DE19812650A1 - Method for increasing cold tolerance of warm and cold water fish - Google Patents
Method for increasing cold tolerance of warm and cold water fishInfo
- Publication number
- DE19812650A1 DE19812650A1 DE19812650A DE19812650A DE19812650A1 DE 19812650 A1 DE19812650 A1 DE 19812650A1 DE 19812650 A DE19812650 A DE 19812650A DE 19812650 A DE19812650 A DE 19812650A DE 19812650 A1 DE19812650 A1 DE 19812650A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- fish
- feed
- cold
- warm
- increasing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 7
- 241000276616 Cichlidae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000276707 Tilapia Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000252210 Cyprinidae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000276719 Oreochromis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000276677 Sarotherodon Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 241001137930 Pelvicachromis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 claims 1
- PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-N (R)-carnitine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C[C@H](O)CC([O-])=O PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000008645 cold stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241001600451 Chromis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252231 Cyprinus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001137931 Pelvicachromis pulcher Species 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006266 hibernation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/80—Feeding devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Kältetoleranz von Fischen, insbesondere solchen der Familie Cichlidae.The present invention relates to a method for increasing the cold tolerance of Fishing, especially those of the Cichlidae family.
Zahlreiche wirtschaftlich bedeutende Fischarten (der Ausdruck Fischarten ist hier und im folgenden nicht im taxonomischen Sinne von Species zu verstehen) besitzen nur eine be schränkte Kältetoleranz und können daher in Gebieten mit saisonal niedrigen Wasser temperaturen nicht oder nur mit erheblichen Verlusten durch Kälteperioden im Freiland kultiviert werden. So hören beispielsweise Tilapien als typische Warmwasserfische bereits bei 18°C auf zu wachsen und gehen ein, wenn die Wassertemperatur auf 11°C sinkt (siehe z. B. B. Chamish, Fish Farmer July/August 1996, 14; T. Lovell, Aquaculture Magazine May/June 1995, 87-91). Ihre Kultur ist daher im wesentlichen auf tropische Gebiete und Teile der Subtropen beschränkt, die Nordgrenze liegt etwa in Israel, wo jedoch während der Wintermonate schon erhebliche Probleme auftreten. Auch bei Kaltwasserfischen, die in gemäßigten Breiten kultiviert werden (z. B. Karpfen, Cyprinus carpio L.), treten bei der Überwinterung häufig Tierverluste auf oder die Fische sind am Ende des Winters stark geschwächt, weil sie nicht nur ihre Fettreserven angegriffen, sondern auch Körperprotein abgebaut haben. Eine Überwinterung ist aber normalerweise erforderlich, weil die Fische in einer einzigen Wachstumsperiode nicht das gewünschte Gewicht erreichen. Eine Ver besserung der Kältetoleranz dieser oder anderer Fischarten würde eine Kultur auch in un günstigeren Klimazonen ermöglichen und die Erträge in den Randgebieten der bisherigen Kulturregionen deutlich verbessern.Numerous economically important fish species (the expression fish species is here and in the following not to be understood in the taxonomic sense of species) have only one be limited cold tolerance and can therefore be found in areas with seasonally low water temperatures or only with considerable losses due to cold periods in the field be cultivated. For example, tilapia is already heard as typical warm water fish to grow up at 18 ° C and die when the water temperature drops to 11 ° C (see e.g. B. B. Chamish, Fish Farmer July / August 1996, 14; T. Lovell, Aquaculture Magazine May / June 1995, 87-91). Their culture is therefore essentially tropical and Parts of the subtropics are limited, the northern border is roughly in Israel, but where during in the winter months there are already considerable problems. Even with cold water fish that are in temperate latitudes (e.g. carp, Cyprinus carpio L.) occur in the Hibernation often results in animal loss or the fish are strong at the end of winter weakened because they not only attacked their fat reserves, but also body protein have broken down. Wintering is usually required because of the fish not achieve the desired weight in a single growing season. A ver Improving the cold tolerance of this or other fish species would also be a culture in un enable more favorable climates and the yields in the peripheral areas of the previous Significantly improve cultural regions.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war daher, ein Verfahren bereitzustellen, welches die Überlebensrate von Fischen wie beispielsweise Tilapien (Famile Cichlidae) bei tiefen Tem peraturen erhöht.The object of the present invention was therefore to provide a method which Survival rate of fish such as tilapia (Famile Cichlidae) at low temperatures temperatures increased.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch das Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the method according to claim 1.
Es wurde überraschend gefunden, daß durch Zusatz von L-Camitin zum Futter während der Aufzuchtphase die Überlebensrate beispielsweise von Tilapien nach Kältestreß signifikant erhöht werden kann. It was surprisingly found that by adding L-camitine to the feed during the rearing phase, the survival rate of, for example, tilapia after cold stress can be increased significantly.
Weiterhin wurde gefunden, daß beispielsweise bei Spiegelkarpfen (Cyprinus carpio L.) durch Zusatz von L-Camitin zum Futter während der Jungfischphase nicht nur die Über lebensrate bei der Überwinterung, sondern auch die Fettreserven zu Winterbeginn erhöht werden und der Proteinabbau während des Winters vermindert wird.It was also found that, for example, in mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) by adding L-Camitin to the feed during the juvenile phase, not only the excess life rate during wintering, but also increased fat reserves at the beginning of winter and protein breakdown is reduced during winter.
Vorzugsweise wird das L-Camitin dem Fischfutter in einer Menge von 500 bis 2000 mg/kg (500-2000 ppm), bezogen auf die gesamte verabreichte Futtermenge, zugesetzt. Das L-Car nitin kann hierbei entweder dem gesamten Futter zugesetzt werden, so daß die obenstehen de Menge als Konzentrationsangabe aufzufassen ist, oder es wird nur einem Teil des Futters in entsprechend höherer Konzentration zugegeben, so daß sich über die gesamte Futtermenge gemittelt ebenfalls eine Konzentration von 500 bis 2000 mg/kg ergibt. Aus praktischen Gründen und wegen der größeren Dosierungssicherheit ist der Zusatz zur gesamten Futtermenge bevorzugt.Preferably, the L-camitin is added to the fish feed in an amount of 500 to 2000 mg / kg (500-2000 ppm), based on the total amount of feed administered. The L-Car nitin can either be added to the entire feed so that they are at the top de quantity is to be understood as a concentration, or only part of the Food added in a correspondingly higher concentration, so that over the entire Average amount of feed also gives a concentration of 500 to 2000 mg / kg. Out practical reasons and because of the greater dosing security is the addition to total amount of feed preferred.
Als Fischarten für die Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind solche der Familie Cichlidae bevorzugt.As fish species for the application of the method according to the invention are those of Family Cichlidae preferred.
Besonders bevorzugte Fischarten sind Tilapien, insbesondere solche der Gattung Pelvica chromis, Oreochromis oder Sarotherodon oder deren Hybriden.Particularly preferred fish species are tilapia, especially those of the Pelvica genus chromis, Oreochromis or Sarotherodon or their hybrids.
Weitere bevorzugte Fischarten für die Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind solche der Familie Cyprinidae. Unter diesen sind Karpfen (Cyprinus caprio L.) besonders bevorzugt.Other preferred fish species for the application of the method according to the invention are those of the Cyprinidae family. Among these are carp (Cyprinus caprio L.) particularly preferred.
Das folgende Beispiel verdeutlicht die Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.The following example illustrates the implementation of the method according to the invention.
In Glas-Aquarien (19 × 45 × 23 cm3) mit jeweils einem Biofilter (300 cm3, Nylonfaser füllung), künstlicher Belüftung und einem Bodenbelag aus Kieselglaspartikeln wurden ca. drei Monate alte Ziertilapien der Species Pelvicachromis pulcher definiertem Kältestreß ausgesetzt. Die fast ausgewachsenen Fische waren in vier Gruppen zu jeweils 50 Exem plaren eingeteilt, wobei eine Gruppe (Kontrollgruppe) mit Futter ohne Camitinzusatz auf gezogen worden war, während die drei anderen Gruppen während der Aufzuchtphase Fut ter mit Zusatz von 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg bzw. 2000 mg/kg L-Camitin erhalten hatten. Die Wassertemperatur betrug während der Aufzuchtphase und zu Beginn der Testphase 27°C. Die Wassertemperatur wurde innerhalb von 7 h kontinuierlich mit 2 K/h auf 13°C abgesenkt, wobei in jeder Gruppe jeweils beim Erreichen von 17°C, 15°C und 13°C die Zahl der verendeten Individuen bestimmt wurde. Nach weiteren 5 h bei 13°C wurde nochmals die Zahl der verendeten Individuen bestimmt und dann die Temperatur innerhalb von 7 h wieder auf den Ausgangswert von 27°C erhöht und auf diesem Wert belassen. Schließlich wurde nach Ablauf von 48 h seit Versuchsbeginn nochmals die Zahl der ver endeten Tiere bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse sind in der folgenden Tabelle zusammengefaßt. Die Verluste in jeder Gruppe von anfangs 50 Individuen sind jeweils kumulativ ab Ver suchsbeginn angegeben.In glass aquariums (19 × 45 × 23 cm 3 ), each with a biofilter (300 cm 3 , nylon fiber filling), artificial ventilation and a floor covering made of silica glass particles, three-month-old ornamental tilapia of the species Pelvicachromis pulcher were exposed to defined cold stress. The almost fully grown fish were divided into four groups of 50 specimens each, one group (control group) with feed without added camitin, while the other three groups with 500 mg / kg, 1000 mg added during the rearing phase / kg or 2000 mg / kg L-camitine. The water temperature during the rearing phase and at the beginning of the test phase was 27 ° C. The water temperature was continuously reduced at 2 K / h to 13 ° C. in the course of 7 hours, the number of individuals who died in each group being determined when 17 ° C., 15 ° C. and 13 ° C. were reached. After a further 5 hours at 13 ° C., the number of individuals who died was again determined and the temperature was then raised again to the initial value of 27 ° C. within 7 hours and left at this value. Finally, after 48 hours had elapsed since the start of the experiment, the number of animals died was determined again. The results are summarized in the following table. The losses in each group of initially 50 individuals are given cumulatively from the start of the experiment.
Tabelletable
Der Versuch zeigt eine signifikante Erhöhung der Überlebensrate durch Zusatz von L-Camitin zum Fischfutter.The trial shows a significant increase in survival by adding L-Camitin for fish feed.
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH40098 | 1998-02-19 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE19812650A1 true DE19812650A1 (en) | 1998-11-05 |
| DE19812650C2 DE19812650C2 (en) | 1999-09-16 |
Family
ID=4186165
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19812650A Expired - Fee Related DE19812650C2 (en) | 1998-02-19 | 1998-03-23 | Process for increasing the cold tolerance of fish |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2043899A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19812650C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999041979A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102696520A (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2012-10-03 | 广西壮族自治区水产研究所 | Method for producing seeds of new Nero-Aurea tilapia |
| CN107711625A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-02-23 | 五河县金塘水产养殖有限公司 | A kind of feeding method of high nutrition carp |
| CN108782356A (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2018-11-13 | 李宇 | A kind of ecological cultivation method of chinese carp |
| CN108967273A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2018-12-11 | 蚌埠农兴现代农业专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method of high nutrition quality loach |
| CN111149733A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-05-15 | 赣州市水产研究所 | Natural overwintering method for outdoor pond of spiny eels |
| CN111165401A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-05-19 | 广西壮族自治区水产引育种中心 | Rapid and efficient breeding method for tilapia |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107223606A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-10-03 | 铜仁市万山区生态渔业养殖有限公司 | A kind of stereoscopic cultivation method of bighead |
| CN107637548A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-01-30 | 南宁市生润科技有限公司 | A kind of high-yield disease resisting cultural method of grass carp |
| CN108935242A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2018-12-07 | 上海海洋大学 | A kind of producing method for seed of intraspecific hybridization combination grass carp |
| CN109601439A (en) * | 2019-02-12 | 2019-04-12 | 信丰县神灯农业科技有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of high-quality three way cross crucian carp |
| CN110367152A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-10-25 | 吉林省水产科学研究院 | The method of wild variegated sculpins artificial domestication |
| CN116616367B (en) * | 2023-02-17 | 2024-05-17 | 广东省科学院微生物研究所(广东省微生物分析检测中心) | Application of lactobacillus casei in preparation of preparation for enhancing cold resistance of fish |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5030657A (en) * | 1989-10-23 | 1991-07-09 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | L-carnitine supplemented catfish diet |
| JPH05103597A (en) * | 1991-10-11 | 1993-04-27 | Yukio Yanagimoto | Feed for aquatic organism |
| AU1190497A (en) * | 1995-12-07 | 1997-06-27 | Lonza A.G. | Method of increasing the reproduction rate of fish |
| US5722346A (en) * | 1996-04-17 | 1998-03-03 | The Board Of Governors For Higher Education | Smolting feed |
-
1998
- 1998-03-23 DE DE19812650A patent/DE19812650C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-01-29 WO PCT/CH1999/000039 patent/WO1999041979A1/en active Application Filing
- 1999-01-29 AU AU20438/99A patent/AU2043899A/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102696520A (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2012-10-03 | 广西壮族自治区水产研究所 | Method for producing seeds of new Nero-Aurea tilapia |
| CN102696520B (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2013-11-20 | 广西壮族自治区水产研究所 | Method for producing seeds of new Nero-Aurea tilapia |
| CN108782356A (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2018-11-13 | 李宇 | A kind of ecological cultivation method of chinese carp |
| CN107711625A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-02-23 | 五河县金塘水产养殖有限公司 | A kind of feeding method of high nutrition carp |
| CN108967273A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2018-12-11 | 蚌埠农兴现代农业专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method of high nutrition quality loach |
| CN111149733A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-05-15 | 赣州市水产研究所 | Natural overwintering method for outdoor pond of spiny eels |
| CN111165401A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-05-19 | 广西壮族自治区水产引育种中心 | Rapid and efficient breeding method for tilapia |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1999041979A1 (en) | 1999-08-26 |
| AU2043899A (en) | 1999-09-06 |
| DE19812650C2 (en) | 1999-09-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OAV | Publication of unexamined application with consent of applicant | ||
| 8110 | Request for examination paragraph 44 | ||
| D2 | Grant after examination | ||
| 8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
| 8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |