CN102696520B - Method for producing seeds of new Nero-Aurea tilapia - Google Patents
Method for producing seeds of new Nero-Aurea tilapia Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing seeds of new Nero-Aurea tilapia. The method comprises the following steps: (a) carrying out intraspecific hybridization by taking a female of an Egypt strain in Nile tilapia as a female parent and a male of a Gift strain in the Nile tilapia as a male parent to obtain first filial generation F1 of Nile tilapia; and (b) carrying out interspecific hybridization propagation by taking the female in first filial generation F1 of the Nile tilapia as the female parent and the male of American strain of oreochromis aurea as the male parent to obtain hybrid generation, namely the new Nero-Aurea tilapia. With the adoption of the method provided by the invention, a seed producing technique combining intraspecific hybridization with interspecific hybridization is utilized, excellent characters are combined, and the growth speed and the male rate of the tilapia are improved, thereby the cultural output and benefits of the tilapia are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the thremmatology field of fish, be specifically related to the producing method for seed of the Xin Niao Tilapia mossambica that the intraspecific hybridization of fish combines with interspecific cross.
Background technology
Crossbreeding is the main path of fish new varieties, in the breed improvements of fish with in producing, has given play to great function, is one of important channel of fish breeding.Because hybridization can make the hybrid generation increase variability and heterogeneity, comprehensive parents' merit, produce the unexistent new proterties of some parents, make the offspring obtain larger genetic improvement, available hybrid vigour appears, by selecting kind, strain with merit to hybridize down to individuality, breed the hybrid population that meets the breeding requirement.More about the report of Tilapia mossambica hybrid seeding research both at home and abroad, as lucky eel Tilapia mossambica (inter-genera distant hybridization of bolti and salol Tilapia mossambica and seed selection filial generation; Draw from " bolti ♀ * salol Tilapia mossambica ♂ hybridization F1 parent analyzes " guangdong agricultural science, the 21st phase in 2012), not the lotus Tilapia mossambica (Oreochromis mossambicus is the hybridization first filial generation of male parent for maternal and Oreochromis hornorum; Drawing from the patent No. is ZL200910038389.8, name is called the patent documentation of " producing method for seed of a kind of not lotus Tilapia mossambica "), (gift tilapia is the hybridization first filial generation of male parent for maternal and Ao Liya for Fu Shou fish (the Mozambique Tilapia mossambica is the hybridization first filial generation of male parent for maternal and bolti), lucky Tilapia mossambica difficult to understand, drawing from the patent No. is ZL CN200710040190.X, and name is called the patent documentation of " seeding technique of a kind of hybridization fish-Ji Ao Tilapia mossambica "), Buddhist nun Tilapia mossambica difficult to understand (bolti is the first filial generation of male parent for maternal and Ao Liya).
Last century, China was not by introducing Oreochromis aureus, Oreochromis aureus formal name used at school oreochromiscoaureus from the U.S.; Itself and bolti hybridize the complete male Buddhist nun of acquisition Tilapia mossambica difficult to understand, and from this, having solved the problem of bolti marketable fish cultivation stage excessive multiplication, and the growth rate of Buddhist nun Austria Tilapia mossambica improves 20～30% than the growth rate of bolti.Yet in the research and production practice, we find father, maternal difference that Buddhist nun Tilapia mossambica difficult to understand is used, the Buddhist nun who obtains Tilapia mossambica difficult to understand has notable difference at growth rate, male ratio culture efficiency, its variety and quality is with to compare gap abroad larger, this is perplexing further developing of China's Tilapia mossambica aquaculture, Tilapia mossambica breeding rate is low, can not meet the demand of fish production and market development.
Exploration is by the first filial generation F of hybridizing in the Oreochromis niloticus by Egyptian strain and Ji Fu strain
1, with Ao Liya, carry out the producing method for seed that interspecific cross obtains fast growth, Xin Niao Tilapia mossambica that male ratio is high, to the germ plasm resource of further excavation kind, reasonably utilize the germplasm benefit to improve Tilapia mossambica cultivation sustainable development and have huge effect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide the producing method for seed of a kind of Xin Niao Tilapia mossambica, the seeding technique that utilizes Tilapia mossambica intraspecific hybridization to combine with interspecific cross, each merit is met and, improve growth rate and the male ratio of Tilapia mossambica, thereby improve output and the benefit of Tilapia mossambica cultivation.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The producing method for seed of Xin Niao Tilapia mossambica, it comprises the following steps:
(a) take the raun of Egyptian strain in bolti as maternal, the milter of lucky rich strain is that male parent is carried out the intraspecific hybridization breeding and obtained first filial generation F
1Bolti;
(b) with first filial generation F
1Raun in bolti is maternal, and the milter of U.S.'s strain Oreochromis aureus is that male parent is carried out the interspecific cross breeding, obtains hybrid generation, is the Xin Niao Tilapia mossambica.
Bolti is commonly called as African crucian, its formal name used at school: Tilapia nilotica (linnaeus); That Tilapia mossambica belongs to (Latin formal name used at school: Tilapia).
Described Egyptian strain bolti is the colony that adopts the 3rd generation of colony's subculture selection seed selection, the rich strain bolti of described Ji be adopt colony's subculture selection seed selection the 6th generation colony; Described U.S. strain Oreochromis aureus be adopt colony's subculture selection seed selection the 3rd generation colony.
Subculture selection-breeding method colony of colony subculture selection-breeding method is again selection-breeding method in locking subculture selection-breeding method, systematic breeding method, pure lines.This method is from the selected works underlying group, and then locking is bred, and according to linebred target, pursues for seed selection and selective pairing, to cultivate the colony that meets predetermined strain standard, genetic stability, neat homogeneous.
The raun of described Egyptian strain bolti and first filial generation F
1The raun of bolti is selected to meet the following conditions:
(a1) the fish body is individual greatly, physique is healthy and strong without disease; The health color and luster is normal, speckle is clear, the health both sides have and 8～10 of axon vertical black bands, and chequered with black and white spot is all arranged on dorsal fin, anal fin and tail fin, the tail fin end blunt round, and bifurcated not, the tail fin striped is arranged vertically;
(a2) 2～3 ages of the age of a fish, body weight is more than 600g;
(a3) gonadal maturation, the body type is full, overstocks gently belly, and gonopore is discharged the individuality of golden yellow fish egg.
The milter of the milter of the rich strain bolti of described Ji and U.S.'s strain Oreochromis aureus is selected to meet the following conditions:
(b1) the fish body is sturdy, and individuality is large, physique is healthy and strong without disease; The health color and luster is normal, speckle is clear, the health both sides have and 8～10 of axon vertical black bands, and chequered with black and white spot is all arranged on dorsal fin, anal fin and tail fin, tail fin end blunt round, and bifurcated not, the tail fin striped is arranged vertically;
(b2) age of a fish was 2～3 ages, and body weight is more than 800g;
(b3) gonadal maturation, overstock belly gently, and gonopore is discharged the individuality of milky seminal fluid;
(b4) to match well right raun large for build.
Described step (a) intraspecific hybridization breeding comprises parent fish pond management, fry collection, fry rearing, fingerling seed selection, the nurture of fish fingerlings that produces between seedling stage;
The parent fish pond management between seedling stage of described product: male parent and female parent are rendered to water temperature and be controlled at 24～27 ℃, water colour is glossy dark green, yellowish green or blue-green, and transparency is 25～30 ㎝, and oxygen content amount is more than 4mg/l, in the parent fish pond of pH value 7.5～8.0; The new water of annotating every 3～4 days stimulates the sexual maturity of parent population; 10～12g/m per month splashes
3Quicklime 1 time; The forage volume of throwing something and feeding every day is 2～3% of fish body gross weight;
Described fry is collected: after male parent was matched 14 days with female parent, there is fry just to fish for collection, will by aperture be the fry of 0.25 ㎝ fish sieve for being transferred in fry pond, breeding density is 1800～2000/ ㎡, and splash copper sulphate and ferrous sulfate carry out sterilizing to fry pond; The weight ratio of copper sulphate and ferrous sulfate is 4～5:2.
Described fry rearing: before fry enters pond, adopt the strong chlorine oil of 0.8～1.0g/m3 to carry out disinfection to fry pond, the fry pond water temperature is controlled at 25～27 ℃, and transparency is 25～30 ㎝, more than holding oxygen 5mg/l, and the depth of water 0.8～1.0m, water colour is glossy dark green; Every 2～3 days, change water 1 time; The open-mouthed bait of fry is the mixed feed of eel material and fingerling material, and its proportioning is 7:3～2, and feeding volume is 45～50g/ ten thousand days, minute 2～3 nursings;
Described fingerling seed selection: the 1st seed selection, select fish body body weight cultivating more than 25g; The 2nd seed selection, select the above raun of fish body body weight 60g to cultivate; The 3rd seed selection, cultivate raun to more than 250g, selects individuality large, and the first sexual maturity time is more than 4 months;
Described nurture of fish fingerlings: before throwing in fingerling, strong chlorine oil is cleaned up the pond with the consumption of 1500～1800g/ mu; Before putting fish, imposed fertilizer 150～250kg/ mu in 4～5 days, the depth of water is 70～80 ㎝; Drop into fingerling, water temperature is controlled at 25～30 ℃, and more than oxygen content amount 4mg/l, it is glossy dark green, yellowish green or bluish-green that water colour becomes, and the depth of water is 1.0～1.5m, passes into oxygen oxygenation, and feeding volume is 10～15% of fish body gross weight/sky, is divided into 2～3 times/days and throws something and feeds.
The input ratio 1:1 of described intraspecific hybridization female parent and male parent.
Described step (b) interspecific cross breeding comprises that the parent fish pond management, the fry that produce between seedling stage are collected, fry rearing;
The parent fish pond management between seedling stage of described product: male parent and female parent are rendered to water temperature and be controlled at 24～27 ℃, water colour is glossy dark green, yellowish green or blue-green, and transparency is 25～30 ㎝, and oxygen content amount is more than 4mg/L, in the parent fish pond of pH value 7.5～8.0; The forage volume of throwing something and feeding every day is 1.5～2% of fish body gross weight, divides and feeds for 3～4 times; Every 2～3 days parent fish ponds, change water one time, quantity of exchanged water is 1/4 of the parent fish pond water yield;
Described fry is collected: after male parent was matched 14 days with female parent, there is fry just to fish for collection, will by aperture be the fry of 0.25 ㎝ fish sieve for being transferred in fry pond, breeding density is 1800～2000/ ㎡, and splash copper sulphate and ferrous sulfate carry out sterilizing to fry pond; The weight ratio of copper sulphate and ferrous sulfate is 4～5:2.
Described fry rearing: before fry enters pond, adopt the strong chlorine oil of 0.8～1.0g/m3 to carry out disinfection to fry pond, the fry pond water temperature is controlled at 25～27 ℃, and transparency is 25～30 ㎝, more than holding oxygen 5mg/l, and the depth of water 0.8～1.0m, water colour is glossy dark green; Every 2～3 days, change water 1 time; The open-mouthed bait of fry is the mixed feed of eel material and fingerling material, and its proportioning is 7:3～2, and feeding volume is 45～50g/ ten thousand days, and minute 2～3 nursings, can cultivate the Sarotherodon sp that makes new advances.
The input ratio 1～3:1 of described interspecific cross female parent and male parent.
Described " parent population " refers to the summation of " male parent " and " female parent " herein.The bolti of the Egyptian strain that adopts in the present invention is introduced from Egypt, and lucky rich strain bolti is to derive from national Nanning Tilapia mossambica seed multiplication farm, and U.S.'s strain Oreochromis aureus is also to derive from national Nanning Tilapia mossambica seed multiplication farm.
The strong chlorine oil that adopts in the present invention claim again TCCA,, fish peace, NKC-621 TCCA (Trichloroisocyanuric acid), be efficient oxidation type Biocidal algae-killing agent; Have that storage characteristics is good and stability is high, safety, pollution-free, high concentration easy to use, effective chlorine density is up to 90%, and bactericidal effect is splendid.Can directly buy from the market.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the seeding technique that the present invention utilizes Tilapia mossambica intraspecific hybridization to combine with interspecific cross, the merit of each Tilapia mossambica fingerling is met and, improve growth rate, male ratio and the dressing percentage of Tilapia mossambica, and stable performance, thereby improve output and the economic benefit of Tilapia mossambica cultivation.In parent population pairing process, strictly control seed selection standard and condition, guaranteed the quality of seed, the heredity of premium properties.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The flow chart of Fig. 1 producing method for seed of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention describes with the following example, but does not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
The producing method for seed of Xin Niao Tilapia mossambica, it comprises the following steps:
1, bolti binary intraspecific hybridization: take the raun of Egyptian strain in bolti as maternal, the milter of lucky rich strain is that male parent is carried out intraspecific hybridization and obtained first filial generation F
1Bolti; Wherein Egyptian strain bolti adopt colony's subculture selection seed selection the 3rd generation colony, the rich strain bolti of described Ji the 6th generation colony.
Parent population outward appearance alternative condition: common feature: 1. the fish body is sturdy, and fast growth, individual large, physique is healthy and strong without disease.2. color and luster is normal, speckle is clear, the health both sides have and 9 of axon vertical black bands, and chequered with black and white spot is all arranged on dorsal fin, anal fin and tail fin, tail fin end blunt round, and bifurcated not, the tail fin striped is arranged vertically.Cheek is only white, not blackening.
Egyptian strain bolti raun: select gonadal maturation, the body type is full, overstocks gently belly, and gonopore is discharged the individuality of golden yellow fish egg, the age be 2 age fish, body weight is more than 600g.
Lucky rich strain bolti milter: select gonadal maturation, overstock gently belly, gonopore is discharged the individuality of milky seminal fluid, the age be 2 age fish, body weight is more than 800g; Build is slightly larger than the pairing raun.The male and female pairing, the pairing ratio is 1:1.
The intraspecific hybridization breeding comprises parent fish pond management, fry collection, fry rearing, fingerling seed selection, the nurture of fish fingerlings that produces between seedling stage.
(1) produce the parent fish pond management between seedling stage: 1.0 mu of parent fish ponds, depth of water 1.4m, male parent is rendered in parent fish pond in the ratio of 1:1 with maternal, water temperature is controlled at 24～27 ℃, water colour is glossy dark green, yellowish green or bluish-green better, transparency between 25～30 ㎝, more than oxygen content amount 4mg/l, pH value 7.5～8.0.The new water of annotating every 3～4 days stimulates the sexual maturity of parent population, and for regulating water quality and water body disinfection, the concentration of splashing per month is 10g/m
3Quicklime 1 time.10:00～morning 8:00 drove aerator and increased foster evening.The forage volume of throwing something and feeding every day is 2% of fish body gross weight, divides morning, respectively throws something and feeds once afternoon, and the green vegetables of throwing something and feeding noon, feeding volume are fish body weight 0.5%.
(2) fry is collected: female milter pairing, after 14 days, after finding that there is seedling, is dragged for seedling immediately.Respectively drag for seedling in every morning, afternoon 1 time, put into preprepared and hang pond, the processing of sieving of the fry of fishing for collection, the fish mesh size is 0.25 ㎝, eliminates the fry of compass screen surface.Fry is left in separately in the cement pit of the different high 1.0m of the wide 1.0m x of long 6m x, breeding density 2000/ ㎡, and splash immediately copper sulphate and ferrous sulfate (weight ratio is 5:2) kill fry Trichodina with it.
(3) fry rearing: before fry entered pond, employing concentration was 0.8g/m
3Strong chlorine oil nursery pond is carried out disinfection.Water temperature is controlled at 25～27 ℃, transparency between 25～30 ㎝, more than oxygen content amount 5mg/l, the depth of water 0.8～1.0m, water colour is glossy dark green.Water was changed 1 time in full pond every 3 days.Evening 10:00～morning 8:00 open fan blower increase foster, 0.5 gas Shi/㎡.The open-mouthed bait of fry is the mixed feed of eel material and fingerling material, and ratio is 7:3, agglomerating the throwing something and feeding of blunging, and feeding volume is 48～50g/ ten thousand days, is divided into 3 times/days and throws something and feeds.
(4) fingerling seed selection: the 1st seed selection, more than fish body body weight 25g, test fish sub-sieve is selected, eliminate the sieve ground fish and be approximately 50% of sum; The 2nd seed selection, more than fish body body weight 60g, distinguish female milter by naked eyes, and individuality carries out the body surface selection, raun select individual large, build is flat-sided, the back of the body is high, color is normal, body is wide larger, superseded whole milters, the rate of selecting and remain reaches more than 50%; The 3rd seed selection, raun is cultivated to 250g, and raun is selected and remain, and individuality is large, build is flat-sided, the back of the body is high, color is normal, body is wide larger, and the first sexual maturity time is more than 4 months, to obtain first filial generation F
1Bolti.
(5) nurture of fish fingerlings: before throwing in fingerling, clean up the pond with the consumption of 1500g/ mu with strong chlorine oil, imposed fertilizer 150～250kg/ mu, the depth of water 70～80 ㎝ in 4～5 days before putting fish.The fish pond area is 2.5～3 mu, drops into fingerling, and water temperature is controlled at 25～30 ℃, water colour becomes glossy dark green, yellowish green or bluish-green better, transparency between 25～30 ㎝, more than holding oxygen 4mg/l, the depth of water 1.0～1.5m.Evening, 10:00～morning 7:00 used vane type, the aerator oxygenation of 1500 watts.The foster machine that increases of one 1500 watts is settled on every pool.Feeding volume is the 10-15%/sky of fish body gross weight, is divided into 2 times/days and throws something and feeds.
2, first filial generation F
1Bolti and Oreochromis aureus interspecific cross: with first filial generation F
1Raun in bolti is maternal, and the milter of U.S.'s strain Oreochromis aureus is that male parent is carried out the interspecific cross breeding, obtains hybrid generation, is the Xin Niao Tilapia mossambica.U.S.'s strain Oreochromis aureus the 3rd generation colony.
The parent population outward appearance is selected: common feature: 1. fast growth, the fish body is sturdy, the body type is full, individual large, physique is healthy and strong without disease.2. the health color and luster is normal, speckle is clear, the health both sides have and 9 of axon vertical black bands, and cheek is only white, not blackening.3. have the body type longer, build is wider, trunk minister's build.4. on dorsal fin, anal fin and tail fin, chequered with black and white spot is arranged all, the tail fin end blunt round, bifurcated not, the tail fin striped is arranged vertically.
Binary bolti F1 selects gonadal maturation for raun, overstocks gently belly, and gonopore is discharged the individuality of golden yellow fish egg.The age of a fish be 2 age fish, average weight is more than 600g.
Leah milter difficult to understand is selected gonadal maturation, overstocks gently belly, and gonopore is discharged the individuality of milky seminal fluid, and it is maternal that the build of pairing milter is slightly larger than pairing.The age of a fish be 2 age fish, average weight is more than 800g, the ratio of male and female pairings is 3:1, density is 1.5 tails/mu.
The interspecific cross breeding comprises that the parent fish pond management, the fry that produce between seedling stage are collected, fry rearing.
(1) produce the parent fish pond management between seedling stage: male parent and female parent are rendered to water temperature and be controlled at 24～27 ℃, water colour is glossy dark green, yellowish green or blue-green, and transparency is 25～30 ㎝, and oxygen content amount is more than 4mg/l, in the parent fish pond of pH value 7.5～8.0; The forage volume of throwing something and feeding every day is 1.5～2% of fish body gross weight, and every natural gift have been thrown something and fed for 3 times, with time feeding volume according to water temperature, weather, fish and active situation, adjusted, with fish, in 30min, eat up and be as the criterion.In order to supplement ascorbic shortage in manufactured feed, the 9:00 appropriate green fodder of throwing something and feeding in the morning, 12:00 is as the criterion without residual bait with noon.Bait feeding will be followed regularly, fixed point, determine matter, quantitative principle.Water was changed once in the Give parent population pool in every 2～3 days, and quantity of exchanged water is 1/4 of the pond water yield, in order to stimulate the mating of male and female fish.Parent population pool surrounding enviroment are kept quite, in order to avoid affect the parent population mating, lay eggs.Male parent checked parent population once with maternal every 10 days, with throwing net, fished at random each 5 tails of parent population male and female, and the mature condition of observing sexual gland, then, according to the developmental state of the fish body girth of a garment and sexual gland, adjust feeding volume.
(2) fry is collected: female milter pairing, after 14 days, after finding that there is seedling, is dragged for seedling immediately.Respectively drag for seedling in every morning, afternoon 1 time, put into preprepared and hang pond, the processing of sieving of the fry of fishing for collection, the fish mesh size is 0.25cm, eliminates the fry of compass screen surface.Fry is left in separately in the cement pit of the different high 1.0m of the wide 1.0m x of long 6m x, breeding density 2000/ ㎡, and splash immediately copper sulphate and ferrous sulfate (weight ratio is 5:2) kill fry Trichodina with it.
(3) fry rearing: before fry enters pond, adopt 0.8～1.0g/m
3Strong chlorine oil fry pond is carried out disinfection, the fry pond water temperature is controlled at 25～27 ℃, transparency is 25～30 ㎝, more than holding oxygen 5mg/L, the depth of water 0.8～1.0m, water colour is glossy dark green; Every 2～3 days, change water 1 time; The open-mouthed bait of fry is the mixed feed of eel material and fingerling material, and its proportioning is 7:3, and feeding volume is 50g/ ten thousand days, and minute 2～3 nursings, can cultivate the Sarotherodon sp that makes new advances.
The Tilapia mossambica that cultivates is supporting is that its growth rate improves 13.1% than common Sarotherodon sp, and dressing percentage reaches 37.6%, and male ratio reaches 94.3%.
Embodiment 2
The producing method for seed of Xin Niao Tilapia mossambica, it comprises the following steps:
2, bolti binary intraspecific hybridization: take the raun of Egyptian strain in bolti as maternal, the milter of lucky rich strain is that male parent is carried out intraspecific hybridization and obtained first filial generation F
1Bolti; Wherein Egyptian strain bolti is adopted the colony of the 3rd generation of colony's subculture selection seed selection, the rich strain bolti of described Ji the 6th generation colony.
Parent population outward appearance alternative condition: common feature: 1. the fish body is sturdy, and fast growth, individual large, physique is healthy and strong without disease.2. color and luster is normal, speckle is clear, the health both sides have and 10 of axon vertical black bands, and chequered with black and white spot is all arranged on dorsal fin, anal fin and tail fin, tail fin end blunt round, and bifurcated not, the tail fin striped is arranged vertically.Cheek is only white, not blackening.
Egyptian strain bolti raun: select gonadal maturation, the body type is full, overstocks gently belly, and gonopore is discharged the individuality of golden yellow fish egg, the age be 2 age fish, body weight is more than 600g.
Lucky rich strain bolti milter: select gonadal maturation, overstock gently belly, gonopore is discharged the individuality of milky seminal fluid, the age be 2 age fish, body weight is more than 800g; Build is slightly larger than the pairing raun.The male and female pairing, the pairing ratio is 1:1.
Intraspecific hybridization breeding comprises the parent fish pond management of producing between seedling stage, fry collection, fry rearing, the seed selection of fingerling, the cultivation of fingerling.
(1) produce the parent fish pond management between seedling stage: parent population produces 1.0 mu, seedling pond, depth of water 1.4m, male parent is rendered in parent fish pond in the ratio of 1:2 with maternal, water temperature is controlled at 24～27 ℃, water colour is glossy dark green, yellowish green or bluish-green better, transparency between 25～30 ㎝, more than oxygen content amount 4mg/L, pH value 7.5～8.0.The new water of annotating every 3～4 days stimulates the sexual maturity of parent population, for regulating water quality and water body disinfection, and the quicklime of the 12g/m3 that splashes per month 1 time.10:00～morning 8:00 drove aerator and increased foster evening.The forage volume of throwing something and feeding every day is 3% of fish body gross weight, divides morning, respectively throws something and feeds once afternoon, and the green vegetables of throwing something and feeding noon, feeding volume are fish body weight 0.5%.
(2) fry is collected: female milter pairing, after 14 days, after finding that there is seedling, is dragged for seedling immediately.Respectively drag for seedling in every morning, afternoon 1 time, put into preprepared and hang pond, the processing of sieving of the fry of fishing for collection, fish sieve specification is that aperture is 0.25 ㎝, eliminates the fry of compass screen surface.Fry is left in separately in the cement pit of the different high 1.0m of the wide 1.0m x of long 6m x, breeding density 1800/ ㎡, and splash immediately copper sulphate and ferrous sulfate (weight ratio is 4:2) kill fry Trichodina with it.
(3) fry rearing: before fry enters pond, adopt the strong chlorine oil of 1.0g/m3 to carry out disinfection to nursery pond.Water temperature is controlled at 25～27 ℃, transparency between 25～30 ㎝, more than oxygen content amount 5mg/l, the depth of water 0.8～1.0m, water colour is glossy dark green.Water was changed 1 time in full pond every 3 days.Evening 10:00～morning 8:00 open fan blower increase foster, 0.5 gas Shi/㎡.The open-mouthed bait of fry is the mixed feed of eel material and fingerling material, and ratio is 7:2, agglomerating the throwing something and feeding of blunging, and feeding volume is 45g/ ten thousand days, is divided into 3 times/days and throws something and feeds.
(4) fingerling seed selection: the 1st seed selection, more than fish body body weight 25g, test fish sub-sieve is selected, eliminate the sieve ground fish and be approximately 50% of sum; The 2nd seed selection, more than fish body body weight 60g, distinguish female milter by naked eyes, and individuality carries out the body surface selection, raun select individual large, build is flat-sided, the back of the body is high, color is normal, body is wide larger, superseded whole milters, the rate of selecting and remain reaches more than 50%; The 3rd seed selection, raun is cultivated to 250g, and raun is selected and remain, and individuality is large, build is flat-sided, the back of the body is high, color is normal, body is wide larger, and the first sexual maturity time is more than 4, to obtain first filial generation F
1Bolti.
(5) cultivation of fingerling: before throwing in fingerling, clean up the pond with the consumption of 1500g/ mu with strong chlorine oil, imposed fertilizer 200～250kg/ mu, the depth of water 70～80 ㎝ in 4～5 days before putting fish.The fish pond area is 2.5～3 mu, drops into fingerling, and water temperature is controlled at 25～30 ℃, water colour becomes glossy dark green, yellowish green or bluish-green better, transparency between 25～30 ㎝, more than holding oxygen 4mg/l, the depth of water 1.0～1.5m.Evening, 10:00～morning 7:00 used vane type, the aerator oxygenation of 1500 watts.The foster machine that increases of one 1500 watts is settled on every pool.Feeding volume is 12～15% of fish body gross weight/sky, is divided into 3 times/days and throws something and feeds.
2, first filial generation F
1Bolti and Oreochromis aureus interspecific cross: with first filial generation F
1Raun in bolti is maternal, and the milter of U.S.'s strain Oreochromis aureus is that male parent is carried out the interspecific cross breeding, obtains hybrid generation, is the Xin Niao Tilapia mossambica.U.S.'s strain Oreochromis aureus the 3rd generation colony.
The parent population outward appearance is selected: common feature: 1. fast growth, the fish body is sturdy, the body type is full, individual large, physique is healthy and strong without disease.2. the health color and luster is normal, speckle is clear, the health both sides have and 9 of axon vertical black bands, and cheek is only white, not blackening.3. have the body type longer, build is wider, trunk minister's build.4. on dorsal fin, anal fin and tail fin, chequered with black and white spot is arranged all, the tail fin end blunt round, bifurcated not, the tail fin striped is arranged vertically.
Binary bolti F1 selects gonadal maturation for raun, overstocks gently belly, and gonopore is discharged the individuality of golden yellow fish egg.The age of a fish be 2 age fish, average weight is more than 600g.
Leah milter difficult to understand is selected gonadal maturation, overstocks gently belly, and gonopore is discharged the individuality of milky seminal fluid, and it is maternal that the build of pairing milter is slightly larger than pairing.The age of a fish be 2 age fish, average weight is more than 800g, the ratio of male and female pairings is 3:1, density is 1.5 tails/mu.
The interspecific cross breeding comprises that the parent fish pond management, the fry that produce between seedling stage are collected, fry rearing.
(1) produce the parent fish pond management between seedling stage: male parent and female parent are rendered to water temperature and be controlled at 24～27 ℃, water colour is glossy dark green, yellowish green or blue-green, and transparency is 25～30 ㎝, and oxygen content amount is more than 4mg/L, in the parent fish pond of pH value 7.5～8.0; The forage volume of throwing something and feeding every day is 1.5～2% of fish body gross weight, and every natural gift have been thrown something and fed for 3 times, with time feeding volume according to water temperature, weather, fish and active situation, adjusted, with fish, in 30min, eat up and be as the criterion.In order to supplement ascorbic shortage in manufactured feed, the 9:00 appropriate green fodder of throwing something and feeding in the morning, 12:00 is as the criterion without residual bait with noon.Bait feeding will be followed regularly, fixed point, determine matter, quantitative principle.Water was changed once in the Give parent population pool in every 2 days, and quantity of exchanged water is 1/4 of the pond water yield, in order to stimulate the mating of male and female fish.Parent population pool surrounding enviroment are kept quite, in order to avoid affect the parent population mating, lay eggs.Male parent checked parent population once with maternal every 10 days, with throwing net, fished at random each 5 tails of parent population male and female, and the mature condition of observing sexual gland, then, according to the developmental state of the fish body girth of a garment and sexual gland, adjust feeding volume.
(2) fry is collected: female milter pairing, after 14 days, after finding that there is seedling, is dragged for seedling immediately.Respectively drag for seedling in every morning, afternoon 1 time, put into preprepared and hang pond, the processing of sieving of the fry of fishing for collection, fish sieve specification is for for aperture is 0.25 ㎝, the fry of superseded compass screen surface.Fry is left in separately in the cement pit of the different high 1.0m of the wide 1.0m x of long 6m x, breeding density 1800/ ㎡, and splash immediately copper sulphate and ferrous sulfate (weight ratio is 4:2) kill fry Trichodina with it.。
(3) fry rearing: before fry enters pond, adopt 1.0g/m
3Strong chlorine oil fry pond is carried out disinfection, the fry pond water temperature is controlled at 25～27 ℃, transparency is 25～30 ㎝, more than holding oxygen 5mg/l, the depth of water 0.8～1.0m, water colour is glossy dark green; Every 2 days, change water 1 time; The open-mouthed bait of fry is the mixed feed of eel material and fingerling material, and its proportioning is 7:2, and feeding volume is 45g/ ten thousand days, and minute 2～3 nursings, can cultivate the Sarotherodon sp that makes new advances.
Its growth rate of Xin Niao Tilapia mossambica that cultivates improves 13.4% than common Sarotherodon sp, and dressing percentage reaches 37.5%, and male ratio reaches 94.4%.
Claims (9)
1. the producing method for seed of Xin Niao Tilapia mossambica, it is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
(a) take the raun of Egyptian strain in bolti as maternal, the milter of lucky rich strain is that male parent is carried out the intraspecific hybridization breeding and obtained first filial generation F
1Bolti;
(b) with first filial generation F
1Raun in bolti is maternal, and the milter of U.S.'s strain Oreochromis aureus is that male parent is carried out the interspecific cross breeding, obtains hybrid generation, is the Xin Niao Tilapia mossambica.
2. the producing method for seed of Xin Niao Tilapia mossambica according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Egyptian strain bolti is the colony that adopts the 3rd generation of colony's subculture selection seed selection, the rich strain bolti of described Ji be adopt colony's subculture selection seed selection the 6th generation colony; Described U.S. strain Oreochromis aureus be adopt colony's subculture selection seed selection the 3rd generation colony.
3. the producing method for seed of Xin Niao Tilapia mossambica according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the raun of described Egyptian strain bolti and first filial generation F
1The raun of bolti is selected to meet the following conditions:
(a1) the fish body is individual greatly, physique is healthy and strong without disease; The health color and luster is normal, speckle is clear, the health both sides have and 8 ~ 10 of axon vertical black bands, and chequered with black and white spot is all arranged on dorsal fin, anal fin and tail fin, the tail fin end blunt round, and bifurcated not, the tail fin striped is arranged vertically;
(a2) 2 ~ 3 ages of the age of a fish, body weight is more than 600g;
(a3) gonadal maturation, the body type is full, overstocks gently belly, and gonopore is discharged the individuality of golden yellow fish-egg.
4. the producing method for seed of Xin Niao Tilapia mossambica according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the milter of the milter of the rich strain bolti of described Ji and U.S.'s strain Oreochromis aureus is selected to meet the following conditions:
(b1) the fish body is sturdy, and individuality is large, physique is healthy and strong without disease; The health color and luster is normal, speckle is clear, the health both sides have and 8 ~ 10 of axon vertical black bands, and chequered with black and white spot is all arranged on dorsal fin, anal fin and tail fin, tail fin end blunt round, and bifurcated not, the tail fin striped is arranged vertically;
(b2) age of a fish was 2 ~ 3 ages, and body weight is more than 800g;
(b3) gonadal maturation, overstock belly gently, and gonopore is discharged the individuality of milky seminal fluid;
(b4) to match well right raun large for build.
5. the producing method for seed of Xin Niao Tilapia mossambica according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described step (a) intraspecific hybridization breeding comprises parent fish pond management, fry collection, fry rearing, fingerling seed selection, the nurture of fish fingerlings that produces between seedling stage;
The parent fish pond management between seedling stage of described product: male parent and female parent are rendered to water temperature and be controlled at 24～27 ℃, water colour is glossy dark green, yellowish green or blue-green, and transparency is 25～30 ㎝, and oxygen content amount is more than 4mg/l, in the parent fish pond of pH value 7.5～8.0; The new water of annotating every 3～4 days stimulates the sexual maturity of parent population; 10 ~ 12 g/m per month splash
3Quicklime 1 time; The forage volume of throwing something and feeding every day is 2 ~ 3% of fish body gross weight;
Described fry is collected: after male parent was matched 14 days with female parent, there is fry just to fish for collection, will by aperture be the fry of 0.25 ㎝ fish sieve for being transferred in fry pond, breeding density is 1800 ~ 2000/ ㎡, and splash copper sulphate and ferrous sulfate carry out sterilizing to fry pond;
Described fry rearing: before fry enters pond, adopt 0.8 ~ 1.0g/m
3Strong chlorine oil fry pond is carried out disinfection, the fry pond water temperature is controlled at 25～27 ℃, transparency is 25～30 ㎝, more than holding oxygen 5mg/l, the depth of water 0.8～1.0m, water colour is glossy dark green; Every 2 ~ 3 days, change water 1 time; The open-mouthed bait of fry is the mixed feed of eel material and fingerling material, and its proportioning is 7: 3 ~ 2, and feeding volume is 45 ~ 50g/ ten thousand days, minute 2 ~ 3 nursings;
Described fingerling seed selection: the 1st seed selection, select fish body body weight cultivating more than 25g; The 2nd seed selection, select the above raun of fish body body weight 60g to cultivate; The 3rd seed selection, cultivate raun to more than 250g, selects individuality large, and the first sexual maturity time is more than 4 months;
Described nurture of fish fingerlings: before throwing in fingerling, strong chlorine oil is cleaned up the pond with the consumption of 1500 ~ 1800g/ mu; Before putting fish, imposed fertilizer 150～250kg/ mu in 4～5 days, the depth of water is 70～80 ㎝; Drop into fingerling, water temperature is controlled at 25～30 ℃, and more than oxygen content amount 4mg/l, it is glossy dark green, yellowish green or bluish-green that water colour becomes, and the depth of water is 1.0～1.5m, passes into oxygen oxygenation, and feeding volume is 10 ~ 15% of fish body gross weight/sky, is divided into 2 ~ 3 times/days and throws something and feeds.
6. the producing method for seed of Xin Niao Tilapia mossambica according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the input ratio of described intraspecific hybridization female parent and male parent 1: 1.
7. the producing method for seed of Xin Niao Tilapia mossambica according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described step (b) interspecific cross breeding comprises that the parent fish pond management, the fry that produce between seedling stage are collected, fry rearing;
The parent fish pond management between seedling stage of described product: male parent and female parent are rendered to water temperature and be controlled at 24～27 ℃, water colour is glossy dark green, yellowish green or blue-green, and transparency is 25～30 ㎝, and oxygen content amount is more than 4mg/L, in the parent fish pond of pH value 7.5～8.0; The forage volume of throwing something and feeding every day is 1.5 ~ 2% of fish body gross weight, divides and feeds for 3 ~ 4 times; Every 2～3 days parent fish ponds, change water one time, quantity of exchanged water is 1/4 of the parent fish pond water yield;
Described fry is collected: after male parent was matched 14 days with female parent, there is fry just to fish for collection, will by aperture be the fry of 0.25 ㎝ fish sieve for being transferred in fry pond, breeding density is 1800 ~ 2000/ ㎡, and splash copper sulphate and ferrous sulfate carry out sterilizing to fry pond;
Described fry rearing: before fry enters pond, adopt 0.8 ~ 1.0g/m
3Strong chlorine oil fry pond is carried out disinfection, the fry pond water temperature is controlled at 25～27 ℃, transparency is 25～30 ㎝, more than holding oxygen 5mg/L, the depth of water 0.8～1.0m, water colour is glossy dark green; Every 2 ~ 3 days, change water 1 time; The open-mouthed bait of fry is the mixed feed of eel material and fingerling material, and its proportioning is 7: 3 ~ 2, and feeding volume is 45 ~ 50g/ ten thousand days, and minute 2 ~ 3 nursings can be cultivated the Buddhist nun that makes new advances Tilapia mossambica difficult to understand.
8. the producing method for seed of Xin Niao Tilapia mossambica according to claim 7, is characterized in that: the input ratio 1 ~ 3: 1 of described interspecific cross female parent and male parent.
9. the producing method for seed of according to claim 5 or 7 described Xin Niao Tilapia mossambicas is characterized in that: the weight ratio of spilling copper sulphate and ferrous sulfate of described fry in collecting is 4 ~ 5:2.
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| CN104542397B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2019-04-05 | 茂名市伟业罗非鱼良种场 | A kind of polynary parents producing method for seed of Tilapia mossambica |
| CN104756909A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-07-08 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | Standard culture device and method for tilapia mossambica breeding family fries |
| CN106818546B (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2020-04-17 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | Breeding method of high-reproduction type hybrid mating mantle line of Niao tilapia |
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| CN111165401B (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2023-04-25 | 广西壮族自治区水产引育种中心 | Quick and efficient breeding method for tilapia mossambica |
| CN114097789A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-03-01 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Method for preparing compound tea saponin pond cleaning agent by taking tea seed meal as raw material |
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