CN102668956B - Cultivation method of dendrobium officinale and special nutrient solution thereof - Google Patents

Cultivation method of dendrobium officinale and special nutrient solution thereof Download PDF

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CN102668956B
CN102668956B CN201210169129.6A CN201210169129A CN102668956B CN 102668956 B CN102668956 B CN 102668956B CN 201210169129 A CN201210169129 A CN 201210169129A CN 102668956 B CN102668956 B CN 102668956B
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dendrobium candidum
nitrate
sulphate
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贺冬仙
杜维芬
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China Agricultural University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method of dendrobium officinale and a special nutrient solution thereof. The nutrient solution is composed of solutes and a solvent. The solvent is water, and the solutes include an N source, a P source, a K source, a Ca source, a Mg source, a Fe source, a B source, an Mn source, a Zn source, a Cu source and a Mo source, wherein the mass ratio of N element, P element, K element, Ca element and Mg element in the N source, the P source, the K source, the Ca source, the Mg source is (3-5): (1-4): (1-4): (1.5-2.5): 1. According to the cultivation method of the dendrobium officinale, solid culture can be performed under suitable artificial light or natural light, growth and development of the dendrobium officinale can be promoted, production cycle can be shortened, and yield and quality of the dendrobium officinale can be improved finally. Therefore, the cultivation method of the dendrobium officinale and the special nutrient solution thereof have broad application prospects.

Description

A kind of cultivation method of dendrobium candidum and special nutrient fluid thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and special nutrient fluid thereof of cultivating dendrobium candidum.
Background technology
Dendrobium candidum (Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo) is traditional rare traditional Chinese medicine, is positioned at first of Chinese nine immortal grass.Have nourishing Yin and clearing heatly, the beneficial stomach that promotes the production of body fluid, moistens the lung and relieve the cough, the effects such as tonifying five zang organs consumptive disease, and improve human immunological competence, anti-ageing, suppress tumour, improve the aspect such as diabetic symptom and atrophic gastritis and have positive effect.
Because going from bad to worse of ecotope excavated with medicinal herb grower's predatoriness, the wild resource of dendrobium candidum has been on the verge of exhaustion, within 1987, is classified as the wild rare medicinal material kind of emphasis second class protection by country.At present, the rarest nearly 1,000,000 tons of the market demand of domestic and international dendrobium candidum, but also less than 1% of apparent availability, its processed goods maple bucket is more than the price of international market has reached 3000-5000 dollar/kg, and out of stock in spite of rising price, become genuine " plant gold ".
Dendrobium candidum is perennial the orchid family draft, and long term growth, in the shady and cool environment of warm and moist, belongs to low light level shade plant.Closely during the last ten years, domestic scholars is by research, substantially established group training and bred the artificial cultivation pattern (abbreviation: natural daylight cultivation method) that the facility cultivations such as seedling and green house combine; Also have and use on a small quantity the artificial cultivation pattern (be called for short: artificial light cultivation method) of artificial light source as the environmental-control type plant factor of illumination source completely.No matter be natural daylight cultivation method, or artificial light cultivation method, from the domestication of group training seedling, in need to having the facility of certain environment control, field planting cultivates, artificial cultivation is tamed successfully and is started to calculate to being formally transplanted to land for growing field crops from group training, minimum needs 1 year half, after 3 years half, just picking time be can enter late, and adapt circumstance regulation and control and rational moisture and nutrient supply in cultivation process, needed.The statistics in by the end of September, 2009 by, national Jin10Duo Ge provinces and cities plantation dendrobium candidum, nearly 4000 mu of its area under cultivations; Only just reach more than 5,000,000,000 in the output value in 2008 years.However, the apparent availability of the dendrobium candidum in the whole nation still only has 1% left and right of market demand, its area under cultivation and cultivation scale still can constantly expand, and therefore, the penetration and promotion of officinal dendrobium stem plantation technology and standardization are the realistic problems that needs solution too impatient to wait.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide method and the special nutrient fluid of cultivating dendrobium candidum.
Provided by the present invention for cultivating the nutrient solution of dendrobium candidum, by solute and solvent composition, solvent is water, solute is as follows: N source, P source, K source, Ca source, Mg source, Fe source, B source, Mn source, Zn source, Cu source and Mo source, in described N source, P source, K source, Ca source, Mg source, the mass ratio of N element, P element, K element, Ca element, Mg element is (3-5): (1-4): (1-4): (1.5-2.5): 1.
In above-mentioned nutrient solution, the mass ratio of described N element, P element, K element, Ca element, Mg element is 3:1:1:1.5:1,5:1:1:2.5:1,3:2:2:1.5:1 or 5:4:4:2.5:1.
In above-mentioned nutrient solution, in described Fe source, B source, Mn source, Zn source, Cu source and Mo source, the mass ratio of Fe element, B element, Mn element, Zn element, Cu element and Mo element is Fe:B:Mn:Zn:Cu:Mo=2:0.2:0.2:0.02:0.01:0.005.
In above-mentioned nutrient solution, in described nutrient solution, solute and the concentration in described nutrient solution thereof are as follows:
Nitrate of lime Ca (NO 3) 24H 2o 123mg/L-205mg/L;
Magnesium sulfate MgSO 47H 2o 60mg/L;
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH 2pO 4136mg/L-544mg/L;
Ammonium nitrate NH 4nO 348mg/L-80mg/L;
Manganese sulphate MnSO 4h 2o 3.6mg/L;
Boric acid H 3bO 32.7mg/L;
Ferrous sulfate FeSO 47H 2o 13.4mg/L;
Copper sulphate CuSO 45H 2o 0.1mg/L;
Zinc sulphate ZnSO 47H 2o 0.4mg/L;
Ammonium molybdate (NH 4) 6mo 7o 244H 2o 0.1mg/L.
In above-mentioned nutrient solution, in described nutrient solution solute and the concentration in described nutrient solution thereof be in following (1)-(4) any:
（1）
Nitrate of lime Ca (NO 3) 24H 2o 123mg/L;
Magnesium sulfate MgSO 47H 2o 60mg/L;
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH 2pO 4136mg/L;
Ammonium nitrate NH 4nO 348mg/L;
Manganese sulphate MnSO 4h 2o 3.6mg/L;
Boric acid H 3bO 32.7mg/L;
Ferrous sulfate FeSO 47H 2o 13.4mg/L;
Copper sulphate CuSO 45H 2o 0.1mg/L;
Zinc sulphate ZnSO 47H 2o 0.4mg/L;
Ammonium molybdate (NH 4) 6mo 7o 244H 2o 0.1mg/L;
（2）
Nitrate of lime Ca (NO 3) 24H 2o 205mg/L;
Magnesium sulfate MgSO 47H 2o 60mg/L;
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH 2pO 4136mg/L;
Ammonium nitrate NH 4nO 380mg/L;
Manganese sulphate MnSO 4h 2o 3.6mg/L;
Boric acid H 3bO 32.7mg/L;
Ferrous sulfate FeSO 47H 2o 13.4mg/L;
Copper sulphate CuSO 45H 2o 0.1mg/L;
Zinc sulphate ZnSO 47H 2o 0.4mg/L;
Ammonium molybdate (NH 4) 6mo 7o 244H 2o 0.1mg/L;
（3）
Nitrate of lime Ca (NO 3) 24H 2o 123mg/L;
Magnesium sulfate MgSO 47H 2o 60mg/L;
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH 2pO 4272mg/L;
Ammonium nitrate NH 4nO 348mg/L;
Manganese sulphate MnSO 4h 2o 3.6mg/L;
Boric acid H 3bO 32.7mg/L;
Ferrous sulfate FeSO 47H 2o 13.4mg/L;
Copper sulphate CuSO 45H 2o 0.1mg/L;
Zinc sulphate ZnSO 47H 2o 0.4mg/L;
Ammonium molybdate (NH 4) 6mo 7o 244H 2o 0.1mg/L.
（4）
Nitrate of lime Ca (NO 3) 24H 2o 205mg/L;
Magnesium sulfate MgSO 47H 2o 60mg/L;
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH 2pO 4544mg/L;
Ammonium nitrate NH 4nO 380mg/L;
Manganese sulphate MnSO 4h 2o 3.6mg/L;
Boric acid H 3bO 32.7mg/L;
Ferrous sulfate FeSO 47H 2o 13.4mg/L;
Copper sulphate CuSO 45H 2o 0.1mg/L;
Zinc sulphate ZnSO 47H 2o 0.4mg/L;
Ammonium molybdate (NH 4) 6mo 7o 244H 2o 0.1mg/L.
The method of cultivation dendrobium candidum provided by the present invention, comprises the steps: with above-mentioned arbitrary described nutrient solution, dendrobium candidum seedling to be cultivated.
Wherein, dendrobium candidum seedling is that the candidum tissue culturing seedling with root survives after domestication, then carries out the seedling with 3-6 sheet leaf obtaining after the 3-6 facility cultivation of individual month.
In said method, for dendrobium candidum one year seedling, every 5-7 days pours water once, within every 10-14 days, irrigates nutrient solution I once, and described nutrient solution I is that the water of arbitrary described nutrient solution and 3 volume integrals in the claim 1-5 of 1 volume integral is mixed to get;
In said method, for the biennial seedling of dendrobium candidum, every 3-5 days pours water once, within every 7-10 days, irrigates nutrient solution II once; Described nutrient solution II is that the water of arbitrary described nutrient solution and 1 volume integral in the claim 1-5 of 1 volume integral is mixed to get;
In said method, for 3 years raw seedlings of dendrobium candidum, every 2-4 days pours water once, within every 4-7 days, irrigates nutrient solution III once; Described nutrient solution III is arbitrary described nutrient solution in claim 1-5.
Wherein, dendrobium candidum one year seedling is from having 3-6 sheet leaf to having the dendrobium candidum seedling that 10-12 sheet leaf and plant height are the 3-5cm stage; The biennial seedling of dendrobium candidum is to be that 3-5cm is to having the dendrobium candidum seedling that 16-18 sheet leaf and plant height are the 8-10cm stage from having 10-12 sheet leaf and plant height; It is 8-10cm to have 24-26 sheet leaf and plant height be 20-25cm and start flower bud differentiation or the dendrobium candidum seedling of flowering phase that 3 years raw Miao Weicong of dendrobium candidum have 16-18 sheet leaf and plant height.
In said method, in described cultivation process, temperature is 25 ± 1 ℃, and humidity is 60 ± 5%, CO 2concentration is 600 ± 50umol mol -1, air velocity is 0.2-0.4m s -1, intensity of illumination is 150 ± 30umol m -2s -1, light application time is 12h d -1.
Dendrobium candidum artificial cultivation method provided by the present invention, generally referred to from the dendrobium candidum seedling stage, the whole process starting until dendrobium candidum is gathered.
Nutrient solution of the present invention can meet the nutritional need of dendrobium candidum at different vegetative stages, manages dendrobium candidum tool have the following advantages with nutrient fluid cultivation of the present invention:
Promote growing of dendrobium candidum.By rational nutritive element proportioning and adapt circumstance regulation and control, adjust the concentration of nutrient solution at the tame different vegetative stages of dendrobium candidum, thereby carry out rational nutrient supply according to demand of plant growth, therefore can promote the growing more than 15-20% of dendrobium candidum.
Shorten the production cycle of dendrobium candidum.No matter utilize natural daylight cultivation method or artificial light cultivation method, utilize the group training of dendrobium candidum to take root transplantation of seedlings after the facilities such as greenhouse, booth, plant factor, minimum need to cultivation after 1 year half just can enter picking time.Nutrition liquid irrigation of the present invention and water management are promoting, on the basis that Growth of Dendrobium candidum is grown, can to shorten the production cycle 15-20% of dendrobium candidum.
Output and the quality of dendrobium candidum are improved.The present invention is due to reasonably nutrition liquid irrigation and water management, dendrobium candidum plant growth obtains healthy and strong, thick, is more conducive to the accumulation of polyoses content, thereby improve output and the quality of dendrobium candidum, the contrast of this increase of weight from the plant of stochastical sampling and polyoses content, can embody.
Therefore, the method for nutrient solution of the present invention and cultivation dendrobium candidum will have broad application prospects.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is experimental group plant factor (artificial light stereo cultivation method).
Fig. 2 is control group greenhouse (natural daylight stereo cultivation method).
Fig. 3 is that the photosynthesis of 3 years raw seedlings of dendrobium candidum is to CO 2the response of change in concentration.
Fig. 4 is that the Photosynthetic of 3 years raw seedlings of dendrobium candidum is according to the response of Strength Changes.
Embodiment
In following embodiment, the raw material of configuration nutrient solution are purchased in shooting a retrievable arrow chemical products Co., Ltd with Peking blue.Dendrobium candidum seedling derives from Feng He bio tech ltd of Zhejiang Province.
One, nutrient solution composition
Nutrient solution has carried out following quality proportioning take N, the P of macroelement, K, Ca, Mg as main ratio:
N3 district: N:P:K:Ca:Mg=3:1:1:1.5:1
N5 district: N:P:K:Ca:Mg=5:1:1:2.5:1
K2 district: N:P:K:Ca:Mg=3:2:2:1.5:1
K4 district: N:P:K:Ca:Mg=5:4:4:2.5:1
CK district: N:P:K:Ca:Mg=5:1:1:2.5:1
Other trace elements all configure with Fe:B:Mn:Zn:Cu:Mo=2:0.2:0.2:0.02:0.01:0.005 mass ratio.
Concrete nutrient solution forms as table 1.
Table 1, dendrobium candidum are irrigated the composition with nutrient solution
Figure BDA00001690604400061
Two, cultural method
Experimental group (Fig. 1): N3 district, N5 district, K2 district, K4 district (controllable environment and be artificial optical condition).
Control group (Fig. 2): CK district (the natural daylight condition in greenhouse).
The irrigation method of experimental group and control group is all as follows:
For dendrobium candidum one year seedling, every 5-7 days pours water once, within every 10-14 days, irrigates nutrient solution I once, and described nutrient solution I is that the water of nutrient solution shown in the table 1 of 1 volume integral and 3 volume integrals is mixed to get;
For the biennial seedling of dendrobium candidum, every 3-5 days pours water once, within every 7-10 days, irrigates nutrient solution II once; Described nutrient solution II is that the water of nutrient solution shown in the table 1 of 1 volume integral and 1 volume integral is mixed to get;
For 3 years raw seedlings of dendrobium candidum, every 2-4 days pours water once, within every 4-7 days, irrigates nutrient solution III once; Described nutrient solution III is nutrient solution shown in table 1.
The cultivation condition of experimental group is as follows: temperature: 25 ± 1 ℃, and humidity: 60 ± 5%, CO 2concentration: 600 ± 50umolmol -1, air velocity: 0.2-0.4m s -1, intensity of illumination: 150 ± 30umol m -2s -1, light application time: 12h d -1.
The condition of culture of control group is as follows: temperature: 20-30 ℃, humidity: 50-80%, CO 2concentration: 300-500umolmol -1, air velocity: 0.1-0.5m s -1, intensity of illumination: 50-500umol m -2s -1, light application time: 9-12h d -1.
Experimental group and control group all adopt vertical cultivation pattern, and cultivating container adopts 10*12cm nutritive cube.Cultivation matrix is that loose phosphorus (particle diameter 5-10mm), loose phosphorus (particle diameter 3-8mm), loose phosphor powder, vermiculite, sawdust are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:0.5, after adding water to saturation state, be deposited in together, after covered with plastic film, ferment and more than 6 months use.After experiencing summer High Temperature between cultivation matrix yeast phase, its internal temperature can reach 80 ℃.
From the 40000m of Feng He bio tech ltd of Zhejiang Province 2facility cultivation in get one year seedling of the same size, biennial seedling, each 100 strains of 3 years raw seedlings, test after taking back Beijing.The experiment in cultivation cycle of one year seedling is 9 months, and after off-test, failure test is carried out in random sampling 10 strains, within 2009,2010,2011, carries out respectively repeated test 3 times.Biennial and 3 year year, raw seedling carried out comparative trial simultaneously, and the test period is 6 months, randomly draws 20 strain samples and carry out failure test after off-test, within 2010,2011, carries out respectively 2 times repeated test.Result of the test is as follows:
The impact (test period is 9 months) that table 2, ratio of nutrient solution grow on dendrobium candidum one year seedling
Figure BDA00001690604400081
Note: 1) representative of the letter of the difference in same column has significant difference, same letter to represent there was no significant difference (P=0.05)
2) * represents significant difference (P=0.05), and * * represents extremely significantly (P=0.01) of difference, and NS represents there is no significant difference
3) ANOVA is significance variance analysis
The impact (test period is 6 months) that table 3, ratio of nutrient solution grow on the biennial seedling of dendrobium candidum and 3 years raw seedlings
Figure BDA00001690604400082
Figure BDA00001690604400091
Note: 1) representative of the letter of the difference in same column has significant difference, same letter to represent there was no significant difference (P=0.05)
2) * represents significant difference (P=0.05), and * * represents extremely significantly (P=0.01) of difference, and NS represents there is no significant difference
3) ANOVA is significance variance analysis
No matter can find out from table 2 and table 3, be dendrobium candidum one year seedling or biennial seedling, 3 years raw seedlings, and N5 growing under artificial lighting condition in test region is all good than other nutrient solution test regions, also good than the comparative trial district of natural lighting.From the newly-increased number of blade, newly-increased stipes number, newly-increased plant height, the newly-increased thick index of stem, N5 test region improves 15-25% than the amount of growing of N3, K2, K4 test region, improves more than 30% than CK check plot, and its polyoses content performance also has same trend.Therefore,, under same cultivation condition, the cultivation effect of other formulas of N5 recipe ratio is good.N5 group is compared with CK group, known, and N5 group is better more than 20-30% than growing of CK group.
From 3 years raw seedlings of dendrobium candidum of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 to CO 2the response trend of concentration and intensity of illumination, the intensity of illumination under artificial light controllable environment and CO 2concentration is all under good condition, and intensity of illumination and CO under natural daylight controllable environment 2concentration but can not get ensureing.Growing of suitable artificial light controllable environment and natural daylight controllable environment is good more than 20-30%.
The accumulation of biomass means the quickening of growing, and grows and accelerates to shorten the production cycle, and the improvement of this dendrobium candidum quality is also thought in the raising of polyoses content.Therefore, nutrient solution of the present invention and cultural method must be conducive to standardization, the standardization and industrialization of dendrobium candidum large-scale production.

Claims (3)

1. cultivate a method for dendrobium candidum, comprise the steps: with nutrient solution, dendrobium candidum seedling to be cultivated;
For dendrobium candidum one year seedling, every 5-7 days pours water once, within every 10-14 days, irrigates nutrient solution I once, and described nutrient solution I is that the water of the nutrient solution mother liquor of 1 parts by volume and 3 parts by volume is mixed to get;
For the biennial seedling of dendrobium candidum, every 3-5 days pours water once, within every 7-10 days, irrigates nutrient solution II once; Described nutrient solution II is that the water of the nutrient solution mother liquor of 1 parts by volume and 1 parts by volume is mixed to get;
For 3 years raw seedlings of dendrobium candidum, every 2-4 days pours water once, within every 4-7 days, irrigates nutrient solution mother liquor once;
In described nutrient solution mother liquor, solute and the concentration in described nutrient solution mother liquor thereof are as follows:
Nitrate of lime Ca (NO 3) 24H 2o 123mg/L-205mg/L;
Magnesium sulfate MgSO 47H 2o 60mg/L;
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH 2pO 4136mg/L-544mg/L;
Ammonium nitrate NH 4nO 348mg/L-80mg/L;
Manganese sulphate MnSO 4h 2o 3.6mg/L;
Boric acid H 3bO 32.7mg/L;
Ferrous sulfate FeSO 47H 2o 13.4mg/L;
Copper sulphate CuSO 45H 2o 0.1mg/L;
Zinc sulphate ZnSO 47H 2o 0.4mg/L;
Ammonium molybdate (NH 4) 6mo 7o 244H 2o 0.1mg/L.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described nutrient solution mother liquor solute and the concentration in described nutrient solution mother liquor thereof in following (1)-(4) any:
（1）
Nitrate of lime Ca (NO 3) 24H 2o 123mg/L;
Magnesium sulfate MgSO 47H 2o 60mg/L;
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH 2pO 4136mg/L;
Ammonium nitrate NH 4nO 348mg/L;
Manganese sulphate MnSO 4h 2o 3.6mg/L;
Boric acid H 3bO 32.7mg/L;
Ferrous sulfate FeSO 47H 2o 13.4mg/L;
Copper sulphate CuSO 45H 2o 0.1mg/L;
Zinc sulphate ZnSO 47H 2o 0.4mg/L;
Ammonium molybdate (NH 4) 6mo 7o 244H 2o 0.1mg/L;
（2）
Nitrate of lime Ca (NO 3) 24H 2o 205mg/L;
Magnesium sulfate MgSO 47H 2o 60mg/L;
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH 2pO 4136mg/L;
Ammonium nitrate NH 4nO 380mg/L;
Manganese sulphate MnSO 4h 2o 3.6mg/L;
Boric acid H 3bO 32.7mg/L;
Ferrous sulfate FeSO 47H 2o 13.4mg/L;
Copper sulphate CuSO 45H 2o 0.1mg/L;
Zinc sulphate ZnSO 47H 2o 0.4mg/L;
Ammonium molybdate (NH 4) 6mo 7o 244H 2o 0.1mg/L;
（3）
Nitrate of lime Ca (NO 3) 24H 2o 123mg/L;
Magnesium sulfate MgSO 47H 2o 60mg/L;
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH 2pO 4272mg/L;
Ammonium nitrate NH 4nO 348mg/L;
Manganese sulphate MnSO 4h 2o 3.6mg/L;
Boric acid H 3bO 32.7mg/L;
Ferrous sulfate FeSO 47H 2o 13.4mg/L;
Copper sulphate CuSO 45H 2o 0.1mg/L;
Zinc sulphate ZnSO 47H 2o 0.4mg/L;
Ammonium molybdate (NH 4) 6mo 7o 244H 2o 0.1mg/L.
（4）
Nitrate of lime Ca (NO 3) 24H 2o 205mg/L;
Magnesium sulfate MgSO 47H 2o 60mg/L;
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH 2pO 4544mg/L;
Ammonium nitrate NH 4nO 380mg/L;
Manganese sulphate MnSO 4h 2o 3.6mg/L;
Boric acid H 3bO 32.7mg/L;
Ferrous sulfate FeSO 47H 2o 13.4mg/L;
Copper sulphate CuSO 45H 2o 0.1mg/L;
Zinc sulphate ZnSO 47H 2o 0.4mg/L;
Ammonium molybdate (NH 4) 6mo 7o 244H 2o 0.1mg/L.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: in described cultivation process, temperature is 25 ± 1 ℃, and humidity is 60 ± 5%, CO 2concentration is 600 ± 50umolmol -1, air velocity is 0.2-0.4m/s, intensity of illumination is 150 ± 30umolm -2s -1, light application time is 12h/d.
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