CN102665697B - 耐酸的胶囊 - Google Patents
耐酸的胶囊 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及新的耐酸的硬药物胶囊、其制备方法和该胶囊特别、但非唯一地用于药物、兽医用品、食品和营养保健品的向人或动物的口服给药的用途。本发明的胶囊可以通过含水组合物得到,所述的含水组合物包含水溶性成膜聚合物和结冷胶,结冷胶相对于100重量份成膜聚合物的重量比是4-15重量份。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新的耐酸的硬药物胶囊、其制备方法和该胶囊特别、但非唯一地用于药物、兽医用品、食品和营养保健品(dietary supplements)的向人或动物的口服给药的用途。
背景技术
硬药物胶囊通常使用浸渍模塑法进行制备。在制备过程中,将钉形模具(pinmolds)浸入水基的成膜组合物中。通过随后使附着在钉上的组合物凝胶化从而形成膜。随后,干燥膜,剥落钉并切成想要的长度。因此,得到胶囊帽和体,其以后能够用物质进行填充并且套叠连接起来从而得到填充的硬药物胶囊。对于公开了该方法的专利文献,能够参见例如US5264223、US5756123和US5756123。
药物胶囊在药物领域广泛地被用作向人和动物给药的口服剂型。在本文中,为了在患者的胃中保持完整并且不释放其中的所包囊的内容物,经常需要胶囊是耐酸的。因此,耐酸的胶囊可用于在酸性环境中不稳定的物质或者与严重的胃部副作用相关的物质(如NSAID)的给药。
常规地,通过用肠溶膜对非耐酸的胶囊进行包衣解决赋予胶囊耐酸性的问题。肠溶膜包含已知的具有pH依赖的水溶性的耐酸材料。通常,这些材料是含有羧基的聚合物,例如醋酸邻苯二甲酸纤维素(CAP,cellulose acetate phthalate)、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯(HPMCP,hydroxypropyl methylcelluosephthalate)、醋酸羟丙基甲基纤维素琥珀酸酯(HPMC-AS,hydroxypropylmethylcelluose acetate succinate)、丙烯酸共聚物和虫胶(shellac)。这些材料在胃部环境(常规地用pH 1.2模拟)下不溶于水并且在肠环境(常规地用pH 6.8模拟)下易溶于水。
包衣溶液的缺点通常表现为包衣工序的复杂性和费用,有效地进行包衣所需的高水平的专业技能,必须在制造周期的最后进行包衣,即:一旦胶囊已经被填充,那么最终胶囊需要接触基于溶剂的包衣组合物,在干燥后这可能在胶囊表面上留下有毒溶剂的残留物。
也已知尝试研发非包衣的肠溶硬药物胶囊,即其壳已经表现出抗胃液性并且其本身不需要任何包衣步骤的硬胶囊。目前,令人满意的耐酸的硬胶囊仅能通过二次(double dipping)浸渍法获得,其中将常规的钉浸渍2次,至少1次浸入溶解于1种或多种有机溶剂中的肠溶聚合物的溶液中。二次浸渍法中所用的聚合物与常规的包衣法中所用的聚合物相同。
然而,二次浸渍法需要特别研发的极其昂贵的生产设备。此外,未解决在浸渍溶液中使用有机溶剂的问题,这仍造成对环境和健康安全的严重忧虑。
因此,需要耐酸的硬药物胶囊,其符合主要的药典中所述的耐酸标准,其具有令人满意的机械性能并且其能够用费用低廉的、环境友好的、健康安全的、简单的方法进行制备。
发明内容
通过用于制备耐酸的硬药物胶囊的水性组合物实现以上和其他的目的,特征在于其包含(i)水性溶剂、(ii)结冷胶和(iii)一种或多种水溶性成膜聚合物,其中结冷胶与所述的一种或多种水溶性成膜聚合物的重量比在4/100到15/100之间,包括上限和下限。
通过耐酸的硬药物胶囊壳也实现以上和其他的目的,所述的耐酸的硬药物胶囊壳包含(I)水分、(II)结冷胶和(III)一种或多种水溶性成膜聚合物,其中结冷胶与所述的一种或多种水溶性成膜聚合物的重量比在4/100到15/100之间,包括上限和下限。
通过包含如上所定义的壳的耐酸的硬药物胶囊也实现以上和其他的目的。
通过包含如上所定义的壳的耐酸的硬药物胶囊也实现以上和其他的目的,其中所述的壳填充有一种或多种酸不稳定的物质和/或一种或多种与人和/或动物体内的胃部副作用有关的物质。
通过用于制备耐酸的硬药物胶囊壳的浸渍模塑法也实现以上和其他的目的,所述的方法包含以下步骤:
(a)将钉(pins)浸入如上所定义的水性组合物中
(b)从水性组合物中取出浸渍的钉和
(c)干燥附着在浸渍的钉上的组合物从而得到壳;
其中按照所示的顺序进行步骤(a)至(c)。
通过如上所定义的水性组合物用于制备耐酸的硬药物胶囊壳和胶囊的应用也实现以上和其他的目的。
通过耐酸的硬药物胶囊壳用于制备用于向人或动物给予一种或多种酸不稳定的物质和/或一种或多种与人和/或动物体内的胃部副作用有关的物质的药物的应用也实现以上和其他的目的。
具体实施方式
在本发明中,除非另有说明,“硬胶囊”是指用于向人或动物口服给药的常规的硬药物胶囊,所述的胶囊由2个同轴的、套叠地连接的部分,将其称作体和帽。通常,帽和体具有侧壁、开口端和封闭端。每一个所述的部分的侧壁的长度通常大于胶囊直径。胶囊帽和体套叠地连接在一起从而使其侧壁部分重叠并且得到硬胶囊壳。“部分重叠”也包括这样的实施方案:其中帽和体的侧壁基本上具有相同的长度以致当帽和体套叠地连接的时候,所述的帽的侧壁包裹所述的体的全部侧壁。因此,本发明的硬胶囊在结构上没有脱离硬胶囊的常规定义。通常,“胶囊”是指空的和填充的胶囊,而“壳”特别地指空的胶囊。在硬胶囊壳填充有液体形式的物质的情况中,意欲本发明的硬胶囊可以根据常规的技术被密封或绑定(banded)从而避免所含的物质的泄漏。
在本发明中,使用USP-30的剂型的崩解试验中所公开的装置和方法(基本上,模拟胃液TS,在37±2℃,在篮/架装置中)测试耐酸性。除非另有说明,“耐酸性”或“耐酸的”是指当进行USP崩解试验时,本发明的硬胶囊壳和胶囊没有表现出泄漏达至少1小时。
本发明的胶囊壳和胶囊在模拟肠液中在pH 6.8、37±2℃在桨装置(paddleapparatus)中也表现出令人满意的溶解性能。实施例和图1中公开了本发明的典型的胶囊在模拟胃液和模拟肠液中的溶解曲线。当在如日本药典2(JP2)中所公开的溶解试验中进行测试的时候,本发明的硬胶囊符合其中所包含的耐肠溶性(enteric resistant)硬胶囊的定义。
在本发明中,除非另有说明,“水性溶剂”优选地是指水,更优选地是去离子水,更优选地“水性溶剂”由去离子水组成。因此,本发明的水性组合物是通过将至少以本文所定义的相互量的结冷胶和一种或多种水溶性成膜聚合物加入到水性溶剂中而得到的组合物。出于相同的原因,在本发明中,除非另有说明,水分可与水互换使用。
在本发明中,除非另有说明,“酸不稳定的物质”是指任意物理形态的物质或组合物,优选是用于人或动物口服给药的固体或液体药物或药物组合物,其通过酸性环境,化学地或物理地、部分地或完全地分解,其中酸性环境优选是指在体外通过具有pH约为1.2的溶解介质模拟的胃环境。
在本发明中,除非另有说明,“一种或多种与人和/或动物体内的胃部副作用有关的物质”是指这样的物质或组合物,优选地用于人或动物口服给药的药物或药物组合物,当向人或动物口服给药时其在胃内的释放与胃部副作用相关联,例如胃反流或者胃粘膜的生理上和/或结构完整性的损伤(例如胃溃疡)。
在一个方面,本发明涉及用于制备耐酸的硬药物胶囊的水性组合物,其特征在于其包含(i)水性溶剂、(ii)结冷胶和(iii)一种或多种水溶性成膜聚合物,其中结冷胶与所述的一种或多种水溶性成膜聚合物的重量比在4/100到15/100之间,包括上限和下限。
在优选的实施方案中,本发明的水性组合物由(i)水性溶剂、(ii)结冷胶和(iii)一种或多种水溶性成膜聚合物组成,其中结冷胶与所述的一种或多种水溶性成膜聚合物的重量比在4/100到15/100之间,包括上限和下限。
本发明的水性组合物中所含的一种或多种水溶性成膜聚合物(成分(iii))优选地代表最终胶囊壳的按重量计的主要成分。水溶性聚合物在硬药物胶囊的浸渍模塑制备法中的应用已为公众所知并且广泛记载于许多出版物和专利之中。目前所用的水溶性成膜聚合物全部可以商业购买得到。
在一个实施方案中,一种或多种水溶性成膜聚合物选自由纤维素衍生物,优选HPMC;明胶、支链淀粉、PVA和淀粉衍生物,优选羟丙基淀粉组成的组。在优选的实施方案中,成膜聚合物选自由HPMC;明胶、支链淀粉、PVA和羟丙基淀粉组成的组,因为其形成在弹性模量和脆性方面具有最佳机械性能的膜。在特别优选的实施方案中,成膜聚合物包含HPMC和/或明胶。在甚至更优选的实施方案中,成膜聚合物由HPMC组成。在甚至更优选的实施方案中,成膜聚合物由明胶组成。HPMC的合适的类型是本领域中已知的,例如HPMC 2910型(如在USP30-NF25中所定义的)。HPMC的其他的次优选的类型是HPMC 2208和HPMC 2906(如在USP30-NF25中所定义的)。
结冷胶是由发酵产生的(菌)表多糖(exopolysaccharide)。在本发明中,每大约100重量份的一种或多种水溶性成膜聚合物,使用比率为大约4-15重量份、优选大约4.5-8重量份、更优选大约4.5-6重量份,包括上限和下限,的结冷胶。在本发明的不同的实施方案中,每大约100重量份的一种或多种水溶性成膜聚合物,使用比率为大约5或5.5重量份的结冷胶。根据实验证据,相信如果使用较低量的结冷胶,在pH 1.2在崩解试验下最终的硬胶囊没有足够的耐酸性,而较高的结冷胶含量,在典型的常规的非热胶凝浸渍模塑技术(对于常规方法,参见例如上述的专利文献)的处理条件(例如T和固体含量)下,可能导致水性组合物的过度的粘度和过度的胶凝能力,进而不能以需要的高速度和高质量制备胶囊。据信优选的结冷胶与聚合物比例的值最佳地使本发明所达到的技术效果与加工性能方面结合起来。
由于其胶凝性质,当所使用的水溶性成膜聚合物,与明胶相反,本身没有表现出令人满意的胶凝性质(例如HMPC或改性淀粉)时,结冷胶是通常用于制备速释硬胶囊的固化系统(setting systems)的典型组分。然而,在现有技术中,所使用的结冷胶的量按重量计相比于水溶性成膜聚合物的重量通常非常低。例如,每大约100重量份的水溶性成膜聚合物,通常所使用的结冷胶的量低于1重量份,该量显著低于本发明所用的量。
此外,结冷胶通常与所谓的胶凝助剂(通常是Na+、K+或Ca2+的盐)联合使用。少量的结冷胶的使用和其与胶凝助剂的联合被教导以便完全响应于制备主要的成膜聚合物以在浸渍的钉上胶凝并且得到合适的硬胶囊壳的需要。
目前,申请人已经发现通过在如上所述的结冷胶与水溶性成膜聚合物比例之内操作,能够得到合适的硬胶囊并且也能够赋予该胶囊耐酸性。
另一个显著的优点是不再需要加入所谓的胶凝助剂,即使使用自身具有差的胶凝性质的成膜聚合物,如HPMC的时候。换言之,当以如上所述的重量比使用结冷胶时,不需要向水性组合物加入胶凝助剂(例如阳离子)就能够由HPMC或羟丙基淀粉水性组合物得到适合于制备硬胶囊的组合物。任选的不加入胶凝助剂对填入最终的硬胶囊壳中的药物的稳定性和硬胶囊的溶解曲线具有有利的影响。本发明的水性组合物不含有加入的凝胶助剂的事实优选地是指其不含有比结冷胶中天然存在的相同助剂的量更大量的胶凝助剂,例如阳离子。在另一个实施方案中,本发明的水性组合物不含有加入的凝胶助剂的事实优选地是指其含有不高于结冷胶中天然存在的相同助剂的量的量的凝胶助剂,例如阳离子。该天然量能够通过对购买的结冷胶批料的常规实验室试验容易地确定或者其能够由结冷胶供应商直接提供。
本发明的硬胶囊在pH 1.2在USP-30模拟胃液中至少1小时不泄漏,从而证实耐酸性。
通常,本发明的水性组合物中的成分(ii)和(iii)(即结冷胶和一种或多种水溶性成膜聚合物)的组合量按重量计在水性组合物的总重量的约10%和40%之间,更优选地在约15%和25%之间。使合适浓度的成膜聚合物适应于所使用的特定聚合物以及期望的膜的机械性能是在硬胶囊制造领域的技术人员的能力范围之内。
任选地,本发明的水性组合物能够含有至少一种惰性的、无毒的药用级或食品级的颜料,例如二氧化钛、氧化铁和其他的着色剂。通常,水性组合物中能够包含0.001-5.0重量%的颜料。重量按水性组合物中固体的总重量计。
任选地,本发明的水性组合物能够含有合适的增塑剂,例如甘油或丙二醇。为了避免过度柔软,增塑剂的含量必须低,例如按重量计在水性组合物中的固体的总重量的0%和20%之间、更优选在0%和10%之间、甚至更优选在0%和5%之间。
任选地,本发明的水性组合物能够进一步含有通常用于制备硬胶囊的成分,例如表面活性剂和矫味剂,其量是技术人员已知的并且可以在关于硬胶囊的出版物和专利中得到。
在另一个方面,本发明涉及通过使用如上所定义的水性组合物得到的耐酸的硬胶囊壳。在特定的实施方案中,壳包含(I)水分、(II)结冷胶和(III)一种或多种水溶性成膜聚合物,其中结冷胶与所述的一种或多种水溶性成膜聚合物的重量比在4/100到15/100之间,包括上限和下限。
在优选的实施方案中,耐酸的硬胶囊壳由(I)水分、(II)结冷胶和(III)一种或多种水溶性成膜聚合物组成,其中结冷胶与所述的一种或多种水溶性成膜聚合物的重量比在4/100到15/100之间,包括上限和下限。
只要适用并且除非是技术上不相容的,与本发明的水性组合物方面公开的全部特征和优选的实施方案也与本发明的任意其他方面有关地公开,包括本发明的耐酸的硬胶囊壳和壳。
本发明的胶囊壳的水分含量主要取决于所用的一种或多种水溶性成膜聚合物和生产后储存壳所处环境的相对湿度。通常,水分含量在壳的总重量的约2%和16%之间。例如,在贮存硬胶囊常规采用的条件下,当所使用的唯一成膜聚合物是HPMC时,本发明的硬胶囊壳含有按重量计为壳的重量的约2-8%之间、优选约2-6%之间、优选约3-6%之间的水分,当所使用的唯一成膜聚合物是明胶时,含有壳的重量的10-16%的水分。
在另一个方面,本发明涉及包含如上所定义的壳的耐酸硬胶囊。
通过用将被包囊的一种或多种物质填充本发明的壳能够得到本发明的胶囊。一旦填充,能够使胶囊防干扰,例如通过使用用于硬胶囊领域的合适的绑定溶液(banding solution)从而使连接处固定。
在优选的实施方案中,如上所定义的本发明的硬胶囊壳用一种或多种酸不稳定的物质和/或一种或多种与人和/或动物体内的胃部副作用有关的物质进行填充。
在另一个方面,本发明涉及用于制备耐酸的硬药物胶囊壳的浸渍模塑法,所述的方法包括以下步骤:
(a)将钉(pins)浸入如上所定义的水性组合物中
(b)从水性组合物中取出浸渍的钉和
(c)干燥附着在浸渍的钉上的组合物从而得到壳;
其中按照所示的顺序进行步骤(a)至(c)。
在干燥步骤(c)之后,所得到的壳能够从钉剥离并且切割成需要的长度。以这种方式得到胶囊壳的各部分(体和帽),随后能够将其套叠地连接起来从而形成最终的空胶囊。在用液体物质进行填充的情况中,如果需要,一旦填充,通过本领域中已知的合适技术(例如绑定或密封技术)能够使胶囊防干扰(tamper-proof)。
实施例1-5
以下的表1记载了在实施例1-5中所用的水性组合物的定量组成。根据以下所公开的浸渍模塑制备法(并且对于所有实施例都是相同的)由每一组成得到硬药物胶囊壳。
表1
浸渍模塑制备法
在7.5升容量的反应釜中,去离子水加热至75℃。将粉末形式的结冷胶和HPMC(2910型,在20℃2%水溶液粘度等级为6cPs)混合在一起。然后在75℃搅拌下将粉末混合物分散于水中。保持搅拌直至结冷胶完全溶解。在非常柔和的搅拌使溶液消泡之后,然后使溶液于60℃平衡。
将所得到的溶液移至常规的硬明胶胶囊生产设备的中试机(pilot machine)的浸渍盘中。在将浸渍溶液保持在60℃的同时,通过浸渍模塑生产与常规的硬明胶胶囊具有相同的尺寸规格的天然的、透明的0号硬胶囊壳。
所得到的胶囊壳首先用乳糖和靛蓝(indigotine)(FD&C蓝No2)(混合物的总重量的0.1重量%)的混合物进行填充,然后用虫胶的乙醇溶液绑定。绑定用来避免胶囊体和帽在pH 1.2的崩解试验期间分离。
为了评估耐酸性,根据USP-30崩解试验在USP-30模拟胃液(p1.2,无酶)中测试填充和绑定的胶囊。表2(以下)中所记录的结果清楚地支持本发明的硬胶囊对酸性条件的抵抗力。
表2
实施例6
按照以上为实施例1-5所公开的方法,但起始于在工业规模容器中在75℃将5kg结冷胶和100kg HPMC(结冷胶/HPMC=5/100)置于480升的去离子水中,得到水性组合物。
在结冷胶完全溶解、消泡和平衡后,将水性组合物移至工业规模的常规硬明胶胶囊生产线的浸渍盘中。在保持溶液温度在60℃的同时,通过浸渍模塑法制备400000个0号硬胶囊。调节工艺条件从而得到与常规的硬明胶胶囊的尺寸规格相同的硬胶囊。
与常规的硬明胶胶囊类似,在工业规模的填充设备GKF上测试所得到的胶囊,其证实了良好的填充性能。
胶囊用对乙酰氨基酚(APAP)进行填充,然后如实施例1-5中所述的进行绑定。
如实施例1-5所公开的在pH 1.2的崩解试验表明在模拟胃液中1小时后没有可见的泄漏。在1小时后在崩解介质中所溶解的APAP的剂量显示出仅仅7.9%溶解的APAP(可能由于少量APAP通过壳扩散)。这些结果证实了在酸性介质中胶囊良好的结构抵抗力。
溶解试验
将实施例6的相同的硬胶囊置于桨装置中并且根据如日本药典2(JP2)中所述的剂型的溶解试验进行测试。以50rpm通过依次使用如JP2中所公开的模拟胃液(pH 1.2)和肠液(pH 6.8),胶囊经历溶解。溶解试验的结果记载于图1中。结果表明本发明的硬胶囊的溶解曲线符合根据JP2的肠释放硬胶囊的定义。
Claims (6)
1.重量比在4/100和15/100之间的结冷胶和羟丙基甲基纤维素的混合物赋予硬药物胶囊壳和胶囊耐酸性的用途。
2.权利要求1的用途,其中每100重量份的羟丙基甲基纤维素使用4.5-6重量份的结冷胶,包括上限和下限。
3.权利要求1的用途,其中所述的胶囊在pH1.2在USP-30模拟胃液中至少1小时不泄漏。
4.权利要求1的用途,其中所述的胶囊填充有一种或多种酸不稳定的物质和/或一种或多种与人和/或动物体内的胃部副作用有关的物质。
5.由水性溶剂、结冷胶和羟丙基甲基纤维素,和任选地至少一种惰性的、无毒的药用级或食品级颜料、增塑剂、表面活性剂、或矫味剂组成的水性组合物赋予硬药物胶囊壳和胶囊耐酸性的用途,其中结冷胶和羟丙基甲基纤维素的重量比在4/100和15/100之间。
6.权利要求5的用途,其中水性组合物中的结冷胶和羟丙基甲基纤维素的组合量按重量计在水性组合物的总重量的15%至40%之间。
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AU2010299527A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
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US20120288562A1 (en) | 2012-11-15 |
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KR20120079836A (ko) | 2012-07-13 |
BR112012006651A2 (pt) | 2020-08-11 |
US20150050334A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
CA2775227A1 (en) | 2011-03-31 |
CN102665697A (zh) | 2012-09-12 |
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