本使用;
基于血液分析确定的参数,用第一计算装置计算适用于病人的药物的药剂参数;
然后用具有计算出的药剂参数值的药物供给装置供给。
在一定血液量提取后、提供到血液分析装置前,立即用标识元件生成装置将血液样本分配到带有个人及相关治疗数据的至少一个标识元件,以便得到自动识别。
本方法也包括通过读取单元读取标识元件的个人及相关治疗数据,读取单元最好与血液分析装置相连接或置于血液分析装置之内,还包括通过数据的分配单元分配,数据在血液分析装置内的待分析血液中读取。
附图说明
下面结合附图进一步说明本发明的更多优点及适宜性。附图表明:
图1本发明的系统及其功能的一个实施例的图示;
图2a和图2b为本发明的方法的一个实施例的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1图示了本发明系统的一个实施例。图示显示针头2穿透露出手及手臂的病人1的皮肤,作为接入装置以便提取血液。
血液提取用通常已知方式进行,例如用注射器3作为提取装置。
用条形码扫描器5与读取装置6相连接,扫描带有条形码的臂带4。条形码包含佩戴该臂带的病人的个人及相关治疗数据。例如这些数据是病人的姓名、适用药物的名称、年龄及其它个人数据。
扫描臂带4上的条形码后,读取装置6发送相应条形码信号到计算装置7,计算装置7的任务是通过读取条形码来确定包括提取血液时间等有关的个人及具体治疗数据,然后传递这些数据到标识元件生产装置9,标识元件生产装置9可以是条形码打印机。该打印机9打印带有个人及具体治疗数据的条形码,条形码以条形码标签10等形式粘贴到血液样本接收容器注射器3上。
同时,计算装置7发送确定的个人及具体治疗数据到血液分析装置12中的对照单元15。或者另外用键盘8输入个人及特有治疗数据到计算装置7以便包含在条形码中打印或在对照单元15中考虑。
适用有条形码10的注射器3插入血液分析装置12前的血液接收装置11与11a之一后,注射器3中的血液由血液分析装置12收集用于分析。同时,条形码10用血液分析装置12中的、与读取单元14相连接的高级条形码扫描器13扫描。条形码数据读取再次转换为个人及特有治疗电子数据并传递到对照单元15。
在对照单元15中,由条形码扫描器13从条形码10中读取的数据此时与计算装置7提供的数据进行比较。一旦在对照中建立数据上的关联,这些个人及相关治疗数据就被分配到血液样本3,由分配单元16完成。
分配单元16分配之后,在分析单元17中,对待分析血液进行实际分析,然后确定一个或多个需要的血液参数值。在此,例如,可得出所得血液中的葡萄糖值,以便随后适用相应药剂参数在所需程度上的药物胰岛素。
在分析单元17中分析后,能显示出分析测量值的数据传递到计算装置18,比如包含血糖值的数量,计算装置18的任务是通过内部数据库与相应记忆单元确定与血糖值相应的关联药物及剂量。这种情况下,适用的胰岛素的数量由计算装置18确定。
显示出胰岛素值数量与胰岛素值定量的数据传递到供给装置19,在本实施例中是胰岛素泵形成供给装置19。胰岛素泵19通过导管20传送胰岛素给病人1,按照病人需要的数量在病人需要的时间传送。
图2a和图2b阐述了根据本发明一个实施例的本发明的方法。图示显然,在步骤21中,用条形码扫描器在病人臂带上扫描条形码,接着用第二计算装置7确定数据。在步骤22中,用打印机9打印出条形码标签。条形码标签接着在步骤23中适用于血液样本容器。
血液样本接着在步骤24中被导入到血液分析装置,进而由血液分析装置的条形码扫描器在步骤25中读取条形码标签。
在根据步骤26中将条形码标签的数据与确定的数据在对照单元15对照后,在查询27中证实这些数据是否一致。如果不一致,根据步骤28任何分析都不可能进行并终止程序。
如果这些数据一致,在步骤29与步骤30中,数据将被分配到待分析的血液样本,接着分析血液样本。
待分析的血液样本的血液参数确定并根据步骤31发送到第一计算装置后,在步骤32中计算装置计算出药剂参数。例如药剂参数是给予胰岛素药剂的数量与时限。
接着在步骤33中,基于确定的药剂参数,发送信号到泵19,泵19在步骤34中,按照病人需要的数量在病人需要的时间间隔适用药物给病人。
申请文件中揭露的、相对于现有技术具有新颖性的所有单独或组合特征均被要求为本发明必要的部分。
参考标号列表
1用于监测至少一个血液参数/病人的系统
2接入装置
3注射器/提取装置/血液样本
4臂带
5条形码扫描器
6读取装置
7第二计算装置
8键盘
9标识元件生成装置
10条形码标签
11血液接收装置
11a血液接收装置
12血液分析装置
13条形码扫描器
14读取单元
15对照单元
16分配单元
17分析单元
18第一计算装置
19胰岛素泵
20导管
21扫描条形码
22打印条形码标签
23适用条形码标签
24将血液样本引入血液分析装置
25读取条形码标签
26对照数据
27查询
28结束程序
29分配数据分析
31确定血液参数
32计算药剂参数
33发送信号到泵
34适用药物
Claims (12)
1.用于监测预先确定的病人(1)的血液的至少一个血液参数的系统包括:
用于建立穿过皮肤到病人血液的入口的接入装置(2);
用于提取一定血液量以得到血液样本的提取装置(3);
用于各种病人的多种血液样本(3)参照预先确定的血液参数以分析所述血液样本(3)的血液分析装置(12);
用于基于血液分析所确定的参数来计算适用于病人(1)的药物的药剂参数的第一计算装置(18);以及
用于供给具有所述计算出的所述药剂参数的药物的供给装置(19,20)。
其特征在于:直接在提取一定血液量后、提供给所述血液分析装置(12)前,所述血液样本(3)由标识元件生成装置(9)分配到至少一个带有个人及相关治疗数据的标识元件(10),以便进行自动识别。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于:所述分配的标识元件(10)是适用于所述提取装置(3)的至少一个条形码和/或数据矩阵代码。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于:所述分配的标识元件(10)至少是一个电子标签。
4.根据以上任一权利要求所述的系统,其特征在于:所述血液分析装置(12)包括用于读取所述标识元件(10)的个人及相关治疗数据的读写单元(14)和用于分配上述读取数据到待分析血液的分配单元(16)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的系统,其特征在于:所述血液分析装置(12)与连接所述供给装置(19-21)的所述第一计算装置(18)相连接以传递数据。
6.根据以上任一权利要求所述的系统,其特征在于:所述标识元件生成装置(9)与第二计算装置(7)相连接,所述第二计算装置(7)从之前输入到所述第二计算装置(7)中的数据确定个人及相关治疗数据并将其发送到所述标识元件生成装置(9),其中所述输入的数据是高级标识元件(4)的扫描数据或通过键盘(8)输入的患者的个人及治疗的相关数据。
7.根据以上任一权利要求所述的系统,其特征在于:所述个人及相关治疗数据是加密的,并包含进行血液提取的时间、病人姓名以及应给予的药物的药物剂量及类似数据的信息。
8.根据以上任一权利要求所述的系统,其特征在于:所述提取装置(1b,2b,3b)是注射器或血液提取针头,其血液接收容器或相连接的血液接收容器的在外部与条形码/数据矩阵代码标签和/或电子标签相连接。
9.监测预先确定的病人(1)的血液的至少一个血液参数的方法,包括以下步骤:
用接入装置(2)建立穿过皮肤到病人血液的入口;
用提取装置(3)提取一定血液量以得到血液样本;
用可用于多种血液样本(3)的血液分析装置(12)参照预先确定的血液参数分析(30)血液样本(3);
基于血液分析确定的参数,用第一计算装置(18)计算(32)应给予所述病人(1)的药物的药剂参数;
用供给装置(19,20)供给(34)具有所述计算出的药剂参数的药物,
其特征在于:直接在提取一定血液量后、供给(24)到所述血液分析装置(12)前,所述血液样本(3)由标识元件生成装置(9)分配到至少一个带有个人及相关治疗数据的标识元件(10),以便实施自动识别。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于:作为一个标识元件,至少一个适用于所述提取装置(3)的条形码和/或数据矩阵代码或电子标签被使用。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的方法,其特征在于:所述标识元件(10)的所述个人及相关治疗数据通过读取单元(14)读取(25),所述读出的数据通过分配单元(16)分配(29)到待分析血液。
12.根据权利要求9-11任一项所述的方法,其特征在于:作为所述待分析血液确定的参数,例如血液葡萄糖值、pH值、血液的凝血因子、血气数据,包括二氧化碳值、氧分压值、钾值、重碳酸盐值和/或基本偏差值这样的参数被确定。
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